Unit 5 The power of nature
Section Ⅰ Warming up; Pre reading, Reading & Comprehending
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Beauty cannot be measured by any ________(绝对的) standard.
2．When the train began to move slowly, Helen excitedly w________at her friends on the platform.
3．I've seen the stream of lava from a v________.
4．The car drew up a________ the policeman who signaled to the driver to stop.
5．The company decided to a________ Mr. Clark as manager.
6．Bruce recognized the ________(潜在性) for error in the method being used.
7．The ________(飓风) destroyed the seaside town.
8．The manager asked me to draw a(n) ________(图表) to show how the machine works.
9．These policemen usually wear ________(头盔) to protect themselves when they are on duty.
10．The parks of this city are famous for their beautiful ________(喷泉)．
答案：1.absolute 2.waved 3.volcano 4.alongside 5.appoint 6.potential 7.hurricane 8.diagram 9.helmets 10.fountains
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The government has an interest in importing scientific ________(equip)．
2．Most researchers believe that, in theory, mobile phones are ________(absolute) safe.
3．These films are ________(suit) for adults only because they are violent.
4．________(actual) ，on second thoughts，I don't think I want to go out tonight.
5．He had to cancel the ________(appoint) because of his poor health.
6．I don't believe their ________(evaluate) at all; it's not scientific.
答案：1.equipment 2.absolutely 3.suitable 4.Actually 5.appointment 6.evaluation
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．买票之后我们走进了戏院。
________ ________ ________ ________，we went into the theatre.(buy)
2．他向加油站驶去。
He ________ ________ ________ ________ the filling station.(make)
3．他随身携带街道图。
He ________ ________ ________ a street plan.(equip)
4．我们正要出发突然下起雨来。
We ________ ________ ________ ________ when it began to rain.(start)
5．由于没有上课，他们昨天去公园了。
________ ________ ________ ________， they went to the park yesterday.(there)
答案：1.Having bought our tickets 2.made his way towards/to 3.equipped himself with 4.were about to start 5.There being no classes
Ⅳ.单项填空
1．This region which had been relatively calm erupted ______ violence this spring.
A．to B．with
C．at D．into
答案：D 题意：今年春季，这个一直以来相对平静的地区突然发生了暴力事件。
2．Michael's new house is like a huge palace，________with his old one.
A．comparing B．compares
C．to compare D．compared
答案：D 题意：与旧房子相比，迈克尔的新房子看起来就像一座大宫殿。compared to/with表示“与…相比，”在句中担任状语。
3．This is a very interesting book. I'll buy it，________.
A．how much may it cost
B．no matter how it may cost
C．however much it may cost
D．how may it cost
答案：C 题意：这是一本非常有趣的书。无论花多少钱，我都要买。本题考查“however＋形容词或副词”引导让步状语从句的用法。选项B可以修改为：no matter how much it may cost.
4．—Do you think little Tom can do the work?
—No! Such fine work requires a good eye and a ________ hand.
A．steady B．regular
C．calm D．frequent
答案：A 题意：“你觉得小汤姆能做这项工作吗？”“他不能。做这么精细的工作，眼要尖，手要稳。”steady“平稳的；持续的；稳固的”，符合题意。regular“规则的；有规律的；正规的”；calm“平静的；镇静的”；frequent“经常的；不断的”。
5．(2013·浙江)Bears ________ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.
A．pack up B．build up
C．bring up D．take up
答案：B 本题考查动词短语意义辨析。句意：狗熊在夏天和秋天开始脂肪的储存以使他们有足够的能量来度过冬眠。pack up打包，包装；build up逐步建立；bring up教育，抚养；take up从事，开始。根据题干的意思可知正确答案为B。
6．(2014·江苏)The lecture ________， a lively question-and-answer session followed.
A．being given B．having given
C．to be given D．having been given
答案：D 考查非谓语动词。a lively question-and-answer session followed紧跟着是一个问答环节，是句子主干，所以逗号前面部分是要用非谓语动词作状语，the lecture与give之间是被动关系，又give动作发生在follow动作之前，所以要用having been done形式作状语，即表示别动，又强调完成，故选D项。而being given表示被动，动作正在进行，与下文的紧跟一个问答环节矛盾。
7．The team leader should________a team secretary to take and publish meeting notes.
A．point B．appoint
C．elect D．pick
答案：B 题意：小组的领导人应指定秘书做好会议记录，发布会议纪要。appoint表示“任命；委任”。
8．How do you________the general standard of education there?
A．value B．suppose
C．evaluate D．imagine
答案：C 题意：你对那里教育的整体水准如何评价？evaluate表示“评价；评估”。
9．He was on the point of starting out________Harran cut in.
A．while B．when
C．as D．although
答案：B 题意：他正预备出发，就给哈伦打断了。when用作并列连词，表示“其时；当时；就在那时”。
10．Though this was his most unfortunate time in his life, he was still ________ his goal.
A．going out of his way B．having it both ways
C．mending his ways D．making his way to
答案：D go out of one's way“特地；格外努力”；have it both ways“(想)两全其美”；mend one's ways“改邪归正”；make one's way to“前进”。此处表示他向自己的目标前进。
Ⅴ.完形填空
Tsunamis(海啸) are usually caused by a sudden rise or fall of part of the earth's crust (地壳) under the ocean. Tsunamis often __1__ in oceans and they are most __2__ in the Pacific. Normally a tsunami __3__ a series of waves. The seaside towns may be simply __4__ aside by the power of the water. Cars, trains and buildings cannot survive, __5__ the people who stand in the __6__. When the ocean is deep, tsunamis can travel unnoticed __7__ a speed of up to 800 kilometres per hour. They can cross the __8__ ocean in a day or less.
Tsunamis can be very __9__—as much as 100 kilometres an hour. They are able to cross entire oceans without losing much energy. One of the most __10__ facts about tsunamis is __11__ an earthquake on one side of the Pacific Ocean can cause large waves and destruction (破坏) on the other side.
The wave may only be a few metres high in the ocean but when it is near the __12__ and reaches shallow (浅的) water, the wave __13__ very quickly in height. Someone is said to have seen up to 10-metre high waves crash into the shore.
Tsunamis travel outward in all directions from the centre of an earthquake and __14__ coastlines, and they can easily cause flooding and __15__ property.They have caused several __16__ disasters in coastal areas over the years. A powerful example of the sea's power __17__ more than 125,000 people die in 12 different countries on December 26, 2004. The tsunamis were caused by an earthquake __18__ 8.9 on the Richter scale, which occurred off the coast of Indonesia. On July 17, 1998 an off-shore quake triggered (引发) a wave that struck the north coast of Papua New Guinea __19__ some 2,000 people and left thousands more __20__.
1．A.make B．reach
C．do D．happen
答案：D “经常发生在大洋中”，此处需要用不及物动词，happen表示“爆发；发生”。
2．A.common B．popular
C．calm D．familiar
答案：A C、D项不符合句意，首先可以排除；popular意为“流行的；受欢迎的”，也与句意不符；common意为“常见的；普遍的”。
3．A.attracts B．includes
C．buries D．gains
答案：B 句意是“通常海啸有连续的波浪”。attract意为“吸引”；bury意为“埋葬”；gain意为“获得”；只有include符合句意，意为“含有，包括”。
4．A.put B．swept
C．taken D．fled
答案：B be swept aside by意为“被……冲走”。
5．A.more than B．other than
C．let go D．let alone
答案：D let alone是固定搭配，意为“更不用说了”，承接上文。这两句话的意思是“海水的力量可以轻而易举地把海边的城镇冲走，更不用说人了”。
6．A.dust B．case
C．way D．story
答案：C 和第5空在一句话中，in the way意为“挡路”，也是固定短语。
7．A.in B．by
C．at D．for
答案：C 表示“以……的速度”，要用介词at，即at a speed of。
8．A.entire B．natural
C．general D．lonely
答案：A 此句意为“它们可以在不到一天的时间内跨过整个大洋”，说明其速度之快。entire意为“整个的”；其他三项：natural“自然的”；general“一般的”；lonely“偏僻的”，都不符合句意，所以都可排除。
9．A.far B．high
C．fast D．big
答案：C 从破折号后面的as much as 100 kilometres an hour可以判断，此处应该用fast。
10．A.interesting B．striking
C．aching D．breaking
答案：B interesting“有趣的”；aching“疼痛的”；striking“异乎寻常的；引人注目的”；breaking“突然的”。根据句意，首先可以排除A、C两项，由上句和空后修饰的名词facts，可以排除breaking，因为不可能是“突然的事实”。
11．A.where B．whether
C．that D．when
答案：C 此句意为“关于海啸的一个不寻常的事实是，太平洋一端的地震会引起巨大的波浪并对另一端形成破坏”。that引导的是表语从句，陈述一个事实。
12．A.root B．shore
C．sea D．bottom
答案：B 由句中的shallow和下句话的．..to 10-metre high waves crash into the shore.”可以判断此处要用shore，意为“波浪到岸边时会很快变高”。
13．A.takes up B．explodes up
C．uses up D．builds up
答案：D 考查短语的意义。take up意为“占据”；explode up意为“爆炸”；use up意为“用光”；build up意为“增高”。只有build up符合句意。
14．A.arrive B．affect
C．attack D．add
答案：C attack意为“袭击”；arrive后要接介词；affect意为“影响”；而add意为“增加”。根据句意，可以排除arrive，affect和add。
15．A.attempt B．organize
C．suffer D．destroy
答案：D 对财产造成破坏。destroy意为“破坏”。
16．A.major B．active
C．tense D．unknown
答案：A major表示“重要的；大的”，意为“近几年来海啸在沿海地区造成过几次大的危害”；tense意为“紧张的”；active意为“活跃的”，显然不合句意。
17．A.saw B．succeeded
C．invented D．suggested
答案：A 这里see是一种拟人化的用法，是“见证”之意；其他三项均不符合句意。
18．A.measuring B．figuring
C．expressed D．supposed
答案：A 表示“度量”时，要用measure，后面接的是地震的级数；figure意为“计算”；express意为“表达”；suppose意为“认为；假设”，都可以排除。此处的measuring作定语，相当于定语从句which measured...。
19．A.died B．owed
C．forced D．killed
答案：D a wave... killed some 2,000 people意为“波浪使两千人死去”，kill是及物动词。die是不及物动词，不能接宾语，所以可以排除。
20．A.winless B．homeless
C．breathless D．hopeless
答案：B homeless意为“无家可归的”。
Ⅵ.阅读理解
Check out our tsunami facts and learn some interesting information related to these great walls of water that can cause so much destruction. Find out what causes tsunamis and read about some recent examples of tsunamis that have occurred around the globe.
·The Japanese word for tsunami means harbor wave.
·Tsunamis are sometimes referred to as tidal (受潮汐影响的) waves but this term has fallen out of favour because tsunamis are not related to tides.
·Tsunamis are huge waves of water that are usually caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.
·As a tsunami approaches the shore (海岸), water may move back from the coast. If it is shallow (浅的) enough the water may be pulled back hundreds of metres. If you are in the area, you can know that a tsunami is on the way when you see this phenomenon.
· Regions in tsunami danger zones often have warning systems in place to give people as much time as possible to move to a safe place.
·When tsunamis hit shallow water (often near the coast) they slow down but increase in height.
·An earthquake in the Indian Ocean off Indonesia in December 2004 caused a tsunami that killed over 200,000 people in 14 countries.
· In March 2011, the Tohoku earthquake off the eastern coast of Japan caused a tsunami that was a major factor in the death of over 15,000 people.
·The tsunami waves created by the Tohoku earthquake reached heights of over 40 metres in some areas, wiping out coastal towns and causing a number of nuclear accidents.
1. How many causes of tsunamis are mentioned in the text?
A．One. B．Two.
C．Three. D．Four.
答案：B 细节理解题。由第四段可知，海啸通常是由地震或火山爆发引起的。
2. In the Tohoku earthquake over 15,000 people died mainly because of ________.
A．the earthquake itself
B．the lack of warning systems
C．the tsunami caused by the earthquake
D．the nuclear accidents caused by the tsunami
答案：C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“...a tsunami that was a major factor in the death of over 15,000 people”可知，在2011年日本大地震中，海啸是造成超过15,000人死亡的主要原因。故C项正确。
3. What do we learn from the text?
A．The Japanese invented the term “tidal waves”．
B．The term “tidal waves” is used more often than tsunami.
C．When tsunamis slow down, their waves can reach 40 metres.
D．When hitting shallow water, tsunamis will rise higher.
答案：D 细节理解题。根据倒数第四段可知当海啸袭击浅的水域时，它们的高度会增加。故D项正确。
4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Over 200,000 people were killed in 14 countries because of the earthquake in Dec. 2004.
B．Sometimes tsunamis are said as tidal waves, because they are related to tides.
C．The warning systems in some regions help people move to a safe place.
D．If you see water move to the coast, there will be a tsunami on the way.
答案：C 细节理解题。从文章第六段可以看出C项正确。由倒数第三段可以看出是由于地震引起的海啸使20万人丧生，而非地震本身，A项错误。B项与第三段意思相反，故为错误选项。文章第五段提到，海啸来时海水会从海岸向后退，而非向前进，故D项错误。
5．The text is developed mainly by ________.
A．listing some facts
B．giving some examples
C．providing some numbers
D．making some comparisons
答案：A 写作手法题。本文主要列举了一些关于海啸的基本常识和事实。故A项正确。
课件93张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 选修6 (通用本)The power of natureUnit 5Section Ⅰ Warming-up; Pre-reading, Reading & Comprehending Unit 5Ⅰ.下面是本部分的重点词汇，你能准确填出内容吗？
1．根据词性及汉语写出单词及其拓展形式。
(1) ________ (n.)灰；灰末
(2) _____________ (n.)问卷；调查表
(3) ________ (adv.)在旁边；沿着边
(prep.)在……旁边；沿着……的边
(4) ________(n.)波浪；波涛
(vi.)波动；起伏；挥手
(5) ________ (vi.& vt.)泉水般地喷出或涌出
(n.)喷泉；源泉ashquestionnairealongsidewavefountain(6) ________ (n.)一套外衣；套装
(vt.)适合；使适宜
(7) ________ (n.)潜在性；可能性；潜能
(adj.)可能的；潜在的
(8)erupt(vi.)(指火山)爆发；突然发生→ ________ (n.)火山爆发；(战争等)爆发
(9)equip(vt.)装备；使有能力→ __________ (n.)设备；装备
(10)appoint(vt.)任命；委派→ ____________ (n.)任命；委派
(11)evaluate(vt.)评估；评价；估计→ __________ (n.)评估；评价suitpotentialeruptionequipmentappointmentevaluation(12) ________ (adj.)绝对的；完全的→absolutely(adv.)绝对的；完全地
(13)actual(adj.)实在的；实际的→ ________ (adv.)实在地；实际地，事实上absoluteactually2．根据汉语意思补全下面的短语。
(1)share sth.______________sb. 与某人分享某物
(2)compared______________ 和……比起来
(3)protect...______________... 保护……免受……
(4)be appointed______________ 被任命为……
(5)burn______________the ground 全部焚毁
(6)______________the distance 在远方
(7)______________one's way 前往
(8)be enthusiastic______________ 对……充满热情withwithfromastoinmakeaboutⅡ.根据课文内容填空
The writer's job is to travel to unusual places and work __1__ people from all over the world, sometimes working outdoors，sometimes using scientific __2__. Exactly speaking, the writer is __3__ as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory.
He will never forget his first sight of the eruption. He was __4__ when suddenly his bed began to shake. He didn't __5__ much notice at first, but his room became as bright as day; there had been an eruption and red hot lava was __6__ hundreds of metres into the air.He was lucky enough to have a much closer look at it the next day. Wearing white protective __7__ that covered their whole body just like a spaceman，they __8__ their way to the edge of the crater to collect lava.
The writer is as __9__ about his job as the day he first started, and he is still amazed at the volcanoes' beauty as well as their __10__ to cause great damage.1．__________ 2.____________ 3.___________
4._____________5．________ 6.___________
7.________ 8.___________9．____________
10.___________
答案：1.alongside 2.equipment 3.appointed 4.fast asleep 5.take 6.fountaining 7.suits 8.made 9.enthusiastic 10.potential1.erupt vi.(指火山)爆发；突然发生
①Violence erupted after the football match.
足球赛后突然发生了暴力事件。
②An active volcano may erupt at any time.
活火山随时可能喷发。知识拓展
(1)erupt into突然发出(尤其指叫喊)
(2)eruption[C&U]爆发
①The little girl erupted into cry.
那个女孩突然大哭起来。
②Signs of dangerous social eruption, actually were few.
具有危险性的社会骚动迹象是很少的。图解助记
erupt, explode, burst活学活用
选用erupt/explode/burst的适当形式填空
(1)In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and ________.
(2)The bomb ________ at a great distance from their observation point.
(3)No one knows when the social volcano below modern society will ________.
答案：(1)burst (2)exploded (3)erupt2．alongside adv.在旁边；沿着边 prep.在……旁边；沿着……的边
①The police car pulled up alongside.
那辆警车在旁边停下了。
②He parked his car alongside the fence.
他把车顺着围墙停放。
③The car drew up alongside the road.
小汽车在路边停了下来。知识拓展
alongside of在……旁边；与……并排
alongside with与……一起；除……以外
beside prep.在……旁边；在……近旁
活学活用
补全句子
杰克赶上了我，与我并排驾车齐驱。
Jack ________ ________ ________ me and rode ________.
答案：caught up with; alongside3．equipment[U] n．设备；装备
①Our school has been given some new equipment.
我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。
②They have bought a piece of equipment for the kitchen.
他们买了一套厨房设备。知识拓展
equip vt.装(配)备；使有能力
equip sb./sth. with...用……装备……
equip sb. for...使某人为……做好准备；使某人能够做某事
equip sb./sth. to do sth.使某人/物具备条件做某事
①The factory is equipped with modern machinery.
这家工厂装备了现代化的机器设备。
②His work experience equipped him to deal with all kinds of people.
他的工作经验使他能与各种各样的人打交道。比较网站
equipment, appliance, instrument活学活用
(1)判断正误
这是件很有用的厨房用具。
①It's a very useful kitchen equipment.( )
②It's a very useful piece of kitchen equipment.( )
(2)我们使孩子们受到良好的教育。
_______________________________________________
答案：(1)①× ②√ (2)We equip our children with a good education.4．appoint vt.任命；委派；约定，安排
①The oldest general was appointed (to be) marshal of the armies.
那位老将军被任命为部队元帅。
②He was appointed to the vacant post.
他被委派填补那个空缺。
③We must appoint a day to meet again.
我们必须要约定好下次会面的日期。知识拓展
(1)appoint... as...任命……为……
appoint sb. to sth.委派某人……
appoint sb. to do sth.委派某人干……
(2)派生词：appointment n．任命；预约；约定
break an/one's appointment违约；失约
have an appointment with sb. at在某时间和某人有约会
keep an/one's appointment守约
make/fix an appointment with sb.与某人约会①They appointed him (as) manager.
他们任命他为经理。
②A lawyer was appointed to represent the child.
一位律师被指定为这个孩子的代理律师。
③I'd like to make an appointment with the doctor.
我想和医生预约一下。活学活用
(1)The time________for the meeting was ten o'clock.
A．elected B．appointed
C．voted D．assigned
答案：B 题意：约定的开会时间是十点。appoint表示“安排，确定(时间、地点)”，过去分词短语appointed for the meeting担任后置定语，修饰名词time.(2)They appointed him________captain of the English team.
A．for B．with
C．on D．as
答案：D 题意：他们任命他为英格兰队队长。appoint sb. as/to be...表示“任命某人为……”。5．evaluate vt.评估；评价；估计
①We need to evaluate how well the policy is working.
我们需要对政策产生的效果作出评价。
②I think it's too early to evaluate her work.
我认为对她的工作作出评价为时尚早。
③The school has only been open for six months, so it's hard to evaluate its success.
该学校仅开办了六个月，现在还很难估计它的成就。知识拓展
(1)evaluation n．估计；评估；评价
evaluation method评价方法
evaluation factor评价团素
(2)常见用法：evaluate water quality评价水质
evaluate one's ability评估某人的能力
evaluate the value/quality of sth.评估某物的价值/质量比较网站①The research project has only been under way for three months, so it's too early to evaluate its success.
这个研究项目才进行了三个月，所以要对它的成绩作出评价为时尚早。
②We estimated that it would cost about 5000 dollars.
我们估计它要花约5000美元。
③The car has been valued at over 20 000 dollars.
这辆小汽车被估价为2万多美元。活学活用
(1)(2014·福建)It is widely acknowledged that students should be ________ in terms of overall quality.
A．supported B．matched
C．evaluated D．controlled
答案：C 考查动词词义辨析。support支持； match与……匹配； evaluate 评估；评价；control控制。根据overall quality“全面的品质”可知，本题涉及到对学生的评价问题，故选择C项。句意为：人们普遍认为应该综合能力对学生进行评价。(2)选用evaluate/estimate/value的适当形式填空
①Our research attempts to ________ the effectiveness of the different drugs.
②I really ________ him as a friend.
③It is ________(that) the project will last four years.
答案：①evaluate ②value ③estimated6．wave n．波浪；波涛 vi.波动；起伏；挥手
①The storm whipped up huge waves.
暴风雨掀起了巨浪。
②The grass waved in the wind.
草在风中起伏波动。
③He waved at them until they were out of sight.
他朝他们挥手，直到再也看不到他们。知识拓展
in waves一阵一阵
wave to/at sb.朝某人挥手
wave sb. goodbye(＝wave goodbye to sb.)向某人挥手告别
wave sb. off挥手送别某人
wave sth. aside/away对某事/某物置之不理图解助记活学活用
补全句子
(1)痛感阵阵袭来。
The pain came ________ ________.
(2)她挥手告别。
She ________ her hand ________ ________ ________.
答案：(1)in waves (2)waved; to say goodbye7．absolutely adv.完全地；确实地；绝对地
①He is absolutely wrong.
他完全错了。
②It's absolutely no business of hers.
这件事与她毫不相关。知识拓展
absolute adj.绝对的；完全的。(表示perfect或complete的意思，没有比较级)
absolutely no/nothing绝对不；完全没有
①There was absolutely nothing more the doctors could do, so the patient decided to go to Beijing.
医生的确再也无计可施了，因此，这位病人决定去北京。
②The police have absolute proof of this guilt.
警方有他犯罪的确凿证据。活学活用
(1)汉译英
他的叙述是个十足的谎言。
________________________________________________________________________
(2)I think the answer's right but I'm not________sure about it.
A．exactly B．absolutely
C．particularly D．specially
答案：(1)His story was an absolute lie.
(2)B 题意：我认为这答案是正确的， 但是没有绝对的把握。absolutely表示“(强调真实无误) 绝对地；完全地”。8．suit n．一套外衣；套装 vt.适合；使适宜
①I'd love to be introduced to the man wearing a business suit.
我想认识穿公务装的那个男人。
②It is almost impossible to find a time that suits everybody.
要想找到适合每个人的时间几乎是不可能的。
③I don't think this coat suits me.
我认为这件衣服不适合我。比较网站
fit/suit/match①The trousers don't fit him; they are too small.
这条裤子不合他的身，太小了。
②It suits me if you come to work at eight o'clock.
如果你八点来上班我就满意了。
③These shoes do not match. One is large and the other is small.
这鞋不相配，一只大，一只小。活学活用
用suit，fit或match的适当形式填空
(1)I can't find clothes to ________ me. They are either too big or too small.
(2)Late afternoon will ________ me.
(3)The curtains don't ________ the paint.
(4)The color of the cloth ________ a woman at my wife's age.
答案：(1)fit (2)suit (3)match (4)suits9．potential adj.可能的；潜在的
①The dispute has scared away potential investors.
这一争端吓走了潜在的投资者。
②She has acting potential, but she needs training.
她有表演潜力，但需要训练。
知识拓展
potentially adv.潜在地
The bridge is potentially dangerous.
这座桥有潜在的危险。 活学活用
汉译英
他是一个非常有潜力的年轻歌手。
_______________________________________________
答案：He is a young singer with great potential.10．actual adj.实在的；实际的
①All actual objects are concrete.
一切实际存在的物体都是具体的。
②I'm not joking. Those were his actual words.
我不是开玩笑，那都是他的原话。知识拓展
(1)in actual fact＝in fact实际上
(2)actually adv.实际上
①He looks younger than Helen but in (actual) fact he is several years older.
他看起来比海伦年轻，但实际上他大好几岁。
②I don't think I can take it over，actually.
我想我实际上不能把它接过来。活学活用
—Do you think it's a good idea to make friends with your students?
—________， I do. I think it's a great idea.
A．Really B．Obviously
C．Actually D．Generally
答案：C 题意：“你认为与自己的学生交朋友是个好主意吗？”“说实在地，我认为是个好主意。”actually表示“(礼貌地纠正他人)实际上，事实上”。1.burn to the ground全部焚毁
①The building was burnt to the ground due to the fireworks.
放烟火使得大楼全部焚毁。
②With their houses burnt to the ground，they had no place to live in.
他们的房子被焚为平地，无处可住。知识拓展
burn down把……烧成平地，烧光
burn off烧掉
burn out烧光，烧完
burn away逐渐烧完；烧光；烧毁
burn up烧起来，旺起来；烧尽，烧毁
burn... to death烧死活学活用
完成句子
(1)那根蜡烛已经烧掉了一半。
Half the candle ________ ________ ________.(burn)
(2)宇宙飞船在进入大气层时被烧毁。
The spacecraft ________ ________ as it entered the earth's atmosphere.(burn)
答案：(1)had burnt away (2)burned up2．in the distance在远处
You can see the ruins in the distance.
你可以看到远处的废墟。知识拓展
(1)distant adj.遥远的；远处的；久远的
(2)at a distance从远处，隔一段距离
keep one's distance保持距离
keep sb. at a distance冷落某人；对某人保持疏远
from a distance从远方
①The painting can be only admired at a distance.
这幅画要在远处欣赏。
②He is a distant cousin of mine.
他是我的一位远房表亲。活学活用
补全句子
——我们还得再走多远？
—How much farther shall we have to go?
——再走五英里，直到我们到达远处的那座山。
—Another five miles until we reach the mountain ________ ________ ________.
答案：in the distance3．make one's way前往，成功
①When the concert ended，I made my way out of the hall.
音乐会结束时，我走出了大厅。
②If you want to make your way, you must learn to work hard when you are still young.
你要想成功，就得学会趁着年轻多多努力。知识拓展
elbow/shoulder/push one's way推挤前进，挤过去
feel one's way(在黑暗中)摸索前进
fight one's way奋勇前进
inch one's way缓慢前进
pick one's way谨慎前进
lose one's way迷路
find one's way找到出路
weave one's way穿梭前进
in a way在某种程度上wind one's way蜿蜒前进
make way(for)(给……)让路；让位(于……)
①The Great Wall winds its way across North China like a huge dragon.
长城像一条巨龙，在中国北方蜿蜒盘旋。
②Though surrounded by the enemies on all sides，the brave soldiers managed to fight their way out.
尽管被敌人四面包围，但英勇的战士们还是打出了一条路。活学活用
补全句子
(1)在某种意义上，我同意你。
I agree with you ________ ________ ________.
(2)她对这项工作不熟悉，还在摸索着做。
She was new in the job, still ________ ________ ________.
答案：(1)in a way (2)feeling her way1.Yet，however weak we are, we are not completely powerless.
但是，不管我们有多么的脆弱，我们并不是完全无能为力的。
这是一个however引导的让步状语从句，此处however为连词。要注意的是从句中的形容词或副词要放到however之后，主语之前。however相当于no matter how。We'll have to finish the job，however long it takes.
无论要花多长时间，我们都得把工作做完。
No matter how hard he works，he can not get a promotion.
＝ However hard he works, he can not get a promotion.
不管他工作多么努力，他就是得不到提升。
No matter how he did it，it was a great success.
＝However he did it，it was a great success.
无论他是怎么完成的，这都是一个巨大的成功。知识拓展
however的其他用法：
(1)(conj.) 不管怎样；无论如何
①However I cook eggs, the child still refuses to eat them.
不管我用什么方法煮鸡蛋，小孩还是不肯吃。
②Dress however you like.
你喜欢怎么穿就怎么穿。
(2)(adv.) 然而；不过；仍然
①I'd like to go with you; however, my hands are full.
我很想和你一块儿去，可是我忙不过来。 ②He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however.
他说事情就是那样，不过他错了。
③However, I will do it in my own way.
可是，我将照我的方式去做。
(3)(用以强调疑问词 how)(口语)到底[究竟] 如何
①However did you manage it?
这件事你究竟如何处理的？(表惊讶)
②However did you go yourself?
你一个人究竟是怎么去的？(表感动)活学活用
补全句子
(1)________ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
(2)________ hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.
答案：(1)However (2)However2．Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists...
收集和评估完这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家……
having collected and evaluated...是现在分词的完成式在句中作状语，表明从句动作发生在主句动作之前。如：
①Having answered the teacher's questions, she sat down and felt much more relaxed.
回答老师的问题后，她坐下来，感到轻松多了。
②Not having received a reply, he decided to write again.
没收到回信，他决定再写一封。 温馨提示
(1)过去分词作状语和现在分词作状语时，其逻辑上的主语就是主句的主语，但所不同的是，过去分词与主语之间存在被动关系，但有时无被动意味，只是表示一种状态或动作的完成，而现在分词与主语之间存在着主动关系。
(2)如果一个被动的动作在主句谓语的动作之前完成，则可使用现在分词的完成被动式。
①Dressed in white, she looks really pretty.
穿着白衣服，她看来更美。
②Seen at a distance, the picture looks more beautiful.
从远处看，那幅画看起来更美。③Given better attention, the flowers could have grown better.
要是照管得好一点，这些花会长得更好。
④Seeing the picture, he couldn't help thinking of his good old days.
看到那张照片，他禁不住想起了美好的往昔。活学活用
(1)(2013·山东)________ at the cafeteria before, Tina didn't want to eat there again.
A．Having eaten B．To eat
C．Eat D．Eating
答案：A 本题考查非谓语动词。句意：Tina以前去过这家餐厅，她不想再到那儿吃饭。此处是非谓语动词作状语，根据关键词before可知，此处表示以前的动作，而且与句子的主语之间是主动关系，故用现在分词的完成时态。(2)(2014·福建)________ the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.
A．Spending B．Spent
C．Having spent D．To spend
答案：C 考查非谓语动词作状语。A项现在分词表示与主句谓语动词同时发生的动作；B项过去分词表示被动和完成；C项分词的完成形式，表示发生在主句谓语动词之前的动作；D项不定式表示目的或还未发生的动作。根据语境可知C项正确。句意为：去年作为一名交换生在香港大学学习了一年之后，琳达看起来要比那些同龄的孩子更加成熟。3．This is because no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea, where the rocks fall.
这是因为在岩石下落的基拉韦厄火山顶附近无人居住。
This is because...这是因为……；其中because引导的是表语从句；where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the top of Mount Kilauea。
①This is because he was ill yesterday.
这是由于他昨天生病的缘故。
②The area looks more beautiful, where many trees have been planted.
那片区域看起来更美了，那里已经种植了很多的树。温馨提示
because引导表语从句时，其主句的主语多为this，that或it。
比较网站
why/because/that引导的表语从句
这三个词都可以引导表语从句，但用法和含义有区别：
(1)why引导的从句可译为“(……)就是为什么……”。如：
Is that why you had a few days off?
那就是你请了几天假的原因吗？(2)because引导的从句解释事件的原因，可译为“(……)是因为……”。如：
That she works in a kindergarten is because she likes children.
她在幼儿园上班是因为她喜欢孩子。
(3)that常用于“the reason why...is/was that...”结构中，该结构可译为“……的理由/原因是……”。如：
The reason why I liked the film was that it was funny.
我喜欢这部电影的原因是它很搞笑。活学活用
汉译英
他上班迟到的原因是他偶然遇到了一起车祸。
_______________________________________________
答案：The reason why he was late for work was that he ran across an accident.4．I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.
我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。
本句含有“be about to... when...”句式，该句式表示“正要……这时(突然)……”。when在此为并列连词，意为“就在这时(突然)”。
①I was about to say when you interrupted me.
我正要说话的时候，你插嘴了。
②I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
我正要出去，电话铃响了。知识拓展
be doing sth. when...正在做某事，就在这时……
be going to do sth./on the point of doing sth. when...正在做某事，就在这时……
had just done sth. when...刚刚做完某事，就在这时……
①We were having a meeting when someone broke in.
当时我们正在开会，突然有人闯了进来。
②She was on the point of watching TV when there was a power failure.
她刚要看电视，这时突然停电了。
③I had just gone to bed when the telephone rang.
我刚刚上床睡觉，突然电话铃响了。活学活用
(1)Tom was about to close the window ________his attention was caught by a bird.
A．when B．if
C．and D．till
答案：A 句意：汤姆正要关窗子，这时一只小鸟引起了他的注意。be about to do sth when...即将做某事，就在这时……。(2)She had just finished her homework ________ her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.
A．when B．while
C．after D．since
答案：A 句意：昨天她刚完成家庭作业，她的妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。sb had just finished sth when...某人刚做完某事，这时……5．I ran out of the house into the back garden where I could see Mount Kilauea in the distance.
我赶紧跑出房间，来到后花园，在那儿我能远远地看见基拉韦厄火山。
where I could see...为where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the back garden，where在从句中作地点状语。如：
My brother is so shy that he's always staying at the places where others seldom go.
我弟弟很腼腆，老是待在那些很少有人去的地方。知识拓展
where引导的定语从句和状语从句
You'd better make a mark where you have any questions.(状语从句)
You'd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.(定语从句)
以上两句中第一个where引导状语从句，后一个where引导定语从句。定语从句的先行词是the place，where引导的定语从句修饰place。状语从句中where引导的句子作地点状语，修饰动词(短语)make a mark。活学活用
(1)(2013·北京)Many countries are now setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected.
A．when B．which
C．whose D．where
答案：D 本题考查定语从句。句意：我们国家正在建立一些国家公园，动物和植物在那儿可以得到保护。分析结构可知，此处是考查定语从句的引导词，先行词为 national parks，定语从句缺少状语，要用where来引导，相当于in which。关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语；which作主语、宾语、表语；whose只作定语，三者均不合语境，故正确答案为D。(2)(2014·福建)Students should involve themselves in community activities ________ they can gain experience for growth.
A．who B．when
C．which D．where
答案：D 考查定语从句的引导词。先行词为activities(活动)，且从句中缺少作状语的引导词，故排除A、C；when指时间，不符合语境，故D项正确。句意为：学生们应该参加社区服务活动，在这些活动中他们能够获得成长的经历。6．The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.
另外两人爬下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，因为我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。
此句为并列句。而but分句中“this being my first experience”为独立主格结构，在句中作状语，相当于原因状语从句。常见的独立结构有如下几种：(1)名词/主格代词＋现在分词
Time permitting( ＝ If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow.
如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。
(2)名词/主格代词＋过去分词
Her glasses broken(＝Because her glasses were broken), she couldn't see the words on the blackboard.
由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。(3)名词/主格代词＋不定式
They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore.
他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。
(4)名词/主格代词＋形容词
An air accident happened to the plane，nobody alive.
那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。
(5)名词/主格代词＋副词
He put on his sweater，wrong side out.
他把毛衣穿反了。(6)名词/主格代词＋介词短语
Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door.
玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。
温馨提示
分词作状语和独立主格结构作状语的区别就在于逻辑主语的不同，分词的逻辑主语为句子的主语，独立主格结构本身带有逻辑主语，这个主语和句子主语不一致。活学活用
The party will be held in the garden, weather ________.
A．permitting B．to permit
C．permitted D．permit
答案：A 本题考查独立主格结构。句意：如果天气允许的话，聚会将在花园举行。weather与permit之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，表主动，故选A。Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Iceland volcanoes ________(爆发) frequently last year.
2．Judging from what you did, you are an ________(完全的)fool.
3．It has been ________(估计) that the hurricane is coming to Hainan in three days.
4．Mr Wang was ________(任命) as leader of our basketball team.
5．First we need to identify actual and ________(潜在的) problems.6．The ________(实际的) price was much higher than we had expected.
7．The local council is supplying new play ________(设备) for the playground.
8．The boat pulled up ________(在……旁边) the ship.
9．She wondered whether the dress s________ her.
10．My mother was in tears as I w________ goodbye to her.
答案：1.erupted 2.absolute 3.evaluated 4.appointed 5.potential 6.actual 7.equipment 8.alongside 9.suited
10．wavedⅡ.选词填空
1．Edward was just beginning to ________ in life.
2．The time ________ for the meeting was 10∶30.
3．I'd love to be introduced to the man wearing a business ________.
4．Last night a big fire broke out, and the house ________.
5．As soon as the train started, he ________ his friends.
6．________ some of the things she's said, this is polite.7．I could hear voices ________.
8．The volcano ________ and killed all the dinosaurs.
答案：1.make his way 2.appointed 3.suit 4.was burned to the ground 5.waved goodbye to 6.Compared with 7.in the distance 8.eruptedUnit 5 The power of nature
Section Ⅱ Learning about Language
Ⅰ.根据汉语意思，将下列句子补充完整
1．由于生病，我不得不待在家里。
________ ________，I had to stay at home.
2．他把咖啡杯掉在地上，摔得粉碎。
He dropped the coffee cup，________ ________ ________ ________.
3．从山上看，我们发现这湖泊更加漂亮了。
________ ________ ________ ________，we find that the lake looks more beautiful.
4．听到这个消息我们都高兴得跳了起来。
________ ________ ________，we all jumped with joy.
5．杰克完成作业后，外出散步。
________ ________ ________ ________，Jack went out for a walk.
答案：1.Being ill 2.breaking it into pieces 3.Seeing from the hill 4.Hearing the news 5.Having finished his homework
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．________________(warn) against the earthquake, the villagers moved outside to see a film.
2．________________(be) still five years old, he went to Japan with his parents.
3．________________(open) the window, you will see the garden below.
4．He sat at the desk，________________(read) a newspaper.
5．________________(not know) her phone number, we couldn't get in touch with her.
6．While ______________(watch) TV, we heard the doorbell ring.
7．My cousin came to see me from the country, ________________(bring) me a full basket of fresh fruits.
8．Weather ________________(permit), we'll go for a picnic the day after tomorrow.
答案：1.Having been warned 2.Being 3.Opening 4.reading 5.Not knowing 6.watching 7.bringing
8．permitting
Ⅲ.单项填空
1．Don't waste your ________ time chatting online all day long. It's high time you got down to business.
A．miserable B．constant
C．temporary D．precious
答案：D miserable“悲惨的，可怕的”；constant“连续的，不断的”；temporary“暂时的”；precious“宝贵的，珍贵的”，这里指的是宝贵的时间，故选D项。
2．The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ________ the film stars had left.
A．to tell B．to be told
C．telling D．told
答案：B only to do作结果状语时，表示预料之外的结果。句意为“新闻记者匆忙赶到机场，结果却被告知影星已离开了”。
3．Tom was hit on the head by the robber and was knocked ________.
A．uncomfortable B．unconditional
C．unaware D．unconscious
答案：D unconscious“失去知觉的”；knock/beat sb.unconscious“把某人打晕”。uncomfortable“不舒服的”；unconditional“无条件的”；unaware“未察觉的”。
4．Having eaten too much meat, he felt ________ so he had to see a doctor.
A．comfortable B．uncomfortable
C．unforgettable D．unable
答案：B uncomfortable“不舒服的，不舒适的”；句意为“他吃了太多的肉感到不舒服，因此不得不去看医生”。comfortable“舒适的，舒服的”；unforgettable“难忘的，永远记得的”；unable“不能的，不会的”。
5．Unluckily，he was ________ in the battle, for which his mother was in deep sorrow.
A．accused B．shot
C．treated D．assisted
答案：B shoot“射中，射伤”。句意为“不幸的是，他在战斗中牺牲，为此他的母亲悲痛欲绝”。accuse“指责，谴责，控告”；treat“治疗，对待，款待”；assist“帮助，协助，援助”。
6．As the light turned green，I stood for a moment, not ________， and asked myself what I was going to do.
A．moved B．moving
C．has been moved D．being moved
答案：B 句意为“当灯变绿的时候，我在那里站了一会儿，没有动一下，问自己要干什么”，stood和asked是并列关系，I与move之间是主动关系，此处moving是现在分词作伴随状语。
7．As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area ________.
A．need repairing B．needs to repair
C．needs repairing D．need to repair
答案：A 考查动名词作宾语的用法。need后可加动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式，主语是复数形式，故选A项。句意为“由于遭受严重的洪水，这个地区三分之二的建筑需要维修”。
8．________ his homework made his father very angry.
A．The boy's not having finished
B．The boy's having not finished
C．The boy not having finished
D．The boy having not finished
答案：A 非谓语动词的否定形式为：not＋非谓语动词，所以排除B、D两项；动名词复合结构作主语时必须用所有格的形式，不能用宾格或者普通格的形式，所以也可排除C项。
9．It is difficult to imagine his ________ the decision without any consideration.
A．to accept B．accept
C．accepting D．accepted
答案：C 此题考查imagine后用动名词复合结构作宾语。
10．Peter received a letter just now ________ his grandma would come to see him.
A．said B．says
C．saying D．to say
答案：C 考查现在分词作伴随状语的用法。句意为“彼得刚才收到了一封信，信中说他的祖母要来看他”。C项是现在分词作伴随状语，说明letter的情况，排除A项和B项；D项是不定式作目的状语。
Ⅳ.完形填空
Let me take you back a couple of years. Come with me as we relearn a lesson, one that has stuck with me, in my present memory, and __1__ me yet.
We walked into Elida Road Hardware，an old-fashioned hardware __2__ .No automatic door, not a computer in the building. It was one that I went to fairly often. As we entered the door, two sounds __3__ us. The sleigh bells of last year made that sweet, peaceful tinkle as we opened the door. The other sound was the electronic beeper(电子门铃) that reminded Andy of our __4__.
“Good afternoon，Ryan，” __5__ the cheerful acknowledgment.Andy was a very __6__ sort of owner. He was of medium build and height, and the smile on his face welcomed us.
We walked across the old wood floor. Andy asked us what he could help us with.I told him we were __7__ a spring. He very patiently replied, “I have lots of springs. You're going to need to be more __8__.”
“Just a spring for an old-fashioned screen door. ”
“That's it.A screen door spring.Right down there.” We __9__ where he was pointing, and sure enough, there they were. Andy knew his store, and his products. That was why I came here instead of Meijer. The service couldn't be beaten.The price: Yes.But service and __10__： No.
I picked up one and followed him to the __11__.
He __12__ the price, doing the math in his head. “$1.88, with tax comes to $1.99.”
“Put it on my dad's account.”
He nodded and smiled, “Good dad's account.” He chuckled.“I don't know what you boys would do __13__ dad's account ！”
He handed me the ticket and as I __14__ it I asked, “You really trust my signature？”
His reply surprised，__15__ delighted me. “When I can't trust Jerry Hoover's boys, I can trust nobody！”
We left，and the brain __16__ started to forget things, in order of importance. But what Andy said that day rang in my ears.And it rings in my ears today. That's a tall order to live up to. It's a high standard of __17__. My father made a fame for that name, and I get to __18__ the benefits. But on account of this, I __19__ maintain that fame. And that's a(n) __20__ business.
文章大意：我们去五金店买弹簧，由于父亲的好名声，老板Andy对我非常信任，这令我感慨万分。
1．A.inspires B．excites
C．shocks D．amazes
答案：A 结合全文尤其是最后一段内容可知，这深深地鼓舞着(inspire)我，故选A项。
2．A.restaurant B．store
C．park D．factory
答案：B 从下文语境可知，这是一家五金店，故用store。
3．A.hugged B．greeted
C．heard D．sensed
答案：B 我们进门的时候，有两个声音传入耳中，所以用greet表示“传入……的耳中”。
4．A.presence B．dependence
C．importance D．absence
答案：A 另外一个声音提醒店主Andy有顾客来了，所以用presence表示“出现”。
5．A.shouted B．said
C．went D．came
答案：D come在这里表示“声音传来”。
6．A.special B．ridiculous
C．friendly D．appropriate
答案：C 从下文the smile on his face welcomed us提示知，Andy是一位非常友善的(friendly)店主。
7．A.looking up B．looking for
C．looking into D．looking after
答案：B 从语境知，我们告诉他我们在找一个弹簧。
8．A.scientific B．careful
C．specific D．practical
答案：C 从语意知，Andy说他有很多种弹簧，需要我们讲得具体点，故用specific“明确的，具体的”。
9．A.turned to B．got to
C．stuck to D．referred to
答案：A 从上下文知，我们转身朝Andy指的地方走去。turn to表示“转向”。
10．A.description B．determination
C．satisfaction D．imagination
答案：C 我们觉得在Meijer虽然价格可以，但我们对他们的服务和满意度(satisfaction)表示否定。
11．A.corner B．counter
C．bank D．door
答案：B 根据常识可知，买了东西要去柜台(counter)付款。
12．A.put up B．made up
C．took up D．figured up
答案：D 他算了(figured up)价格。根据本段空后的内容可知答案。
13．A.without B．within
C．by D．for
答案：A 我们要求把账算到我父亲的账中，老板Andy笑道，“我不知道如果没有你们父亲的账户的话，你们该怎么办？”所以这里用without。
14．A.saw B．wrote
C．signed D．touched
答案：C 由后面的“You really trust my signature？”可知，我在上面签了名，所以用signed。
15．A.yet B．still
C．even D．also
答案：A 他的回答让我惊讶，但也让我高兴。
16．A.merely B．eventually
C．immediately D．possibly
答案：C 根据上下文语境可知，我们的大脑马上开始忘掉事情，这里表示“立刻，马上”，故用immediately。
17．A.honesty B．fortune
C．consideration D．devotion
答案：A 从下文知，父亲的诚实度非常高。
18．A.realize B．believe
C．use D．enjoy
答案：D 由于父亲的名声，我也享受到了随之而来的好处。
19．A.would B．can
C．may D．must
答案：D 从上下文知，我下决心一定要保持这种好名声，所以用must。
20．A.serious B．optimistic
C．silent D．successful
答案：A 语境表示“这是一件很重要的事”，事关人的名声、人品，所以用serious。
Ⅴ.阅读理解
A Canadian university student has done what Leonardo DaVinci(达·芬奇)had only dreamt of: Piloting a humanpowered“ wing-flapping” plane! Called an ornithopter, and the inspiration for modern-day helicopters, the machine was first sketched by Leonardo da Vinci way back in 1485 and never actually built.
Todd Reichert, an engineering student at the University of Toronto，made history by carrying out the flight in his ornithopter—named Snowbird—for 19.3 seconds and covering 475.72 feet. Snowbird is made from carbon fiber，balsa wood and foam. The 92. 59 pounds vehicle maintained an average speed of 15.91 miles per hour.
Todd and his plane made the accomplishment on August 2,2010, at the Great Lakes Gliding Clum in Tottenham, Ontario. The crew kept the achievement quiet for nearly two months to get the data finalized. Todd and some 30 other students had been working on the plane for 4 years.
Todd endured a year-long exercise program in which he lost 18 lbs，to prepare for the flight. Because the plane has a wingspan of 104 feet—which is comparable to that of a Boeing 737—the pilot had to pedal with his legs all while pulling on the wings to flap at the same time. And he had to do it fast enough to fly!
“Our original goal was to complete this sort of original aeronautical dream to fly like a bird，”said the 28-year-old Reichert yesterday. “The idea was to fly under your own power by flapping your wings.”
The flight, witnessed by the Federation Aeronautique International, is the first officially confirmed flight in an ornithopter.
“Thousands of people have tried to do this for hundreds of years ，”said Reichert. “To be honest, I don't think it's really set in yet that I'm the one who has been successful. I was pushing with everything I had. When I finally let go and landed，I was hit with great excitement. It was pretty wild.”
I bet it was, Todd !
文章大意：本文主要介绍了一位加拿大大学生和他的同伴驾驶人力飞机创造历史的经历以及这次事件的意义。
1. Why was Leonardo da Vinci referred to in the first paragraph?
A．Because he was a famous artist.
B．Because he drew a man-powered plane.
C．Because he built a man-powered plane.
D．Because he flew a man-powered plane.
答案：B 推理判断题。从第一段最后“...the machine was first sketched by Leonardo da Vinci way back in 1485...”可知，作者之所以在第一段提到达·芬奇是因为是他画了一张人力飞机图。
2. For what reason did Todd and other students keep their achievement a secret at first?
A．They wanted to get all the information and checked it.
B．They wanted to be ignored by the public.
C．They wanted to protect the birds there.
D．They wanted to work on the plane wings first.
答案：A 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句中的“The crew kept the achievement quiet for nearly two months to get the data finalized.”可知他们之所以保守成功的秘密是因为他们想先收集并核实完所有信息。
3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The human-powered plane is named Bluebird.
B．Todd and other students spent about two years preparing for the flight.
C．The human-powered plane's wingspan is much larger than a Boeing 737's wingspan.
D．After his success，Todd still remained very modest.
答案：D 正误判断题。A项飞机名字不是Bluebird，而是Snowbird。B项他们在制造飞机上花费的是四年，而不是两年；C项与文中语境“这种人造飞机机翼与波音737的差不多”不符；根据倒数第二段中的“To be honest，I don't think it's really set in yet that I'm the one who has been successful.”可知D项是正确的。
4. What does the passage mainly tell us?
A．A Canadian student makes history by flying a humanpowered plane.
B．Thousands of people were excited when seeing the performance.
C．Todd and other students were devoted to making planes.
D．It is very difficult to fly like a bird in the sky.
答案：A 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一名加拿大学生通过驾驶人力飞机创造历史的情况，故A项最能概括文章大意。
课件65张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 选修6 (通用本)The power of natureUnit 5Section Ⅱ Learning about Language Unit 5Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．__________(n.)候选人；候补者
2．___________(n.)平房；小屋
3．________(n.)台风
4．______________(n.)雷暴
5．________(adj.)贵重的；珍贵的→__________(adv.)昂贵地；仔细地
6．________(n.)小说家→________(n.)小说， 长篇故事
7．________(n.)雾
8．____________(n.)文件；证件candidatebungalowtyphoonthunderstormpreciouspreciouslynovelistnovelfogdocument9．________(n.)彩虹
10．______________(adj.)不舒服的；不舒适的→______________(反义词)
11．________(n.)阳台
12．_______________(adj.)失去知觉的；未察觉的→___________(反义词)
13．________(vt.)射中；射伤→________(n.)射击；枪炮声rainbowuncomfortablecomfortablebalconyunconsciousconsciousshootshotⅡ.短语互译
1．be unconscious of __________________
2．shoot at __________________
3．find out _______________________未意识到……朝……射击查明，弄明白，搞清楚Ⅲ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．We don't allow _________(smoke) here. Especially we don't allow students __________(smoke) here.
2．The window is dirty and wants____________________
(clean)．
3．_____________(give) her opinion about the new building，she left the meeting.
4．_____________________(criticize) by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.
5．The gentleman ________(stand) over there is our principal.smokingto smokecleaning/to be cleanedHaving givenHaving been criticizedstanding1.precious adj.贵重的；珍贵的
①The peacock is a precious bird in the sub-tropical zone.
孔雀是亚热带的珍禽。
②Don't waste precious time talking to him. He's not worth it.
别浪费宝贵的时间跟他交谈，他不值得。
知识拓展
(1)preciously adv.昂贵的
preciousness n．珍贵
(2)同义词：expensive adj.昂贵的比较网站
precious, valuable & priceless①Clean water is precious in that part of the world.
在世界的那个地方，洁净的水是宝贵的东西。
②He made many valuable discoveries in science.
他有很多有价值的科学发现。
③Human life is priceless.
人的生命是无价的。活学活用
汉译英
黄金实际上并不是世界上最珍贵的金属。
_______________________________________________
答案：Gold actually is not the most precious metal in the world.2．unconscious adj.失去知觉的；未察觉的；无意识的
①He injured his head and was unconscious for one hour.
他伤着了头部，一个小时没有知觉。
②That is an unconscious need to be loved.
那是一种无意识的对爱的需求。知识拓展
(1)be unconscious of sb./sth.未察觉……；未意识到……
(2)conscious adj.意识到的；觉察到的
①She may become conscious before morning.
她天亮前可能恢复知觉。
②I suddenly became conscious that someone was looking at me.
我突然意识到有人在看着我。活学活用
(1)After she hit her head she was________for several minutes.
A．absent-minded B．unconscious
C．unaware D．senseless
答案：B 题意：她把头碰了一下后昏迷了几分钟。unconscious表示“无知觉的；昏迷的；不省人事的”。(2)The new worlds Freud explored were inside man himself. For the________mind is like a deep well, full of memories and feelings.
A．conscious B．unconscious
C．aware D．sense
答案：B 题意：弗洛伊德探索的新世界是人自身的内心世界，因为潜意识就像一口深井，装满了各种记忆和情绪。unconscious 表示“(感情、思想等) 无意识的；自然流露的”。3．uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不舒适的；不自在的
①I feel uncomfortable after I have eaten too much.
我吃得太多了，感到不舒服。
②I couldn't sleep well because the bed is uncomfortable.
因为床不舒服，我没睡好。
③There was an uncomfortable silence.
有一种令人不安的寂静。
知识拓展
comfortable adj.舒适的；舒服的
comfort v．安慰；抚慰；宽慰
uncomfortably adv.不舒适地；不舒服地活学活用
用comfort的适当形式填空
(1)________ though he felt, he made his way to the school by himself.
(2)I feel it so ________ to live in such a good house.
(3)I was feeling ________ hot.
(4)The news that our team has won the match ________ us.
答案：(1)Uncomfortable (2)comfortable (3)uncomfortably (4)comforts4．shoot v．射击；射中
①A man was shot in the leg.
一个人被射伤了腿部。
②He shot at the bird, but missed it.
他对着鸟开枪，但没射中。
知识拓展
(1)shoot at向……射击
shoot out抛出；射出；猛地伸出；抽出
shoot up射出；喷出；迅速成长；急升(2)shot n．[C]射击；枪炮声
①Someone took a shot at the wolf.
有人朝那匹狼开枪。
②We heard some shots in the distance.
我们听见远处有几声枪响。
③The striker had/took a shot at goal.
前锋射门。比较网站
shoot与shoot at①He fired and shoot the enemy.
他开了枪并且射中了敌人。
②The new soldier shot at the target, but missed it again.
新兵瞄准靶子射击，但又没有射中。图解助记活学活用
(1)Hearing the sad news, he felt the tears________from his eyes.
A．shooting B．rushing
C．floating D．flowing
答案：A 题意：一听到令人伤心的消息，他就感到泪水从眼中涌了出来。shoot表示“射出；放出；抛出”。(2)The hunter ________ ________ the bear but didn't ________ it.
答案：shot at; shoot1.The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD took the people of Pompeii by surprise.
公元79年维苏威火山的爆发令庞培城的人们大吃一惊。
句中take... by surprise的意思是“使……吃惊”，另外还可作“突然袭击……”解。如：
①The heavy rain took us all by surprise.
这场大雨使我们大家猝不及防。
②We were taken by surprise while sleeping.
我们在睡梦中遭到突袭。知识拓展
(1)in/with surprise 吃惊地
He opened his eyes wide in surprise.
他吃惊地睁大了眼睛。
(2)to one's surprise＝to the surprise of sb. 使某人吃惊的是
Much to my surprise, she failed in the examination.
使我非常吃惊的是，她考试没及格。活学活用
由于受到突袭，这个城镇被人民解放军占领了。
________ ________ ________， the town was seized by PLA men.
答案：Taken by surprise2．I rushed downstairs only to see my hostess lying unconscious on the floor, surrounded by her guests.
我冲到楼下，却意外地发现我的女主人不省人事地躺在地板上，她的客人们围着她。
only to see...为动词不定式，在句中作结果状语；lying unconscious是现在分词作see的宾语补足语；surrounded by her guests为过去分词作伴随状语。
①I walked all the way from home to the library, only to find it closed.
我从家里一路走到图书馆，不料已经关门了。 ②He saw her reading in the classroom.
他看见她正在教室里读书。
③They found themselves surrounded by friends.
他们发现自己被朋友围了起来。
④The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students.
老师进了实验室，随后跟着几个学生。比较网站
only to do/only doing
only后接动词不定式和现在分词都被用作结果状语。图解助记
He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.
他急忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。
He died, only leaving nothing but debts.
他死了，结果只留下了一身债务。活学活用
补全句子
(1)汤姆乘出租车到了机场，发现他要乘坐的飞机已高在天空。
Tom took a taxi to the airport, only ________ ________ his plane high up in the sky.
(2)盘子从他手中掉下来，结果摔成了碎片。
He dropped the plate, ________ ________ it into pieces.
答案：(1)to find (2)only breaking动词-ing形式
一、v.-ing形式的定义与分类
动词的-ing形式是一种非谓语动词。它仍保有动词的特征，可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成短语。
动词的-ing形式包括动名词与现在分词，也可统称为v.-ing形式。动名词在句中用作主语，宾语，表语，定语；而现在分词在句中用作表语、定语、状语与宾语补足语。新课标语法 二、动名词的基本用法
1．动名词作主语
动名词可用作句子的主语。动名词在句中的位置通常有两种，一种位于句首，另一种是用it作形式主语，而将动名词短语移至句末。
It's no good sending him over.
派他去没用。
Smoking does harm to your health.
吸烟对你的健康有害。2．动名词作宾语
动名词可用作某些动词、动词短语及介词的宾语。
Your shoes need repairing.
你的鞋该补了。
The boy admitted stealing the money.
这个孩子承认偷了这笔钱。
(1)常用动名词作宾语的动词及动词短语，我们可以用口诀归纳如下：考虑建议盼原谅(consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon)
承认推迟没得想(admit，delay/put off，fancy)
避免错过继续练(avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practise)
否认完成停能赏(deny，finish，quit，enjoy/appreciate)
不禁介意准逃亡(can't help，mind，allow/permit，escape)
不准冒险凭想像(forbid，risk，imagine)(2)need，want，require，be worth＋doing表示被动意义
The house need repairing.
房子需修理了。
The Great Wall is worth visiting.
长城值得参观。
3．动名词作表语
Her job is cleaning the window.
她的工作是擦窗子。
4．动名词作定语(表用途)
There is some drinking water here.
这儿有一些饮用水。三、现在分词
现在分词可在句中作表语、定语、状语与补足语，本单元只讲现在分词作状语。
现在分词/动词-ing形式作状语时，表示的动作或状态与谓语动词表示的动作或状态是同时或几乎是同时发生的，或是先于谓语动词表示的动作或状态发生，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。动词-ing形式作状语常表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随、让步、结果等，多用逗号同句子其他成分隔开。并且可以转换成相应的状语从句或并列句。1．现在分词(v.-ing)的基本形式Hearing the news, they immediately set off.
听到这个消息，他们立即出发了。
Having written a letter, I listened to music for a while.
写完信后，我听了一会儿音乐。
Having been held back by the traffic jam, she couldn't get there on time.
她被交通阻塞耽搁了，无法准时到达那里。2．现在分词作状语的基本用法
(1)作时间状语。强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，动词-ing形式之前可用连词while或when等。如
Walking in the park, she saw an old friend.
＝ When she was walking in the park, she saw an old friend.
在公园散步时，她看到一个老朋友。
While playing the piano, she got very excited. ＝ While she was playing the piano, she got very excited.
弹钢琴时(过程中)，她变得十分激动。
Having finished their homework, they all went out to play. ＝ After they had finished their homework, they all went out to play.
完成作业后，他们都出去玩了。2．现在分词作状语的基本用法
(1)作时间状语。强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，动词-ing形式之前可用连词while或when等。如
Walking in the park, she saw an old friend.
＝ When she was walking in the park, she saw an old friend.
在公园散步时，她看到一个老朋友。
While playing the piano, she got very excited. ＝ While she was playing the piano, she got very excited.
弹钢琴时(过程中)，她变得十分激动。Having finished their homework, they all went out to play. ＝ After they had finished their homework, they all went out to play.
完成作业后，他们都出去玩了。
(2)作原因状语。相当于原因状语从句。如：
Not recognizing the voice, he refused to give the person his address. ＝ As he didn't recognize the voice，he refused to give the person his address.
因为没听出那个人是谁，他拒绝把自己的地址给他。
Being so angry，he couldn't go to sleep. ＝As he was so angry，he couldn't go to sleep.
因为太生气了，他睡不着。(3)作让步状语。相当于一个让步状语从句。有时动词-ing形式前可带有连词although，even if，even though等。如：
Although working hard from morning till night, he didn't get enough food. ＝ Although he worked from morning till night，he didn't get enough food.
虽然他从早到晚拼命干，但挣的还是不够吃。
Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. ＝ Though he had been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
尽管被告知许多次了，他仍然犯同样的错误。(4)作结果状语。作结果状语时，通常放在句末，用逗号与前面的部分隔开；有时为了突出结果，其前可带thus。如：
She was so angry that she threw the plates on the floor, breaking them into pieces.
她是如此生气以致于把盘子扔在地上，摔得粉碎。
The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus causing the delay.
公共汽车被风雪所阻，因而耽搁了。
(5)作条件状语。作条件状语时，相当于if引导的条件状语从句。如：Taking(＝If you take)the path that leads out of the town，you will come to a dense wood.
如果你沿着通向郊外的小道前进，就会走到一片密林处。
(6)表示方式或伴随情况。这种用法可以用并列复合句或两个简单句代替。如：
They came into the classroom singing and laughing.＝They sang and laughed，and came into the classroom.
他们又唱又笑地走进了教室。
He stood leaning against the wall.＝He stood and leaned against the wall.
他靠墙站着。3．现在分词作状语的注意事项
(1)主语一致
现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语保持一致，否则就要在分词前加上其自身的逻辑主语构成分词的独立结构。
Mary coming back, they discussed that together.
玛丽回来后，他们一起讨论了那件事。
Weather permitting, we shall go there on foot.
天气允许的话，我们就步行去那儿。温馨提示
分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，但不构成语法错误的常见分词(短语)：副词(frankly/generally...)＋speaking, judging from, talking of, considering等。
(2)否定形式
现在分词的否定形式是“not＋现在分词”。
Not knowing how to do it，he had to ask for help.
因为不知道该怎样做，他不得不寻求帮助。
Not having received any reply，he decided to write another letter.
由于没收到任何答复，他决定再写一封信。高考链接
1．(2014·北京·25)The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without ________.
A．recognizing B．being recognized
C．having recognized D．having been recognized
答案：B 考查动名词的用法。recognize“认出”，为及物动词，且与句子主语he构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动形式，而D项表示发生在主句谓语之前的动作，不符合句子语境。句意为：那位电影明星戴着太阳镜。因此，他去购物的时候就不会被人认出来了。2．(2014·江苏·29)The lecture ________， a lively question-and-answer session followed.
A．being given B．having given
C．to be given D．having been given
答案：D 考查非谓语动词。a lively question-and-answer session followed紧跟着是一个问答环节，是句子主干，所以逗号前面部分是要用非谓语动词作状语，the lecture与give之间是被动关系，又give动作发生在follow动作之前，所以要用having been done形式作状语，即表示别动，又强调完成，故选D项。而being given表示被动，动作正在进行，与下文的紧跟一个问答环节矛盾。3．(2014·江西·31)________ nearly all our money, we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel.
A．Having spent B．To spend
C．Spent D．To have spent
答案：A 考查非谓语动词作状语。题意：花光了我们差不多所有的钱，我们住不起旅馆了。动词spend与主语we之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，又动作spent发生在主句动作couldn't afford之前，所以用having done形式作状语，表示主动，强调完成，故选A项。To spent不定式作状语表示目的，spent过去分词作状语表示与主语之间是被动关系，皆不合题意。4．(2013·湖南·25)The sun began to rise in the sky, ________ the mountain in golden light.
A．bathed B．bathing
C．to have bathed D．have bathed
答案：B 考查现在分词短语做伴随状语。题意：太阳从东方升起，整个山沐浴在霞光里。太阳升起时，bathe the mountain in golden light这一动作伴随发生，the sun与bathe之间为主动关系，且句子两部分之间没有连词，所填内容为非谓语，故用现在分词短语做伴随状语。5．(2013·山东·33)________ at the cafeteria before, Tina didn't want to eat there again.
A．Having eaten B．To eat
C．Eat D．Eating
答案：A 本题考查非谓语动词。题意：Tina以前去过这家餐厅，她不想再到那儿吃饭。此处是非谓语动词作状语，根据关键词before可知，此处表示以前的动作，而且与句子的主语之间是主动关系，故用现在分词的完成时态。每空填一词，使该句与所给句子的意思相同。
1．After the scientists had studied the information, they predicted that the lava would flow through the village.
________ ________ ________ ________， the scientists predicted that the lava would flow through the village.
2．Because I had experienced a few earthquakes before，I wasn't frightened.
________ ________ a few earthquakes before，I wasn't frightened.专 项 练 习 3．As I had never seen a volcano erupting before, I was very excited.
________ ________ ________ a volcano erupting before, I was very excited.
4．Because I had spent all night watching the game, I was very tired the next day.
________ ________ all night watching the game, I was very tired the next day.5．As I came out of my house，I saw my father planting trees in the garden.
________ ________ ________ my house, I saw my father planting trees in the garden.
答案：1.Having studied the information 2.Having experienced 3.Never having seen 4.Having spent 5.Coming out ofⅠ.单词拼写
1．Her daughter is the most ________(宝贵的) person to her in the world.
2．The foreign ministers of the two countries signed the ________(文件) yesterday.
3．She still finds it ________(不舒服的) to stand without support.
4．They found him lying ________(失去知觉的) on the floor.5．There were a large number of ________(候选人) for the job.
答案：1.precious 2.document 3.uncomfortable
4．unconscious 5.candidatesⅡ.用现在分词把下列句子转换成简单句
1．The train was caught in heavy snow，which caused the delay.
→_____________________________________________
2．If you work hard，you'll pass the exam.
→_____________________________________________
3．Though I admit what she had said，I don't think that she has tried her best.
→__________________________，I don't think that she has tried her best.4．Because they had been warned by their parents, they didn't dare to go out at night.
→_____________________________________________
5．After she had finished her homework, the little girl went to bed.
→_____________________________________________
6．As I don't know much Japanese，I am afraid I can't express myself clearly.
→_____________________________________________答案：1.The train was caught in heavy snow，thus causing the delay.
2．Working hard，you'll pass the exam.
3．Admitting what she had said
4．Having been warned by their parents, they didn't dare to go out at night.
5．Having finished her homework, the little girl went to bed.
6．Not knowing much Japanese, I am afraid I can't express myself clearly.Unit 5
The power of nature Section Ⅲ Using Language
Ⅰ.选词填空
vary from... to...， glance through， give birth to， have a gift for...，get into a panic， be anxious about， be about to， in the distance， a diversity of...， out of the way
1．I moved my legs ________________ so that she could pass.
2．On a clear day you can see the temple ________________.
3．We ________________ begin our experiment when the supply of electricity was cut off.
4．This nature reserve is home to ________________ rare plants and animals.
5．She ________________ a baby last night.
6．________________ the text and then answer the following questions.
7．The situation ________________ slightly ______________ country ________________ country.
8．The old man ________________ when he found the door was open.
9．She ________________ the safety of her daughter.
10．The boy is very clever and ________________ art.
答案：1.out of the way 2.in the distance 3.were about to
4．a diversity of 5.gave birth to 6.Glance through 7.varies; from; to 8.got into a panic 9.is anxious about 10.has a gift for
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．Every camera we sell comes with a two-year ______.
A．guarantee B．safety
C．promise D．condition
答案：A 题意：我们所销售的每部相机都有两年的保修期。此句的翻译采取了意译的方式。guarantee表示“保修”。
2．He ________ through the magazine and found nothing interesting to read.
A．went B．glanced
C．got D．broke
答案：B 题意：他扫了一眼杂志，发现没有什么有趣的东西可读。glance through“匆匆看一遍”，符合题意。go through“完成；检查”；get through“完成；接通电话”；break through“突破”。
3．He ________ and ran as fast as he could to safety.
A．panicked B．trembled
C．panick D．consumed
答案：A 题意：他很惊慌，以最快的速度跑到安全的地方。panic“惊慌”，过去式为panicked，符合题意。tremble“颤抖”；consume“消费；消耗”。
4．The program deals with subjects as ________ as pop music and Beijing Opera.
A．precise B．constant
C．casual D．diverse
答案：D 题意：节目涉及从流行音乐到京剧这样形形色色的题材。diverse“多种多样的”，符合题意。precise“精确的，准确的”；constant“经常的；不变的”；casual“偶然的；随便的”。
5．There was a(n) ________ moment when the plane suddenly dropped.
A．anxious B．confused
C．keen D．eager
答案：A 题意：当飞机突然间下落时，大家都很不安。anxious“焦虑的；不安的”，符合题意。confused“迷惑的，困惑的”；keen“热心的”；eager“热切的；急切的”，强调渴望或向往。
6．When Christmas finally came, they city ________ a festive atmosphere.
A．was bathed B．was bathed in
C．bathed D．bathed in
答案：B be bathed in“沐浴在……中；被……笼罩”，为固定词组。
7．He had a gift ________ thinking up ways of making political points.
A．for B．in
C．with D．to
答案：A have a gift for“在……方面有天分”，为固定搭配。
8．It is often________that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.
A．said B．to say
C．saying D．being said
答案：A 题意：人们常说，人天生就会说话。It is said that...为固定结构，表示“据说……”。
9．She took her drink to bed and________her book, but it was too much effort to focus on the print.
A．picked out B．picked up
C．made out D．made up
答案：B 题意：她手拿酒杯上了床，抄起书来看，但尽了最大的努力也无法把注意力集中到书本上。 pick up表示“捡起；拾起”。
10．On each side of the street________a lot of trees.
A．stands B．grow
C．is standing D．are grown
答案：B 题意：街道的两侧生长着大量的树木。在倒装句中，谓语动词的形式与其后的主语保持一致。此外，grow 在此用作不及物动词，表示“生长”；例如：Rice does not grow in a cold climate. 稻在寒冷的气候下不能生长。
Ⅲ.完形填空
In some cities, workaholism (废寝忘食工作) is so common that people don't consider it unusual. They accept the lifestyle as __1__. Government workers in Washington，D.C., __2__， frequently work sixty to seventy hours a week. They don't do this because they have to；they do it because they __3__ to. Workaholism can be a __4__ problem. Because true workaholics would rather work than do anything else, they __5__ have no idea of how to relax；that is，they might not __6__ movies，sports, or other types of entertainment. Most of all，they __7__ to sit and do nothing. The lives of workaholics are usually stressful ，and this tension(紧张)and worry can cause __8__ problems such as heart attacks and stomach diseases. __9__， typical workaholics don't pay much attention to their families. Their marriages may end in __10__ as they spend little time with their families.
Is workaholism __11__ dangerous? Perhaps not. There are, certainly, people who work __12__ under stress.Some studies show that many workaholics have great energy and interest in work. They feel __13__ is so pleasurable that they are actually very happy. For most workaholics, work and entertainment are the same thing. Their jobs __14__ them with a challenge; this keeps them busy and creative.
__15__ do workaholics enjoy their jobs so much? There are several __16__ to work. Of course, it provides people with paychecks，and this is important. But it offers __17__ financial security. It provides people with self-confidence(自信心); they have a feeling of satisfaction __18__ they have produced a challenging piece of work and are able to say “I __19__ it”. Psychologists (心理学家) claim that their work gives people an identity (自身价值). After they take part in work, they __20__ a sense of self and individualism.
1．A.strange B．boring
C．pleasant D．normal
答案：D 废寝忘食的工作这种现象是如此普遍，以至于人们认为这种工作方式是正常的。
2．A.for example B．on the other hand
C．what's more D．after all
答案：A 本句是对第一句话进行论证而举的例子。
3．A.agree B．promise
C．dare D．want
答案：D 题意：他们这样工作不是因为他们必须这样而是因为他们愿意。联系上下文意思可知，废寝忘食的工作者没有其他的兴趣爱好，而他们又宁愿工作而不愿无所事事。
4．A.slight B．serious
C．obvious D．difficult
答案：B 下文所举的例子表明废寝忘食的工作可能导致身体上严重的疾病或家庭的破裂。因此可知，这种工作方式有时候会导致很严重的问题。
5．A.still B．probably
C．certainly D．mostly
答案：B 根据下一句所进行的解释中的might可知答案。
6．A.afford B．enjoy
C．watch D．allow
答案：B 横线上所填的是谓语动词，根据其后宾语和上下文的解释可得知答案。
7．A.dream B．decide
C．intend D．hate
答案：D 根据上文的解释，废寝忘食的工作者宁愿工作也不愿无所事事可得知答案。hate doing/to do sth.“不喜欢做某事”。
8．A.physical B．cultural
C．social D．mental
答案：A 下文列举的疾病都是指身体方面的问题。
9．A.Therefore B．However
C．Anyway D．Besides
答案：D 前文所列举的是因废寝忘食地工作导致身体方面的疾病，后文所列举的是因为废寝忘食地工作而导致的家庭方面的问题，这两者之间应是递进关系。
10．A.happiness B．silence
C．failure D. surprise
答案：C 根据空格后面as所引导的原因状语从句和上一句的解释可得知答案。
11．A.sometimes B．always
C．seldom D. hardly
答案：B 上文所列举的例子都是因为废寝忘食工作而引起的不良影响，而下文所举的例子都是一些积极的作用。根据这一点可知，此句既是对上一句的反问，又起承上启下的作用。
12．A.sadly B．differently
C．efficiently D．slowly
答案：C 本题考查在特定语境下使用动词修饰语的能力。sadly“伤心地”；differently“不同地”；slowly“慢慢地”，efficiently“有效率地”。根据下文意思“工作狂”在工作的时候感到精力充沛，兴趣盎然可得知答案。
13．A.study B．family
C．life D. work
答案：D 根据前后句的解释可得知答案。
14．A.equip B．pack
C．provide D．fill
答案：C 根据上文的解释可知，只有工作才能使他们精力旺盛，因为这给他们提供了一个挑战的机会。
15．A.When B．Why
C．How D．Where
答案：B 上文主要阐述的是，很多人喜欢废寝忘食地工作，以及因其所产生的影响，而下文则是解释为什么废寝忘食工作者这么喜欢工作。
16．A.factors B．advantages
C．steps D. ways
答案：B 下文所列举的都是废寝忘食工作带来的积极影响。
17．A.no more B．more or less
C．no more than D. more than
答案：D 根据上下文意思可知，废寝忘食工作不仅能为这些工作者提供资金，而且还能给他们自信。no more“不再……”；more or less“或多或少”；no more than“仅仅”；more than“更多，不仅”。
18．A.when B．before
C．unless D．until
答案：A 本句为一个时间状语从句。当工作能给他们提供一个挑战的机会，而且最后他们能说“我成功了”的时候，他们会有一种成就感。
19．A.valued B．failed
C．caught D．made
答案：D 本题考查固定词组的搭配。make it“成功”。
20．A.give B．lose
C．get D. need
答案：C 此句是对本段大意进行的总结。根据上下文可知，在工作之后，他们能体会到自我成功的价值。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A great effort to discover the fun_ction of every gene in the mouse genome(基因组)looks likely to provide scientists with the final mouse model of human diseases.
The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium(IMPC)(国际小鼠表型联盟)finds that it will take the next ten years to complete its task and it will need about $900 million. But at a meeting on mouse models of human diseases in London, where the project was carried out last week, scientists announced a commitment of $110 million from the US National Institutes of Health (NIH)in Bethesda, Maryland over the next five years.
“The project will explain the genes—it is going to be transformative for biology，” says James Battery, director of the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders.
The IMPC aims to take mice of the same genetic background and create viable (能自行生长发育的) strains in which one of the 20,000 or so genes in the mouse genome is knocked out. The knockout strains will then be put through strict, systematic phenotypic screens, which will check for physical and behavioral differences. The information will be stored in an open database.
Scientists would, for example, be able to turn to the database to learn more about an unfamiliar gene signaled in a genome-wide connection study in humans as being possibly related to a particular disease. Making the mutant(变异的) animal and phenotyping it in a lab could take three years.
According to Battery, the NIH thinks that its investment in the large-scale programme will actually save money in the long run, because it already spends “hundreds of millions of dollars per year” supporting small-scale grants(赠款)for scientists wanting to create their own particular gene of interest.
Mouse “clinics” have appeared quickly around the world to screen mutant mice for heart trouble and to perform secondary screens to examine the changes further. But it is already clear that even this is not enough. Gene expression, and the resultant phenotype, are deeply influenced by environment, and many of these mice are raised in a stressed environment for the purposes of experiments, for example, being_subject to infection or fed high-fat diets. Much more will be learnt by comparing phenotype screens carried out on mutant mice raised in a normal environment, say project scientists.
But the launch of the visionary programme comes at a time of global financial crisis. Some commission's politicians will need a lot of convincing evidence that mouse genomics is more deserving of funds than other scientific projects.
And genome engineer Francis Stewart of the Technical University of Dresden, Germany, says that focusing on the commercial benefits of the project misses the point. “Through the IMPC, we have a historic opportunity to systematically learn everything about a mammal for the first time，”he says. “Let's not lose the vision by sidetracking(岔开)into application issues just to please politicians.”
文章大意：本文是一篇科普文章，主要介绍了国际老鼠表型联盟通过组织研究老鼠的基因组中每个基因的功能，提供给科学家与人类疾病有关的老鼠模型。
1．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A．The mouse genome programme benefits humans if successful.
B．Living conditions have a deep influence on gene expression.
C．Battery thinks the investment in the project will actually save money in the future.
D．IMPC finds that it will take about three years to complete its task.
答案：D 细节理解题。通过第二段第一句中“... finds that it will take the next ten years to complete its task...”可知答案为D项。
2．The underlined phrase “being subject to” in Paragraph 7 means“________”．
A．taking to B．suffering from
C．seeing to D．looking forward to
答案：B 词义猜测题。通过第七段和上下文，可知being subject to意为“使受到，使遭遇”，答案为B项。
3．What's the aim of the IMPC according to the passage?
A．To make mouse “clinics” spread around the world.
B．To gain commercial benefits from the programme.
C．To create viable strains from mice.
D．To apply for fund to please politicians.
答案：C 细节理解题。由文章第四段第一句“The IMPC aims to take mice of same genetic background and create viable(能自行生长发育的)strains in which one of the 20,000 or so genes in the mouse genome is knocked out.”可知答案为C项。
4．Which of the following is the most suitable title for this passage?
A．Mouse project to find each gene's role.
B．How to carry out the mouse project.
C．How to prevent human diseases.
D．More money needs to be raised for the mouse project.
答案：A 主旨大意题。文章讲了通过研究老鼠的每个基因的功能从而为解决人类的疾病提供帮助。A项最为符合文意。
选 做 题(五)
Ⅰ.情景对话
根据对话情景和内容，从对话后所给的选项中选出能填入每一空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两个为多余选项。
A：Oh, Christina, is that you? How have you been?
B：I've been okay. I've just been busy with school. We really should get together and have a chat. __1__
A：I'd love to, but I'm leaving for Miami at 8 tonight for my elder brother's wedding ceremony on Saturday morning.
B：__2__ I hope that you have a nice time there.
A：Well, what are you doing now? Maybe we can go to the coffee shop and chat for a while.
B：I really wish I could. __3__
A：Tennis court？__4__
B：I'm taking tennis lessons. My roommate is on a tennis team, and she's gotten me interested in the sport.__5__
A：A little, but I haven't played for years. When I come back from my trip, I'll join you in taking lessons.
B：It's a deal! Just give me a call when you get back.
A．I didn't know you could play tennis.
B．But I'm on my way to the tennis court.
C．Congratulations!
D．Do you know how to play?
E．Have a good time!
F．How about joining me for dinner tonight?
G．Do you play well?
答案：1～5 FCBAD
Ⅱ.短文改错
此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾(√)；如有错误(每行只有一个错误)，则按下列情况改正：该行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线(/)划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。
该行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。
该行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
注意：原行没有错的不要改。
Today is Sunday, I didn't get up early as usually. In the1.________
morning after I finished my homework, I did washing.2.________
Then I telephoned one of my classmate and invited him3.________
to see a film. And unluckily, when we got to the cinema4.________
at 3：00 p．m. we found all the tickets had sold out. 5.________
Then we went back to school and played the football. 6.________
After this, when we were about to go home , we saw our7.________
English teacher, Mr.Wang, came into the school gate 8.________
he told us we have made great progress in English this term 9.________
He also suggested that we should read more and wrote more.
We promised him that we would take his advice. 10.________
答案：1.usually—usual 2.did后加some 3.classmate—classmates 4.And—But 5.had后加been 6.the去掉 7.√ 8.came—coming 9.have—had 10.wrote—write
Ⅲ.任务型读写
阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
It is not easy to find true friends. Even if you've connected with someone, how do you really know he is a true friend? And often you will find that someone who you thought you could trust may have let you down. There are ways you can know if a friendship is true and how you can hold onto that friend.
Generally speaking, a true friend is someone who will be there for you no matter what happens. They will stand by you through bad and good times. They will accept you for who you are without trying to change you, and they will be there to help you grow in new ways.
A true friend will keep you secrets for you trust him. They will be honest and be someone you can depend on. They will listen and be someone you can talk things over with, even if they may not have advice to share with you.
However, friendship is a two-way street. To find true friends and keep them, you must in turn be the same as well. Be there for them in their hard times and share the good times with them. Be someone your friends can depend on as well and offer them the same thing they give to you. A friendship will fall apart fast if only one person is giving and putting all the effort. If you are the only one making an effort, be honest and it works.
Actually, there will be barriers in the road but that is the test of true friendship. If it can survive those barriers, it will be stronger and better than ever. Just as St Thomas Aquinas put it, “There is nothing on this earth more prized than friendship.”
Find a True Friend
The writer's (1)________on friends
●True friends (2)________ come by nowadays.
●Those who you regarded as your friends may make you down.
Characteristics of true friendship
●A true friend will(3)________ you whatever happens.
●A true friend will keep your secrets and be a good(4)________．
(5)________ to hold friendship
●(6)________ with your friends when they are in trouble.
●Be someone who your friends can(7)________．
●(8)________ is the key to keep a friendship if you are the only one making efforts.
(9)________
●True friendship can stand up to various
(10)________ and grow stronger and better.
答案：1.opinions/ideas/views 2.hardly/rarely/seldom
3．support 4.listener 5.Ways 6.Stay/Be 7.trust
8．Honesty 9.Conclusion 10.barriers/tests
Ⅳ.六选五
根据短文内容， 从以下选项中为每段选出最佳的段落大意。选项中有一项是多余项。
A．Time can run out.
B．Tomorrow won't be better.
C．Ideas need time to develop.
D．Your professor will be impatient.
E．You blow off your chances for help.
F．You are probably overestimating (高估) the pain.
Never Put off Tomorrow What You Can Do Today
Want to put off studying for the physics test? Or writing that thirty-five-page research paper on future uses of biotechnology? Sure you do? And who wouldn't? But it's still a silly idea to put off doing something until a future time. Here is why ....
1．________ The task will be still the same. It won't be any more fun and you still won't want to do it. As the deadline gets closer and closer, the task seems to become larger and larger if you haven't started the work. And the stress increases. Now not only do you have to write that paper, you have to do it under great pressure.
2．________ Before you start, it seems that the task is unlikely to be accomplished. But you know what? You're probably miscalculating. Get started-maybe on a small piece-and you will discover that you have more resources and know more about the subject than you thought. Result? You won't experience nearly as much suffering as you expected to. Things are guaranteed—100 percent— to get better.
3．________ If you leave your work before the night before it's due, you give up the possibility of getting input from your professor. Professors regularly give advice—or at least a few useful tips—during office hours. Unfortunately, though, they don't usually hold office hours at midnight, so you will be out of luck when you discover the night before the midterm that you have no idea how to do the questions that will count for two-thirds of your grade.
4．________ Ever wonder why the professor assigns the papers two weeks before it's due? It's because he or she expects you to be thinking about the issue, or doing the research, for two weeks. No, not every waking moment, but at least some of the time. After all, the professor could just as easily have given the assignment one week before it was due if he or she expected less thinking. When you throw together a paper or a report at the last minute, your ideas are half-baked. And your professor will know it.
5．________ If you put things off at the last minute, you might find that you haven't budgeted enough minutes to finish the necessary tasks. It's the easiest thing in the world to miscalculate how long it'll take to do all the work especially when new issues arise—like illness, family problems, computer breakdowns, trouble at work, and all the other things—as you're thinking through your paper argument or preparing yourself for the coming test. If you keep delaying, you don't allow yourself time for those various life events that have an adverse (不利的) effect on your ability to complete your assignment.
答案：1～5 BFECA
Ⅴ.阅读表达
阅读下面的短文，请根据短文后的要求答题(请注意问题后的字数要求)
Most people think that making a film is exciting. In fact, sometimes it is and sometimes it isn't. Earlier this year, I worked in a new film. It was about a bomb threat on a big British ship. Two hundred people were needed to act as the passengers in the film. I was one of them. Before we left, we were wanted to bring some warm clothes. These were necessary because the ship was going to spend the whole 16 days sailing in bad weather. Then the day came and we sailed out of Dover. The boat had on board the film crew, the director, the actors and actresses including Brinksley Meers, who acted the leading role, and us-200 amateur extras. People came for different purposes. Some wanted to meet Brinksley Meers in person. Others were curious to see how a film was made. A housewife with her three children came for free holiday and a bit of adventure. During the voyage, a lot of people were very seasick. And although the work was very interesting, it was also very hard. We often worked all day on one scene, performing it again and again under the hot lights. In the evenings, there were drinks in the bar, but most people were so tired that they went to bed early. The next day often began at 6：30 in the morning, sometimes with breakfast being filmed. When the ship finally returned to port, most people had enjoyed the trip, but were also so tired that they at least needed a week's holiday.
1．Which role did the author act in the film? (not more than 5 words)
_________________________________________________________________
2．Why the film crew were asked to bring some warm clothes? ( not more than 15 words)
_________________________________________________________________
3．Who acted the leading role? ( not more than 2 words)
_________________________________________________________________
4．Why the author said they at least needed a week's holiday? ( not more than 5 words)
_________________________________________________________________
5．Can you infer author's purpose of writing this article? ( not more than 15 words)
_________________________________________________________________
答案：1.A passenger.
2．The ship was going to spend the whole 16 days sailing in bad weather.
3．Brinksley.
4．They were very tired.
5．He wanted to tell us making a film wasn't just exciting. It may be tiring.
课件70张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 选修6 (通用本)The power of natureUnit 5Section Ⅲ Using LanguageUnit 5Ⅰ.根据词性及汉语写出单词或其拓展形式
1．____________(n.)候选人；候补者
2．__________(adj.)贵重的；珍贵的
3．novel(n.)小说→________(n.)小说家
4．shoot(vt.)射中；射伤→________(n.)射击；枪炮声
5．________(vi.)摇晃；摇动：颤抖
6．anxious(adj.)忧虑的；不安的→________(n.)担心；焦虑；渴望
7．________(v.& n．)惊慌candidatepreciousnovelistshottrembleanxietypanic8．bathe(vi.)洗澡；游泳→________(n.)洗澡；游泳
9．appreciate(vt.)欣赏；感激→____________(n.)欣赏；感激；感谢
10．___________(vt.)保证；担保guaranteeappreciationbathⅡ.短语互译
1．draw up ________________
2．take... by surprise ____________________
3．make one's way ________________
4．glance through ________________
5．vary from... to... ____________________
6．________________ 是……的栖息地
7．________________ 奖赏……
8．________________ 生产/生育……
9．________________ 有……的天赋停下来；起草出乎某人的意料前往匆匆看一遍由……到……不等be home tobe rewarded withgive birth tohave a gift forⅢ.预读理解
1．Which of the following best expresses the main idea of Paragraph 1?
A．Changbaishan is in Jilin Province, Northeast China.
B．Changbaishan is China's largest nature reserve.
C．Many people come to Changbaishan to study the unique plants and animals.
D．The most popular attraction in the reserve is the Lake of Heaven.2．Why is Changbaishan the home to a great diversity of plants and animals?
A．Much of the area is thick forest.
B．There are less people living there.
C．The height of the land varies greatly.
D．The climate is suitable for plants and animals.3．Tianchi may get its name from ________.
A．the crater of a dead volcano
B．its depth
C．its crystal clear waters
D．its height above sea level
4．Which is NOT mentioned in this text?
A．Hot springs.
B．The waterfalls.
C．The sixteen mountain peaks.
D．The famous fairytale.5．From the passage, we can infer ________.
A．many visitors drop coins into Tianchi to express their good wishes
B．the rare animals will decrease because of many visitors
C．the waters of Tianchi will not be so clear in the future
D．Changbaishan may erupt in the side of the mountain
答案：1～5 BCDAA1.tremble vi.摇晃，摇动；颤抖
①Her voice trembled with excitement.
她激动得声音颤抖。
②His lip started to tremble and then he started to cry.
他的嘴唇开始颤抖，接着哭了起来。
知识拓展
tremble with/at...因……而颤抖
tremble for...为……而焦虑
He trembled with cold.
他冷得发抖。 比较网站活学活用
用tremble或shake的恰当形式填空
(1)Her voice ________ with anger.
(2)His heavy steps ________ the room.
答案：(1)trembled (2)shook2．anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的；渴望的；热切的
①Helen is anxious about traveling on her own.
海伦对自己一个人出门旅行感到担心。
②Peggy is anxious to show that she can cope with extra responsibility.
佩吉急切地想表明她能承担额外的职责。
③They were anxious that aid should be sent there quickly.
他们盼望援助物品迅速送到那里。
注意：anxious后接that从句时，从句中谓语动词需用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”形式。知识拓展
(1)anxiety n．担心；焦虑；渴望
(2)be anxious for/about...担心/挂念……
be anxious for渴望，盼望
be anxious to do渴望做……
be anxious for sb. to do sth.渴望某人做某事
①He was waiting for his brother's return with anxiety.
他焦虑地等待着弟弟的归来。
②She expressed anxiety for a new dictionary.
她渴望得到一本新字典。③We are anxious about her safety.
我们为她的安全担心。
④I am anxious to know the result of the final exam.
我急着想知道期末考试成绩。比较网站
anxious，eager①I was anxious about the children when they didn't come back home from school on time.
孩子们放学后没有按时回家时，我非常担心他们。
②She is eager to go to college, but anxious about the Entrance Examination to College.
她渴望上大学，但又担心大学入学考试。活学活用
补全句子
(1)杰克把所有东西装在箱子里，急于离开。
Jack packed all the things into a case, ________ ________ ________.
(2)布莱克夫人急于离开，因为她渴望见到回国的儿子。
Mrs Black was ________ ________ ________ as soon as possible because she was ________ ________ meet her son, who came from abroad.
答案：(1)anxious to leave (2)anxious to leave; eager to3．panic vi.&vt.惊慌 n．惊慌；恐慌
①The crowd panicked at the sound of the explosion.
听到爆炸声，人群惊慌起来。
②The gunfire panicked the baby.
枪声使婴儿受到了惊吓。
注意：panic后面要加k后再加-ed或-ing，构成过去式/过去分词或现在分词。
③There's no panic; we've got plenty of time.
不用着急，我们有充足的时间。知识拓展
get into a panic陷入恐慌(动作)
in a panic陷入恐慌(状态)
in a state of panic惊恐万分
panic over对……感到恐慌
①She got into a real panic when she thought she'd lost the tickets.
当她以为自己把入场券丢了的时候，她十分惊慌。
②The crowd ran out in panic.
人群惊恐地跑散了。③The boy is in a state of panic. Try to help him cool down.
这个男孩惊恐万分，努力帮他平静下来。
④The animals panicked over the forest fire.
动物们对森林大火感到恐慌。活学活用
补全句子
(1)对考试惊慌失措是没有用的。
There is no point ________ ________ ________ ________ about the exams.
(2)“汤米，快跑，房子着火了！”母亲大声喊着，声音中透着明显的惊慌。
“Tommy，run！Be quick! The house is on fire！”the mother shouted, with ________ clearly in her voice.
答案：(1)getting into a panic (2)panic4．appreciation n．欣赏；感激；感谢
①She can show much appreciation of good music.
她能感到美好音乐的妙处。
②The crowd cheered in appreciation.人群高声赞叹。
③To show our appreciation for all your hard work，we'd like to give you a bonus.
为了对你的辛勤工作表示感谢，我们要给你发奖金。
知识拓展
(1) have an appreciation of对……有欣赏力
express one's appreciation for因……表示感激
in appreciation of作为对……的感谢；为感谢……(2)appreciate vt.感谢；欣赏
appreciate (one's) doing sth. / sth.感激(某人)干某事/某事
appreciate (doing) sth.欣赏(干)某事
I would appreciate it if...如果……，我将不胜感激。
①Lang Lang has a keen appreciation of music.
郎朗对音乐有敏锐的欣赏力。
②I appreciate your timely help.
我感谢你的及时帮助。
③I would appreciate it if you can attend my birthday party.
如果你来参加我的生日聚会，我将不胜感激。活学活用
用appreciate的正确派生词填空
(1)I think that young children often ________ modern pictures better than anyone else.
(2)Please accept this gift in ________ of all you've done for us.
(3)She was deeply ________ of your help.
(4)She shows little ________ of good music.
答案：(1)appreciate (2)appreciation (3)appreciative
(4)appreciation5．guarantee vt. & n. 保证；确保；担保
①They guaranteed their workers regular employment.
他们对工人保证会长期雇用他们。
＝They guaranteed regular employment to their workers.
②Wealth is not always a guarantee of happiness.
财富并不总是幸福的保证。知识拓展
guarantee to do保证做某事
be guaranteed to do sth.肯定会做某事；必定会做某事
under guarantee在保修期内
①I guarantee to pay off his debt.
我保证付清他的债务。
②Don't worry, my new computer is still under guarantee.
别着急，我的新电脑还在保修期内。活学活用
(1)补全句子
如果第一年内坏了的话，我们保证免费维修。
Should it break down within the first year, we would ________ ________ ________ ________ free of charge.
(2)Buying a train ticket two days ahead of time will usually ________ you a good seat.
A．have B．gather
C．guarantee D．make
答案：(1)guarantee to repair it
(2)C 题意：提前两天买火车票通常会保证你能有个好座位。guarantee sb. sth.意为“保证某人得到……”。1.glance through匆匆看一遍；浏览
①The students glanced through the answers.
学生们匆匆看了一遍答案。
②He asked if he might glance through my album.
他问他是否可以浏览一下我的影集。
知识拓展
(1)glance at看一下
glance over粗略一看；浏览(2)at first glance乍一看；乍看之下
give/take a glance at对……匆匆一看
①He fell in love with the beautiful girl at first glance。
他第一眼就爱上了这个漂亮的女孩。
②Let's take a glance at the sports news on the Internet.
让我们看一下网上的体育新闻吧。
③I could see at a glance that it wasn't his own work.
我一眼就能看出这不是他本人的作品。活学活用
补全句子
他经常在吃早餐期间浏览报纸。
He often ________ ________ newspapers during breakfast.
答案：glances through2．vary from... to...由……到……不等
①Teaching methods vary greatly from teacher to teacher.
老师之间的教学方法不一样。
②The weather varies from day to day.
天气一天天变化。
③His health varies from good to rather weak.
他的健康状况变化不定。知识拓展
(1)vary in sth. 在……方面不同，有差异
vary with sth. 随……变化
(2)variety n. 品种，多样化
a variety of＝varieties of 各种各样的
(3)various adj. 各种各样的，各种不同的
①Prices of fruit and vegetables often vary with the season.
水果和蔬菜的价格常随季节变化。
②There are varieties of/various flowers in the garden.
花园里有各种各样的花。
③People like to live a life full of variety.
人们喜欢过丰富多彩的生活。活学活用
(1)补全句子
由于各种原因，他没有被邀请参加春晚。
For ________ ________ ________ reasons, he wasn't invited to the Spring Festival Gala.
(2)汉译英
这些孩子的身高由100厘米到120厘米不等。
__________________________________________________
答案：(1)a variety of (2)These kids vary in height from 100cm to 120cm.3．be home to...是……的栖息地；原产地
①Brooklyn is home to people of many different cultures and backgrounds.
布鲁克林区居住着许多不同文化、不同背景的人。
②Our earth is home to all the animals.
我们的地球是所有动物的家园。知识拓展
at home and abroad国内外
back home回家/回国
be/feel/look at home舒适自在；无拘束
①We do many things to make her feel at home.
我们尽可能让伊莉安娜觉得像在自己家里一样。
②Tsinghua University enjoys a long history with at home and abroad.
清华大学是一所历史悠久，享誉中外的高等学府。活学活用
(1)澳大利亚是袋鼠的原产地。
Australia ________ ________ ________ kangaroos.
(2)你必须让客人觉得舒适自在。
You must ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：(1)is home to (2)make your guests feel at home4．have a gift for 具有某种禀赋或天分
①You have a marvelous gift for science.
你很有科学方面的天赋。
②He has a gift for music, though his math is not very good.
尽管他数学不太好，在音乐上却很有天分。知识拓展
have a talent for sth.有……的天赋
have a gift for music/art有音乐/艺术天赋
have a gift for doing有做某事的天赋
gifted adj.有天赋的
a gifted child有天赋的孩子
The gifted young scientist was much in the public eye.
那位有才华的青年科学家很为人们所注意。活学活用
(1)He is named David, who has a gift ________ music and hopes to work ________ a musician.
A．of; for B．for; as
C．for; as D．of; with
(2)汉译英
非常明显他有艺术天赋。
__________________________________________________
答案：(1)B have a gift for“有……的天赋”；as a musician “做一名音乐家”。
(2)It is very clear that he has a gift for art.1.Among the rare animals are cranes, black bears, leopards and tigers.
珍稀动物有白鹤、黑熊、豹子和虎。
为了使上下文紧密衔接，本句话把表语among the rare animals置于句首，句子的主语和谓语采用了完全倒装结构。在英语中，如果主语较长或句子结构较复杂，担任表语的形容词、分词、不定式、介词短语或副词等可以置于句首，采用完全倒装结构。①Gone are the days when he was looked down upon.
他被人瞧不起的日子已经一去不复返了。
②In the armchair lay a cat, half asleep.
一只猫躺在椅子上，半睡半醒。
③Standing around the teacher were her students.
老师周围站着的都是她的学生。
④Also discussed were the problems we had met with in our studies.
同时还讨论了我们在学习中碰到的问题。
⑤First to unfold was the map of the world.
首先要打开的是世界地图。温馨提示
如果主语是代词，主谓则不倒装。如：
Out they rushed.
他们冲了出去。活学活用
补全句子
(1)山脚下有个村庄。
At the foot of the mountain ________ ________ ________.
(2)片刻沉寂之后，人们同时高声呐喊起来。
For a moment nothing happened. Then ________ ________ all shouting together.
答案：(1)lies a village (2)came voices2．When you arrive you are rewarded not only with the sight of its clear waters, but also by the view of the other sixteen mountain peaks that surround Tianchi.
你一到达山顶就会得到回报——你不仅可以看到天池那清澈如镜的湖水，而且还可以看到天池四周的16座山峰。
when引导时间状语从句，that引导定语从句。句中含有not only... but also...结构，该结构意为“不仅……而且……”。其中also可以省略。该结构用于连接两个并列成分。
He not only teaches in a college but also hosts talk shows.
他不但在大学教书，还在主持脱口秀节目。知识拓展
(1)not only... but also...连接两个分句，并且not only位于句首时，第一个分句要部分倒装。如：
Not only did he complain about the food, but also he refused to pay for it.
他不仅抱怨饭不好，而且拒绝付钱。
(2)not only... but also...连接两个名词/代词作主语时，谓语动词要和离其最近的名词/代词在人称和数上保持一致。如：
Not only you but also she has to attend the ceremony.
不仅是你，她也得参加典礼。(3)not only A but also B＝B as well as A。前者的强调重点在B，后者的强调重点也在B。如：
Franklin was considered not only an inventor, but also a statesman.
＝Franklin was considered a statesman as well as an inventor.
富兰克林不仅被看作是一个发明家，还被看作是一个政治家。活学活用
补全句子
他们不仅在家里吵，还在办公室里吵。
They quarrel with each other ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ in the office.
答案：not only at home but also3．It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.
据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。
该句为主从复合句。It is said that...意为“据说……”，其中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句，该从句中又含有who引导的定语从句，该定语从句修饰this boy。It is said that...中said还可换为其他动词，如believed, hoped, reported, learned, predicted等。如：①It is believed that John will help us with some money.
大家都相信约翰会给我们一些金钱上的帮助。
②It is hoped that it won't rain on our camping day.
大家都希望露营那天别下雨。知识拓展
It is thought that...大家认为……
It is believed that...人们相信……
It is hoped that...人们希望……
It is reported that...据报道……
It is well known that...众所周知……
It is generally considered that...大家认为……
It is supposed that...据推测……注意：此结构可转换为：sb. is/are＋过去分词＋to do sth.，但是hope，suggest不可用于此结构。
It is said that he has gone abroad.
→He is said to have gone abroad.
据说他出国了。活学活用
补全句子
(1)He is said ________ ________ ________(学习) abroad, but I don't know which country he studied in.(study)
(2)________ ________ ________(规定) in the school rules that all the students should wear school uniform every Monday morning. (require)
答案：(1)to have studied (2)It is required如何描述旅游景点
旅游景点介绍实质上是说明文的一种，所以它首先要具备说明文的特点，即要按照一定的结构顺序(时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序等)和模式(先总后分、由整体到局部、由概述到细节)来展开描写。其次，要重点突出，详略得当。写作时不一定要面面俱到，要重点描写该旅游景点的特别之处，突出其特色(如其独特的风景特色、历史典故、地理风貌、风土人情、传说故事、民族习俗或名胜古迹等)，这样才能给读者留下深刻的印象。最后，语言要生动，富有感染力，使读者有身临其境之感且产生强烈的旅游欲望。写 作 指 导常用句式：
... is located/situated in...
... stands/lies in the east...
... covers an area of...
... is surrounded by...
... has a population of...
... is a．.. with a population of...
... has a history of...
... is rich in...
... is famous for...
... is home to...现在，越来越多的大陆游客可以赴台旅游，而日月潭作为台湾的主要景点，很多人并不真正了解，请按照以下要点提示，写一篇介绍日月潭(Sun Moon Lake)的英语短文。
1．日月潭位于台湾的南投县，是台湾最著名的风景区，也是台湾最大的天然湖泊。
2．日月潭处在山地与西部平原之间，受3000万年前喜马拉雅(the Himalayas)造山运动的影响，由玉山(Mt.Yu)和阿里山(Mt.A－li)之间的断裂(ruptured)盆地积水而成。话 题 导 入3．湖中央有一岛屿把湖分成两部分，湖的东北部分圆圆的像太阳，而湖的西南部分弯弯的像月牙，故为日月潭。参考范文
Sun Moon Lake
Sun Moon Lake is located in Nantou County, Taiwan Province. Sun Moon Lake is the largest natural lake as well as the most well-known scenic spot in Taiwan.
Do you know how its name came into being? In the middle of the lake(between the “sun” and the “moon”)is an island, which divides the lake into two parts. The northeastern part of the lake is round like the sun，while the southwestern part is shaped like the moon. So it is called “Sun Moon Lake”．①Between the mountainous region and the western plain lies Sun Moon Lake, which was greatly affected by the mountain-making movement of the Himalayas 30,000,000 years ago. ②Besides，the constant water, which was caused by the ruptured basins between Mt. A-li and Mt. Yu, created present Sun Moon Lake.
It is such a wonderful place. Why not try a visit?
名师点评
亮点一：题目简洁明了，直奔主题，让读者一看就知道要介绍什么地方。亮点二：①②句使用了非限制性定语从句，而且①句使用了全部倒装，显示了作者对语言的超强驾驭能力。
亮点三：最后的“It is such a wonderful place. Why not try a visit？”很有鼓动性。Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Opinions ________(不同) from individual to individual.
2．There is a ________(多样性) of choice in education.
3．My time is p________. I can only spare you a few minutes.
4．The badly-wounded soldier was u________ from his loss of too much blood.
5．I used to be a________ about my child when it was time for him to come back home but he didn't.
6．In order to make their shops popular, many shopkeepers g________ satisfaction to customers.7．We don't know a________ that the project will succeed，but we can do our best.
8．The protests became more violent and many people were p________ into leaving the country.
9．The chairman asked me to express our a________ of all your help.
10．It can be difficult to e________ the effectiveness of different treatments.
答案：1.vary 2.diversity 3.precious 4.unconscious
5．anxious 6.guarantee 7.absolutely 8.panicked 9.appreciation 10.evaluateⅡ.用适当的介词或副词填空
1．The heights of the plants vary ________ 8 cm to 20 cm.
2．The Rockies are home ________ bears and mountain lions.
3．It was the study of history that gave birth ________ the social sciences.
4．He was a kind man, with a gift ________ forming lasting friendships.
5．He picked his cap ________ from the floor and stuck it back on his head.
6．The team have worked hard and their efforts have been rewarded ________ success.7．Could you glance ________ this letter and see if it's all right?
8．The beach is bathed ________ sunshine.
9．The nature reserve is still kept ________ its natural state.
10．The lake is 2,194 metres ________ sea level.
答案：1.from 2.to 3.to 4.for 5.up 6.with 7.through 8.in 9.in 10.above课件8张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 必修6(通用本) The power of natureUnit 5The violence of nature
What is a tornado?
A tornado is a rotating (旋转的) column of air from a thunderstorm to the ground. The most violent have winds of more than 400 kilometres per hour. Almost all of them occur in the US，in the area from Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the north.Tornadoes can pick up cars, trains and even houses and put them down in the next street，or even in the next town. They can take the fur off the back of a cat and the feathers off a chicken. They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.
①On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year，causing about 80 deaths and over 1,500 injuries. The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925 ，affecting three US states: Missouri，Illinois and Indiana. ②By the time it ended, about 700 people had been killed and more than 2,000 had been injured.What is a hurricane?
Hurricanes are strong tropical (热带的) storms, and they usually occur in the southern Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. There are violent winds of 120 kilometres per hour or more, which cause huge waves, heavy rain and floods. There are on average six Atlantic hurricanes each year and they usually affect the east coast of the US from Texas to Maine.The worst hurricane disaster of all time occurred on the 8th September, 1900 in Galveston, Texas. Winds of about 200 kilometres per hour and five-metre high waves hit the city. The disaster killed 6,000 people in a population of 37,000 and destroyed 3,600 buildings.佳句仿写
1．公共汽车被风雾所阻，因而耽搁了。
The bus was held up by the snowstorm, ________ ________ ________ ________.
2．到去年年底他们已建造了三艘船。
By last December three ships ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：1.thus causing the delay 2.had been built by themUnit 5 综合技能测试
时间：120分钟，满分：150分
第一部分：听力(共两节；满分30分)
第二部分：基础知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节：单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
21．—How was Robert's cooking?
—Oh，pretty good.I was quite ________.
A．admired B．interested
C．impressed D．inspired
答案：C be impressed“(对……)印象深刻的”，此处指Robert的厨艺给我留下深刻的印象，符合题意。
22．—Dad，there is a snake at the gate crawling this way.
—Don't ________，boys；there's no danger.
A．afraid B．frighten
C．terrify D．panic
答案：D panic强调受惊吓的程度之深。afraid为形容词；frighten和terrify侧重害怕，但不一定是受惊吓所致。
23．________ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.
A．Not realized B．Not to realize
C．Not realizing D．Not to have realized
答案：C 句意：没有意识到自己处境非常危险，埃里克走进了森林深处。本题考查现在分词担任原因状语，相当于原因状语从句Because he didn't realized that he was in great danger。
24．The region which had been relatively calm erupted ______ violence again last week.
A．to B．with
C．at D．into
答案：D erupt into...“突然发生……”。题意：上周，这个一直以来相对平静的地区突然再次发生了暴力事件。
25．As is well known，Dragon Boat Festival and the custom of eating rice dumplings are ________ to us Chinese.
A．typical B．unique
C．alone D．special
答案：B 题意：众所周知，端午节和吃粽子的风俗是我们中国人特有的。unique“唯一的；独一无二的”，符合题意。
26．It is all agreed that a good education doesn't ________ a good job.
A．guarantee B．result
C．depend D．swear
答案：A 题意：大家普遍认为接受良好的教育并不能保证得到一份好工作。guarantee“保证；担保”。result“结果”；depend“依靠”；swear“发誓”。
27．To the joy of the parents，their only son is now ________ to achieve his goal.
A．making every effort B．making all effort
C．make an effort D．sparing no efforts
答案：A 由now可知应用进行时，排除C项；make every effort to do“努力做某事”。make all efforts to do“努力做某事”；spare no effort to do“不遗余力地做某事”。
28．Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to________some schools for poor children.
A．set up B．setting up
C．have set up D．having set up
答案：B 句意：里德先生决定把所拥有的一切捐给部分学校里的贫困学生。he had为定语从句，主句使用的是句型devote...to...，在这个句型中to是介词，后接名词或动名词作宾语。
29．—How are you getting along ________？
—Very busy.I always work until ________ into the night.
A．late; lately B．latter; late
C．lately; late D．later; later
答案：C lately相当于recently，意为“最近”；late/deep into the night意为“深夜”，为固定搭配。
30．We students，________ the future of our motherland，should devote all our ________ to our studies to make our dreams come true.
A．compared with; powers
B．comparing to; strengths
C．are compared to; energies
D．compared to; energies
答案：D 从句子结构上看，第一个空用分词短语作后置定语，We students与compare存在逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词；第二空energies表示“精力”，而power与strength均无此意，故D项正确。
31．Something as simple as________some cold water may clear your mind and relieve pressure.
A．to drink B．drinking
C．to be drinking D．drunk
答案：B 本题题意：诸如喝凉水这般简单的事物可以使人心境清宁，压力解除。本题考查动名词短语担任介词as的宾语。注意：as simple as drinking some cold water在句中担任后置定语修饰主语something，相当于定语从句that is as simple as drinking some cold water.
32．—I heard one of his ________ paintings was sold at a very high price.
—Yes，a wealthy man bought it for 100,000 dollars；anyway，he is world？famous.
A．valueless B．precious
C．single D．secret
答案：B precious“珍贵的”；valueless“无价值的”；single“单独的”；secret“秘密的”。
33．John wanted to come at 4 a．m., which didn't________me at all.
A．fit B．met
C．suit D．match
答案：C 句意：约翰要清晨四时来，这根本不符合我的意愿。suit表示“合(某人)心意”。
34．He was on the point of starting out________Harran cut in.
A．while B．when
C．as D．although
答案：B 句意：他正预备出发，就给哈伦打断了。when用作并列连词，表示“其时；当时；当场”。
35．To our great ________，Geoffrey's illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared.
A．anxiety B．relief
C．view D．judgment
答案：B anxiety焦虑；relief放松，放心；view观点；judgment判断。由题干后半句可知选B项。to one's relief“令人如释重负的是”是固定短语。
第二节：完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36～55各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)，选出最佳选项。
After lunch, without permission from parents, the two boys set off to explore the part of the beach which lay beyond the headland (陆岬，伸出海面的尖形高地). They had persuaded their young sister to __36__， saying that the long walk would be too __37__ for her. Once they had got in the head land, the beach reached away endlessly before them. It was like __38__ a new world. There were damp, dark caves to __39__，there were many __40__ among the rocks, full of sea creatures(生物)；and, here and there along the beach were those __41__ objects, washed up and __42__ by the tide.
The afternoon passed __43__. The sun was already __44__ when the boys reluctantly (恋恋不舍地) __45__ to make their __46__ homewards. But long before they reached the headland, they could see that the tide had come in so sudden that they were now __47__ from either end of the beach. Their only chance of __48__ was to find a way up the cliff(悬崖) nearby.
They soon find a narrow path __49__ the cliff top. But half way up their path was __50__ by a large rock which they could not climb __51__. The two boys had to __52__ at the top of their voices，__53__ that someone might __54__ over the top of the rock, and finally came their father with two policemen，__55__ of them climbed down a rope which was lowered over the rock. The boys were then pulled to safety, and thus saved from spending a miserable night on the cliff.
文章大意：两个男孩未经家长允许，去海边探索，后来发生了什么呢？
36．A.keep quiet B．stay behind
C．take a rest D．join them
答案：B 从上下文看，A、C、D三项不符合，故不选。
37．A.tiring B．exciting
C．uninteresting D．impossible
答案：A 上文说劝阻young sister不去，只能说long walk would be too tiring。
38．A.discovering B．facing
C．enjoying D．imagining
答案：B 通过上下文看，facing是作like的宾语，表示“面对”的意思。
39．A.look up B．explore
C．hide in D．search
答案：B explore指“探索”。
40．A.lakes B．rivers
C．waterfalls D．pools
答案：D 岩石间应是pools。
41．A.dirty B．light
C．strange D．clean
答案：C two boys没有见过海里的东西，故选strange。
42．A.moved B．covered
C．beaten D．left
答案：D 被潮水冲上来，并留下的东西用leave。
43．A.quickly B．unexpectedly
C．finally D．suddenly
答案：A quickly可指时间过的飞快。
44．A.leaving B．dropping
C．going D．setting
答案：D 太阳落山用set。
45．A.forgot B．decided
C．succeeded D．turned
答案：B 没有turn to do这个搭配，succeed in doing，for-get to do语境不对。
46．A.road B．way
C．track D．path
答案：A make one's road homewards指“找道回家”。
47．A.cut off B．left behind
C．held back D．put away
答案：A cut off“切断，割掉”。
48．A.running off B．keeping clear
C．getting away D．turning back
答案：C get away指“逃走，离开”；run off“吓跑，撵走”；turn back“返回，打退堂鼓”。
49．A.reaching B．passing
C．going up D．leading to
答案：D reach指“到达”；lead to指“通向”。
50．A.blocked B．covered
C．stopped D．filled
答案：A be blocked指“阻塞”。
51．A.on B．over
C．round D．through
答案：B climb over the rock指“爬上岩石”。
52．A.shout B．shoot
C．repeat D．renew
答案：A shout at the top of one's voice指“高声地喊”。
53．A.wanting B．guessing
C．believing D．hoping
答案：D hoping表伴随，“希望”。
54．A.turn B．appear
C．hide D．climb
答案：B appear指希望某人出现在岩石上。
55．A.Any B．None
C．One D．First
答案：C one of them，them指their father and two policemen。
第三部分：阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
A
Paracutin was born in Mexico in February 1943. At the end of one week Paracutin was 500 feet high，and it is now over 9,000 feet high. Today Paracutin is asleep.
What is Paracutin? It was the first volcano (火山) in the world which was seen from its birth right up to the present day. On February 20,1943, a peasant and his wife set out to work in their cornfields from the Mexican village of Paracutin. They were suprised to find the earth warm under their feet. Suddenly they heard noises deep in the earth and a small hole appeared in their field. In the afternoon there was a sudden loud noise and stones were thrown high in the air. The peasants ran from the field and turned to watch. They saw the birth of a volcano.
Large quantities of stone and lava (岩浆) broke out and a little hill began to form. By evening this hill was 100 feet high and hot ashes were falling on the village. At night the strong light of the hot lava lit up the countryside. The trees near the village were killed and the villagers had to leave their houses.
When the village was destroyed, its name was given to the volcano. The news quickly reached Mexico City, far to the east. Many people came to watch the scene. The volcano grew and grew for ten years and hundreds of square miles of forest were destroyed. Then Paracutin went to sleep.
56．In this passage the writer is trying to ________.
A．tell us an interesting happening
B．explain a scientific theory
C．make us believe something
D．make up an interesting story
答案：A 主旨大意题。通读全文可知作者要告诉我们一件有趣的事情，一座火山竟然从脚底下冒了出来。
57．What can we learn about volcanoes from this passage?
A．New volcanoes may appear in places where people do not expect them to be.
B．Volcanoes are always growing.
C．Volcanoes are active from time to time.
D．New volcanoes are active for only ten years.
答案：A 推理判断题。从第二段第四、五句话“They were surprised to find...Suddenly they heard noises... in their field”可以推知火山也许会在人们没有预料到的地方冒出来。
58．What was destroyed in the growing up of the volcano?
A．The little hill of stones.
B．The villagers living nearby.
C．The forests and fields around Paracutin.
D．The Mexican peasant and his wife.
答案：C 细节理解题。由第三段最后一句话可知。
59．Paracutin was once the name of ________.
A．a peasant B．a village
C．an old mountain D．a Mexican
答案：B 细节理解题。由最后一段第一句话可知，“当这个村子被毁之后，它的名字就成了火山的名字”。故Paracutin曾经是个村名。
B
(2014·广东)
Scientists today are making greater effort to study ocean currents(洋流). Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment. However, ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way-by studying movements of random floating garbage. A scientist with many years' experience, he started this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United States. There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap_meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear.
Ebbesmeyer found out in his researches that the shoes—about 60,000 in total—fell into the ocean in a shipping accident. He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back. As expected, the company told him that they didn't. Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a great experiment. If he learned when and where the shoes went into the water and tracked where they landed, he could learn a lot about the patterns of ocean currents.
The Pacific Northwest is one of the world's best areas for beachcombing(海滩搜寻)because winds and currents join here, and as a result, there is a group of serious beachcombers in the area. Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed. In a year he collected reliable information on 1,600 shoes. With this data, he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computer program designed to model ocean currents, and publish the findings of their study.
As the result of his work, Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientists to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean. He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts, with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand. They have recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves.
文章大意：本文是说明文，介绍了一种研究洋流的特别方式——研究随机漂流的垃圾。
60．The underlined phrase swap meets in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________.
A．fitting rooms B．trading fairs
C．business talks D．group meetings
答案：B 词义猜测题。由前面的so many shoes和后面的to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear，特别是sell，可知是建立交易市场，故选B。
61．Ebbesmeyer phoned the shoe company to find out ________.
A．what caused the shipping accident
B．when and where the shoes went missing
C．whether it was all right to use their shoes
D．how much they lost in the shipping accident
答案：C 细节理解题。由第二段二、三、四句 “He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back. As expected, the company told him that they didn't. Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a great experiment”可知打电话是为了询问他利用他们的鞋子是否正确，选C。
62．How did Ebbesmeyer prove his assumption?
A．By collecting information from beachcombers.
B．By studying the shoes found by beachcombers.
C．By searching the web for ocean currents models.
D．By searching ocean currents data in the library.
答案：A 细节理解题。由第三段第二句Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them (serious beachcombers) and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed及其后几句可知，选A，“通过海滩清理者收集信息”。
63．Ebbesmeyer is most famous for ________.
A．traveling widely the coastal cities of the world
B．making records for any lost objects on the sea
C．running a global currents research association
D．phoning about any doubtful objects on the sea
答案：D 细节理解题。由第四段第一句Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean可知，选D。
64．What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?
A．To call people's attention to ocean pollution.
B．To warn people of shipping safety in the ocean.
C．To explain a unique way of studying ocean currents.
D．To give tips on how to search for lost objects on the beach.
答案：C 目的意图题。本文是一篇说明文，目的就是解释、说明、介绍，由全文可知是解释了一种研究洋流的一种独特的方法，故选C。
C
During a small earthquake，you will feel a little shaking. Pictures hanging on the walls might move back and forth.Dishes might rattle ( 发出响声) inside the kitchen cabinet. A lamp might possibly fall and break.
In a very strong earthquake, you might be thrown upward or down to the ground. Cracks might appear in the ground. Windows might be broken. Buildings and bridges might fall down. People might be injured or even killed.
Strong earthquakes often suddenly break electric wires. That means electric lights and machines will not work. Water pipes sometimes break, so people have no water to drink. Pipes that carry natural gas, and tanks that hold petrol and dangerous chemicals, can break and start fires.
Aftershocks (余震) are mini-quakes that come after the main part of an earthquake. They can cause even more damage. Aftershocks are especially dangerous for rescue workers who have gone into ruined buildings to help people who are trapped inside.The buildings can collapse,_trapping the rescue workers along with the people they are trying to help.
Very strong earthquakes can cause tsunamis in the ocean, which may bring great damage.Earthquakes can cause landslides where dirt and rocks slide down the sides of a mountain and damage buildings and hurt people. Earthquakes can also cause avalanches (雪崩) and heavy snow slide down a mountainside. An avalanche can be just as dangerous as a landslide.
65．All the following may be the results of a strong earthquake EXCEPT that ________.
A．strong bridges fall down
B．people have no water to drink
C．some dangerous chemicals flow out
D．dishes in the kitchen shake and make sounds
答案：D 细节理解题。根据第一段对轻微地震及第二、三段对强震的描述可知，D项(厨房内餐具晃动并发出响声)是在轻微地震中出现的状况。
66．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Aftershocks are not as dangerous as the main part of an earthquake.
B．Aftershocks are even more dangerous than big earthquakes to rescue workers.
C．Aftershocks always cause more serious harm than the main part of an earthquake.
D．Aftershocks are strong earthquakes following the main part of an earthquake.
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第四段对余震的介绍可知，对救援人员而言，余震比强震更危险。
67．The underlined word “collapse” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________.
A．fall down B．shake out
C．set up D．break through
答案：A 词义猜测题。第四段主要介绍了余震的危害，其中之一就是会导致建筑物倒塌。结合画线词后面的“trapping the rescue workers along with the people they are trying to help”可知，画线词意为“坍塌，倒塌”。
68．This passage is mainly about ________.
A．how earthquakes take place
B．what causes strong earthquakes
C．strong earthquakes and light ones
D．the types of earthquakes and their damage
答案：D 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了轻微地震及强震的表现及它们可能造成的破坏，因此D项(地震的种类及其会造成的破坏)符合题意。
D
The ground we walk on seems firm, but deep under the earth and under the sea the rocks change and move. In some parts of the world there are“fire mountains”， which we call volcanoes.From time to time they burst open and throw out fire and burning ash. These volcanoes are very dangerous.
Hong Kong does not have any volcanoes but there are many in Indonesia and Philippines. There is also a famous mountain near Tokyo, Japan, which is a volcano too.Its name is Mount Fuji.For much of the year, it is covered with snow.
One of the most famous volcanoes which erupted(喷发)in recent times was Krakatoa, on an island in Indonesia.The first explosions(爆发)took place on 20th May, 1883, but the big eruption did not come until the 26th and 27th August of that year. The people on the island were used to the explosions by that time, and so they were completely unprepared for this terrible happening. Almost all the people on the island died and the explosion also made huge waves in the seat, which drowned (淹死)many people on the other island nearby. After the eruption was over, people saw that the whole northern part of the island had completely disappeared. Scientists say that 15 cubic(立方)kilometers of rocks and ash were thrown up in the explosion. The noise of the explosion was heard nearly 5,000 kilometers away in the middle of the Indian Ocean, and the city of Jakarta was completely dark for about two and a half hours.
文章大意：本文以日本的富士山为重点，介绍了世界火山的一些情况。
69．There are many volcanoes ________.
A．everywhere in the world
B．under the earth and the sea
C．in Hong Kong
D．in Indonesia
答案：D 从第一段第二句中“In some parts of the world there are fire mountains, which we call volcanoes.”和“Hong Kong does not have any volcanoes but there are many volcanoes in Indonesia and Philippines.”看出火山并不是到处都有，排除A项和B项，香港没有火山，排除C项，故选D项。
70．Mount Fuji is famous just because ________.
A．it is covered with snow for much of the year
B．it is a volcano
C．it is near Tokyo
D．it is in Japan
答案：B 从第二段第二句“There is also a famous mountain near Tokyo, Japan, which is a volcano too. Its name is Mount Fuji.For much of the year, it is covered with snow.”看出富士山出名主要是因为它是一座火山。
71．The people near Krakatoa were unprepared when it had its biggest explosion because people there ________.
A．had never met any explosions of the volcano before
B．were used to the explosions of the volcanoes by that time
C．didn't want to leave their island
D．could do nothing but wait
答案：B 从第三段第三句“The people on the island were used to the explosions by that time, and so they were completely unprepared for this terrible happening.”看出当地的人们已经习惯了它的爆发，因此，当最大的爆发发生时，人们没有准备。
E
A California family drives a car that could help protect the environment.
When Jon and Sandy go to the store or to their daughters' soccer games, they drive in high-tech style. They drive a $1 million, fuel-cell-powered car. It may be the world's most expensive car and one of the most environmentally friendly cars.
The FCX is the first fuel-cell-powered car to be used by a family anywhere in the world. The FCX uses hydrogen and oxygen for fuel.
Car makers have been working to develop vehicles that are better for the environment. They are developing cars that use fuel other than gasoline.
What is fuel cell technology?
Fuel cell technology works by changing the chemicals hydrogen and oxygen into water. This process produces electricity, and water vapor which comes out of the exhaust pipe. Most cars release dangerous gases such as carbon monoxide (一氧化碳) and carbon dioxide. Many scientists say these gases are major contributors to global warming.
“The FCX is driven just like any other vehicle on the road, but without the gases which pollute the environment, ”scientists say.
Fuel cell technology has been around since the 1800s, but scientists have yet been to perfect it. They say it may take years before the technology is ready for widespread use.
Creating environmentally friendly cars
Another earth-friendly car is already on the market. Hybrid cars use both gasoline and an electric motor. They are becoming more popular with customers because they cut pollution and improve fuel efficiency.
72．Which of the following about the FCX is not true?
A．It may be the most expensive car in the world.
B．It is one of the most environmentally friendly cars.
C．It releases dangerous gases to pollute the air.
D．It uses hydrogen and oxygen for fuel other than gasoline.
答案：C 细节理解题。从第二段中的“It may be... one of the most environmentally friendly cars.”和第六段中的“... but without the gases which pollute the environment...”等处可判断答案为C项。
73．According to the passage, what is the major cause for global warming?
A．Gases from FCX.
B．Water vapor from cars.
C．Hydrogen and oxygen.
D．Gases from cars.
答案：D 细节理解题。由第五段尾句“很多科学家声称这些气体(一氧化碳和二氧化碳)是造成全球变暖的主要因素”可知答案。
74．From the passage, we know that fuel cell technology ________.
A．works by water
B．has a history for over two hundred years
C．works by electricity
D．has been widely used since the 1800s
答案：B 细节理解题。由倒数第二段“燃料电池技术19世纪始就已存在，但科学家们却一直在完善它”可判断出该技术“有200余年的历史”。
75．We can infer from the passage that ________.
A．future cars will be environmentally friendly
B．there will be no gasoline for cars
C．people can't afford to buy cars in the future
D．global warming has been stopped
答案：A 推理判断题。从短文最后一句话“They are becoming more popular with customers...”可推断A项正确，其他选项在文中没有依据。
第四部分 书面表达(满分35分)
巴黎是法国的首都，也是一个梦幻般的城市，每年吸引世界各地大批游客来观光游玩。请根据以下要点以Paris为题用英语写一篇介绍巴黎的短文。
内容要点如下：
1．地理位置：法国北部；
2．人口：大约11,000,000；
3．气候：不太热也不太冷，春秋天最好；
4．基本情况：欧洲第二大城布。法国文化、教育、商业中心。时尚与浪漫之都，很多重大活动在此举行。有悠久的历史和丰富的旅游资源。最著名的有埃菲尔铁塔(the Eiffel Tower)、凯旋门(the Triumphal Arch)和圣母院(Notre Dame)等。
注意：1.不要逐条翻译，但是可增加细节，以使文章连贯、通顺；
2．词数：120左右
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参考范文：
Paris
Paris, a very beautiful city in the world, the capital of France, is located in the north of France. It has a population of about eleven million. It is the second largest city in Europe. As for the weather, it never gets too hot or too cold. And it is at its best during the spring and autumn months.
Paris is the culture，education, business center of France. It is a city of fashion and romance. So many important events have been held here. It is well known that Paris is a modern city with a long history and rich tour resources.
There are so many places for people to visit, The most famous are the Eiffel Tower, the Triumphal Arch and Old Notre Dame.
In a word, Paris is really a great and attractive city.
