Module 3 第一课时
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．China is________(经历)“Scientific Revolution”of Educational Economics.
2．Sun，air and wind________(引起)quick chemical changes.
3．Mr.and Mrs.Shaw have bought some modern________(家具)for their living room.
4．I wondered where they would________(埋葬)Lady Thatcher.
5．Food shortages often________(发生)in times of war.
6．The enemy intended to________(袭击)our troop before night.
7．The storm was a very________(猛烈的)one.
8．We overcame the natural________(灾难)and got in a big harvest.
9．At this________(纬度)you often get strong winds.
10．The________(羽毛)of that kind of bird look very beautiful.
答案：1.experiencing 2.cause 3.furniture 4.bury 5.occur 6.strike 7.violent 8.disaster 9.latitude 10.feathers
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Tornadoes can________________(卷起，掀起)cars，trains and even houses.
2．37,000 people________________________(失去了生命)in the big earthquake.
3．He failed the exam________________(因为)his carelessness.
4．China________________________(位于，坐落于)one of the most active earthquake regions.
5．The poor woman________________________(陷入)sadness after her son died.
答案：1.pick up 2.lost their lives 3.because of 4.is situated in 5.was buried in
Ⅲ.语法填空
1．Jane，an________(experience)teacher with much experience in teaching，had wonderful________(experience)in foreign countries last summer.
答案：experienced；experiences 句意：简是一位经验丰富的老师，在教学方面有许多经验，去年夏天她在外国有过令人难忘的经历。第一个空格作定语，用experienced。第二个空格意思是“经历”，是可数名词，有单复数形式。
2．He got up late and hurried to his office，________(leave)the breakfast untouched.
答案：leaving 句意：他起床晚了，匆忙赶去办公室，结果早饭也没动。现在分词作结果状语，表示必然结果，而不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果。
3．It suddenly________(occur)to the detective that the millionaire was probably murdered by his own daughter.
答案：occurred 句意：这位侦探突然想到这位百万富翁很可能是被他自己的女儿谋杀的。此句中的it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。occur to sb.短语结构，表示“某人突然想到”。
4．Ladies and gentlemen，please fasten your seat belts！The plane________(take off)．
答案：is taking off 句意：女士们、先生们，请系好安全带！飞机要起飞了。take off起飞，此处用进行时表示将来。
5．Mr.Liu hasn't got any time to play golf these days，because he is________(bury)in the research of bird language.
答案：buried 句意：刘先生这些天没去打过高尔夫，因为他在专心研究鸟语。be buried in表示“专心于”，符合句意。
6．During the last three years I've spent nearly six thousand yuan on books，about two thousand yuan per year________average.
答案：on 句意：近三年来，我花费在图书上的钱接近六千元，平均每年大约两千块钱。on average平均。
7．Don't leave the water________(run)while you brush your teeth.
答案：running 句意：当你刷牙的时候不要让水一直不停地流着。本题考查leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语，该句式意为“使/让……保持某种状态”；water与run之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作宾语补足语。
8．By the time you receive this letter，I________(leave)this city for my hometown.
答案：will have left 与by the time连用的句子应该用什么时态，主要是看这个时间点发生在过去还是现在或将来。you receive this letter是将来的时间点，所以题目中的这句话应该用将来时态。
9．Under good treatment，Linda is beginning to________and will soon recover.
答案：pick up 句意：在精心照料下，琳达的身体开始好转，不久就会复原。pick up(事情，身体)好转，符合题意。
10．He joined the firm as an office boy，but he gained rapid promotion，and end up________a director.
答案：as 句意：刚进公司时，他只是一个办公室勤杂员，但迅速得到提升，不久便做了主任。end up as...以……职位结束。
11．Doesn't it________you as rather strange that he never talks about his family?
答案：strike 句意：他从来不谈论他的家庭，难道你对此不感到非常奇怪吗？strike作动词，意为“打动，使触动”。
12．Lucy，the boy was frightened by the terrible noise from the next room.Take him________it's quiet，I think.
答案：where 句意：露西，这个男孩被隔壁可怕的噪音吓坏了，我想你把他带到安静的地方去吧。where此处引导地点状语从句。
Ⅳ.完形填空
Last Sunday I saw the worst storm in years.It __1__suddenly in the mid-afternoon and __2__more than three hours.At first，the sky grew__3__all of a sudden.Within minutes，forks of lightning forced a way into the sky.Then it was__4__by the boom-boom-boom of__5__.A very strong wind blew into my room.My valuable notes, __6__on my desk in the room, __7__high into the air.I jumped up to__8__them but unluckily a few sheets__9__out of the open window.__10__I ran out to get the notes，big drops of rain began to__11__.As soon as I ran back into the house，the__12__began to pour in waves.I __13__to close the windows.I did it but was wet all over.I__14__myself with a towel.Then I heard a sudden loud__15__from the back of the house.I ran out of the room to__16__what it was.A tree was broken.Part of its big branch lay__17__the floor.The table was __18__into pieces.It would __19__a lot of work to rebuild it.However，we were __20__that no one was hurt.
1．A.fell B．reached
C．came D．went
答案：C come意为“到来”，是不及物动词，符合语境。fall意为“降落”；reach意为“到达”，是及物动词；go意为“去”。
2．A.lasted B．kept
C．flowed D．blew
答案：A lasted more than three hours意为“持续了3个多小时”。表示“持续一段时间”用last。keep“保持，维持”，不符合语境。
3．A.bright B．grey
C．blue D．dark
答案：D 由常识可知，暴风雨来临时，天会变黑(dark)。
4．A.followed B．caused
C．made D．brought
答案：A 此处用follow表示雷鸣跟在闪电之后。
5．A.rain B．thunder
C．wind D．storm
答案：B 由常识可知，先看到闪电，后听见雷鸣(thunder)。
6．A.placing B．putting
C．lying D．picking
答案：C lie意为“位于；躺”，是不及物动词，lying on my desk in the room在句中作定语，修饰notes，若用place或put，应用过去分词placed或put。
7．A.threw B．jumped
C．flew D．rose
答案：C 从后面的high into the air可知，由于大风，桌子上的笔记飞入(flew)空中。
8．A.take B．catch
C．draw D．stop
答案：B 由于纸张被风刮起来，作者想去抓住(catch)它们。
9．A.moved B．came
C．ran D．sailed
答案：D 从下文的out of the open window可知，有几张纸随风飘(sail)出去了。
10．A.Before B．As
C．During D．Since
答案：B as意为“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句，符合语境。
11．A.fall B．rain
C．drop D．burst
答案：A big drops of rain began to fall意为“大雨点开始下落”，fall意为“掉落”，drop意为“使……掉落”，下雨是没有人力作用的，故A项正确。
12．A.storm B．water
C．wind D．rain
答案：D 上文提到开始下雨，再根据下文的描述可知，此处指雨(rain)倾盆而下。
13．A.walked B．fought
C．went D．got
答案：B 由于风大，雨急，所以关窗子很困难，故用fight的过去式fought。此表达生动形象。
14．A.dried B．cleaned
C．swept D．helped
答案：A 上文提到自己全身都湿了，所以用毛巾擦干(dried)。
15．A.noise B．scream
C．voice D．sound
答案：D 从下文可知，此处作者听到的是一棵树断的声音(sound)。noise意为“噪音”；scream意为“尖叫”；voice意为“嗓音”；sound意为“声音”，用来泛指声音，也可指物体间的碰撞或物体断裂而发出的声音。
16．A.learn about B．look for
C．see into D．find out
答案：D find out意为“弄明白”，符合语境。learn about了解；look for寻找；see into无此搭配。
17．A.across B．through
C．over D．pass
答案：A across the floor意为“横在地板上”。through指从物体内部穿过；over指从物体上面越过；pass“(从旁边)经过”，是动词。
18．A.turned B．changed
C．broken D．found
答案：C The table was broken into pieces.意为“桌子被断了的大树砸碎了”。
19．A.give B．pay
C．spend D．take
答案：D take此处意为“花费”。pay和spend意为“花费”时，主语是人。
20．A.good B．afraid
C．thankful D．careful
答案：C 由下文no one was hurt可知此处表示“庆幸的”，因此用thankful。
Ⅴ.阅读理解
For more than two days in September 1974，the people of Honduras shut their windows，locked their doors and cowered(畏缩)in their homes.Fifi was outside，and they were frightened.
By the time Fifi had left,8,000 people were dead.Fifi wasn't a pet dog as the name suggests.It was a hurricane，one of the most destructive natural phenomena in the world.
Why do we give human names to swirling bundles of wind and rain and cloud?
We didn't always give them human names.Two hundred years ago，many hurricanes in the Caribbean were named after the saint's(基督教徒的)day on which the storm occurred.Later，storms were known by the name of the city where they came ashore.
Meteorologists(气象学家)then tried naming storms after the latitude(纬度)and longitude(经度)where they occurred.
Finally，in 1953，hurricanes started getting people's names—specially，female names.Male names were added in 1979.
There are six sets of names for what the experts call Atlantic tropical cyclones.
Each list is used every six years and consists of 21 names，starting with every letter but Q，U，X，Y and Z．The names“alternate”between male and female.
A storm won't get a name until its winds reach 39 mph or about 62.4 kph，at which point it becomes a tropical storm.At 74 mph or 118.4 kph it's declared a hurricane.
The 126 names on the list are used only for storms that from off the Atlantic coast of the US.There are separate lists for the Pacific.
So what happens if a hurricane should cross from the Atlantic to the Pacific？It has happened before.The storm just gets a new name and sometimes a new sex.
Max Mayfield is the director of the National Hurricane Centre，headquartered in Miami，Florida.He's in charge of picking up new names for storms off the Atlantic coast.
He doesn't do it alone，though.His counterparts in dozen other countries in the Caribbean，Central.America and North America vote on what names will replace retired names.
【语篇解读】文章讲述飓风名字的由来。
1．Fifi was a________.
A．pet dog B．hurricane
C．girl D．storm
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“It was a hurricane...”可知答案。
2．We started to give storms and hurricanes human names________.
A．all the time B．two hundred years ago
C．in the 1950s D．in 1979
答案：C 细节理解题。根据短文第六段第一句“Finally，in 1953，hurricanes started getting people's names”可知答案。
3．Storms from both the Atlantic and the Pacific get________names.
A．same B．different
C．126 D．21
答案：B 细节理解题。短文倒数第三段提到“The storm just gets a new name and sometimes a new sex.”，即风暴会有新的名称有时会是新的性别。故选B。
4．The best title for this text is________.
A．How Storms and Hurricanes Get Their Names
B．Storms and Hurricanes
C．Male or Female
D．Hurricanes in the Caribbean
答案：A 主旨大意题。从短文首段的Fifi，到末段的投票决定名称，文章始终没有离开飓风的“名字”，所以判断A最佳，B和D没有提及“名字”，所以不正确，C偏离文章内容。
Ⅵ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
Polar bears are suffering in a__1__(warm) world.
Polar bears live in environments too cold for most animals.__2__much of the year, they live and hunt on the frozen Arctic sea ice. Nature has prepared__3__for the cold conditions. But nothing has prepared the bears for the danger that__4__(threat) the only home they know.
The polar bears' world is melting. Studies show that the polar ice has reduced by 9.8% every 10 years__5__1978. Now about 20,000 to 25,000 polar bears live in the Arctic. Polar bears depend on the sea ice for their__6__(survive). “The sea ice is more than just this platform that the bears walk over，” says Andrew Derocher，__7__scientist who studies North American polar bear populations.“__8__it, they can't exist.”
Some melting and refreezing of the polar ice is natural. But in a warmer world, these cycles speed up, and bears have__9__(little) time to hunt. Normally, they have three months in the spring__10__they gain more weight. The extra fat is used when the bears are not actively hunting.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．warmer 根据下文内容可知，此处应用比较级的形式。
2．For/During 用介词for或during表示在一段时间里。
3．them 代词them指前面提到的北极熊。
4．threatens that引导的定语从句修饰the danger，因此从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
5．since since在此处是介词，意为“自从”。
6．survival 根据前面的修饰语their可知，此处应用名词形式。
7．a a scientist与前面的人名为同位语关系。
8．Without 没有了冰层，北极熊就无法生存。
9．less 根据上文出现的warmer可知，此处应用比较级形式。
10．when when在此处引导定语从句，修饰three months。
【辽宁卷题型】
Julia：Christine, you're from Papua New Guinea?
Christine：Yes，it's a small island in the South Pacific.
Julia：Is it near Australia?
Christine：Yeah. To Brisbane it's 3 hours__1__plane.
Julia：We were talking earlier__2__ global warming. How can this be__3__problem for your island?
Christine：Oh, absolutely, because we're surrounded by water，it creates a problem when the tides rise.
Julia: Why?
Christine：A lot of people build__4__homes and villages around the water, because the ocean is__5__we get our food from. So when the tides rise...
Julia：So what do you think about global warming?
Christine: Like we were talking about it earlier, I am very much__6__the Kyoto Protocol (《京都议定书》). I think that we need to act now__7__even more damage is done. Obviously coming from a small country__8__people aren't educated about these things, we don't realize__9__is really happening，but we are really starting to realize now and it's good to know that bigger countries are doing something about it. I think things need to be done now, as governments know the situation and their responsibilities. We're suffering because of it，__10__we don't add to it. So I think they should do something.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．by 考查介词。句意是“坐3个小时的飞机可以到布里斯班”。by plane是“乘飞机”。
2．about 考查介词。talk about是固定词组，“谈论……”。
3．a 考查冠词。第一次提及，并非特指，再加上后面文章中也提到了a problem，因此此处应填不定冠词a。
4．their 考查代词。人们在水边建造家园和村庄，their指的就是people's。
5．where 考查名词性从句。the ocean是原因状语从句中的主语，is是系动词，后接表语从句，因为引导词在表语从句中要作地点状语，所以用where引导。
6．for 考查介词。根据句意，说话者是赞同《京都议定书》。介词for有“赞成”之意。
7．before 考查连词。句意为“在造成更大破坏之前，我们需要做点什么”，因此填before。
8．where/in which 考查定语从句。空格后主谓宾结构完整，因此需要填一个表示状语的词，同时又作定语修饰前面的a small country。
9．what 考查名词性从句。句子的主语是we，谓语是realize，后接宾语从句。引导词在从句中需要作主语，所以用what引导。
10．even though/even if 考查状语从句。根据句意可知，此处前后句是让步关系，用even though或even if引导让步状语从句。
课件125张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 · 必修3 The Violence of NatureModule 31.1.1 集合的概念第一课时 Introduction & Reading1.1.1 集合的概念Module 3Ⅰ.写出黑体单词在句中的含义
1．Many people had lost all in the disaster.( )
2．Smoking can cause lung cancer.( )
3．We will buy some furniture for our new house.( )
4．The boat sank in a violent storm at sea.( )
5．People in Syria is experiencing sufferings.( )
6．We buried the general with full military honours.( )
7．When did the accident occur？( )灾难 引起 家具 强烈的 经历 埋葬 发生
8．Many houses were destroyed by the flood.( )
9．She was struck dead by lightning.( )
10．Near the cemetery between the trees，there is something that shines.( )洪水 袭击 墓地 Ⅱ.补全短语
1．find________ 弄明白
2．refer________ 参考；提及
3．because________ 因为
4．________the same latitude 在同一纬度
5．________all time 有史以来
6．pick________ 卷起；掀起
7．take________ 去掉；起飞
8．________average 平均起来
9．________the time 到……为止
10．________the late 1890s 到19世纪90年代后期outtoofonofupoffonbybyⅢ.完成句子
1．They can destroy houses，but _____________________ __________________.
它们能毁掉房子，却把房内的家具留在原处。
2．On average，there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year，_____________________________________.
平均来说，美国每年发生800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡、1500人受伤。leave the furniture insideexactly where it wascausing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries
3．___________it ended，more than 700 people__________ _______and 2,700______________.
风停时，已有700多人死亡，2700人受伤。By the time had beenkilledhad been injured Ⅳ.语篇理解
Step 1 Look at the following pictures.Do you know what happened in each picture?Step 2 Fast-reading
Choose the best answer according to the passage.
1．Which statement is NOT true?
A．The worst tornado of all time occurred in the US in 1925.
B．Hurricanes usually occur in the southern Atlantic Ocean，the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico.
C．Hurricanes usually affect the west coast of the US.
D．The Irish actor，Charles Coghlan，died one year before the 1900 Galveston hurricane struck.2．In 1925 the worst tornado of all time affected the following US states EXCEPT________.
A．Texas B．Missouri
C．Illinois D．Indiana
3．On average，tornadoes cause about________deaths and ________injuries in the US each year.
A．6,000；3,600 B．6,000；37,000
C．700；2,700 D．80；1,5004．Which of the following happened most recently?
A．The worst tornado which affected three US states.
B．The worst hurricane which happened in Galveston.
C．The destruction of Charles Coghlan's cemetery.
D．The discovery of Charles Coghlan's coffin.
5．Where did Charles Coghlan become famous?
A．In Galveston. B．In New York.
C．In Canada. D．In Ireland.Step 3 Careful-reading
Fill in the blanks according to the passage.Step 4 Summary
Fill in the blanks according to the passage.
A tornado，which is a rotating 1.________of air from a thunderstorm to the ground usually 2.________in the US,3.________several US states greatly.
Hurricanes，which are strong 4.________storms，usually 5.________the east coast of the US from Texas to Maine，the 6.________one of which caused 6,000 7.________，and destruction of 3,600 buildings.Here is a story about the worst hurricane.Charles Coghlan，a famous Irish actor，moved to Canada，then New York，and finally Galveston，where he died in 1899，a year before the hurricane came.In the hurricane，his 8.________was destroyed and his coffin 9.________up in the sea，which was 10.________by the Gulf Stream to his home on Prince Edward Island in the east of Canada eight years later.Step 5 Discussion
The violence of nature is very terrible，especially earthquakes.Can you tell us the effects of earthquakes?
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________答案：Step 1 1.earthquake 2.drought 3.tsunami
4.flood 5.tornado 6.hurricane
Step2 1.C 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.B
Step3 1.air 2.the US 3.400 4.3 US states 5.storms 6.Atlantic Ocean 7.120 8.6,000
Step 4 1.column 2.occurs 3.affecting 4.tropical
5．hit/strike/affect 6.worst 7.deaths 8.cemetery 9.ended 10.carriedStep 5
(1)Earthquakes may make many people lose their home and relatives suddenly.
(2)Sometimes，earthquakes can cause severe tsunami，and each of us cannot forget the tsunami in Japan.
(3)As far as I know，most people in the earthquake-stricken areas need a long time to get rid of the bad effects caused by earthquakes，especially those who lost their relatives.1.violence n. [U]猛烈；猛力；暴力(行为)
①The violence of the hurricane caused great damage.
猛烈的飓风造成了巨大的损失。
②The criminal committed violence in stabbing his victim.
罪犯行凶，用匕首刺伤了受害者。
violent 用作形容词，表示“using，showing，accompanied by great force”，即“使用暴力的；猛烈的；激烈的”的意思。violent blows“猛烈的打击”
①The enemies started another violent attack.
敌人又发动了一轮猛攻。
②Being in a violent temper，he hit his wife in the face.
盛怒之下，他打了妻子一记耳光。词语辨析
fierce；violent；wild
这些形容词均含“剧烈的；凶猛的；狂暴的”之意。
1)fierce普通用词，指人或兽的凶猛残酷。
The famous boxer killed a fierce wolf with his bare hands.
那位著名的拳击师赤手空拳打死了一头凶猛的恶狼。
2)violent普通用词，指人时侧重极为不安，异常激动，暗含有暴力行为；也指破坏性的或不可控制的自然力量。
Students were involved in violent clashes with the police.
学生与警方发生了暴力冲突。3)wild普通用词，既可指自然界的荒芜，未被驯化状态，又指人的无法无天，不文明的野蛮行为。
They are wild with joy when“their”player or team wins.
当“他们的”选手或运动队赢得胜利时，他们欣喜若狂。
知识拓展
with violence 剧烈地
violently adv. 激/剧/猛烈地
violation n. 妨/侵害
do violence to 对……施暴；歪曲事实即学即用
用violence的适当形式填空。
(1)It is the duty of everyone to obey this law，but without using________.
(2)Fortunately，no one was killed in this________storm yesterday.
(3)Several people were________attacked in that dark street within a week.
答案：(1)violence (2)violent (3)violently
2．experience vt.经历 n. [U]经验；[C]经历
①He experienced a lot of difficulties doing that work.
做那项工作时他经历了很多困难。
②It is important to try and learn from experience.
努力从经验中学习是重要的。
③Please tell us your experiences in Africa.
请告诉我们你在非洲的经历。
注意：experience作“经验”讲时，是不可数名词；作“经历”讲时，是可数名词。
Mr Kroll is an officer with experience，who has many odd experiences.
克罗尔是个有经验的军官，他有着很多奇怪的经历。即学即用
完成句子
(1)这位司机在处理事故方面有许多经验。
The driver has some________in dealing with accidents.
(2)从万米高空的飞机上跳下是一次相当刺激的经历。
Jumping out of the plane at ten thousand feet is quite________________________.
答案：(1)experience (2)an exciting experience
语法填空
(3)I don't think the experiment is________failure.At last we gained________experience for future success.
答案：a；/ 第一个空用不定冠词a，failure在此是抽象名词的具体化，a failure指“一件失败的事”；第二个空用零冠词，是因为experience在这里意为“经验”，是不可数名词。(4)—Guess what ，we've got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer.
—How nice！You________(experience)a different culture then.
答案：will be experiencing 考查时态。由第一句可知：我们已经得到了暑假去英国旅行的短期签证；再由第二句中then可知：这是对去英国旅行的美好祝愿。因此时态应为将来进行时。3．cause vt.引起；导致 n．原因；起因；理由；动机；事业
①Smoking can cause lung cancer.
吸咽可导致肺癌。
②The wound isn't serious，but may cause some discomfort.
伤口并不严重，但可能会引起一些不适。
What's the cause of the plane crash?
飞机失事的起因是什么？
拓展
1)cause sb.to do sth.使某人做某事
2)cause sb.sth.给某人招致某事
3)cause and effect因果关系辨析
reason，cause与excuse
1)reason指产生某种行为或想法的推理性理由，常与介词for搭配。
2)cause主要指导致某种结果、客观存在的原因，它是相对于effect来说的。the cause of表示“……的起因”。
3)excuse多指为免受指责或推卸责任而找的“理由，借口”。即学即用
完成句子
(1)火灾起因不明。
The________of the fire was unknown.
(2)你匆忙的原因是什么？
What's the________for your hurry?
(3)他迟到时总能找到借口。
When he is late，he can always find a(n)________．
答案：(1)cause (2)reason (3)excuse
语法填空
(4)Smoking is one of the________of heart disease and it kills lots of people every year.
答案：causes cause常常与介词of搭配，意为“……的起因。”4．current
1)n. [C]水流；潮流；气流
①He swam to the shore against a strong current.
他逆着急流游向岸边。
②Birds use warm air currents to help their flight.
鸟类利用暖气流帮助飞行。
2)n. [C，U]电流
The current includes a direct current and an alternating current.
电流分直流电和交流电。3)n. [C]思潮；潮流；趋向
Ministers are worried by this current of anti-government feeling.
部长们被这股反政府情绪所困扰。
4)adj. 现在发生的；当前的；现在的(只用在名词前)
He is your current employer.
他是你现在的雇主。
5)adj. 通用的；流通的；流行的
That word is no longer in current use.
那个词已不通用。知识拓展
currently adv. 现时；当前
current account 活期存款账户；往来账户
current affairs 时事
即学即用
语法填空
To swim in this river now is dangerous，for the__________is too swift.
答案：current 题意：现在在这条河里游泳是很危险的，因为水流太急了。current“水流”，符合题意。5．furniture n. [U] 家具
furniture为不可数名词，不能说a furniture，也不能说furnitures，表示“一件家具”要说a piece of furniture。
注意：英语中有些名词为典型的不可数名词，任何时候都不能加不定冠词，也不能用复数。如fun，equipment，weather，news，advice，information等。
①She moved the furniture around.
她把家具四处移动。
②They've bought some furniture for their new house.
他们买了些家具布置新房子。知识拓展
furnish vt. 为……提供家具；布置
即学即用
语法填空
We will buy some________(furniture)for our new house.
答案：furniture 句意：我们将为我们的新房子买些家具。furniture“家具”，是不可数名词，可以用some修饰。
6．latitude n．纬度
①Beijing is at 40 degrees north latitude.
北京在北纬40度。
②The town is at a low latitude.
该城镇在低纬度的地方。
搭配
in Lat.50°N 在北纬50度联想
longitude n. [U] 经度知识拓展
latitudinal adj. 纬度(方向)的
altitude n. 海拔；高度
attitude n. 态度
即学即用
完成句子
They allow their children____________________________.
他们对自己的孩子没有讲解这层意思了？
答案：far too much latitude7．bury vt.
1)土葬；海葬
①He was buried with his wife.
他和他的妻子葬在了一起。
②Where is Shakespeare buried?
莎士比亚葬于何处？
③He's been dead and buried for years!
他已经死亡并且被埋葬多年了！
2)丧失
She has buried five sons in the war.
战争中她丧失了5个儿子。3)隐藏；掩埋；覆盖
①Our dog buries its bones in the garden.
我们的狗把骨头埋在花园里。
②She buried her face in her hands and wept.
她双手掩面哭了起来。
4)忘记；使陷入
①It's time to bury our differences and be friends again.
该是我们摈弃分歧重归于好的时候了。
②He buried himself in the country to write a book.
他隐居到乡下去写书。即学即用
完成句子
①他的祖父母都葬在这里。
Both his grandparents________________here.
②他专心在花园里干活。
He________________________the garden.
答案：①were buried ②buried himself in语法填空
③The old man was________(bury)in his research at the moment.
答案：buried 句意：这个老人当时在致力于他的研究。be buried in致力于。
④________(bury)in his studies，he didn't know that all the others had left.
答案：Buried 句意：因为专注于学习，他不知道别人都走了。be buried in专心于。
⑤Chinese officials said all 18 elementary school students________(bury)in a landslide in southwestern China on Thursday were dead，while one person was missing.
答案：buried 句意：中国官员说，中国西南部星期四发生一起山体滑坡，被掩埋的18名小学生全部遇难，还有一人失踪。bury掩埋。分析句子成分可知空格处作定语，根据句意用buried。8．occur vi. 发生
①That accident occurred yesterday.
那事故是昨天发生的。
②Didn't it occur to you that your husband might be late?
你当时没想到你丈夫也许会晚到吗？
③The possibility that she might be wrong never occurred to her.
她压根没想到自己可能会错。
④I suppose it never occurred to you to phone the police!
我想你压根没想到给警察打电话吧！
知识拓展
occur to (主意或想法突然)浮现于脑中；被想起；被想到
It occurs to sb.that...某人想起……
It occurs to sb.to do sth.某人想起做某事辨析
occur，happen，take place和break out即学即用
完成句子
①________________frequently in this area.
这一地区经常发生地震。
②________________________________to visit Iceland.
她想到要去游览冰岛。
答案：①Earthquakes occur ②It occurred to her
用occur/happen/take place/break out填空。
③That accident________yesterday.
④A fire________during the night.
⑤The meeting________at 8?00 as planned.
⑥I suppose it never________to you to phone the police.
答案：③happened ④broke out ⑤took place ⑥occurred
语法填空
⑦It never occurred to me________you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
答案：that 考查固定句型。It occurs/occurred to sb that ...是固定句型，意思是：突然想起．.....，其中that引导主语从句。
9．hit
1)v. 击；打
She hit him on the head with her umbrella.
她用雨伞打他的头。
注意：hit作“打；击中；碰撞”讲时，后常接身体部位的介词短语。若该部位较硬或较突出，用介词on或against；若该部位下凹则用介词in。①He hit his head on the door.
他一头撞到了门上。
②John hit him in the face.
约翰打了他的脸。
注意：介词和名词之间必须用定冠词，而不用物主代词。
2)v. 袭击；击中；使遭受
A powerful earthquake hit the small town.
这个小城镇遭受了一次强烈的地震。
3)v. 到达(某地)；达到(某水平)
Temperatures hit 40℃ yesterday.
昨天气温高达40℃。
4)v. 使突然想起
I couldn't remember where I'd seen him before，and then it suddenly hit me.
起初我想不起以前在哪里见过他，后来猛然想起来了。知识拓展
1)hit(it)big很成功
The band has hit big in the USA.
乐队在美国一炮打响。
2)be/make a hit(with sb.)给(某人)留下很好的第一印象；使(某人)一见钟情
You've made a big hit with Bill.
你让比尔一见倾心了。
3)make a hit 获得成功
即学即用
语法填空
Suddenly he hit________a good idea.
答案：on/upon10．strike vt./n. [C](struck；struck/striken)(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击；打，敲
①An earthquake struck the island.
地震袭击了小岛。
②Jane struck him in anger.
简一怒之下打了他。
③The clock struck twelve.
钟敲了12下。
④Would you support a nuclear strike to bring an end to a war?
你赞成以核攻击结束战争吗？词语辨析
strike，beat，hit和knock助记
联想
各种“打”：友情提示
1)strike指“疾病；灾难”袭击某一地区时，与hit用法相同。
An earthquake struck/hit the island.
一场地震袭击了岛屿。
2)v. 突然想到；一下子想起；猛地意识到
①A good idea struck the scientist.
那位科学家突然想起了一个好主意。
②It struck me that we ought to make a new plan.
我突然想起我们应该制订一项新的计划。友情提示
strike作“突然想到”讲，与occur和hit同义。It occurs to sb.that...＝It strikes sb.that...＝It hits sb. that...某人突然想起……
知识拓展
be on strike 进行/正在罢工；go on strike 举行罢工；
strike a bargain 成交，达成协议；an air strike 空袭；
be struck by/on/with sb./sth.被某人(或某物)打动或迷住
Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。即学即用
完成句子
①在这个地方，雷雨、大风、雷击发生频繁。
In this area heavy rain and strong wind as well as lightning________occurred frequently.
②钟敲了五下，这说明刚刚五点了。
The clock________5 times，which meant 5 o'clock just now.
答案：①strikes ②struck
结合语境填入适当的单词。
③He________the girl down.(撞倒)
④________while the iron is hot.(敲打)
⑤He could feel his heart________fast.(跳动)
⑥One of the stones________the window.(打中)
答案：③knocked ④Strike ⑤beating ⑥hit11．rotate vt./vi.
1)“(使)旋转”；“(使)缠绕”
①You can rotate the pump wheel with your hand.
你可用手转动泵的轮子。
②The earth rotates once every 24 hours.
地球每24小时旋转一圈。
2)“转换”；“轮作”
①He rotates his men from one place to another.
他把他手下的人从一个地方轮换到另一个地方。
②The chairmanship of the departments rotates annually.
系主任的职位每年轮换一次。
即学即用
完成句子
The EU presidency____________________________.
欧盟主席一职由成员国轮流担任。
答案：rotates among the members.1.pick up拾起；拿起；偶然得到(或学到、找到)；收听到；搭载；恢复(健康)；好转；(碰巧或廉价地)买到
①She kept picking up magazines and putting them down again.
她不断地把那些杂志拿起来又放下。②If you sing it several times，your children will begin to pick up the words.
如果你把它唱几遍，你的孩子们就会不知不觉地学会歌词。
③I managed to pick up an American news broadcast.
我设法收听到一家美国电台的新闻广播。
④My husband will pick you up.
我丈夫将去接你。
⑤The train was gradually picking up speed.
火车正在逐渐加速。图示
链接
(1)pick out精心挑选；辨别
(2)pick off去除；剪除
(3)pick one's way小心走路
(4)pick at磨蹭着吃；小口吃即学即用
介、副词填空
(1)It's easy for my radio to pick________VOA English.
(2)The sick woman just picked________the food he brought.She didn't want to eat more.
(3)If you have time at the weekend，would you like to pick________the bike for your birthday?
(4)Can you pick________your brother in the crowd?
(5)He picked________French when he was staying in Paris.
答案：(1)up (2)at (3)out (4)out (5)up2．take(...)off去掉……；摘下；脱下；起飞
①Could you please help me take the lid off the jar?
你能帮我打开广口瓶的盖子吗？
②He took off his hat after entering the house.
他进屋后摘下了帽子。
③You'd better take off your shoes.
你最好脱掉鞋子。助记
take off意思种种：知识拓展
take(a day)off 休(一天)假；不工作
take after 学……的榜样；仿效
take away 拿走；夺走；拆去
take back 收回(前言)；承认说错了话；取消(诺言)
take down 拿下；取下；记(录)下来
take in 收进；接受；装入；收容；接待
take on 具有；呈现；担任(工作)；承担(责任)；雇佣
take out 取出；拔出；除掉(污迹等)；擦去take over 接收/管/任
take up 举/拿/捡/拔起；占(地方)；费(时间)；占据；接纳(乘客)；(船)承装(货物)
即学即用
语法填空
The president's plane will take________from the airport at nine sharp tomorrow morning.
答案：off 句意：总统的专机明天上午九点整从机场起飞。take off“起飞”，符合题意。3．or so大约；或许；左右(＝about；or more)
①There were twenty or so.
大约有二十个。
②We stayed for an hour or so.
我们停留了一小时左右。
即学即用
语法填空
My parents will move back into town in a year or______.
答案：so 本题题意：我父母将在一年左右的时间里搬迁回市区居住。“时间＋or so＝about＋时间。”4．on average 平均
The boys are 16 years old on average.
这些男孩子平均年龄16岁。
知识拓展
above the average 在一般水平以上；中上；在平均数以上
below the average 在一般水平以下；中下；在平均数以下
on average/on the average/on an average
平均；按平均数计算；一般地说
即学即用
语法填空
Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000，a(n)________of 40,000 per year.
答案：average average“平均数”，符合句意。5．end up 结果为……，以……结束
①We were to go out，but ended up watching TV.
我们原计划外出，但结果却在家看电视。
②He ended up as the head of the company.
他最后成为这家公司的老板。
③He ended up his letter with a poem.
他用一首诗结束了那封信。知识拓展
1)end up with 以……告终
①The meeting ended up with a new song.
会议最后以高歌一首新曲而结束。
②The movie ends up with the wedding of the boy and girl.
电影以男青年与姑娘的婚礼做结尾。
2)begin/start with...以……开始
①At the dinner we usually begin with soup and end up with fruit.
在宴会上，我们通常以汤菜开始，以水果结束。
②Start this sentence with the word“what”．
以“what”一词开头写这个句子。
③It won't work：to start with，it would take too long，and secondly it would cost too much.
这行不通：首先，所需时间太长；其次，花钱太多。即学即用
完成句子
①他们的努力以失败而告终。
Their effort________________________failure.
②我们谈了好久，我想我把课都给误了。
As we talked so long，I think I have ________________________class.
答案：①ended up in ②ended up missing
语法填空
③Smell the flowers before you go to sleep，and you may just end up________sweet dreams.
答案：with 句意：睡觉前闻一闻花的香味，你也许会做个好梦。end up with sth.以……结束，符合题意。
6．in the sea 在海上
by the sea 在海边
at sea(船)在航行中；在海上
by sea 搭船，经由海路
put out to sea 出海；启航知识拓展
英语中，像class，school，church，hospital，prison，sea等词用作抽象名词时，前面不加任何冠词；但用作具有实际意义的普通名词时，前面须加冠词。
go to school 去上学
go to church 做礼拜
go to sea 去航海；当海员
go to prison 去坐牢
in hospital 住院
go to class 去上课
go to the school 去学校
go to the church 去教堂
go to the sea 去海边
go to the prison 去那所监狱
in the hospital 在医院里
go to the class 去教室
即学即用
语法填空
(1)Let's go to________cinema—that'll take your mind off the problem for________while.
答案：the；a 考查冠词的用法。go to the cinema 表示具体的某地，for a while是固定搭配，表示“一会儿”。
(2)If we sit near________front of the bus，we'll have________better view.
答案：the；a 本题考查冠词在具体语境中的使用。句意应为“如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部，就会有更好的视野。”表示“某空间内部的前部”时，front前要加定冠词the；have a good view是习惯搭配，表示“视野开阔，视野良好”之意。1.They can destroy houses，but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.
它们能毁掉房子，却把房内的家具留在原处。
leave vt.& vi.离开，出发；留下，剩下；忘带n.[U]休假；[C]假期
①When did you leave London?
你什么时候离开伦敦的？
②He left his gloves in the hotel.
他把手套落在旅馆里了。③I tried calling him，but he'd already left for work.
我试着打电话给他，可他已经去上班了。
④When I arrived at the airport，I realised that I had left my ticket behind.
当我到达机场时，才意识到自己忘带机票了。
⑤He took a week's leave to visit his sick mother.
他请了一周的假，去看望生病的母亲。搭配即学即用
语法填空
(1)The teacher stressed again that the students should not leave________any important details while retelling the story.
答案：out 句意：老师再次强调，同学们在复述这个故事时不要遗漏任何重要细节。leave out“省去；遗漏”，符合题意。(2)—Are you going to have a holiday this year?
—I'd love to.I can't wait to leave this place______.
答案：behind 题意：“你今年去度假吗？”“我想去，我巴不得离开这儿。”leave...behind“把……丢在后面”，符合题意。
翻译句子
(3)度假时我们必须把狗留下。
_______________________________________________
答案：We had to leave the dog behind when we went on vacation.2．On average，there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year，causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.
平均来说，美国每年发生800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡，1,500人受伤。注意：现在分词(短语)作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果；动词不定式与only或never连用作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。
①His father died，leaving him a lot of money.
他父亲去世了，留给他一大笔钱。
②He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed.
他急忙赶到邮局，不料它已经关门了。即学即用
语法填空
A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city，________(kill)all four people on board.
答案：killing 句意：一架小飞机在这座城市东部5英里处坠落到山坡上，造成机上四人全部死亡。句子主语a small plane与动词kill在逻辑上是主动关系，故用现在分词短语killing...作结果状语。3．The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925，affecting three US states：Missouri，Illinois and Indiana.
最恶劣的一场龙卷风发生在1925年，波及了美国的三个州：密苏里州、伊利诺伊州和印第安纳州。
affect vt.影响；使感受；(病毒)感染
①The climate affected his health.
气候影响他的健康。
②She was deeply affected by his good deeds.
他做的好事使她深受感动。
③Cancer had affected his liver.
癌症已侵及他的肝脏。辨析
affect，effect，influence
①This article will affect my thinking.
这篇文章将会影响我的思想。
②This book effected a change in my opinion.
这本书改变了我的看法。
③Influenced by a high-school biology teacher，he took up the study of medicine.
在一位中学生物教师的影响下，他从事了医学研究。
即学即用
语法填空
She can't get down to work because she was deeply________(affect)by the news of his death.
答案：affected 句意：他的死讯让她非常震惊，她无法专心工作。affect“影响”，符合题意。4．By the time it ended，more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured.
等到风停时，已有700多人死亡，2,700多人受伤。
by the time意为“到……时候”，常用来指到某一时间点为止，引导时间状语从句，主句常用完成时态。
①By the time he was 12，he had travelled to more than 30 countries.
到12岁为止，他已经去过30多个国家了。
②By the time I graduate next year，I will have lived here for 5 years.
到明年毕业时，我已经在这里待了5年了。
注意：表示时间的短语有时也可以引导时间状语从句。常用的有the time，the moment，the minute/day/year，the first/second time，each time，every time，next time，any time等。
①The day he returned home，his father was already dead.
他到家的那天，他父亲已经去世了。
②Every time I see him，he is working hard.
我每次见到他，他都在努力工作。
即学即用
语法填空
(1)By the time you have finished this book，your meal________(get)cold.
答案：will get 句意：等你读完这本书，你的饭菜就凉了。by the time后的从句中用现在完成时表示将来完成意义，主句应用一般将来时。
(2)By the time he arrived in London，we________(stay)in England for more than two weeks.
答案：had stayed 句意：到他到达伦敦时为止，我们已在英国待了两周多了。by the time引导的从句中用一般过去，主句的时态使用过去完成时。Ⅰ.根据句意和单词首字母或汉语提示完成单词
1．In 1975，the f________caused by five days of heavy rain in that area made 233,000 people homeless.
2．People standing under a tree in a thunderstorm are likely to be struck by l________.
3．Many men were b________underground when there was an accident at the mine.
4．An unexpected storm________(发生)when we were enjoying the pleasant voyage at the Yellow Sea.
5．1,500,000 people died in natural________(灾难)between 1980 and 2000.6．The cars involved in the accident looked badly________(损坏)．
7．Describe the hottest parts of the earth，north and south of the________(赤道)．
8．They can take the fur off the back of a cat and the________(羽毛)off a chicken.
9．Hurricanes are strong________(热带的)storms，and they usually occur in the southern Atlantic Ocean，the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico.
答案：1.flood 2.lightning 3.buried 4.occurred 5.disasters 6.damaged 7.equator 8.feathers 9.tropicalⅡ.同义句转换
1．It was difficult for them to sleep because of the noise.
The noise made________difficult for them________sleep.
2．Interviewing a famous film star is not easy.
________is difficult________________a famous film star.
3．However hard he works，he makes little progress.
________________________hard he works，he makes little progress.
4．Look up the new words in the dictionary if necessary.
________________the dictionary if necessary.
5．Because of the storm，the castle was destroyed.
________________________of the storm，the castle now lay in ruins.
6．Jane is experienced in teaching children.
Jane has________in teaching children.
7．It struck me that he might not have told the truth.
It________________me that he might not have told the truth.
答案：1.it，to 2.It，to interview 3.No matter how 4.Refer to 5.As a result 6.experience 7.occurred to
Ⅲ.语法填空
1．The reason________he gave for being late was________he forgot to set the alarm clock.
答案：which；that 句意：他为自己迟到给出的原因是他忘了定闹钟。第一空为定语从句，which在从句中作gave的宾语；第二空为表语从句，that只起连接作用，不作句子成分。
2．Tangshan is the place where a(n) _________(violence)earthquake took place more than 30 years ago.
答案：violent 句意：唐山就是三十多年前发生过一次大地震的地方。violent“猛烈的；激烈的”，形容词，符合题意。3．Has it ever________(occur)to you that you could have passed the exam?
答案：occurred 句意：你有没有想过你本可以通过考试的？it occurs to sb.that...是固定句型，意为“某人想到……”，符合题意。
4．Without professional training，you could pick________a lot of bad habits when playing the piano.
答案：pick up 句意：如果没有经过专业的训练，弹琴时你可能染上很多坏习惯。pick up“(无意中)学到”，符合题意。
5．Paul was taking________his boot when the doorbell rang.
答案：off 句意：正在保罗脱靴子的时候门铃响了。
6．By the time he was 10，he________(learn)to make a living by himself.
答案：had learned 句意：到10岁时，他已经学会自己谋生。by the time“到……时”，引导时间状语从句时主句使用完成时。此处表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时。7．By 1998，Chinese women had received 6.5 years of education________average.
答案：on 句意：到1998年中国妇女平均受教育时间已达6.5年。on average“平均”，符合题意。
8．If you continue wasting money like this，you will end________losing what you have.
答案：up 句意：如果你继续像这样浪费钱，你终将失去你的一切。end up“以……结束”，符合题意。9．Around 1850，a terrible disease hit the potato crop，and potatoes ________(go)bad in the soil.
答案：went go bad是固定短语，意为“变坏”，句意：约在1850年，一场可怕的病害袭击了马铃薯，因而马铃薯在地里变坏了。
10．The furniture in this room is quite different from________in yours in size and style.
答案：that that指代不可数名词或可数名词单数，furniture为不可数名词，故用that。Module 3 第二课时
Ⅰ.用所给动词(短语)的适当形式填空
1．By the time Edison was ten，a chemistry lab________(build)．
2．The dish________(eat)up when I got there.
3．________the new plan________(discuss)before the meeting?
4．Was the boy reminded that his homework________________(not hand in)?
5．Which hospital________Mary________(send)to before midnight?
答案：1.had been built 2.had been eaten 3.Had；been discussed 4.had not been handed in 5.had；been sent
Ⅱ.把下列直接引语变成间接引语
1．She said，“Do you like to sing？”
→She asked me________________liked to sing.
2．“When will you go fishing？”Jane asked her father.
→Jane asked her father when________________________fishing.
3．His father said to him，“Don't leave the door open.”
→His father told him________________________the door open.
4．The teacher said，“The earth goes round the sun.”
→The teacher said that the earth________________the sun.
5．He said to me，“I was born in 1973.”
→He told me that________________born in 1973.
答案：1.if I 2.he would go 3.not to leave 4.goes round 5.he was
Ⅲ.语法填空
1．The couple said that the flowers were so lovely that they________(sell)in no time.
答案：had been sold 句意：这对夫妇说这些花非常漂亮，一会儿就卖完了。主句中The couple said that...表示过去发生的动作，从句中的动作sell在主句的过去动作之前已经完成，用过去完成时；they指代flowers，是动作sell的承受者，需用被动语态。
2．He asked Tom，“Have you finished your homework？”
→He asked Tom________.
答案：whether he had finished his homework 第二句句意：他问汤姆是否已经完成了作业。本题考查的是直接引语变间接引语时的时态变化，直接引语为现在完成时态，变成间接引语就应为过去完成时态。
3．Mother asked me________finished my homework before I watched TV.
答案：whether I had asked me后是一般疑问句的间接引语，要用陈述语序；主句是一般过去时，根据后面的时间状语从句可以推断，从句中要用过去完成时。
4．The new bridge________(design)by the end of last month.
答案：had been designed 句意：到上个月月底之前那座新桥已经设计完成。by the end of＋过去的时间点应该用过去完成时态，又因the new bridge作主语，应该用被动结构。
5．The vegetables didn't taste very good.They________(cook)too long.
答案：had been cooked 句意：这蔬菜尝起来不好。它们煮的时间太长了。cook发生在didn't taste very good之前，且与主语之间有被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。
6．John asked me________I would like to visit his uncle's farm with him.
答案：whether 句意：约翰问我是否愿意和他一起去参观他叔叔的农场。分析句子结构可知，此处为宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述语序，用whether引导。
7．After the cake________(divide into)20 equal parts，the host took them before the guests.
答案：had been divided into 句意：这个蛋糕被分成20等份后，主人就把它们拿到客人面前。从动作took和所填动作相比，所填动作先发生，应用过去完成时态；并且和cake是动宾关系应用被动语态。be divided into把……分成。
8．—Peter，please don't make so much noise.
—Pardon?
—I told you________make so much noise.
答案：not to 第一句是祈使句，最后一句是转述刚才的话。根据直接引语变间接引语的规则，可知应该变为told...(not)to do结构。
9．—Tonna said she________(come)to see us________.
—Then we'd better not go out today.
答案：would come；today 根据答语可知，说话者身处在今天，所以时间状语用today；而且他们是等着Tonna来，所以动词要用would come。
10．He asked me where I________(be)during the summer holidays.
答案：had been 句意：他问我在暑假期间我去过哪里。直接引语是特殊疑问句变为间接引语时按陈述句排列，由时间状语判定用过去完成时态。
11．—Were you late for the film?
—Yes.Half of it________(show)by the time we reached the cinema.
答案：had been shown 句意：——你们看电影晚了吗？——是的。我们到达电影院时电影已经放映了一半。“我们到达”这一动作是一般过去时，电影被放映在我们到达之前，所以用过去完成时的被动语态。
12．Everything________(take)away from him before he returned to his hometown.
答案：had been taken 句意：一切都在他返回家乡之前被拿走了。before引导一个时间状语从句，在此之前完成的动作用过去完成时，并且主句主语是物，应该选择过去完成时的被动语态。
Ⅳ.完形填空
Did you know that all the people of Hawaii live on volcanoes？Hawaii is a chain of __1__in the South Seas.__2__of these islands grew up from the __3__of the ocean.
Twenty-five million years __4__，Hawaii didn't exist.__5__，thousands of feet __6__the water's surface，the floor of the ocean cracked(破裂)open.A volcano that had __7__its way out from the __8__centre of the earth had __9__its way through the earth's crust(地壳)．Molten(熔化的) rock called lava flowed from the crack.When the lava met the __10__ water of the sea，it __11__.As the lava continued to flow，layer(层)upon layer of hardened rock was __12__the ocean floor.Slowly，the volcano built a mountain __13__to break through the surface of the __14__.An island was __15__.Many other volcanic islands grew up near it.
Over time，rain __16__the rock of the islands to form soil.Seeds __17__the wind took roots and grew until the islands became __18__with plants.
This took thousands of years.Today，Hawaii is __19__growing.Its active volcanoes have __20__added several hundred square kilometres to its area.
1．A.continents B．volcanoes
C．islands D．hills
答案：C 由下句中“these islands”可知，夏威夷是南太平洋海域中的一连串“岛屿”。
2．A.Most B．All
C．None D．Some
答案：B 夏威夷群岛是由火山喷发形成的，所以是“所有”岛屿。
3．A.bottoms B．valleys
C．centres D．movements
答案：A 由下文“the floor of the ocean cracked(破裂)open”可知是来自海“底”。
4．A.had passed B．ago
C．before D．earlier
答案：B 夏威夷的形成应是2,500万年“前”，故用ago。
5．A.Therefore B．Thus
C．But D．Then
答案：D 叙述时间顺序用then表示“然后”。
6．A.upon B．above
C．below D．beyond
答案：C 海底在水平面以下，用below。
7．A.fought B．pushed
C．been pushing D．been running
答案：C 来自地球中心的火山一路上一直排除障碍而前进，直到冲破地壳。push one's way out“排除障碍而前进”。根据语境，须用过去完成进行时。
8．A.thick B．hard
C．soft D．hot
答案：D 地球中心是热的，故用hot。
9．A.got B．forced
C．went D．moved
答案：B force one's way“突破前进”，符合题意。
10．A.cool B．salty
C．blue D．deep
答案：A 热的熔岩遇到“冷”的海水。
11．A.disappeared B．hardened
C．sank D．flowed
答案：B 热的熔岩遇到冷水后“变硬”，由下文的“hardened rock”也可得出答案。
12．A.added to B．sent to
C．taken from D．made up
答案：A add to“增加，增添”，符合题意。
13．A.too high B．very tall
C．high enough D．too tall
答案：C 火山喷发形成的高山，足以冲破海面。
14．A.ocean floor B．earth
C．ocean D．earth's crust
答案：C 海底的火山突破“海”面。
15．A.appeared B．born
C．made D．into sight
答案：B 火山“诞生”用be born。若用appear，则不应该用被动语态。
16．A.allowed B．weakened
C．broke down D．watered
答案：C 雨水“分解”了岛上的岩石，形成土壤。break down在本句中意为“分解”。
17．A.carried by B．together with
C．as well as D．without
答案：A 被风所携带的种子，carried by the wind作seeds的定语。
18．A.beauty B．yard
C．garden D．green
答案：D 岛屿有植物就变成“绿色”。
19．A.no longer B．no more
C．always D．still
答案：D 由下文知是活火山，所以“仍然”在生长。
20．A.recently B．been
C．suddenly D．quickly
答案：A 由上文可知是“近来”增加的。
Ⅴ.阅读理解
Wind，water，fire and ice—these powerful natural forces have shaped the land of America in the past.They are still changing it today.
The Colorado River slowly cut down through stone to make the Grand Canyon(大峡谷)．
Long ago，ice sheets cut Yosemite Valley and the Great Lakes，and glaciers(冰川)are still on the move in Alaska.
Wind and rain storm hit the land from time to time.Fires sometimes burn down forests and destroy the homes of wild animals：This happened in Yellowstone Park in 1988.
Dead volcanic(火山的)mountains such as Haleakala on Maui and Carter Lakein Oregon are beautiful to look at.But there are several active volcanoes in the US，especially along the Pacific Coast.There are also many earthquakes in this area.Scientists can do nothing to control earthquakes or volcanoes.This was shown clearly on May 18,1980.At 8?32 that morning，Mount St Helens in Washington state broke out.The top of the mountain was blown off.
Over 60 people—campers，scientists，journalists，forest workers—were killed.Hundreds of square miles of forests were knocked down.In towns over 100 miles away，day suddenly became night.An ash cloud hid the sun for many hours.Towns and fields in Washington，Oregon，and Idaho were covered with dirty gray ash.
Scientists knew that Mr St Helens might erupt(爆发)soon.But no one could say when.And no one expected the terrible strength of the eruption.Many people were surprised and unready.Harry R．Truman,84，owned a small hotel in Mt St Helens.Scientists had asked people to move away because the volcano was becoming dangerous.
But Harry Truman would not leave his home.Now it is covered with many feet of dirty ash.A small cross stands above the place where Harry probably died.Perhaps it is better that he did not see the destruction of Mt St Helens，the once beautiful lake，and the forests.
But slowly，life is returning to the dead area around the mountain.Grass and small plants are beginning to grow again.Deer and birds have been seen.The land will never be the same as it once was.Perhaps Mt St Helens will erupt again.But this is all part of nature's pattern of change，and man has little power to control it.
1．Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．Wind，Water，Fire and Ice
B．Volcano's Beauty and Danger
C．The Power of Nature
D．Natural Force Shapes Beautiful Land for America
答案：C 主旨大意题。作者在此想通过the Grand Canyon的形成过程告诉我们“自然的力量”。
2．After the eruption of volcano，what makes the sky turn dark?
A．The smoke. B．The clouds.
C．The fog. D．The ash.
答案：D 细节理解题。从第六段倒数第二句“An ash cloud hid the sun for many hours.”可知，火山爆发之后，“灰尘”使得天空变暗。
3．The underlined word“it”means________.
A．the body of old Harry
B．the location of Harry's home
C．the opening on top of Mt St Helens
D．the place where Harry probably died
答案：B 词义猜测题。倒数第二段“But Harry Truman would not leave his home.”接下来文章说“Now it is covered with many feet of dirty ash.”，因此it在这里指Harry's home。
4．We can infer from this article that________.
A．Washington and Oregon are neighboring states
B．Colorado River runs through Yosemite Valley
C．the eruption of Mt St Helens also caused trouble with the Yellowstone Park
D．scientists never knew Mt St Helens was active
答案：A 推理判断题。当华盛顿州的圣劳伦斯火山爆发时，“Towns and fields in Washington，Oregon，and Idaho were covered with dirty gray ash.”由此我们可推断Washington，Oregon以及Idaho是三个相邻的州。
Ⅵ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
My friend Vernon Davies kept birds. One day he called and told me he was going away for a week. He asked me to feed__1__birds for him and said that he would leave the key__2__his front door in my mailbox.
__3__(fortunate), I forgot all about the birds until the night before Vernon was going to return. What was worse，__4__was already dark when I arrived at his house. I soon found that the key Vernon gave me could not unlock either the front door__5__the back door. I was getting desperate. I kept thinking of__6__Vernon would say when he came back.
I was just going to give up__7__I noticed that one bedroom window was slightly open. I found a barrel and pushed in under the window. As the barrel was very heavy, I made a lot of noise. But in the end, I managed to climb__8__and open the window.
I actually had one leg inside the bedroom when I suddenly realized that someone__9__(shine) a torch up at me. I looked down and saw a policeman and an old lady, one of Vernon's neighbors. “What are you doing up there？” said the policeman. __10__(feel) like a complete fool, I replied, “I was just going to feed Mr Davies' birds.”
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．the 前面提到了birds，这里特指。
2．to key后面使用介词to。
3．Unfortunately 根据句意，这里指“不幸的是”。
4．it it指时间。
5．or 与前面的either构成either...or...。
6．what what引导宾语从句，做介词of的宾语，同时what做say的宾语。
7．when when引导时间状语从句。
8．up climb up是固定词组“爬上……”。
9．was shining 表示过去正在进行的动作。
10．Feeling 现在分词做伴随状语。
【辽宁卷题型】
W: How should we behave in social life?
M: I think people should trust each other and not be__1__(honest). People shouldn't lie to each other.
W: But is__2__always bad? Sometimes we need to lie__3__(make) people happy. If your ugly friend__4__(ask) you “Am I beautiful？”__5__ should you say? If you tell her the truth, she might be very upset. You should tell her she is beautiful so that she will be happy.
M: I disagree. I think people should always be honest with each other so that they can trust each other. For example, if you tell your ugly friend she is beautiful, she might enter a beauty contest. Then people will laugh__6__her and she will be very sad. Then she will not trust you anymore.
W: That's__7__good point.
M: Do you think__8__people should fight with each other?
W: No, I think fighting is always bad. What do you think?
M: I think that fighting is sometimes necessary. If someone attacks your friends or family, you should defend__9__.
W: I disagree. I think that__10__people refuse to fight, then there will be less fighting.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．dishonest 考查词形转换。由上文中的“trust each other”及此空前的not可知此处应填所给提示词的反义词dishonest。
2．lying 考查语境。由语境可知此处讨论的是撒谎到底好不好，故此处应填动名词形式lying。
3．to make 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知此处应用不定式作目的状语。
4．asks 考查时态和主谓一致。根据上下文时态可知应用一般现在时，且从句的主语是“your ugly friend”，故此处谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
5．What 考查特殊疑问词。由语境可知此处表示“你应该说什么”，故填what。
6．at 考查介词。此处表示“人们将会嘲笑她”，laugh at“嘲笑，讥笑”。
7．a 考查不定冠词。此处表示说话人认为对方的见解好。point“见解”，是可数名词，故其前要填不定冠词a。
8．that 考查宾语从句的引导词。此处缺少连接词，且后面的从句句子成分完整，故此处应用that引导宾语从句。
9．them 考查代词。由前面的“your friends or family”可知此处应填代词them。
10．if 考查连词。此处表示“如果人们拒绝打斗”，故应填if，表示假设。
课件99张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 · 必修3 The Violence of NatureModule 31.1.1 集合的概念第二课时 Grammar I—Everyday English and Function1.1.1 集合的概念Module 3Ⅰ.过去完成时的被动结构
根据汉语完成句子。
①By the time the tornado ended，more than 700 people______________.
到龙卷风结束时，700多人已经死亡了。
②Coghlan travelled back to Canada—after he___________________in Texas!
科格伦在埋葬在得克萨斯州之后又回到了加拿大！had been killedhad been buried
③Many tall buildings had been built in this city____________last year.
到去年年底这个城市建起了许多高楼大厦。
④Six hundred trees had been planted by them_____________________.
到上星期三之前他们已经种了600棵树了。by the end ofbefore last WednesdayⅡ.间接引语
根据汉语完成句子。
①He said，“I am working now.”
→He said that he_____________then.
他说他那时正在工作。
②She said，“Do you often come here to read newspapers？”
→She________me if/whether I often________there to read newspapers.
她问我是不是经常去那里读报。was workingaskedwent
③He asked，“Where do you live？”
→He asked me_____________.
他问我住在哪里。
④“Go out！”the man said to the boy.
→The man________the boy________go out.
那人命令男孩出去。where I lived ordered to 1.ruin
1)n. 倒塌的建筑物；废墟
常用于结构：be/lie in ruins 破烂不堪；呈一片废墟
①Did you see the ruins of a bombed-out office block?
你见到过被炸毁的办公楼的废墟吗？
②The castle now lies in ruins.
这座城堡已成为一片废墟了。
2)vt.(完全地)毁坏；毁掉；使破产
①She poured water all over the painting and ruined it.
她把水倒在这幅画上，把画毁了。
②I was ruined by that law case.
我被那场官司搞得倾家荡产。
知识拓展
be in ruins 呈一片废墟
fall into ruin 已成废墟
bring sth.to ruin 使毁灭
come to ruin 毁灭；落空
go to ruin 毁灭
ruin oneself 自我毁灭词语辨析 ruin，destroy即学即用
语法填空
Her injury________(ruin)her chances of winning the race this time but she will keep on doing her best to achieve her dream.
答案：has ruined 句意：她的伤病毁灭了她这次赢得比赛的机会，但是她会为了实现自己的梦想继续努力。ruin“毁坏；毁灭”，后可接抽象名词，符合题意。
2．erupt vi.(火山的)爆发；喷发；突然发生
①The volcano erupted and killed all the dinosaurs.
火山爆发，杀死了所有的恐龙。
②Laughter erupted from the audience.
观众爆发出笑声。
③Violence erupted in the city after the football match.
足球赛后城市发生了暴力事件。词语辨析
erupt，explode，burst
知识拓展
eruption n. [U，C](火山的)爆发；喷发；突发
①The eruption of volcano makes many people lose their lives.
火山的爆发使许多人丧失了生命。
②It resulted in the eruption of the crisis in Asia.
那件事促成了亚洲危机的发生。即学即用
语法填空
It was during the night that the volcano ________(erupt)suddenly，so few people survived.
答案：erupted 句意：火山是在晚上突然爆发的，所以几乎没人活下来。erupt指火山的“喷发”。符合题意。
3．previous adj. 先的；前的；以前的
①Who was the previous owner of the car?
这辆汽车以前的车主是谁？
②Have you had previous career experience?
你过去有过工作经验吗？搭配
previous to 在……之前
①His father died two hours previous to his arrival.
他父亲在他到达之前两小时去世了。
②Previous to leaving for France，he studied a lot about the country.
他在启程去法国前，对有关法国的事情作了相当多的研究。词语辨析
previous，former
①He said he had arrived on the previous night.
他说他是前一天夜里到达的。
②She is my former landlady.
她是我以前的房东。
即学即用
语法填空
In the opening ceremony，the________championship，wearing his gold medal，lit the flame gladly.
答案：previous 句意：在开幕式上，上一届冠军戴着金牌高兴地点燃了圣火。previous“先前的；早先的”，符合题意。4．possibility n. 可能；可能性；可能发生的事(常用复数)
①Is there any possibility of your getting to London this week?
本周你有可能去伦敦吗？
②What seemed impossible seems a distinct possibility.
过去看似不可能的事现在显然有可能了。
知识拓展
possible adj. 可能的
I'll do everything possible to help you.
我会尽一切可能帮助你。词语辨析
possible，probable，likely①Frost is possible，although unlikely，at this time of year.
在一年中的这个时候，下霜也是可能的，虽然可能性并不大。
②It's highly probable that they will win the match.
他们很可能会赢得这场比赛。
③It's very likely to clear up by and by.
很可能不久要放晴了。即学即用
语法填空
(1)—Is there any possibility________you could pike me up at the airport?
—No problem.
答案：that 题意：“你有可能去机场接我吗？”“没问题。”possibility后是说明其内容的同位语从句，从句不缺少成分，故用that引导。
根据汉语提示完成句子
(2)人们在进行滑板运动时，会意识到可能受伤吗？
Is everyone aware of________________________injury when skateboarding?
答案：the possibility of5．terrifying adj. 吓人的；可怕的
Last night I heard a terrifying sound.
昨晚我听到了可怕的声音。
知识拓展
1)terrified adj. 恐惧的；受惊吓的
He was terrified at the sight.
看到这景象他吓了一跳。
2)terrify vt. 使恐怖；恐吓
The noise which he had made terrified me.
他弄的这些声音吓了我一跳。3)英语中一些表心理变化的动词，其-ing和-ed形式通常起形容词作用，在句中作定语或表语。-ing形式表示“令人……的”；ed形式表示“某人感到……的”。常见的成对的形容词有：
interesting 有趣的；引起兴趣的/interested 对……感兴趣的
surprising 令人惊奇的/surprised 对……感到惊奇的
exciting 令人兴奋的/excited 对……感到兴奋的
moving 感动人的/moved 受感动的
inspiring 鼓舞人心的/inspired 受到鼓舞的
puzzling 令人迷惑的/puzzled 感到迷惑的
即学即用
语法填空
The little girl stood there，not knowing what to do，______(terrify)by what she had seen.
答案：terrified 根据句子结构可知，该句不是并列句。terrify意为“使害怕”，与句子主语之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故应用动词-ed形式。6．luckily/fortunately 幸运地是(常用作插入语，放在句首，用逗号隔开)
Luckily/Fortunately，I passed the exam.
幸运的是，我考试及格了。
知识拓展
1)反义词：unluckily/unfortunately
Unluckily/Unfortunately，he didn't get the job.
不幸的是，他没有得到这份工作。2)lucky/fortunate adj. 好运的，幸运的
①It was lucky/fortunate that I met you here.
我在这儿见到你真走运。
②I was very lucky(fortunate)to get a copy so cheap.
我这么便宜地买到一本，真是幸运极了。
3)luck n. 运气 fortune n. 运气；财富
4)常用来修饰全句的副词有：
fortunately/luckily(幸运地)；unfortunately/unluckily(不幸的是)；thankfully(感谢地)；hopefully(满怀希望地)；sadly(悲伤地)；happily(高兴地)。
即学即用
语法填空
________(fortunate), the fire was discovered soon after it had started.
答案：Fortunately 题意：幸运的是，大火刚着不久就被发现了。fortunately“幸运地”，符合题意。
7．warning n. 警告；告诫
①Thanks to my mother's warning，I didn't get caught in the rain.
多亏了妈妈的警告，我没有挨雨淋。
②There is a warning on the bottle of the medicine.
那药瓶上标有注意事项。知识拓展
warn vt.
1)(常与of，against/about连用)警告；提醒；告诫
①I was warned of the man.
有人警告我要提防那个男人。
②Our teacher warned him against smoking.
我们老师警告他不要吸烟。
上句也可说成：Our teacher warned him not to smoke.
②I warned him of the danger.
我提醒他有危险。
③He had been warned not to talk to anyone.
已警告过他不要与任何人交谈。
④He warned me against crossing the street at that place.
他警告我不要在那个地方过马路。即学即用
语法填空
My father warned me________going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.
答案：against 考查介词用法。句意：我父亲警告我不要去西海岸，因为那里挤满了游客。句中谓语动词warned和介词against搭配，构成warn sb.against doing sth.相当于warn sb.not to do sth, 意思是“警告某人不要干某事”。8．thankfully
1)adv. 幸亏
①There was a fire in the building，but thankfully no one was hurt.
大楼失火了，但幸好没有伤着人。
②Thankfully，the house was empty when I got home.
谢天谢地，我到家的时候房子还空着。
2)adv. 高兴地；感激地
I accepted the invitation thankfully.
我愉快地接受了邀请。
知识拓展
thank v. 谢谢；感谢
thankless adj. 不感激的；不领情的
thanks n. 感谢；感激
Thanksgiving n. 感恩节
即学即用
语法填空
________(thankful)，I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.
答案：Thankfully thankfully用于表示高兴或宽慰，意为“感激地，满怀感谢地；感到欣慰地，感到高兴地”。符合题意。9．hopefully adv. 满怀希望地；有希望地
①The fans waited hopefully in the hall to see their favourite singer.
歌迷们满怀希望地在大厅里等待，以期见到他们最喜欢的歌手。
②Hopefully we'll have finished the project by the end of this month.
我们有希望于本月底结束这项工程。
知识拓展
hopeful adj.满怀希望的；有希望的
①He was the most hopeful candidate for the presidency.
他是最有希望当选总统的候选人。
②I'm hopeful that he'll arrive early.
他会早到的，我对此抱有希望。
即学即用
语法填空
The committee is discussing the problem right now.It will________(hopeful)have been solved by the end of next week.
答案：hopefully 考查副词辨义。hopefully“有希望地”，符合题意。句意：委员会正在讨论这个问题，有希望在下个周末得到解决。10．sadly adv.伤心地；不幸地
①He stared sadly at the ruins of his house.
他悲伤地凝视着他那坍塌的房屋。
②Sadly，he died before he could see his grandchild.
不幸的是，在看到孙子之前他就去世了。
知识拓展
sad adj. 悲伤的；难过的
sadness n．(sad 悲哀＋ness名词后缀)悲哀，悲伤即学即用
语法填空
They looked________(sad)at the burnt clothes and didn't know________to do.
答案：sadly；what 第一个空格为副词sadly修饰短语动词look at；第二个空格为“what＋不定式”结构。句意：他们伤心地看着被烧坏的衣服，不知所措。
11．manage vi.设法，努力，争取；管理
①We managed to get what we wanted.
我们设法得到了我们想要的东西。
②We finally managed to get there in time.
最后我们及时赶到了那里。
③The old man is managing the store all by himself.
这个老人独自经营这家商店。搭配manage to do设法做成
注意：manage后只能接动词不定式作宾语，不可接动名词。英语中很多词都是强调结果的，如果做不到或不成功就不能使用，manage就是其中一个。此外还有：escape(逃脱)与flee(逃跑)；persuade(说服)与advise(劝说)；save(救出)与rescue(营救)；see(看到)与look(看)；be able to(强调做到)与can(只强调可能性)；shoot at(向……射击)与shoot(射中)；listen(听)与hear(听见)等。辨析
manage，try
They tried time and time again and at last they managed to escape to South America.
他们试了一次又一次，最后设法逃到了南美。拓展
manager n．[C]经理 management n．[U]管理
即学即用
语法填空
The readings in the paper is rather difficult，but the girl managed________read it over and got the general idea.
答案：to 句意：报上的内容很难，但这个姑娘却读通了它，还了解了其大意。manage to do sth.“设法做成了某事”，强调结果，符合题意。1.according to...根据；按照；据……所说；按……所记载
①According to today's newspaper，the chairman has gone abroad.
据今天的报纸报道，主席已经出国了。
②According to the radio，it will be snowy today.
据广播报道，今天将会下雪。知识拓展
accord n. 一致；符合；vi.& vt. 相符合；一致；授予；赠予
accordance n. 一致；和谐
in accord with 与……一致；与……相符
with one accord 一致地；一致同意地
of one's own accord 出于自愿；主动地
in accordance with 与……一致；按照
We acted in accordance with your wish.
我们是按你们的意愿办事的。
即学即用
翻译句子
据米克说，这是一部了不起的电影。
_______________________________________________
答案：According to Mick，it's a great movie.
2．catch fire 着火
①This material is not easy to catch fire.
这种材料不易着火。
②Take that carpet away—it might catch fire.
把那块地毯拿开，它可能会着火。联想
即学即用
语法填空
The pile of paper can't________fire；someone must have________fire to it.
答案：catch；set 题意：这堆纸不会自己着火，肯定是有人点着的。catch fire“着火”，侧重动作，均为固定搭配。3．put out 扑灭(火)；关(灯)；伸出；生产；出版
①The firemen soon put the fire out.
消防队员不久就扑灭了那场火。
②The doctor told the boy to put out his tongue.
医生让男孩把舌头伸出来。
③The plant puts out 50 cars a week.
这个工厂每周生产50辆汽车。④They have put out a weekly newspaper.
他们已经出版了一份周报。
词语辨析 put out，go out
①The fire spread so quickly that they couldn't put it out.
火势蔓延太快， 他们无法将其扑灭。
②There was a power cut and all the lights went out.
停电了，所有的灯都熄灭了。
即学即用
语法填空
The fire was________at the cost of a fireman's life.
答案：put out 句意：这场火灾的扑灭是以一位消防队员的生命为代价的。put out“扑灭；熄灭”，为及物动词短语，符合题意。
4．take place 发生；举行
①The story took place in a seaside village.
这个故事发生在海边的一个村子里。
②When will the football match take place?
足球比赛什么时候举行？词语辨析 take place，occur，happen
①When will the wedding take place?
婚礼何时举行？
②Thunderstorms often occur in summer.
雷雨常发生于夏天。
③How did the accident happen?
事故是如何发生的？
即学即用
—Have you heard of the story The Merchant of Venice?
—No.When and where did the story the________？
答案：place 题意：“你听说过《威尼斯商人》这个故事吗？”“没有。这个故事是在什么时间什么地方发生的？”take place“发生”，符合题意。图解语法助记(Ⅰ)表解语法助记(Ⅰ)
过去完成时的被语态由“助动词had＋been＋过去分词”构成。图解语法助记(Ⅱ)表解语法助记(Ⅱ)
(1)时态变化(2)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、方向性动词的变化①Jack said，“I have been working here for a dozen years.”
→Jack said that he had been working there for a dozen years.
杰克说他在那儿工作12年了。
②He said to me，“I read it yesterday.”
→He told me that he had read it the day before.
他告诉我他昨天已经读过了。
③The teacher said，“Please bring all the books downstairs up here.”
→The teacher asked the students to take all the books downstairs up there.
老师让学生把楼下所有的书拿到楼上来。(3)人称的变化即学即用
语法填空
(1)—George and Lucy got married last month.Did you go to their wedding?
—No，I________(invite)．
答案：hadn't been invited 句意：“乔治和露西上月结婚了。你去参加他们的婚礼了吗？”“没有。我没被邀请”。婚礼是在上个月举行，被邀请应是在婚礼举行之前，所以是过去的过去，应用过去完成时的被动语态。
(2)Although the city________(strike)by storms several times，little damage was done.
答案：had been struck 句意：虽然这个城市几次遭到暴风雨的袭击，但几乎没有受到损坏。动词strike与主语the city之间是动宾关系，因此用被动语态。strike这一动作发生在was done之前，即“过去的过去”，因此用过去完成时。
(3)What made the school famous was that more than 90% of the students________(admit)to key universities.
答案：had been admitted 句意：使这所学校出名的是90%的学生被重点大学录取。more than 90% of the students与admit之间是被动关系，且admit这一动作发生在谓语动词之前，故用过去完成时的被动结构。
(4)—I beg your pardon?
—I want to buy toothpaste.
—Oh.You said________wanted to buy toothpaste.
答案：you 句意：“请再说一遍好吗？”“我想买牙膏。”“哦。你说你想买牙膏。”直接引语变为间接引语时，第一人称要改为与引述部分主语一致的人称。(5)—Ann，what did the teacher say?
—She said________film was moving.
答案：that 句意：“安，老师说什么了？”“她说那部电影很感人。”在直接引语中指示代词用this，在间接引语中用that。
(6)He told me that he would go to the zoo ________(tomorrow)．
答案：the next day 句意：他告诉我说他第二天要去动物园。在间接引语中表示将来的时间状语tomorrow要变为the next day或the following day。(7)Tim________(ask)me to repeat my address.
答案：asked 句意：蒂姆要我重复一下自己的地址。若直接引语是表示请求或命令的祈使句，变为间接引语时，应使用ask sb.(not)to do sth.结构。
(8)He said that he________(visit)most places of interest in Europe by then and that he________(leave for)China the next day.
答案：had visited；would leave for 句意：他说到那时他已经参观了欧洲的大部分名胜，他将于第二天前往中国。直接引语中的现在完成时转换为间接引语时应改为过去完成时；直接引语中的一般将来时转换为间接引语时应改为过去将来时。 (9)Miss Wu asked Tom why he________(not turn off)the light when he left.
答案：hadn't turned off 句意：吴老师问汤姆为什么走的时候不关灯。由主句和when引导的时间状语从句可判断用过去完成时；asked后为间接引语，应用陈述语序。
(10)Yesterday our teacher told us that light________(travel)much faster than sounds.
答案：travels 句意：昨天老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快得多。直接引语是客观真理和永恒不变的事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。(11)Our headmaster________(tell)us to keep off the grass.
答案：told 句意：校长要求我们不要践踏草坪。若直接引语是表示命令或请求的祈使句，变为间接引语时，应使用tell/order/ask sb.(not)to do sth.结构。
(12)One of my friends asked me ________ I was interested in music.
答案：whether 句意：我的一个朋友问我是否对音乐感兴趣。直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，用whether或if来引导。(13)“How much did you pay for the computer？”he asked.
→He asked ________ for the computer.
答案：how much I paid 句意：他问我这台电脑花了多少钱。直接引语为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，应变成由疑问词引导的宾语从句，且从句用陈述语序。
(14)“Have you ever been to America？”he asked me.
→He asked me________.
答案：whether I had ever been to America 句意：他问我是否去过美国。直接引语为一般疑问句，间接引语要变为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。主句谓语为一般过去时，直接引语为现在完成时，变为间接引语时要用过去完成时。
(15)When I phoned him that day，he told me that he________(do)some research and________(have)no time for a picnic out.
答案：was doing；had 句意：那天我给他打电话的时候，他告诉我他正在作研究，没有时间出去野餐。直接引语中的现在进行时在间接引语中应改为过去进行时；直接引语中的一般现在时在间接引语中应改为一般过去时。 Ⅰ.单词拼写
1. There is no________(可能)of his arriving on time.
2．The passenger was ________(幸运的)enough to escape being injured in the accident.
3．Smoke and flames came out of the ________(火山)as it erupted.
4．My new school is much bigger than my________(以前的)one.
5．That must have been a ________(可怕的)experience for you.6．Only a few of the more strongly built houses remained standing after the________(地震)．
7．Someone must have been here recently；these________(灰)are still warm.
8．The question was whether to punish him or to let him off with a________(警告)．
答案：1.possibility 2.fortunate/lucky 3.volcano 4.previous/former 5.terrifying 6.earthquake 7.ashes
8．warningⅡ.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. The place was visited recently as a result of a serious volcanic________(erupt)．
2．My repeated________(warn)to her went in at one ear and out at the other.
3．When they heard the bad news，they all looked at the master ________(sad)．
4．She fell off her bicycle last night，but________(thank)she wasn't hurt.
5．There is________(possible)that human beings will ever be controlled by robots.
6．The flight across the ocean in a small plane is a__________(terrify)experience.
答案：1.eruption 2.warnings 3.sadly 4.thankfully
5．possibility 6.terrifying
Ⅲ.语法填空
1．It is said that the old coins________(bury)under the earth for about 100 years by the time they were discovered.
答案：had been buried “by the time＋表示过去的时间状语从句”与过去完成时连用，且bury和the old coins是动宾关系。
2．—Were you late for the film?
—Very late.Half of it________(show)by the time we________(reach)the cinema.
答案：had been shown；reached by the time＋时间状语从句，当从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词则用过去完成时。3．By the time I got to the school，the first class________finished.
答案：had been 当got to the school这一动作发生时，finish这一动作已经完成，且finish和the first class为动宾关系，用过去完成时。
4．All the preparation for the task________(complete)，and we went home happily.
答案：had been completed all the preparation for the task与complete之间为动宾关系，且在went home这一动作发生时，complete这一动作已经完成，故用过去完成时。5．Mrs.Johnson said，“I drew the picture last week.”
→Mrs.Johnson said that________the picture________.
答案：she had drawn；the week before 直接引语变为间接引语时，原来的第一人称变为第三人称，原来的一般过去时变为过去完成时，原来的时间状语last week变为the week before。
6．I told you________(not buy)that car，and now look what has happened.
答案：not to buy tell sb.not to do sth.意为“告诉某人不要做某事”。7．Mr.Green asked Lily________she had written to her father________(yesterday)．
答案：whether；the day before 间接引语中主句的谓语动词是asked时，宾语从句用if或whether引导，且在间接引语中，应将yesterday改为the day before。
8．She asked me________I________(see)a film like that before.
答案：whether；had seen 宾语从句应用陈述语序，且时态要与主句的谓语动词保持一致。9．I remember you mentioned the thing on a________occasion.
答案：previous 句意：我记得你在以前的一个场合曾提到过这件事。previous“以前的”，符合题意。
10．Don't throw the cigarette ends into the paper basket，otherwise you'll________fire to the house.
答案：set 句意：不要把烟头扔在废纸篓里，否则你会把房子点着的。固定短语set fire to...意为“放火；使燃烧”。Module 3 第三课时
Ⅰ.用下列词的适当形式填空
1．They seem to have nothing but bad________.
2．His main________after work is playing football with some friends.
3．He________me not to go near the horse because it kicks.
4．Smoke and flames came out of the volcano as it________________.
5．The noise of the thunder________the small children.
6．Memories of his childhood came________back.
7．After the war the Japanese economy lay in________.
8．Not a few________scenes were cut from the film before it came to show.
9．We'll do everything________to finish the task on time.
10．Their house was burned to________overnight.
答案：1.luck 2.activity 3.warned 4.erupted 5.terrified 6.flooding 7.ruins 8.violent 9.possible 10.ashes
Ⅱ.根据括号内所给的提示翻译下列句子
1．这个学校包括我在内共有20个老师。(in all)
________________________________________________________________________
2．他们的食品消费总计达一千英镑。(a total of)
________________________________________________________________________
3．这棵古树占地面积约为100平方米。(cover an area of)
________________________________________________________________________
4．火山爆发使许多人丧失了生命。(lose one's life)
________________________________________________________________________
5．虽然这个城镇几次遭到暴风雨的袭击，但几乎没有造成损失。(damage)
________________________________________________________________________
答案：
1．There are twenty teachers in all in this school，including me.
2．The cost of their food reached a total of 1,000 pounds.
3．The ancient tree covers an area of about 100 square metres.
4．The volcanic eruption made many people lose their lives.
5．Although the town had been struck/hit by the storm several times，little damage was done.
Ⅲ.语法填空
1．His________(terrify)voice shows that he's greatly________(terrify)．
答案：terrified；terrified 句意：他害怕的声音表明了他被吓坏了。terrified表示人内心的害怕，可修饰look/expression/voice。
2．________is no possibility________I can be admitted to Beijing University.
答案：There；that 句意：我不可能被北京大学录取。考查句型There is no possibility that...……没有可能。此句型相当于It is not possible that...
3．In order to continue to learn by ourselves after leaving school，we must________all learn how to study in the school now.
答案：above 句意：为了毕业后继续自学，我们现在在学校里最重要的是必须学会如何学习。above all最重要的是，符合句意。
4．On our trip to Beijing，we had a blow-out but________(fortunate)we had a spare in the truck.
答案：fortunately 句意：在去北京时，我们的车爆胎了，但幸运的是，我们的卡车上有备用轮胎。fortunately幸运地。
5．It rained heavily in the south，________(cause)serious flooding several provinces.
答案：causing 考查现在分词作结果状语的用法。句意：南方下了大雨，导致好几个省份发了洪水。不定式常表示预料之外的结果，而动词-ing形式常表示预料之中的结果。
6．They have repaired and painted again the building________in the earthquake.
答案：damaged 句意：他们修理好并重新粉刷了地震中受损的大楼。damage不完全损坏，还可以修复使用。根据句意，要用damaged，在此处作后置定语。
7．The policeman warned the driver never________(drive)so carelessly.
答案：to drive 句意：警察警告司机不要漫不经心地开车。warn sb.(not)to do sth.警告(提醒)某人(不)做某事。
8．After the earthquake we could see the________(ruin)of the village.
答案：ruins 句意：地震后，我们看到那个村子成为了废墟。
9．All the preparation work________(complete)，so we started to put away everything.
答案：had been completed 句意：所有的准备工作都已经完成，我们开始把一切整理好。根据后面的谓语动词started可知此处句子表示的是过去的事情，主语all the preparation work与complete之间是被动关系，且此动作发生在started之前，故用过去完成时的被动语态。
10．Shanghai，________(situate)in the east of China，faces to the East China Sea.
答案：situated 句意：上海位于中国东部面朝中国东海。分析语法结构可知空格处作后置定语，谓语动词是faces。根据短语搭配be situated(位于……)，符合题意。
Ⅳ.完形填空
I was a late arrival to university.I didn't enroll(入学)until my 74th year，and wasn't to__1__until last week.At 78，Ⅰ__2__a BA(文学士)in history at Birkbeck University of London(伦敦大学伯贝克学院)．
I grew up in wartime Britain and my__3__was completely destroyed by the war.By the time I left__4__，aged 15，I had been to 11 different schools.__5__the war，I worked as a black cab driver for 42 years，but always__6__that I hadn't received an education.So I enrolled at Birkbeck，which is best at evening__7__.
I soon realized that__8__the education I had missed as a child wouldn't be__9__.I didn't understand a word of my first__10__.With the support of my teachers，I began my study.When I had__11__three weeks into the course，my teacher__12__told me，“You will get this BA，no matter what.Any problems，you come and see me.”The other students also helped to__13__me through.
It hasn't been an easy journey，but I feel__14__to have experienced student life.The day when I found out I'd__15__my degree was full of joy.You can__16__be sure that you're going to make it until you've__17__it through the last exam.
The graduation ceremony last week was one of the__18__moments of my life.My wife，my two sons，my classmates and my teachers were all there to__19__the moment with me.When I heard my name read out and__20__the stage I was able to say that I truly had realized a lifetime aim.
【语篇解读】“我”74岁才上大学，上周刚毕业。78岁的“我”取得了伦敦大学的历史学学士学位，“我”这一生终于如愿以偿了。
1．A.work B．drive
C．graduate D．study
答案：C 背景常识题。根据下文内容可知，这里的意思是“我是上周刚毕业的”。
2．A.started B．finished
C．taught D．devoted
答案：B 词语辨析题。74岁时入学，78岁“完成”了伦敦大学的历史学学士学位的学习。finish表示“完成”。
3．A.education B．hobby
C．health D．job
答案：A 背景常识题。本句是第二段的主题句，根据后面的描述可知，“我”在英国的战乱时期成长，战争完全毁了“我”的“学业”。
4．A.home B．war
C．college D．school
答案：D 词语辨析题。根据后半句I had been to 11 different schools.可知，这里的意思是“15岁离开学校时，我上过11所不同的学校”。
5．A.After B．Before
C．During D．Until
答案：A 习语搭配题。根据后面的I worked as a black cab driver for 42 years可知，应该是战争结束“后”。
6．A.imagined B．felt
C．found D．understood
答案：B 词语辨析题。根据上文可知，“我”接受过教育，但“我”总“觉得”自己没接受过教育。
7．A.dresses B．papers
C．activities D．classes
答案：D 背景常识题。根据第一段可知Birkbeck为伦敦大学的一个学院，“我”在Birkbeck上夜大。所以只有D项符合语境。
8．A.looking up B．making up
C．putting up D．setting up
答案：B 短语辨析题。根据后面的the education I had missed as a child可知，这里说的是“弥补那些孩提时错过的课”。make up在这里表示“弥补”；look up抬头看，查找；put up举起，建立，张贴；set up建立，创立，安排。
9．A.easy B．hard
C．comfortable D．unhappy
答案：A 词语辨析题。根据下文的描述可知，这句话的意思应该是“很快我就意识到，要弥补那些孩提时错过的课并不是一件容易的事”。
10．A.homework B．exam
C．lesson D．experiment
答案：C 词语辨析题。上第一节“课”“我”一点都不懂。
11．A.doubts B．quarrels
C．success D．experience
答案：A 词语辨析题。根据后面的老师鼓励的话语可知，这里表示“当我有疑惑时”。
12．A.seldom B．again
C．almost D．always
答案：D 词语辨析题。根据后面的内容可知，导师总是告诉“我”，“不管怎样，你都会得到这个文学学士学位的。有什么问题，随时来问我。”
13．A.put B．see
C．carry D．read
答案：C 习语搭配题。其他学生也在帮助“我”“渡过难关”。carry sb.through帮助某人渡过难关，符合语境；put sb.through接通某人的电话；see sb.through看穿某人。
14．A.happy B．sad
C．alone D．terrible
答案：A 背景常识题。happy高兴与but转折的意思照应也和下文的full of joy一致。这是一个艰难的学习之旅，但我“有幸”感受到学生时代的生活。
15．A.acted B．answered
C．began D．passed
答案：D 词语辨析题。“我”发现“我”已“通过”学位考试的那一天“我”满心欢喜。
16．A.just B．often
C．never D．even
答案：C 词语辨析题。根据上下文语境可知，直到通过了最后一门考试，你才能确认你真的成功了，做到了。
17．A.done B．made
C．brought D．taken
答案：B 习语搭配题。根据上面的make it可得出答案。固定表达make it表示“成功，办成，做到”。
18．A.kindest B．longest
C．lowest D．proudest
答案：D 背景常识题。上周的毕业典礼是“我”一生中“最自豪”的时刻之一。
19．A.manage B．mark
C．share D．notice
答案：C 背景常识题。“我”的妻子，还有两个儿子，同学和导师们和“我”一起“分享”这一时刻。
20．A.crossed B．lifted
C．placed D．protected
答案：A 词语辨析题。此处意为：当我听到读我的名字时，走过舞台的那一刻，我要说这一生的愿望终于实现了。
Ⅴ.阅读理解
A
Haiti can expect more aftershocks in the coming weeks，and while the usual pattern suggests they will become weaker and less frequent，another one as strong as Wednesday's jolt(猛击)is certainly possible，scientists say.
The battered(打垮了的)nation has felt more than 45 significant aftershocks since the Jan.12 quake.Wednesday's event，originally estimated at magnitude 6.1 but later weakened to 5.9，tied an earlier aftershock as the strongest so far.
“These events are a sign that the land is adjusting to the new reality of the rock layers，” said Bruce Pressgrave，a geophysicist with the US Geological Survey.
Eric Calais of Purdue University，who has studied earthquake potential in the region，said aftershocks could continue for several weeks and that another jolt as strong as Wednesday's would not be surprising.
“They will be less and less frequent，but large ones can still strike，”he said.So buildings are still at risk，especially those already weakened，he said.
Julie Dutton，a USGS geophysicist，agreed that more aftershocks are probable and that another event like Wednesday's was certainly possible.“More likely we see that the earthquakes decrease in size，but you definitely have the potential that you can have a larger earthquake，”she said.
Paul Mann of the University of Texas said it's hard to predict whether another sizable(相当大的)quake is in the future，since“we are dealing with a natural system that is very complex.”
Calais also said the fault(断层)zone responsible for last week's quake extends into the neighboring nation，the Dominican Republic.It's“somewhat of a concern to us”that the Haiti quake may have raised the chances for a quake there.The two countries share the island of Hispaniola.
“But scientists don't know enough to make any forecasts，”he said.“There is so much uncertainty，”Calais said.“At this point we're working really hard to understand last week's earthquake，and from there we can perhaps understand what might happen next.”
【语篇解读】本文报道了海地地震的情况并对余震以及对周边邻国的影响作了介绍和预测。
1．The earthquake originally estimated at magnitude 6.1 happened on________.
A．Jan.12，Wednesday B．Jan.12，Thursday
C．Feb.12，Wednesday D．Feb.12，Thursday
答案：A 细节理解题。根据第二段的表述可知，海地地震发生在一月十二号，星期三。
2．According to Calais' words in Paragraph 4，we can infer that________.
A．aftershocks could continue for several weeks
B．a big earthquake would possibly happen
C．there would be no big earthquake any more
D．it would be surprising that another big earthquake was to happen
答案：B 推理判断题。根据“...aftershocks could continue for several weeks and that another jolt as strong as Wednesday's would not be surprising.”可知，另一个大的地震有可能发生。
3．The passage tells us that________.
A．in the coming weeks，aftershocks will happen
B．it is certain that there will not be a big earthquake in the future in Haiti
C．the aftershocks in this area will become more and more frequent
D．though another big earthquake will possibly hit this area，nothing will happen to the buildings
答案：A 细节理解题。根据文中第一段可知，在未来几周内余震还会发生。故A项正确。
4．The following statements are right EXCEPT________.
A．a big earthquake happened on Wednesday in Haiti
B．Haiti and the Dominican Republic are both on the island of Hispaniola
C．the earthquake happening in Haiti also caused serious damage to the Dominican Republic
D．scientists still can't make accurate forecasts about what will happen in this area
答案：C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，海地地震对the Dominican Republic带来了地震的可能性而不是已经造成了损害。
B
Michael Fish may soon be replaced as a weather forecaster by something truly fishier——the shark(鲨鱼)．
Research by a British biology student suggests that sharks could be used to predict storms.
Lauren Smith,24，is close to completing her study on shark's ability to sense pressure.
If her studies prove the theory，scientists may be able to monitor the behaviour of sharks to predict bad weather.
Miss Smith had previously studied the behaviour of lemon sharks in the Bahamas.
She then used their close relatives，lesser spotted dogfish，for further research at Aberdeen University.
Her work——thought to be the first of its kind to test the pressure theory——resulted from the observation that juvenile blacktip sharks off Florida moved into deeper water ahead of a violent storm in 2001.
Miss Smith said：“I've always been crazy about travelling and diving and this led me to an interest in sharks.”
“I was delighted to have been able to research in the area for my degree.I know there's so much more we need to understand——but it certainly opens the way to more research.”
It has been discovered that a shark senses pressure using hair cells in its balance system.
At the Bimini Shark Lab in the Bahamas，Miss Smith fixed hi-tech sensors to sharks to record pressure and temperature，while also tracking them using GPS(Global Positioning System)technology.
In Aberdeen，she was able to study the effects of tidal(潮汐的)and temperature changes on dogfish——none of which were harmed.She also used a special lab which can mimic(模拟)oceanic pressure changes caused by weather fronts.
She is due to complete her study and graduate later this year.She says she will be looking for a job which will give her the chance to enrich her experience of shark research.
【短文解读】全文讲述了24岁的大学生史密斯的研究：鲨鱼可以为人们预报恶劣的天气。
5．The passage is most probably taken from________.
A．a short-story collection
B．a popular science magazine
C．a research paper
D．a personal diary
答案：B 文章出处题。由文章内容可知，该文出自科学杂志。
6．What do we learn from the first four paragraphs of the passage?
A．Sharks may be used to predict bad weather.
B．Sharks' behaviour can be controlled.
C．Michael Fish is not qualified for his job.
D．Lauren Smith will become a weather forecaster.
答案：A 由文章第一句话可知。
7．Lauren Smith conducted her research by________.
A．removing hair cells from a shark's balance system
B．measuring the air pressure of weather fronts
C．recording sharks' body temperature
D．monitoring sharks' reaction to weather changes
答案：D 细节理解题。由倒数第二段可知，史密斯的研究是通过监测鲨鱼对天气变化的反应进行的。
8．What is the passage mainly about?
A．A popular way of forecasting weather.
B．A new research effort in predicting storms.
C．Biologists' interest in the secrets of sharks.
D．Lauren Smith's devotion to scientific research.
答案：B 主旨大意题。本文讲述了一项新发现：鲨鱼可以预测恶劣的天气。
Ⅵ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
It was my first day in Hangzhou, the Chinese city famous for its natural beauty and history and I didn't have much time to spare. I wanted to see__1__much of the city as possible in the two days__2__I was to return to Guangzhou. My first task was to decide where to go and how to get there. I took out my guidebook__3__which there was a lot of information about the city's well-known tourist__4__(attract) and started to read. At that moment an attractive young lady __5__noticed my book came up__6__me and introduced herself. She said her name was Miss Bai, and she kindly offered to show me__7__the city. I was delighted and was about to accept her proposal when she suggested we first__8__(go) to the West Lake and walk along the Broken Bridge. I quite liked the idea of visiting the West Lake but wasn't so sure about crossing the Broken Bridge. As it was__9__(break), did she expect me to jump across? And I couldn't swim, so if I fell in then I would be drowned. That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation，__10__(close) my book and walked away.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．as as much as possible为常用搭配，这里指作者想尽可能多看看这城市。
2．before 从文意推测作者想在返回广州之前的两天尽可能多看看这座城市。
3．in which是关系代词，指代guidebook，其前用in，表在手册“里面”。
4．attractions attraction为名词，“旅游景点”。
5．who/that 关系代词，指代那位女士。
6．to come up to sb“向某人走来”。
7．around show sb. around“领某人参观”。
8．go suggest后接宾语从句用省略should的动词原形。
9．broken 西湖的断桥是断了的。
10．closed 故事发生在过去，用一般过去时；和declined，walked是并列谓语。
【辽宁卷题型】
M: When are you the happiest?
W: I think I'm the happiest__1__I'm singing. I love singing so much. When I sing, I feel free. How about__2__？
M: I'm the happiest when I play basketball. When I'm playing basketball, I'm not__3__(worry) about anything, and I'm not thinking about anything. When I'm playing basketball, everything is simple. What__4__do you love?
W: I love my family，__5__(especial) my grandmother. My grandmother is so kind and she always wants to help__6__. When I'm sad, she makes me laugh. She tells me stories and teaches me many things.
M: Yes, I also love my family very much. My parents work very hard and try their__7__(good) to make me happy. They always love me and I will always love them and take good care__8__them.
W: What do you__9__？
M: I hate wars and fighting. In history class, we learn about many wars, and they make me angry. I think people should be kind to each other, not fight with each other. What about you?
W: I hate feeling sick. When I'm sick, I feel__10__(help), and I can't do the activities I enjoy or spend time with my friends.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．when 考查时间状语从句的从属连词。此处表示“我认为当我唱歌的时候我最快乐”。
2．you 考查物主代词。此处表示说话人询问对方的情况，故填代词you。
3．worried 考查词性转换。此处需要填所给提示词的形容词形式，be worried about“担心”。
4．else 考查副词。由下文语境可知此处表示问对方“你还有其他喜欢的事物吗”。
5．especially 考查词性转换。由语境可知此处需要填所给形容词的副词形式。
6．others 考查不定代词。此处表示“她总是想帮助他人”，故填不定代词others。
7．best 考查固定结构。try one's best to do sth.“尽某人最大努力做某事”。
8．of 考查介词。take good care of“悉心照料”。此处表示“好好照顾他们”。
9．hate 考查语境。由下文中的“I hate wars and fighting.”可知此处表示说话人问对方讨厌什么。
10．helpless 考查词性转换。由语境可知此处表示“当我生病的时候，我感到无助”，故应填helpless。
课件44张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 · 必修3 The Violence of NatureModule 31.1.1 集合的概念第三课时 Cultural Corner1.1.1 集合的概念Module 3Ⅰ.根据提示写出单词(注意用其适当形式)
1．Is there any________(可能性)that we'll see you this weekend?
2．How do you control your mood not to________(爆发)?
3．Hearing a________(警告)that an earthquake was on the way，the whole family ran to the square quickly.
4．That must have been a________(可怕的)experience for you.( )
5．________(不幸地)，he missed the chance.6．The bad weather________(破坏)our trip.
7．The________(火山)sent clouds of smoke into the air.
8．He takes an________(积极的)part in the school activities.
9．There was a fire in the buildings，but________(谢天谢地)no one was hurt.
10．Severe brain________(损伤)turned him into a vegetable.
答案：1.possibility 2.erupt 3.warning 4.terrifying 5.Unfortunately 6.ruined 7.volcano 8.active 9.thankfully 10.damage3．Shenyang________________the northeast of China.
4．The old house soon______________________________.
5．Do you think you can______________________get us some tickets?
6．The police haven't found out who________the storehouse.
7．They saw a young woman________the house to hang clothes on line.
8．At last firemen________a big forest fire in California.
9．His house________last night.
10．I________early and said to myself，“Shall I get up？”
答案：1.in all 2.cover an area of 3.is situated in 4.fell down 5.manage to 6.set fire to 7.come out of 8.put out 9.caught fire 10.woke upⅢ.读Earthquakes Around the Pacific匹配段落大意
Para.1. a．The reason of the California Earthquake of the 18th of April 1906
Para.2 b．The result of the California Earthquake
Para.3 c．The number of earthquakes a year worldwide
Para.4 d．The worst earthquake in China
Para.5 e．The worst natural disaster in American history
答案：Para.1—c Para.2—d Para.3—e Para.4—b Para.5—a
Ⅳ.根据文章回答问题
1．Why have there been many terrible earthquakes in China?
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________2．Which sentence can be replaced by the following one?
On the 18th of April 1906，the worst earthquake happened in California，the USA.
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
答案：1.Because China is situated in one of the most active earthquake regions in the world.
2．The California Earthquake of the 18th of April 1906 is the worst earthquake that has ever happened in the United States.1.worldwide
1)adj. 遍及全世界的
In a word，worldwide economic trends are good.
总的来说，世界经济趋势是好的。
2)adv. 遍及世界各地，全世界
Our products are sold worldwide.
我们的产品销往世界各地。
知识拓展
world-famous adj. 世界闻名的
world power n. 世界强国
world-class adj. 国际水平的
world war n. 世界大战即学即用
语法填空
Washing machines made by China have won________attention and Haier has become a popular brand.
答案：worldwide worldwide“全世界的”；符合句意。句意：中国制造的洗衣机已经引起了全世界的关注，并且海尔已经成为一个大众喜爱的品牌。
2．active adj. 活跃的；积极的
①He is an active member of the club.
他是俱乐部的积极分子。
②Although she is nearly 80，she is still active.
尽管快80岁了，她还是很活跃。
③She is very active in the local business circle.
她在当地的商业圈非常活跃。搭配
1)take an active part in sth.积极参与某事
He takes an active part in school life.
他积极参与学校活动。
2)be active in(doing)sth.积极参加某事
①She is active in political activities.
她热衷于政治。
②He was active in organizing student meetings.
他积极组织学生集会。
知识拓展
be active in...在……方面活跃/积极
take an active part in 积极参加
actively adv. 积极地；活跃地
activist n. 积极分子
activity n. 活动
即学即用
语法填空
She is by far________(active)member in our group.She keeps coming up with new ideas.
答案：the most active 根据前面的by far及后面的in our group可知，此处的形容词应用最高级形式，active为多音节词形容词，其最高级形式是the most active。3．damage n. [U]& v. 损失；损害
①The storm didn't do much damage.
暴风雨并未造成严重损失。
②Smoking can damage your health.
吸烟会损害你的健康。
搭配
do/cause damage to对……造成损害
The accident didn't do/cause much damage to either of the cars.
这两部车都没有因为车祸受到太多的损坏。词语辨析 damage，destroy，ruin
①I damaged my shoes in football practice today.
今天足球训练时我把鞋弄坏了。
②The building was completely destroyed by fire.
那座建筑物被火烧得一干二净。
③The bad weather ruined our trip.
恶劣的天气破坏了我们的旅行。
即学即用
语法填空
Many buildings and roads were badly________when the heavy snow suddenly struck that city.
答案：damaged 句意：大雪突然袭击了那座城市，很多建筑物和公路被严重破坏。damage“破坏，损坏”，符合题意。1.in all＝as a total 总共；总计
①There were twelve of us in all for dinner.
我们一共有12人吃晚饭。
②That's ￡ 25.40 in all.
总计25.40英镑。
知识拓展
all in all 总的说来
above all 首先；重要的
not at all 一点也不；不用谢
after all 到底；毕竟；别忘了①All in all it had been a great success.
总的说来，那是个巨大的成功。
②—Thank you very much for your help.
多谢你的帮忙。
—Not at all.
别客气/不用谢。
③You shouldn't have scolded the boy at all.He is a child after all.Above all，he made only two mistakes in all.
你根本不该责备那孩子，他毕竟还是个孩子；更重要的是，他总共才出了两处错。
即学即用
语法填空
We give dogs time，space and love we can spare，and________return，dogs give us their all.
答案：in 考查in的词组。in return“作为回报”。
2．happen to(某人)发生了什么事；(某物)发生了什么情况
①What has happened to the recorder?
录音机怎么了？
②A funny thing happened to me on my way home last night.
昨天晚上我回家的路上发生了一件有趣的事情。
知识拓展(1)
“某人怎么了”的其他几种译法：
what happen to sb. what's wrong/the matter with sb.
what become of sb. what's up with sb.
你昨天晚上怎么了？? What happened to you last night?
＝What was wrong/the matter with you last night?
＝What became of you last night?知识拓展(2)
happen(chance)to do sth.(＝do sth.by chance)碰巧；恰好
It(so)happened (chanced)that...
①It happened to be raining when I arrived in London.
我到达伦敦时，天碰巧在下雨。
②My brother happened not to have seen the note.
我弟弟碰巧没有看到那张条子。
③It(so)happened that I had no money with me.＝I happened to have no money with me.
我碰巧身上没带钱。
友情提示
当happen后的不定式所表示的动作正在进行或已经完成，需要用不定式的进行时或完成时。即学即用
语法填空
I was out of town at the time，so I don't know exactly how it________(happen)．
答案：happened 本题考查具体语境中的时态，后一句隐藏的时间状语是at the time，相当于at that time，该短语与一般过去时连用。Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．As is known to all，the Internet is a________(全世界的)computer network.
2．Last week，a violent storm attacked our town and did serious________(损害)．
3．She took a(n)________(积极地)part in collecting money for pandas.
4．Can you tell me where the new school will be________(位于)?
答案：1.worldwide 2.damage 3.active 4.situated
Ⅱ.同义句转换
1．The ship carried 94 people in all，including scientists.
The ship carried________________________94 people，including scientists.
2．About ten million people live in Tianjin，a famous coastal city.
Tianjin，a famous coastal city，__________________about ten million.
3．Great changes have happened since you moved out of the town.
Great changes have________________since you moved out of the town.
答案：1.a total of 2.has a population of 3.taken placeⅢ.语法填空
1．In that place she________(experience)real fear for the first time in her life.
答案：experienced 本题动词表示“经历”，故用experience。由句意可知用一般过去时。
2．The cottage is situated in a valley with a stream__________(flow)behind it.
答案：flowing 本题是with复合结构作定语修饰valley，在这个with复合结构中，宾语stream与宾补flow是主动关系。3．He will end________in prison if he's not careful.
答案：up 本题中，end up表示“结束”；“告终”。句意是：他如果不当心的话，迟早会进监狱。
4．You've been absent six times________our records.
答案：according to 句意：根据我们的记录，你已缺勤6次了。according to“根据”，符合句意。
5．It's believed that some words such as“sandwich”and“hamburger”were________(original)the names of people or even towns.
答案：originally originally adv.“最初地”，符合句意。
6．Several________(million)people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day.
答案：million 如果在million前有具体数字或several等词修饰时，要用单数形式。
7．There are thirty________all in the party who will travel to Hong Kong.
答案：in in all“总共，共计”，符合句意。8．Sometimes the earthquake can cause great________to economy.
答案：damage 题意：有时候地震能够给经济增长造成巨大的损失。damage“破坏；损害”，是不可数名词，cause damage to“对……造成损害”，是固定搭配，符合题意。
9．While a person is asleep，a part of his brain is still______.
答案：active active“活跃的”，句意为“当人在睡觉时，大脑的一部分还在继续活动”。
10．The population of China________the largest in the world and about 70% of the population________farmers.
答案：is；are 句意：中国是世界人口最多的国家，其中70%是农民。population作主语且前有分数或百分数修饰时，谓语动词用复数形式；单独作主语表示一个国家或地区整体人口时谓语动词用单数形式。课件9张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 · 必修3 The Violence of NatureModule 3超强台风“鲇鱼”袭击菲律宾，引发暴雨、洪水以及山体滑坡，给当地人民的生命和财产造成很大损失。幸运的是，在此之前人们已经做了应对这次台风的准备。
Super Typhoon Megi hit the Philippines
Super Typhoon Megi hit ashore(向岸上)along the Philippines' northeastern coast today with strong winds of 140 mph—the strongest typhoon to hit the country in years.Weatherman Robert Sawi warned millions of inhabitants and rice farmers along the typhoon's path to look out for damage to crops，homes and power lines.
As it crossed the main northern island of Luzon，Mr Sawi warned of possible floods and landfalls，particularly in the Cordillera Mountains.Flood-stricken areas① of China and Vietnam were also preparing for more rains from the powerful storm.Megi was expected to move on towards southern China，which has already evacuated(转移)more than 100,000 people from villages because of earlier flooding.More than② 3,000 people in coastal areas moved to school buildings and town halls that were turned into evacuation③ centers.Classes and outdoor activities were cancelled and officials advised families to have one person stay awake overnight in case of any accident.Ships and fishing boats were told to stay in ports，and several flights were cancelled.Rescue(救援)boats and thousands of food packs have been prepositioned near the areas.“This is like preparing for war，”Mr Ramos，an army officer，said.“We've learned lessons from the past and we're aiming for zero damage.”Weathermen said the capital was expected to avoid a direct hit this time although the lowest weather alert(戒备)was in effect Monday with preschools closed.In Cagayan，officials ordered villagers to move out of high-risk neighborhoods in 12 coastal towns.Farmers in Cagayan，a rice-and tobacco-producing region of more than a million people about 250 miles northeast of Manila，had been warned to harvest as much of their crops as possible before the typhoon hit.
As it crashed ashore，the typhoon caused huge waves and blew down electricity poles，cutting off④ power，phone and Internet services in many areas.Radio reports said the wind was so powerful that people could not take more than one step at a time.
知识点击
①洪水侵袭地区 ②多于；超过 ③疏散 ④切断
自主探究
Read the text carefully and fill in the blanks.
1．Robert Sawi warned inhabitants and________farmers along the typhoon's________to look out for damage to crops，________and power lines.
2. The typhoon blew down________poles，cutting off power，________and________services in many areas.
答案：1.rice；path；homes 2.electricity；phone；Internet
