Module 5 第一课时
Ⅰ.根据汉语提示写出单词
1．Everyone should enjoy________(平等)in employment，whatever family backgrounds they are from.
2．In some ways，a healthy mind is even more________(重要的)than a healthy body.
3．The organization________(建立)by the famous actress has helped countless children who lost their parents.
4．Many old people still have the________(信念)that boys are better than girls.
5．It is debatable whether an official can use his________(职位)for his personal interest.
6．Ways must be found to avoid the effect of________(压力)，bad diets and overwork on our health.
7．She________(辞职)from the directorship and left the firm.
8．He________(命令)us to leave at once，but nobody followed it.
9．I can't thank you enough for your________(善良)．
10．The general________(原则)is that education should be available to all children up to the age of 16.
答案：1.equality 2.important 3.founded 4.belief
5．position 6.stress 7.resigned 8.ordered 9.kindness 10.principle
Ⅱ.根据括号内所给的提示翻译下列句子
1．中国生产的自行车比日本生产的便宜。(those)
________________________________________________________________________
2．他花了3年多的时间专门画老北京的胡同。(spend)
________________________________________________________________________
3．如果你照医生的建议去做，一切都会好的。(follow one's advice)
________________________________________________________________________
4．比尔出生于加拿大，但是在美国长大。(bring up)
________________________________________________________________________
5．电话在我们的日常生活中是很重要的。(importance)
________________________________________________________________________
答案：
1．Bicycles made in China are cheaper than those made in Japan.
2．He spent more than three years specially(in)drawing the Hutongs of the old Beijing.
3．Everything will go right if you follow the doctor's advice.
4．Bill was born in Canada but was brought up in America.
5．Telephone is of great importance in our daily life.
Ⅲ.根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列句子，每空一词
1．It's our duty to________________(照顾)the children who are weaker than ourselves.
2．People look down upon Tim，because he________his sick mother________(对……不好)．
3．We all know that an hour________________________(与……相等)sixty minutes.
4．She travelled________________________________(从一地到另一地)，collecting information about local culture.
5．I think everyone should________________________(对……友好)animals and not hurt them.
6．The way he speaks is very________________(与……相似)that of my previous teacher，Mr.Smith.
答案：1.look after 2.treats；badly 3.is equal to 4.from place to place 5.be kind/friendly to 6.similar to
Ⅳ.根据课文内容填空，每空一词
Confucius was a famous 1.________whose influence has been the greatest.He 2.________the importance of kindness，duty and 3.________in society.Mencius was a thinker whose 4.________were very similar to those of Confucius.Mencius was 5.________up by his mother.He was given an important 6.________in the government of a state.However，he 7.________when he saw that the ruler wasn't following his advice.He believed that people were more important than 8.________.Mozi was another teacher who was very 9.________.He became famous for his unusual clothes and behaviour.Mozi believed that all men were 10.________.
答案：1.philosopher 2.stressed 3.order 4.teachings 5.brought 6.position 7.resigned 8.rulers 9.influential
10．equal
Ⅴ.语法填空
1．—Can I help you?
—I'd like to buy a present for my best friend，________at proper price but of great use.
答案：one 考查代词用法。句意：——需要帮忙吗？——我想为我最好的好朋友买一件礼物，一件价格合适但又好用的礼物。one在句中作a present的同位语，相当于a present。
2．John is the boy________legs were badly hurt in the accident.
答案：whose 句意：约翰就是那个在这次事故中腿部严重受伤的男孩。考查定语从句，先行词是the boy，定语从句中缺少定语修饰legs，所以要用whose。
3．My son has a good habit of keeping a diary every day；________a result，he is good at writing.
答案：as 句意：我儿子养成了每天写日记的好习惯，因此他擅长写作。as a result表示“结果，因此”，分析题干可知后半句是前半句的结果，因此用as。
4．The girl expressed her satisfaction with the exam result，________(add)that she will work harder for a better performance.
答案：adding 考查非谓语动词。句意：女孩对考试结果感到满意，她补充说，她将会更加努力学习，以取得更好的成绩。adding在句中充当伴随状语，表示与前面的expressed同时发生的动作。
5．I saw Mary dancing at Kate's birthday party and on that________(场合)she was really excellent.
答案：occasion 考查名词。句意：在凯特的生日晚会上我看到玛丽在跳舞，在那样的场合，她确实非常出色。occasion时机，场合。
6．—Why did you ________？
—I have been offered a better position at IBM.
答案：resign 考查动词辨析。句意：——你为什么辞职？——IBM为我提供了一个更好的职位。
7．Fitness is important in sport，but of at least________importance are skills.
答案：equal 考查语境条件下形容词词义。句意：在体育运动中，身体状态是重要的，但是技巧至少也同等重要。equal相等的，同样的，(be)of equal importance意为“同样重要”。注意此句中but后面的分句为倒装句，of importance等于important作表语，作者实际上是拿skills和fitness做对比，强调二者同等重要。根据语境判断，此处用equal最为合适。
8．Our English teacher always________the importance of reading aloud.
答案：stresses 句意：我们英语老师总是强调大声朗读的重要性。stress用作动词，意为“强调”。
9．Nearly all educators believe that a challenging situation can often bring________the best qualities of a person.
答案：out 考查动词短语。句意：几乎所有的教育工作者都相信挑战性的环境经常可以将一个人的最好的品质展现出来。bring out使显现，阐明。
10．The reason________many college graduates fail to find proper jobs is________they have enough book knowledge but no necessary skills for the jobs.
答案：why；that 句意：许多大学毕业生找不到合适工作的原因是他们有足够的书本知识却没有从事这些工作的必要技能。the reason why...is that...为固定句式，意为“……的原因是……”。
Ⅵ.阅读理解
A
I am a Chinese.I've always been making dreams from time to time.Those dreams made by each average Chinese like me are certainly Chinese dreams.Dreams vary from person to person，and also from time to time.But in a certain times，people share the similar dreams.Here I'd like to share my Chinese dreams with you.
When I was a child in 1970s，poverty kept hovering over my family，just as it did with other average families in the countryside.The unfit second-hand clothes，rain-leaking roof of old adobe(土坯)house became part of my memory.However，the worse impression is that I was feeling hungry all the time.Sometimes hunger bit me so severely that I regarded dried sweet potato slices as a delicious snack，the sharp crack of chewing which are still echoing(回响)in my dream.At that time，my dream was getting enough to fill my cooing(咕咕响)empty belly.
In the early years of 1980s，as the reform and opening-up policy was carried out，the child dream came true.And then，another dream became clearer and clearer in my mind.I must try my best to escape out of my poor and backward hometown.I worked harder at my study than most of my classmates，and，after luckily succeeding in the national college entrance examination，my dream became reality again：after graduation，I became a citizen working in a city.As the first college graduate out of a remote village，my success set an example for my folks.They came to realize that schooling is a good way to change one's fate.In the following years，there were less drop-outs and more college graduates in my village，of which I am proud even today.
Afterwards，I got accustomed to the life of citizens and I began to dream the same things as other peers：a comfortable home，my own car and a big house.Based on my hard-work，more than ten years passed，all of these dreams have been fulfilled.Of course，new dreams will occur to me again and again as time goes on.Whatever，I believe most of my dreams will come true sooner or later only if my motherland keeps advancing with current pace.
My Chinese dreams are also ones of other Chinese people.If every individual's dreams come true，the dream of the great rejuvenation(复兴)of the Chinese nation will be sure to come true.“The Chinese dream，after all，is the dream of the people，”as the Chairman Xi Jinping said.
【语篇解读】作者描述了自己从孩提时代一直到成人的种种梦想以及其实现的简单情况。作者由自己的梦想说到全民族的中国梦，说明中国梦就是民族梦。人们期待着中国梦的实现。
1．When the author was young，his family________.
A．was as poor as many other families
B．was richer than other average families
C．didn't like the second-hand clothes
D．never get the author's belly cooing
答案：A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知A项正确。文中的描述是“作者小时候，家庭贫困，这与其他很多普通家庭相似”。
2．What is it that made the author's child dream come true?
A．Selling the dried sweet potato slices.
B．The country's reform and opening-up policy.
C．Escaping from his poor hometown.
D．Working harder than any other classmates.
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第三段中第一句可知作者儿时的梦想之所以能得以实现，主要是因为国家的改革开放政策。故选B。其他三项描述都不正确。
3．Which of the following statements about the author is WRONG?
A．The author has many dreams in his life.
B．The author received his college education.
C．There are more drop-outs in the author's village.
D．The author realized all of his dreams by hard-working.
答案：C 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知C项是错的，因为文中说作者的村里辍学的人越来越少了。本文主要讲了作者从儿时一直到长大成人后的许多梦想是如何实现的，故A正确；根据第三段中第四句可知作者通过自己的努力考入了大学，故B项也正确；D项从第三、四两段也很容易判断出是正确的。
4．What's the meaning of the underlined word“fulfilled”in the fourth paragraph?
A．failed B．remote
C．realized D．changed
答案：C 词义猜测题。根据上文“Based on my hard-work”可知作者是通过勤奋来实现自己的梦想的。故fulfill的意思是realize“实现”。
B
Kong Zi，also called Confucius(551-479 B．C.)，and Socrates(469-399 B．C.)lived only a hundred years apart，and during their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece，but it is interesting to look at how the world that each of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas，and how these ideas in turn，shaped their societies.
Neither philosopher lived in times of peace，though there were more wars in Greece than in China.The Chinese states were very large and feudal，while the Greek city-states were small and urban.The urban environment in which Socrates lived allowed him to be more radical(激进的)than Confucius.Unlike Confucius，Socrates was not asked by rulers how to govern effectively.Thus，Socrates was able to be more idealistic，focusing on issues like freedom，and knowledge for its own sake.Confucius，on the other hand，advised those in government service，and many of his students went on to government service.
Confucius suggested the Golden Rule as a principle for the conduct of life.“Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you.”He assumed that all men were equal at birth，though some had more potential than others，and that it was knowledge that set men apart.Socrates focused on the individual，and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom.He believed that some had more potential to develop their reason than others did.Like Confucius，he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior(下层的)classes.
For Socrates，the family was of no importance，and the community of little concern.For Confucius，however，the family was the centre of society，with family relations considered much more important than political relations.
Both men are respected much more today than they were in their lifetimes.
5．Which of the following is TRUE according to the first paragraph?
A．Socrates and Confucius had much in common.
B．Confucius had much influence on Socrates' ideas.
C．The societies were influenced by the philosophers' ideas.
D．There were cultural exchanges between China and Greece.
答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句后半句推知“...and how these ideas in turn，shaped their societies”是本段的主题句，即为正确句，而A项在第一段没有提及，B项与D项与第一段的“during their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece”不符。
6．Socrates shared with Confucius the idea that________.
A．all men were equal when they were born
B．the lower classes should be ruled by the upper class
C．the purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdom
D．people should not ask others to do what they did not want to
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Like Confucius，he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior classes.”可以推断。
7．What made some people different from others according to Confucius?
A．Family. B．Potential.
C．Knowledge. D．Community.
答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“...and that it was knowledge that set men apart.”可以判断。
8．This passage is organized in the pattern of________.
A．time and events
B．comparison and contrast
C．cause and effect
D．definition and classification
答案：B 主旨大意题。文章的谋篇布局主要是以比较和对照来阐述两位伟大哲学家孔子与苏格拉底的哲学思想对社会的影响以及思想观点的相似与不同的。故B项正确。
Ⅶ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
Born in England, on March 18, 1989, Lily Collins is the daughter of singer Phil Collins and his second wife, Jill Tavelman. Collins started acting__1__she was an infant (幼儿)with a role in the British version of the television series Growing Pains.__2__(move) to the United States at the age of six, she began performing__3__(music) theater (音乐剧) and drama at the Youth Academy for Dramatic Arts.
At the__4__of 15, Collins discovered her passion for journalism when she began working for the popular fashion magazine Elle UK，__5__she created and wrote a page on Hollywood trends and Los Angeles hot spots，__6__(call) LA Confidential.
Now studying communication at the University of Southern California's Annenberg School for Communication, Collins is also a model who is busy__7__different fashion shows.
Collins appeared in two series before moving onto the big screen, playing__8__daughter of Sandra Bullock's character in The Blind Side. __9__has also filmed a role opposite Paul Bettany in the thriller (恐怖片) Priest.
In 2008, Collins received the Best International Model Award at the 2008 Spanish Glamour Awards in Madrid. Also she__10__(present) with “One to Watch Award” at the 2008 Young Hollywood Awards.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．when 根据上下文可知，此处是时间状语从句。
2．Moving move与逻辑主语she之间有主谓关系，用现在分词做状语。
3．musical 根据此处句子结构，应用形容词做表语。
4．age 表示“十五岁”用at the age of 15。
5．where 根据句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中做状语，先行词表地点，所以用where。
6．called hot spots与call之间有逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词做定语。
7．with 表示“忙于做……”，用be busy with sth。
8．the 名词daughter之后有介词短语of Sandra Bullock's character修饰，用the表特指。
9．She 根据上文的语意和逻辑关系，此处指Collins，用she代替。
10．was presented 此处表示“被颁奖”，发生的时间是在过去，所以用过去时的被动语态。
【辽宁卷题型】
Helen：Edith, as you read Shakespeare's book yesterday, can we talk about Shakespeare?
Edith: Yes. Cool!
Helen: First of all, who is Shakespeare?
Edith: Shakespeare is one of__1__famous playwrights of the world. He was born in 1564 and died in 1616. In his relatively(相对) short__2__he produced an enormous body of work. He produced historical plays，tragedies, comedies, poetry, sonnets... So he was an extremely prolific writer and I think the reason why he's so famous even today is__3__the themes he chose for most of his work__4__universal.
Helen: How much of the English__5__(change) since the original Shakespeare to the English we have today?
Edith：Back in those days English had a vocabulary of about 150,000 words，whereas(鉴于，然而) now the vocabulary of English is one of the highest in the world. Shakespeare couldn't make__6__(he) understood if he__7__back today, because his English is really easy. But of course English has changed from that era until today.
Helen：His English is easy? But__8__I read it，it seems pretty tough!
Edith ：Well, that's because his English was used__9__a different way. Some words and some grammatical structures are no longer in English today, and we__10__(use) English in this way any more.
Helen: Thanks.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．the most 考查形容词最高级。句意为“莎士比亚是世界上最有名的剧作家之一”，所以用最高级the most。
2．life 考查名词。根据句意以及short的提示，只能填life。
3．that 考查名词性从句。the reason是主语，why后面是修饰the reason的定语从句，is是句子的系动词，因此后面是表语从句，用that引导。
4．were 考查动词时态。上一题的that引导的是表语从句，这个从句中的主语是the themes，he chose for most of his work是the themes的定语从句，were是系词，universal是形容词作表语。因为主语the themes是复数，且动作是过去发生的，用过去式，所以填were。
5．has changed 考查时态。由句中的since短语可推断出答案。
6．himself 考查代词。make sb. understood是“使某人被理解”，因为莎士比亚是让他自己被读者理解，所以用反身代词himself。
7．came 考查虚拟语气。句中有个today，可见是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，主句在前，条件状语从句在后。与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用一般过去式，主句用should/could/would/might do。
8．when 考查状语从句。根据句意可知，此处when引导时间状语从句。
9．in 考查介词。“以……方式”用in a．..way。
10．don't use 考查动词形式。and前后两句呈并列关系，前一句说的是“英语中的一些词和语法结构今天已经不存在了”，那么，后一句应说的是“我们也不再这样运用英语”，尤其是any more更加肯定了答案是don't use。
课件97张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 · 必修3 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient ChinaModule 51.1.1 集合的概念第一课时 Introduction & Reading1.1.1 集合的概念Module 5
Ⅰ.写出黑体单词在句中的含义并识记
1．We hope that every one in the country can get an equal chance to take a job.( )
2．She is a new teacher and often finds it hard to keep order in the classroom.( )
3．The man has held the position as an assistant manager for nearly three years.( )平等的 秩序 职位
4．He has been stressing how effective the medicine is without mentioning the side effect it probably has.( )
5．He resigned as adviser in the company because of his bad health.( )
6．This is the most influential book I have ever read in the past ten years.( )强调辞职有影响的Ⅱ.根据汉语释义补全下列短语
1．与……交战 be________war________
2．与……相类似 be similar ________
3．抚养，教育 bring________
4．听从某人的建议 ________one's advice
5．与……不同 be different________
6．在某些方面 ________some ways
7．周游列国 travel________state________state
8．照顾 look________atwithtoupfollowfrominfromtoafter
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Treat others in________you want to be treated.
己所不欲，勿施于人。
2．Mencius had important government positions，and______________.
孟子在政府中担任过要职，墨子也是。the wayso did Mozi
3．But____________________there were many great philosophers.
但是就在那个时代也出现了很多伟大的哲学家。
4．Mencius believed that_________________man is different from animals________man is good.
孟子认为人区别于动物的原因就在于人性本善。it was also a time whenthe reason whyis that
Ⅳ.语篇理解
Step 1 Introduction
The following are some beliefs of some great ancient philosophers and match them with their Chinese meanings.
1．Man is born good.( )
2．All human beings are equal.( )
3．The family is important.We are members of a group.( )
4．Treat others in the way you want to be treated.( )
5．People are more important than rulers.( )
6．We should love all human beings.( )
A．民贵君轻 B．家天下
C．人性本善 D．己所不欲，勿施于人
E．兼爱 F．众生平等Step 2 Fast-reading
Fill in the blanks according to the passage.Step 3 Careful-reading
Ⅰ.Read the passage and answer the question.
What did all the philosophers mentioned in the passage believe in?
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________Ⅱ.Choose the best answer according to the passage.
1．What is the similarity of Confucius and Mozi?
A．They lived in the same period of time.
B．They held the same view that the government was most important.
C．They had the same idea of kindness.
D．They were born poor.2．What is the difference between Confucius and Mencius?
A．Their teachings.
B．They thought man is good.
C．Their ideas.
D．The ideas about rulers and people.
3．________believed that all men were equal.
A．Mozi B．Confucius
C．Mencius D．Philosophers
4．Which of the following is right according to the passage?
A．Confucius was the teacher of Mencius and Mozi.
B．Mozi stressed the importance of kindness.
C．Mencius hated the rulers who treated people badly.
D．Confucius was brought up by his mother alone.Step 4 Summary
Fill in the blanks according to the passage.
Confucius's 1.________is that he believed that 2.________，duty and 3.________played an important part in society.His ideas have influenced Chinese society for over 4.________years.5.________believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is 6.________________.He thought that people were more 7.__________________than rulers，and hated the state when it treated people badly.Mozi considered that 8.__________was of great importance.He believed all men were 9.________.He taught that we should love all human beings and look after those who are 10.________than ourselves.Step 5 Discussion
Why do people all over the world want to know more
about the thoughts of Confucius?
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________答案：Step 1 1.C 2.F 3.B 4.D 5.A 6.E
Step 2 1.Confucius's 2.Mencius's 3.Mozi's
Step 3
Ⅰ.The importance of kindness，duty and order in society; man is kind and the importance of government.
Ⅱ.1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C
Step 4 1.ideas/teachings 2.kindness 3.order 4.2,000 5.Mencius 6.good 7.important 8.government 9.equal 10.weakerStep 5
(1)Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest in China.
(2)He stressed the importance of kindness，duty and order in society and Chinese society was influenced by these ideas for more than 2,000 years.
(3)As far as I am concerned，if human beings want to survive in the 21st century，we have to seek wisdom from Confucius.1.importance n. [U]重要，重要性
①The importance of telling the truth cannot be doubted.
讲真话的重要性是毋庸置疑的。
②The student hasn't recognized the importance of English.
这个学生尚未意识到英语的重要性。归纳
“be of＋抽象名词”结构：
be of importance(＝important)重要的
be of help(＝helpful)有帮助的
be of use(＝useful)有用的
be of value(＝valuable)有价值的
be of interest(＝interesting)有趣的
be of hope(＝hopeful)有希望的
注意：“be＋of＋抽象名词”结构中抽象名词前可根据需要加上一些形容词，如great，no，little，much，some等。即学即用
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The achievements of this research will be of great____________(important)for the development of human civilization.
答案：importance 句意：该研究成果将对人类文明的发展极为重要。importance“重要”，be of great importance意为“极为重要”，符合题意。2．equal adj.相等的；相同的；能胜任的 v.相等；抵得上；敌得过
Men and women have equal rights in China.
在中国，男女权利平等。①Cut the apple into 3 equal pieces.
把苹果等分切成三块。
②Mary is quite equal to Bill in brains.
玛丽和比尔同样聪明。
③None of us can equal her，either in beauty or as a dancer.
不管是容貌还是舞艺我们都比不上她。
拓展
1)be equal to sth./doing sth.等于；能胜任
2)be without equal无与伦比；无敌
3)equally adv.同样地；相等地
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(1)他能胜任管理办公室的工作。
He________________________running the office.
(2)我希望他最后能应付这一挑战。
I hope that he proves________________the challenge.
答案：(1)is equal to (2)equal to
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(3)You can depend on it that I'm trying to do what is best，but________I have got to consider the cost.
答案：equally equally“同样地，相等地”，符合句意。句意：我将尽我最大的努力去做好这一点，你可以放心，但是同样地我也会去考虑费用。3．state
1)n.
(1) [C]状态；情形
the state of the nation 国家的形势
the state of one's health 健康的状况
a happy state of one's mind 某人愉快的心情
(2)(常大写)国家；政府
Should industry be controlled by the State?
工业应受政府管制吗？(3)matters of state 国家事务
(4)(常大写)州
the 50 states of the US 美国的五十个州
2)v.(尤指正式地)说；陈述；叙述
①State your name and address.
请说出你的名字和地址。
②The book states the case for women's right very clearly.
这本书对女权的问题叙述得很清楚。
词语辨析
country，nation与state
三个词都有“国家”之意。
1)country侧重疆土、国土，是地理意义上的国家。
France and Switzerland are European countries.
法国和瑞士是欧洲国家。
2)nation侧重人民，指“民族”。
In 1790 the new nation had fewer than four million people.
1790年这个新成立的国家的人口不到四百万。
3)state侧重政权，指“政府”。
In China，the railways are owned by the state.
在中国，铁路是国有的。
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The railways were once privately owned，but are now under ________ control(国家的)．
答案：state
4．stress vt. 强调；施压于；使紧张
①I must stress that we haven't much time.
我必须强调我们没有多少时间了。
②The weight stressed the bridge to the point of damaging it.
载重负荷把桥压得达到损坏的程度了。
③When you're not stressed，you can be more productive.
只有在不紧张的时候你才会更有创造力。
③The detective placed great stress on details.
侦探特别强调细节。
be under great stress 压力很大
He is under great stress because of his new job.
新工作使他感到压力很大。即学即用
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(1)英语老师强调了阅读的重要性。
The English teacher________the importance of reading.
(2)政府着重于福利事业。
The government________________________welfare work.
(3)新的工作使他感到压力很大。
He is________________________because of the new job.
答案：(1)stressed (2)lays/puts/places stress on (3)under great stress
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(4)Susan was completely weighted down by the________of examinations.
答案：stress 句意：苏珊完全被考试的压力压垮了。stress“压力”，符合句意。5．order
1)n. 次序；顺序；状况；工作状况
in order of...照(依)……排列
in order of size/importance 按大小/重要性排列
out of order 不整齐；状况不佳
in good order 井井有条
in order 处于正常情况；情况良好；整齐
keep order 维护秩序
注意：以上短语中不使用冠词。2)vt. 命令；吩咐
(1)跟不定式的复合结构。
The emperor ordered them to work at once.
皇帝命令他们马上干活。
(2)跟带介词短语或副词的复合结构。
He ordered us to the front.
他命令我们奔赴前线。
(3)跟从句(从句中用(should)＋动词原形)。
He ordered that we(should)do it at once.
他命令我们马上做此事。 (4)跟名词。
The chairman ordered silence.
主席要大家安静。
3)vt. 叫(菜等)；定(订)货
It's time we ordered dinner.
现在该点饭菜了。
4)n. 命令；吩咐(常用复数)
The policeman gave orders to the thief to take out the things he had stolen.
警察命令小偷把所偷的东西交出来。
知识拓展
in order to/that 为了……
place an order for sth.with sb.向某人订购……
order sb.to do sth.命令某人干某事
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①It seemed that everything was_________(出毛病)in my personal life.
②Three volunteers from a local university were standing at the entrance，______________(维持秩序)．
③他的父亲规定他要用英文写日记。
His father ordered that he________a diary in English.
④我向他们订购了500双鞋。
I________________with them_______500 pairs of shoes.
答案：①out of order ②keeping order ③(should)keep ④placed an order；for
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⑤________(order)make her father angry，Joanna didn't dare to tell him her poor grades.
答案：In order not to 句意：为了不让她的爸爸生气，乔安娜没敢告诉他自己糟糕的分数。in order to表示“为了”，在句中作目的状语，其否定形式在to前加not。6.resign n. 辞去(职务)；v.辞去，辞职
①Miss Wang resigned her position as secretary.
王女士辞去了秘书职务。
②The president was forced to resign.
总统被迫辞职。
搭配
resign from office/a job 辞职
He resigned from his office because of the low salary.
他因为工资太低，辞职了。联想
retire vi. 退休
①My father retired at the age of 60.
我父亲60岁时退休了。
②She retired early from teaching.
她从教学岗位上提前退休了。
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翻译句子
她只好听天由命了。
_______________________________________________
答案：She resigned herself to her fate.
7．principle n. [C]原则；准则；原理
①We all stick to the principle that everyone was born equal.
我们都坚持人人生来平等这一原则。
②He doesn't tell anyone the secret on principle.
他根据自己的准则，没有告诉任何人这个秘密。知识拓展
固定搭配：1)in principle原则上；大体上
①We accept the item in principle.
我们在原则上接受了这个条款。
②We agree in principle but we dislike your methods.
大体上我们同意，但我们不喜欢你的方法。
2)on principle 根据原则/准则
He dealt with the problem on principle.
他根据既定原则处理了那个问题。
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His theory is based on(基于)the________(法则)that every coin has two sides.
答案：principle principle“法则，理论”，on the principle that“根据……理论”。句意：他的理论建立在事物都有两面性的基础之上。8．influential adj. 有影响的，有势力的
Her ideas were very influential.
她的观点很有影响力。
知识拓展
influence v. 对……有影响 n．影响力；影响；势力；常与over/on连用。
①My teacher influenced my decision to study art.
我的老师影响我学习艺术的决定。
②A teacher has great influence on his students.
老师对学生很有影响。即学即用
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(1)我们的报纸在本市有很大影响力。
Our newspaper is an________newspaper in this city.
(2)父母能对孩子的生活价值观有很大的影响。
Parents can________their children greatly on the value of life.
Parents can________________________their children on the value of life.
答案：(1)influential (2)influence；have great influence on9．found v. 建立，创立，创办
This business company was founded in 1724.
这家商业公司建立于1724年。
词语辨析：found，set up，build
1)found主要用于创立机构、组织或理论。
①They founded a college.
他们创办了一所大学。
②His theory is founded on facts.
他的理论建立在事实的基础上。2)set up是口语用词，同found，表示“建立、成立组织机构”，亦可表示“树起，搭起”。
A new government was set up after the war.
新政府于战后成立。
3)build为普通用词，主要指“修建、建筑”，常接house，road，bridge等，也可与表示抽象事物的名词socialism，hope等连用。
The house is built of wood.
这房子是用木头建造的。知识拓展即学即用
选用found/set up/build中正确的词填空
(1)We have________two large teaching buildings.
(2)When was the new city________？
(3)The village has________two middle schools.
(4)The Chinese people are________socialism with Chinese characteristics.
(5)The People's Republic of China was________in 1949.
答案：(1)built (2)founded/built (3)set up/founded (4)building (5)founded1.believe in 相信；信仰；信任
believe in sth./sb.信任某物/某人
believe in God 相信上帝的存在
believe in doing sth.肯定某事物的价值或正确性词语辨析
believe与believe in
1)believe表示“相信某人的话；相信某事”，believe sb.＝ believe what sb.says 相信某人的话；
2)believe in常表示“信任；信仰”，多指品德上的相信。
①I believe in you，so I believe what you said.
我信任你，因此我相信你说的话。
②I don't believe that everyone believes in God.
我相信，并非每个人都信仰上帝。
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Sometimes，we________what one says but we can't ______ him.
答案：believe；believe in
2．be at war with与……交战
①Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.
古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。
②In 1920，Poland and Russia were still at war.
1920年，波兰和苏联仍然在交战。③Countries should never go to war with each other to solve disagreement.
国家之间绝不应该为解决分歧而开战。
④In the past，Kings of small states used to declare war on their neighbors.
过去，一些小国的国王经常向邻国宣战。
归纳
be at war处于战争状态
go to war进入战争状态，诉诸武力
declare war on/upon向……宣战名师点津
“at＋不带冠词的名词”小聚会
“at＋不带冠词的名词”表示“从事某工作”或“处于某种状态”，如
be at dinner/at lunch/table在吃饭
be at play在玩
be at work在工作
be at meeting在开会
be at school在上学
be at rest在休息
be at peace处于和平状态即学即用
完成句子
①政府军仍在河谷附近与反对者交战。
The government troops ________ still ________________the opponents near the valley.
②你怎么能做到与邻居和睦相处，连一个小的争吵都没有呢？
How can you live________________________all the neighbours without even a small quarrel?
③工作中的关系往往是快乐的关键。
Relationships________________can be the key to happiness.
④在进餐的人们似乎在谈论什么有趣的事情。
The people________________seemed to be talking about something interesting.
答案：①were；at war with ②at peace with ③at work ④at table
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⑤There was________time when the two countries were at________war.
答案：a；/ 句意：有一段时间这两个国家处于战争状态。there was a time when...，表示“有一段时间……”，time表示“时期”是可数名词；be at war处于战争状态，war前面不能加冠词。
3．bring up养育；抚养；培养；提出
①He was brought up by his grandparents.
他是由祖父母抚养大的。
②She brought up five children.
她养育了5个孩子。
③I want to bring up again the first point.
我想重提一下第一点。
知识拓展
相关搭配：1)bring about带来，引起
The reform has brought about great changes to our country.
改革给我国带来了巨大变化。
2)bring in引进
They brought in new technology from abroad.
他们引进了国外的新技术。
3)bring out 出版；使出现
The publishers are going to bring out a new edition of that book.
出版商打算出版那本书的新版本。
bring down降低
They tried their best to bring down the price.
他们千方百计降低价格。
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①Born into a family with three brothers，David was__________to value the sense of sharing.
答案：brought up 考查动词短语。句意：出生在一个三兄弟家庭，戴维受到了要看重与人分享的教育。bring up教育，养育，符合句意。选择合适的bring短语填空。
②I'll give you an aspirin to__________________your temperature.
③She tried repeatedly to________________the subject of money.
④His nervous breakdown was________________by stress.
⑤How much is she__________________every month?
答案：②bring down ③bring up ④brought about
⑤bringing in1.Mencius had important government positions，and so did Mozi.
孟子在政府中身居要位，墨子也是如此．
句中的so did Mozi是常用的倒装句型。意为“墨子也是如此”。
“so＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面所说的肯定的情况也同样适用于后者，意为“……也……”。①I saw the film last week，and so did she.
上星期我看了这部电影，她也看了。(助动词)
②She is a student.So am I.
她是学生，我也是。(be动词)
③I can speak English，and so can Tom.
我会说英语，汤姆也会。(情态动词)
注意：“neither/nor＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面所说的否定的情况也同样适用于后者，意为“……也不……”。
I don't like watching TV.Neither does my sister.
我不喜欢看电视，我姐姐也不喜欢。
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语法填空
—My room gets very cold at night.
—So________mine.
答案：does 句意：“我的房间晚上很冷。”“我的也是。”当表示前者情况也适用于后者时应用“so＋助动词/情态动词＋主语”结构，与gets对应的助动词是does。2．Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to those of Confucius.
孟子是一位思想家，他的理论和孔子的理论很相似。
本句中，whose引导定语从句，在从句修饰teachings，先行词为a thinker。those此处用来替代前面句中提到的teachings，以避免重复。指代前面提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词用that，指代可数名词复数用those，that或those后常用后置定语。①The land of China is larger than that of America.
中国的陆地面积比美国大。(that指代land)
②The students in our class did better than those in yours.
我们班的学生比你们班的学生做得好。(those指代students)
those prop.那些[替代上文的“the＋名词复数”，常用于those of...]
①The unemployment figures of this year are close to those of the year before last.
今年的失业人数与前年接近。
②His shoulders were broad like those of a wrestler.
他的双肩和摔跤手一样宽。辨析those，ones
①Our computers are as good as those made in America.
我们生产的电脑和美国生产的一样好。
②Students who do well in examinations are the ones who always ask questions in class.
考试成绩好的是那些上课爱问问题的学生。即学即用
语法填空
(1)In China，the number of cities is increasing ________ development is recognized across the world.(关系词)
答案：whose 句意：在中国，发展成就得到世界认可的城市数量日益增加。所填项引导从句作定语修饰cities，并且在从句中作development的定语，故用whose引导。本题中因谓语部分is increasing短语，为保持句子平衡而将定语从句置于谓语后，形成分隔式定语从句。
(2)At our factory there are a few machines similar to ________ described in this magazine.(代词)
答案：those 句意：我们工厂有一些机器与该杂志中描述的那些相似。代词在此特指同名异物可数名词复数machines，故应用those。3．Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.
孟子认为人不同于动物的原因是人是善良的。
第一个that引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中又含有why引导的定语从句和that引导的表语从句。
The reason why...is that...……的理由是……
The reason why he was absent from the meeting was that he was ill.
他缺席会议是因为他病了。知识拓展
1)reason作先行词被定语从句修饰时，引导定语从句的关系词要根据定语从句中所缺的成分确定。定语从句缺少原因状语，使用why或for which；定语从句中缺少主语、宾语，定语从句应使用that或which或省略。
I won't accept the reason(that/which)he explained for his being late.
我不会接受他对于他的迟到所做的解释。2)The reason why...is that...其中that引导表语从句，不可以换用because。
The reason why he was late was that he met with an accident on the road.
他迟到的原因是他在路上遭遇了一起事故。
3)because引导原因状语从句。
He was late because he met with an accident on the road.
他因为在路上遭遇了一起事故而迟到了。4)That is because...中because引导的表语从句表述原因；That is why...中why引导的表语从句表述结果。
①He was late.That was because he met with an accident on the road.
他迟到了。那是因为他在路上遭遇了一起事故。
②He met with an accident on the road.That was why he was late.
他在路上遭遇了一起事故。那就是他迟到的原因。
即学即用
语法填空
One reason for her preference for city life is ________ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
答案：that 此处考查的是表语从句。考查that引导表语从句的用法。此处that不可以省略。Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It is almost unnecessary to say that the great books are the most________(有影响的)books.
2．One of the________(原则)of solving problems is to be honest.
3．The________(重要)of washing one's hands is that it prevents inflection.
4．There are forty students in the class，________(平均地)divided between boys and girls.5．I admired him because of his________(善良)to others.
6．Shakespeare is a dramatist，and some say he is a______________(哲学家)，too.
7．Confucius is one of China's greatest________(思想家)and educationists.
8．We will make great efforts to improve the________(秩序)of the tourism market.
9．He told me that he had had words with the manager and had lost his________(辞职)．
10．After three years without promotion，he decided he'd had enough and________(职位)．
答案：1.influential 2.principles 3.importance 4.equally 5.kindness 6.philosopher 7.thinkers 8.order 9.position 10.resignedⅡ.用合适的介词或副词填空
1．Though born and brought________in America，he can speak fluent Chinese.
2．He is famous________his funny fairy tales，which are popular all over the world.
3．Here，the word“it”refers________a dog that is very clever.
4．The invention of printing caused important changes______society.
答案：1.up 2.for 3.to 4.inⅢ.语法填空
1．He doubted whether she would be________to the task，so she was not admitted.
答案：equal 句意：他怀疑她是否称职，因此没接纳她。短语be equal to sth.表示“胜任某事”。
2．The meeting is being held at a time________the world is looking for a new kind of balance between nature and cities.
答案：when 考查定语从句的关系词。此处time作先行词，其在定语从句中作时间状语。句意：会议是在一个全世界正在寻找新的自然和城市平衡的时代举行。3. —Listen，there is some strange noise.This machine must be________order.
—I think so.You must have it checked.
答案：out of out of order出故障。根据“你必须让人检查一下”判断用out of order。
4．Why didn't you bring________the problem at the meeting so that we could discuss it together?
答案：up 句意：你为什么不在会上提出那个问题，以便我们能一块讨论呢？bring up“提出”，符合句意。5．It is too bad for someone in such a high________in the government to behave badly in public.
答案：position 考查名词词义。position职位；此处someone in such a high position意为：有如此高职位的人。
6．He________his position as the manager of the department because he was offered a better job.
答案：resigned 从题干中because he was offered a better job可推知resigned(辞职)符合语境。7. What do you think of the reasons________he explained at the meeting________reducing the price?
答案：that；for 分析reason后的定语从句可以看出，定语从句中的谓语动词explained缺少宾语，因此第一空应该填that或which。第二空的介词for表示“……的理由或原因”。
8．________(influence)by the growing interest in nature，more and more people enjoy outdoor sports.
答案：Influenced 考查过去分词作状语。句意：受越来越对自然感兴趣的影响，越来越多的人们喜欢户外运动。influence与people之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词。9．All the members of the WTO should follow the________of trust and fair trade.
答案：principles 考查名词。句意：WTO的所有成员都应该遵守信任与公平贸易的原则。principles“原则”，符合句意。
10．Every year CCTV chooses ten________influential figures among the ordinary people，whose deeds can move China.
答案：most 考查形容词最高级。句意：每年中央电视台都要在普通人中间评选10位最具影响的人物，他们的事迹能够感动中国。Module 5 第二课时
Ⅰ.句型转换
1．The reason why he was late was that he had to send his grandma to hospital.
→The reason________________he was late was that he had to send his grandma to hospital.
2．The house whose roof was damaged has now been repaired.
→The house________________________________was damaged has now been repaired.
→The house，________________________________was damaged has now been repaired.
3．Have you recognized the man my father just spoke to?
→Have you recognized the man________________my father just spoke?
4．The children whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
→The children________________________________is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
5．This is the school where he studied two years ago.
→This is the school________________he studied two years ago.
答案：1.for which 2.the roof of which；of which the roof
3．to whom 4.the diet of whom 5.in which
Ⅱ.根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词
1．你下周哪个晚上有空？要是有，我们一块吃晚饭吧。
Have you got a free evening next week?
________________，let's have dinner together.
2．据说他并未受过大学教育，但他看上去好像学者的样子。
________________________________he had no university education，but he seems to be a scholar.
3．许多科学家喜欢音乐。例如，爱因斯坦小提琴拉得非常好。
Many scientists like music.______________________________，Einstein played the violin fairly well.
4．这只手表坏了，不能再报时了。
The watch doesn't work and it can't________________________any more.
5．总之，相互理解对建立友好关系至关重要。
________________，understanding each other plays a key role in building a friendly relationship.
答案：1.If so 2.It is said that 3.To give an example 4.tell the time 5.In conclusion
Ⅲ.语法填空
1．I was so angry at all________he was doing________I left at once.
答案：that；that 句意：我对他所做的一切如此生气以至于我立刻就离开了。第一空先行词是all，所有其后的定语从句只能用that，第二个空是so...that引导的结果状语从句。
2．Safety in schools has been of great concern because of frequent reports about accidents________students got injured or killed while in school.
答案：in which/where 考查定语从句。句意：因为频繁校园事故的报道学校安全问题已经引起极大关注。学生们在这些事故中受伤或者丧生。先行词是accidents，定语从句中缺少地点状语，所以用in which/where，表示“在事故中”。
3．No one asked her for the reason________she gave for her absence.
答案：that/which 考查定语从句。句意：没有人问过她缺席的原因。先行词是the reason，后面的定语从句中gave后面缺少宾语，所以要用that/which或者省略。
4．The house________windows were damaged in the storm is now under repair.
答案：whose 考查whose引导的定语从句。句意：在暴风雨中窗子被毁坏的那座房子正在维修。句中先行词是house，关系代词whose在从句中作windows的定语。
5．It is a good idea for parents to create an atmosphere________their children can grow healthily.
答案：where/in which 考查where引导的定语从句。句意：父母为孩子创造一个可以健康成长的氛围是一个不错的想法。句中atmosphere为先行词，定语从句中缺少表示地点的状语，故用where或in which。
6．It was at the school________was named after a hero________he spent this childhood.
答案：which/that；that 句意：他就是在一个以英雄的名字而命名的学校里度过了他的童年。第二个空是强调句型的that，强调的是地点状语at the school，地点状语中又有一个定语从句，先行词是the school，定语从句缺少主语，所以用关系代词which或that。
7．I hate a job________I have to work seven days a week.
答案：where/in which 考查where引导的定语从句。句意：我不喜欢一周要工作七天的工作。句中job为先行词，where/in which在定语从句中充当地点状语。
8．They talked about the persons and things________they remembered at school.
答案：that 考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：他们谈论起了所记得的在学校里的人和事。先行词中既有人又有物，关系代词只能用that。
9．After living in Paris for fifty years，he returned to the small town________he grew up as a child.
答案：where/in which 考查定语从句。句意：在巴黎生活了五十年之后，他回到了从小在那里长大的那个小镇。定语从句中grew up是不及物动词短语，后面不需要宾语，所以定语从句中缺少的是地点状语，要用where/in which。
10．The school________you visited yesterday is the place________I used to work.
答案：which/that；where/in which 考查定语从句。在第一个定语从句中缺少宾语，故要用which或that；在第二个定语从句中，work为不及物动词，从句缺少的是表示地点的状语，故要用where/in which。
Ⅳ.完形填空
Confucius would be happy if he lived in the modern world.He would see his works and philosophies still __1__ among teenagers even though they live in an __2__ of information.
In Changzhou No.2 Middle School，Jiangsu，all senior 3 students now __3__ a course in Lun Yu once a week.The school aims to improve students' appreciation of the Confucian heritage(遗产)as well as __4__ Chinese civilization.
“Students' attendance in this course will __5__ 30 percent of their Chinese score on the final exam.This reward __6__ their interest in the course，which is __7__ but full of wisdom，”said Cao Yongzhong，a Chinese __8__ at the school.
__9__ won't be easy for students to enjoy The Analects(文选)of Confucius__10__ ancient Chinese as they __11__ so many other subjects to learn and exams to__12__.
Cheng Yun,18，didn't like the“additional burden”__13__，but now it turns to be a course __14__ she looks forward to.
“I thought it would __15__ my time for homework，but it doesn't.__16__ sentences are short and concise(精练)．I even use some of his wise sayings in my compositions，__17__ makes my writing more attractive，”Cheng said.
__18__ the fact that all students are required to learn some chapters of the book when in junior school，they may be __19__ young to understand the truths revealed(揭示)by Confucius.“Although I __20__ the language we use nowadays to Confucius，what the master said in the book does help me shape my personality.”said Zhang Junzhuo,18.
1．A.useful B．popular
C．helpful D．hopeful
答案：B 根据下文中的among teenagers可以推断出最佳答案为B项。在文中意为“他就能看到他的作品和他的哲学思想在青少年中仍然盛行”。
2．A.age B．alternative
C．email D．opinion
答案：A 根据常识可判断出答案。孔子生活在古代，而现在是信息时代。
3．A.survey B．welcome
C．conduct D．take
答案：D take a course“上课”。文中表示每周上一次论语课。
4．A.ancient B．modern
C．unknown D．magical
答案：A 根据上文的the Confucian heritage as well as和Chinese civilization及下文可看出是中国“古代”文化，故选A项。
5．A.consist of B．make up
C．be made up of D．account of
答案：B 考查短语辨析。consist of和be made up of都用于表示整体是由部分组成，而make up用于表示部分组成主体，account of通常不能单独用作动词短语。故选B项。
6．A.discourages B．disappoints
C．encourages D．involves
答案：C 根据上文的This reward可排除A、B两项。D项也与文意不符。故选C项。
7．A.easy B．interesting
C．inspiring D．difficult
答案：D 根据下文but full of wisdom及下段中的won't be easy for students可知，最佳答案为D项。
8．A.worker B．teacher
C．cook D．librarian
答案：B 用排除法可得出最佳答案。
9．A.It B．They
C．He D．She
答案：A it作形式主语，真正的主语是for students to enjoy The Analects of Confucius。
10．A.across B．in
C．on D．through
答案：B 根据文意可知，表达用某种语言只能用介词in。
11．A.have B．take
C．enjoy D．advocate
答案：A 文中表示：因为学生们“有”许多其他科目要学并要准备考试。
12．A.prepare B．take
C．prepare for D．have
答案：C 根据文意及subjects to learn可知此处exams to prepare for，表示“准备考试”。
13．A.first B．at last
C．last D．at first
答案：D 根据but now it turns out可知前后形成对比。at first意为“起初”，符合文意。
14．A.who B．that
C．where D．why
答案：B a course后接一定语从句，从句中缺少宾语。故选B项。
15．A.make up B．take up
C．use up D．pick up
答案：B 此处表示：我想它(论语课)可能会“占据”我的学习时间，但并不是这样。
16.A.Confucius' B．Cheng Yun's
C．Zhang Junzhuo D．Cao Yongzhong
答案：A 本文讲的是孔子的论语在现代的盛行，且用排除法也可以得出答案为A项。
17．A.that B．what
C．which D．they
答案：C which引导非限制性定语从句，代替前面整个句子。
18．A.Due to B．Despite
C．Though D．Owing to
答案：B 根据“...they may be __19__ young to understand the truths...”与前面的内容构成了转折关系，可排除A、D两项；又因为前面的the fact是名词不是句子，故排除C项，选B项。
19．A.so B．very
C．too D．that
答案：C 考查too...to结构。在文中意为“他们可能太小以至于无法领会孔子揭示的那些真理”。
20．A.like B．enjoy
C．appreciate D．prefer
答案：D 此处表示现代的语言与孔子时代的语言相比较，故用prefer。
Ⅴ.阅读理解
We couldn't forget the historic moment on Oct.11,2012，when the first Chinese Nobel laureate，Mo Yan，won the 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature.Minutes after the award was announced，millions of Chinese expressed pleasure and pride for Mo Yan on the Internet.So a Chinese getting the Nobel Prize for literature did really increase the national pride.
On Dec.11(Monday)in Sweden Mo was given the Nobel diploma，medal and a document confirming the prize amount.In his speech at the ceremony，Mo said receiving the prize felt like a fairy tale，but of course it was true and that literature was useless compared with science.Mo's award filled the blank left by Chinese literature in the world literary history.Meanwhile，Monday's Nobel awards ceremony set off another buying rush on Mo's works among Chinese readers.
【语篇解读】本文报道了中国作家莫言获得2012年诺贝尔文学奖以及其影响。
1．Which of the following words can best describe our Chinese feeling when hearing the news?
A．Calm. B．Relaxed.
C．Proud. D．Indifferent.
答案：C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的句子millions of Chinese expressed pleasure and pride for Mo Yan on the Internet.可知数百万的中国人在互联网上对莫言获奖表示高兴和自豪。pride“自豪”是proud的名词形式，故选C。
2．The underlined word“laureate”in Paragraph 1 most probably means________.
A．loser B．winner
C．fan D．superstar
答案：B 词义猜测题。根据第一段可知莫言获得诺贝尔文学奖，所以莫言是中国第一个诺贝尔文学奖获得者，所以“laureate”是winner的同义词“(荣誉)获得者。”
3．Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．It was hard for Mo Yan to believe he was awarded the prize.
B．Mo Yan thinks literature is useless.
C．Mo Yan was given the Nobel Prize，medal and a document.
D．Mo Yan's works were more popular after his receiving the prize.
答案：B 推理判断题。根据第二段中句子Mo said receiving the prize felt like a fairy late，but of course it was true可知莫言很难相信自己获奖，所以A项正确；根据句子On Dec.11(Monday)in Sweden Mo was given the Nobel diploma，medal and a document可知C项正确；根据句子Meanwhile，Monday's Nobel awards ceremony set off another buying rush on Mo's works among Chinese readers.可以推断D项正确；文章中莫言说that literature was useless compared with science是一种客气说法，并不是真的说文学没有用处。
Ⅵ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
Once upon a time, there was a king who ruled a prosperous country. One day, he went__1__a trip to some distant areas of his country. When he was back to his palace, he complained that his feet were very__2__(pain), because it was the first time that he went on such a long trip, and the road __3__he went through was very rough and stony. He then ordered his people to cover__4__road of the entire country with leather. __5__(definite), this would need thousands of cows skin, and would cost a huge amount of money.
Then one of his wise servants dared himself to tell the king, “Why do you have to spend that __6__(necessary) amount of money? Why don't you just cut a little piece of leather to cover your feet？”
The king was __7__(surprise), but he later agreed to his suggestion, to make a “shoe” for__8__.
There is actually a valuable lesson of life in this story: to make this world__9__happy place to live, you'd better change yourself—your heart；__10__not the world.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．on go on a trip“周游”。
2．painful 表示脚的状态，用形容词做表语，pain的形容词是painful。
3．that/which/不填 that/which引导定语从句，在从句中做宾语，修饰the road，也可省略不填。
4．every 由空后的单数名词road of the entire country和this would need thousands of cows' skin可知是指全国所有的公路。
5．Definitely 在句中做状语，definitely“肯定地”。
6．unnecessary 在整个国家的路上铺上皮革会浪费很多钱，且后面提了建议“你可以割一块皮革包住脚”，所以这个聪明的仆人应该是鼓足勇气向皇帝谏言：“你为什么非得花那种不必要的钱呢？”
7．surprised 表示“某人因……而惊奇”用surprised。
8．himself 主语是he，给自己做鞋应用反身代词himself。
9．a 表示泛指，用不定冠词。
10．but 前后表示转折，用but。
【辽宁卷题型】
Henry: Hello, Susan. How is everything?
Susan: It can never be__1__(good), Henry. How are your family members?
Henry: __2__is fine.
Susan: You're getting older, Henry, and you are heavier than you used to be.
Henry: Everyone gets older. But you look younger than ever. What's your secret?
Susan: There is no secret. And I am careful about my diet. We__3__never be too careful about our food. I get more exercise than you.
Henry: I agree with you on__4__. When the weather is warmer, I__5__(do) it.
Susan: No, Henry. You should start as soon as possible.
Henry: OK. I will start today，__6__I can enjoy as healthy a life as you do.
Susan: By the way, how are the kids getting on?
Henry: Peter is at high school now. Gladly, he always ranks among the ten best students in his school.__7__， he's keen on sports.
Susan: That's wonderful! What about Charles? Has he__8__(graduate)from college?
Henry: Yes. He's now working at an international firm__9__(base) in New York. He always says that he wants to make a__10__in life.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．better 考查固定句式。这里用提示词的比较级与can never连用，can never be better表示“没有比……更好的”。
2．Everyone/Everybody 考查代词。注意本句谓语使用了单数形式，因此这里用代词Everybody/Everyone表示“每个人”。
3．can 考查情态动词。can never be too careful表示“越小心越好”。
4．that 考查代词。这里用that指代前面提到的观点。
5．will do 考查时态。when引导的时间状语从句，主句常用一般将来时，故用will do。
6．so that 考查从属连词。这里用so that引导目的状语从句表示“以便”。
7．Besides 考查副词。这里用besides表示“此外”。
8．graduated 考查动词的时态。从句子结构和语境可知，这里用现在完成时，故用graduated。
9．based 考查非谓语动词。这里用base的过去分词形式作定语。base与firm之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词。此处表示“一家总部在纽约的国际公司”。
10．difference 考查固定搭配。这里用make a difference表示“有作用，影响”。
课件96张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 · 必修3 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient ChinaModule 51.1.1 集合的概念第二课时 Grammar I—Everyday English and Function1.1.1 集合的概念Module 5选词填空。(who/that/whose/where/when/why/in which/to whom)
①Mencius was a thinker________teachings were very similar to those of Confucius.
②Mencius believed that the reason________man is different from animals is that man is good.
③Ancient China was a place________states were often at war with each other.whosewhywhere
④It was also a time________there were many great philosophers.
⑤He is an English teacher________likes singing songs.
⑥This is the park________we first met him thirty years ago.
⑦Is he the person________you often turn for help?whenwho/thatin whichto whom1.sense
1)n. 观念，意识，辨认力；意思，意味；见识，常识；感觉，知觉，官能
①His speech left me with the sense that we would never be friends.
他说的话让我感到我和他绝对无法做朋友。②The five senses are sight，hearing，smell，taste and touch.
五种感觉是视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉。
③Dogs have a keen sense of smell.
狗有灵敏的嗅觉。
2)v. 感觉；感知；意识；察觉
She sensed what her husband was thinking.
她感觉出她丈夫内心在想什么。知识拓展
senseless adj. 不省人事的；失去感觉的；愚昧的；无常识的
sensible adj. 通晓事理的；明智的；可察觉的
sensitive adj. 敏感的；神经过敏的
a sense of direction 方向感
a sense of hunger 饥饿感
a sense of humour 幽默感
common sense 常识
the sixth sense 第六感觉
in every sense 就各种意义来说；就各方面来说
in a sense 在某种意义上；多少有一点
make sense 有意义；讲得通；能理解
即学即用
语法填空
The elderly need special care in winter，as they are__________(sense)to the sudden change of weather.
答案：sensitive 本题考查形容词。sensitive“敏感的”，句意是：老年人在冬天需要特别护理，因为他们对突然的天气变化很敏感。be sensitive to...“对……灵敏的/敏感的”。2．responsibility n. 责任；责任心；职责
Anyone with a sense of responsibility wouldn't leave the robbery alone.
任何一个有责任感的人是不会对抢劫置之不理的。
知识拓展
1)have the responsibility for...对……有责任；对……负责
The Health Minister have overall responsibility for hospitals.
卫生部长全面负责医院。
2)take on/take/accept/assume/shoulder the responsibility for...
担当对……的责任；为……负责
The management accepts no responsibility for cars left in the car park.
管理部门对停车场内的汽车不承担责任。3)responsible adj. 有责任的；负责任的
①You can always trust Mary who I think is a responsible monitor.
你可以信任玛丽，我认为她是一个负责任的班长。
②The headmaster decided to have a word with the person that is responsible for this matter.
校长决定与此事的负责人谈一谈。
即学即用
完成句子
The driver should ________ ________ ________ the injured.
司机应对受伤人员负责。
答案：be responsible to3．respect n．[U]尊敬，敬意vt.尊敬，敬重
①We have great respect for our grandfather.
我们非常尊敬祖父。
②We should all treat older people with more respect.
所有人都应该更加尊重老人。
③I respect her for her honesty.
她的诚实让我对她的尊重。
④Be sure to respect other people's rights.
请尊重他人的权利。搭配
have/show respect for对……尊敬
pay respect to对……尊敬
win/gain/earn the respect of赢得……的尊敬
respect sb.for sth.因某事尊敬某人
拓展
respectable adj.体面的，正派的；值得尊敬的
respectful adj.表示尊敬的，有礼貌的，谦恭的
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语法填空
The new teacher soon won the________of his students.
答案：respect 句意：这位新来的老师很快就赢得了学生们的尊重。respect“尊敬，敬重”，符合题意。
4．justice n．[U]公正；公平；正义
①They are demanding equal rights and justice.
他们要求平等的权利和公正的待遇。
②I say，in justice to him，he is a good teacher.
秉公而论，我认为他是位优秀的教师。
③Without justice，courage is weak.
假如无正义，勇气也无力。
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翻译句子
他们要求平等的权利和公正的待遇。
_______________________________________________
答案：They are demanding equal rights and justice.5．afford
1)vt.(有财力)买得起；付得起(可用于can，could或be able to之后)
①I'm not sure how they are able to afford such expensive holidays.
我不太清楚他们怎么能负担得起这么昂贵的假期。
②We need a bigger house，but we just can't afford the rent.
我们需要一座更大的房子，只是我们付不起房租。2)vt.有能力；足以承担(可用于can或could之后)
①I'm so busy.I can rarely afford the luxury of a restful weekend.
我太忙了。我很少能享受一个轻松的周末的奢侈。
②No politician can afford to ignore the power of television.
没有哪个政治家能无视电视的力量。
知识拓展
afford sth.负担得起某物的费用
afford to do sth.负担得起做某事
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翻译句子
(1)我不能担负得起买一辆新车。
_______________________________________________
答案：I can't afford to buy a new car.
语法填空
(2)Those poor and needy teenagers were excited to find a shop at the corner where they could buy________(afford)priced bikes.
答案：affordably 句意：那些贫困的青少年看到在拐角处的那家商店时很兴奋，在那里他们可以买到支付得起的自行车。affordably“买得起地”，符合题意。6．contribution n. [U]捐献；贡献；[C]捐助的钱或物
①Charlie Chaplin made a great contribution to the film industry.
查理·卓别林对电影业做出了巨大贡献。
②I will devote my whole life to scientific research，and make contributions to the country where I was born and the people who brought me up.(Pavlov)
我愿用我全部的生命从事科学研究，贡献给生育我栽培我的祖国和人民。(巴甫洛夫)知识拓展
contribute v. 贡献；有助于；捐赠
①Everyone should contribute what he or she can afford.
人人都应该尽自己的能力做出贡献。
②He contributed a large sum of money to the hospital.
他向医院捐了一大笔钱。
③His research contributed greatly to the progress of science.
他的研究对科学的进步有很大的贡献。
搭配
1)contribute...to(doing)sth.贡献
He contributed some money to the flood victims.
他捐出一些钱给受水灾的难民。
2)contribute to(doing)sth.有助于；导致
①Your suggestion has greatly contributed to the accomplishment of our work.
你的建议大大地促进了我们工作的完成。
②I'm sure your suggestion will contribute to solving the problem.
我确信你的建议将有助于解决问题。
注意：以上搭配中，to是介词。此外，contribute有时也与toward(s)或for连用。词语辨析
contribute，devote
①Our teacher tells us that exercise contributes to good health.
老师告诉我们锻炼有助于身体健康。
②Everyone is called on to contribute ideas.
要求人人出主意，想办法。
③He devoted his life to promoting world peace.
他一生致力于促进世界和平。即学即用
完成句子
(1)纸的发明是人类文明史上一项重要贡献。
The invention of paper was a great________________human civilization.
(2)他很大方，捐助了这么大笔钱。
It was generous of him to________such a large sum.
答案：(1)contribution to (2)contribute
7．invent vt. 发明；创造
①He has invented a new way of making silk.
他发明了一种制造丝绸的新方法。
②Do you know who invented computers?
你知道谁发明的电脑吗？辨析
invent，discover，find out, find①Gilbert discovered electricity，and Edison invented the electric light bulb.
吉尔伯特发现了电，而爱迪生发明了电灯。
②Have you found out why he was absent?
你弄清他没来的原因了吗？
③She found a necklace lying on the ground.
她发现地上有一条项链。
拓展
invention n. [U]发明；[C]发明物
inventor n. [C]发明家
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语法填空
用discover，invent，create的相应形式填空。
(1)Who________the telephone in 1876?
(2)A new kind of animal________in Guangxi Province last year.
(3)He is a musician and likes________music.
(4)It's known to us all that the Chinese first________the compass.
(5)Say five________that are related to food and cooking.
答案：(1)invented (2)was discovered (3)creating (4)invented (5)inventions
8．argument n. [C]争论；辩论；议论
①It's beyond argument that his theory is true.
无可争辩，他的理论是正确的。
②The students had an argument with their teachers about their uniforms.
学生们就校服问题与老师们进行了一场辩论。搭配
have an argument with sb.与某人争论
I had an argument with my neighbour about a tree in his garden.
我和邻居因其花园里一棵树而争了起来。知识拓展
argue v. 争论；辩论
词语辨析
argue，quarrel
People generally quarrel because they cannot argue.(Chesterton)
人们通常因为不能辩论而争吵。(切斯特顿)
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语法填空
He got into an________(argue)with Jeff in the pub last night and they didn't reach any conclusion.
答案：argument 句意：昨天晚上他跟杰夫在酒吧里发生了争论，但他们没有得出任何结论。argument“争论；辩论”，符合题意。1.no faster than“和……一样不快”；相当于as slowly as。
“no＋比较级＋than”否定两者，相当于“as＋该词的反义词＋as”。含义是“前者跟后者一样不……”。
①She has no more books than him.
她的书和他的一样少。
②I'm no richer than a beggar.
我穷得像个乞丐。知识拓展
“not＋比较级＋than”表示“不如……”。
①The question is not more difficult than that one.
这个问题不如那个难。
②I have not more than five yuan.
我有不到5元钱。
③I have no more than five yuan.
我只有5元钱。
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语法填空
Mr.Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been ________popular.
答案：more 考查比较级的使用。否定比较级相当于最高级。类似的还有too，enough。2．billions of表达不确切的数目，后接可数名词的复数形式。又如：
dozens of 许多；十几个
thousands of 好几千；成千的
scores of 许多；好几十
tens of millions of 千百万
hundreds of 好几百；成百的
billions of 好几十亿
tens of thousands of 好几万；成千上万
hundreds of thousands of 好几十万；成几十万
hundreds of millions of 好几亿；成亿的
注意：
1)表达确切的数目时，用具体的数字与hundred，thousand，million等词的单数形式连用，之后不加of，接可数名词的复数。
2)表达笼统的数目时，复数hundreds，thousands，millions等词之后加of，不与具体数字连用，接可数名词的复数。
3)several或具体数字与dozen，hundred，thousand，million等词连用表达具体数目时，若使用of，必须后接“the/those/these/名词所有格/形容词性物主代词＋名词复数”。
4)many可以和表达笼统数目的hundreds of，thousands of，millions of，billions of等连用。即学即用
语法填空
Several________(million)people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day.
答案：million several或具体数字与dozen，hundred，thousand，million等词连用表达具体数目时，若使用of，必须后接“the/those/these/名词所有格/形容词性物主代词＋名词复数”。3．in conclusion 最后；总之
I will in conclusion say a few words about discipline.
最后我要简单谈一下有关纪律的问题。
知识拓展
conclude v. 结束；下结论；推断
conclusive adj. 确定的；最后的；结论的
reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论；下结论
jump to a condusion妄下断论
come to a conclusion 得出结论；结束
We have reached the conclusion that this is a true story.
我们获得的结论是，这是一个真实的故事。
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句型转换
(1)It was concluded that we needn't change our plan.
We ________ ________ ________ ________ that we needn't change the plan.
答案：came to the conclusion
根据提示完成句子
(2)他看到我的手提箱摆在大厅，就妄断我要离开。
He saw my suitcase in the hall and ______________________ ________that I was leaving.
(3)从她的话中我得不出任何结论。
I can't________________________from what she said.
答案：(2)jumped to a conclusion (3)draw a conclusionHowever，we do know that in 1092 AD he invented the first real clock.
然而，我们的确知道他在公元1092年发明了第一块时钟。
本句为“do/does/did＋动词原形”强调句型，其中的do/does/did在句中要重读。
a)本句型只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种形式，只对肯定的谓语动词进行强调，没有否定和疑问形式。
①She did tell me about her address，but I forgot all about it.
她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。
②She does come from a European country.
她的确来自欧洲的一个国家。b)在祈使句中运用“do＋动词原形”，往往不表示命令，而表示强烈的请求，有时表达更加客气的语气。
①Do come on time next time.
下次请务必按时来。
②Do come in and sit down.
请快进来坐下。
知识拓展
“强调句型”种种：
It is/was...that/who...
do/does/did＋动词原形
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语法填空
(1)—Why didn't you call Mary last week?
—I________call her，but the line was busy then.
答案：did 句意：“你上个星期为什么没有给玛丽打电话？”“我确实打过，但是那时候占线。”强调谓语动词时要用助动词do的不同形式加动词原形，而且只能用于肯定句中。
(2)—I'd like to，but...
—________come please!
答案：Do 句意：“我很想去，但是……”“请一定要来！”为了加强祈使句的语气，在动词前加do，表示恳求。图解语法助记表解语法助记
定语从句
1．关系副词引导的定语从句
引导定语从句的关系副词一般代替先行词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因。关系副词的具体用法见下表：2.关系代词与关系副词的选用
定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词可用以下两种方式判断：3.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系代词which，whom作介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词之前，形成“介词＋which/whom”结构。
注意：(1)有些“动词＋介词”短语，如look after，call on等不可拆开把介词置于关系代词之前。
(2)“介词＋关系代词”中的代词指人时用whom，指物时用which，不能用that和who。
语法填空
(1)When deeply absorbed in work，______he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
答案：which/in which 本题考查定语从句。 句意：当他全心投入工作时，他常常忘记吃饭和睡觉。从句中缺表语，由which充当。
(2)The air quality in the city，________is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.
答案：as 本题考查关系代词的用法。句意：就像报告中所表明的那样，这城市的空气质量在过去的两个月里已有改善。as 引导非限制性定语从句，且as代表整个主句的意思。常用于句型as is shown/reported/announced...等等。(3)Care of the soul is a gradual process________even the small details of life should be considered.
答案：in which/where 考查定语从句。句意：心灵的养护是一个逐渐的过程，在这个过程中即使小细节也应被考虑到。定语从句不缺主语、宾语，in which相当于where。
(4)After the flooding，people were suffering in that area，________urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive.
答案：who 考查定语从句。本句的先行词是people，故用who引导定语从句。(5)By 16?30，________was almost closing time，nearly all the paintings had been sold.
答案：which 考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语。
(6)It is the third time that she has won the race，________has surprised us all.
答案：which 本题考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这是她第三次赢得比赛，这使得我们大家非常吃惊。本题为非限制性定语从句，且关系词代表整个主句的意思，故只能用which。
(7)In our class there are 46 students，________half wear glasses.
答案：of whom 本题考查非限制性定语从句的“介词＋关系代词”结构。分析句子结构可知，后一分句是非限制性定语从句，此处表示所属关系，故用介词of。句意：我们班里有46名同学，其中有一半戴眼镜。
(8)We live in an age________more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
答案：when 本题考查定语从句。句意：我们生活在一个比过去更容易获取信息的时代。先行词是age，表示时间，且从句中缺少时间状语，故用when。如果使用“介词＋关系代词”，应是in which。(9)Sales director is a position________communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
答案：where/in which 考查定语从句。position职位，在此处相当于抽象地点；其后的定语从句不缺主语或宾语；where在这里相当于in which。
(10)Everyone has periods in their lives________everything seems very hard.
答案：when/in which 句意：每个人在生活当中都会有一切事情都不顺心的时期。所填关系词引导定语从句修饰先行词periods，并在从句中作时间状语，所以用when/in which。
(11)Do you know the year________the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
答案：in which/when 句意：你知道中国共产党是在哪一年成立的吗？时间名词the year是定语从句先行词，并且从句中不缺少主语或宾语，故须用表示时间的关系副词when或in which引导，在定语从句中作时间状语。
(12)When night fell，we finally reached an old temple______the villagers used as a school.
答案：which/that 句意：夜幕降临时，我们终于到达了村民们用作学校的一座旧庙。定语从句先行词是an old temple，且从句中动词used缺宾语，故须用关系代词which/that引导定语从句。(13)The factory________Mr Li used to work was closed last week.
答案：where/in which 句意：李先生过去工作的那家工厂上周关闭了。the factory为先行词，表示地点，从句中缺少地点状语，所以应填关系副词where或in which。
(14)Duncan didn't tell me the reason________their team had failed to win the game.
答案：why 句意：邓肯没有告诉我他们队输掉比赛的原因。所填关系词引导定语从句，并在从句中作状语，先行词是表示原因的名词reason，故用why。(15)The tool________he is working is called a hammer.
答案：with which 句意：他干活时用的那个工具叫锤子。由定语从句中的谓语动词work可判断用with，将其放到从句中即“he is working with”。
(16)He asked me a few questions________there were no answers.
答案：to which 句意：他问了我一些根本没有答案的问题。“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句，其中的介词在本题中由answer与to搭配而定，故引导词用to which。
(17)The old worker________we know much is our part-time teacher.He is in his seventies.
答案：about whom 句意：这位我们很了解的老工人现在是我们的兼职教师，他现在70多岁了。此题为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。know about意为“了解”，故用about whom。
(18)It's one of the few countries________people drive on the left.
答案：where/in which 句意：这是为数不多的几个靠左行驶的国家之一。所填关系词引导定语从句修饰countries，且从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where或in which引导。
(19)I was born in New Orleans，Louisiana，a city________name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.
答案：whose 本题考查定语从句。句中name是city一个特征或构成部分，是从属关系，因此用whose引导定语从句修饰先行词New Orleans。
(20)Gun control is a subject________Americans have argued for a long time.
答案：about which 考查定语从句，先行词是a subject，指物，关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，介词前置，介词与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth。(21)A person________e-mail account is full won't be able to send or receive any e-mails.
答案：whose 考查定语从句，________e-mail account is full是从句部分，所以填引导词whose。句意：电子邮箱账户满了的话，人们就不能发送或者接收邮件了。
(22)It's helpful to put children in a situation________they can see themselves differently.
答案：where/in which 考查定语从句。先行词是situation，指物，亦可指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where或in which。(23)Children who are not active or ________ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
答案：whose 本题考查定语从句关系词。句意：不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。本定语从句中缺少定语，故用引导词whose。
(24)The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister ________ she would stay for an hour.
答案：where/in which 考查定语从句。先行词为centre，she would stay for an hour 不缺宾语或主语，故要填状语，表地点用where或in which。Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Edison is a famous________(发明家)all over the world.
2．His________(诚实)makes him very popular among his friends.
3．This kind of cloth feels________(柔软的)．
4．The________(皮革)shoes made in this factory are very popular.
5．He has made great________(贡献)to his hometown.
6．They are fighting for better working________(环境)．7．He has a sense of________(公正)，so we all like him.
8．They had an________(争辩)about where to spend the holiday.
9．During the summer holiday，we can enjoy some ______________(自由)．
10．It is known that________(燃料)like coal and oil cause a lot of pollution.
答案：1.inventor 2.honesty 3.soft 4.leather 5.contribution(s) 6.conditions 7.justice 8.argument 9.freedom 10.fuels
4．As a result of the________of computers，much work can easily and correctly be done.
5．The long-lasting meeting，filled with________，ended in disorder.
答案：1.Honesty 2.justice 3.contributions 4.invention 5.argumentsⅢ.语法填空
1．From May 1，smoking will be banned in indoor public places in China.For________(第一次)，China has put smoking control into its national economic and social development program.
答案：the first time 句意为：从五月一号起，中国将禁止在室内公共场所吸烟。这是中国第一次把控制吸烟纳入国民经济和社会发展议程。for the first time意为“第一次”，在句中独立作状语；the first time意为“第一次……的时候”，用作连词引导时间状语从句。
2．As we all know，the present world financial crisis(危机)has a serious________on the development of the economy of every country.
答案：effect 句意为：众所周知，目前的世界经济危机对于每一个国家的经济发展都有严重的影响。have an effect on意为“对……有影响”。3．Smoking too much may contribute________lung cancer and cause other diseases.
答案：to 句意为：吸烟太多可能会促成肺癌和引起其他疾病。contribute to意为“促成”，是固定词组。
4．It rained heavily；________a result，the river rose by 0.5 metre.
答案：as 句意为：雨下得很大，结果，河水上涨了0.5米。as a result意为“结果”，符合题意。5．—What happened over there?
—They argued________the waiter________the price of the meal.
答案：with；about argue with sb.about sth.是固定用法，意为“就某事和某人争论”。
6．It is well known that Thomas Edison________the light bulb.
答案：invented 句意为：众所周知，爱迪生发明了电灯泡。invent意为“发明”，符合句意。7．His wife is in bad________now and he has to present a smiling face though heavy-hearted in the company.
答案：condition 句意为：他的妻子身体状况很不好，尽管心情沉重，在公司他还要强装笑脸。in bad condition意为“身体状况不好”，符合题意。
8．The local government is making efforts to________its people from poverty soon.
答案：free 句意为：当地政府正在努力尽快使它的人民脱贫。free sb.from...意为“使某人摆脱”，符合题意。
9．________honest，I didn't agree with what you said.
答案：To be “说实话”可用英语表达为：to be honest。
10．—Do you know who first________electricity?
—As we all know，Benjamin Franklin did.
答案：discovered 问句意为：你知道谁最先发现了电吗？discover意为“发现”，符合题意。Module 5 第三课时
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The boy's________(诚实)is what makes him different from the other children.
2．They have made great________(贡献)to the success of the important meeting.
3．Many people are worried about the________(公正)of the case，in which the girl was sentenced to 4 years in prison.
4．The people living in the country hope that they can have a better political________(自由)．
5．We found the working________(条件)here much improved.
6．The issue has caused heated political________(争论)．
7．Edison became an________(发明家)when he was twenty-two years old.
8．The two books are not in the same________(目录)．
答案：1.honesty 2.contributions 3.justice 4.freedom 5.conditions 6.argument 7.inventor 8.category
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．______________________(听从老师的建议)，and you'll make much progress in the future.
2．Why didn't you ______________________(同意)what he said at the meeting?
3．The young woman had a lot of housework to do and the twins______________________(照看)．
4．I was very busy.__________________________(结果)I couldn't give my brother a hand when he was in trouble.
5．His followers ______________________________(信任)what he taught.
答案：1.Follow the teacher's advice 2.agree with 3.to look after 4.As a result 5.believed in
Ⅲ.语法填空
1．He is such________honest boy that everyone likes to make friends with him.
答案：an 句意：他是一个如此诚实的孩子，所以每个人都喜欢和他交朋友。表示“如此……以至于……”可以用such和so，但是要注意冠词的位置：such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.＋that...；so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋that...。so honest a boy＝such an honest boy。
2．Travelling，taking with friends and relatives，and other forms of relaxation are very likely to________to the well-being of mental health.
答案：contribute 句意：旅游、和亲戚朋友交谈以及其他的放松形式很可能有助于心理健康。contribute to有助于，导致，符合句意。
3．He allowed us to hold a party in his room.His only______was that we should keep the room clean.
答案：condition 句意：他允许我们在他房间里举行聚会。他唯一的条件是我们要保持房间的干净。condition状态，环境，条件。根据句意这里是表示“条件”，所以condition符合。
4．Being a teacher calls for your love and patience as well as some necessary skills.________(conclusion)，it is not an easy thing to do.
答案：In conclusion 句意：做一名老师需要你的爱心，耐心以及一些必要的技能。总而言之，这不是一件容易做的事。in conclusion总而言之，符合句意。
5．I think of life as a good book.The further you get into it，the more it begins to________(sense)．
答案：make sense 考查短语。句意：我把生活看作一本好书。你看得越多，它就越有意思。make sense有意义，讲得通。所以符合题意。
6．________(第一次)I toured Zhangjiajie，I was deeply impressed with its beautiful scenery.
答案：The first time 句意：我第一次到张家界旅游的时候，就被它的美景深深打动了。根据句意这里需要一个能接句子的短语，引导一个时间状语从句，the first time＋句子“第一次做某事的时候”，在句中作时间状语。
7．—The dish is delicious!
—Well，at least it's________worse than the one I cooked yesterday.
答案：no 句意：——这道菜很好吃！——嗯，至少和我昨天做的一样好吃。根据语境，第二个人同意第一个人的说法——菜好吃，no worse than＝as good as“和……一样好”。符合句意。
8．Finally the father came and stopped the________(argue)between the two girls about who should do the housework first.
答案：argument 句意：最后父亲来了，结束了两个女孩之间关于谁先做家务的争论。argument争论。
9．Mary enjoys home-made food，so she seldom，if______________，eats out.
答案：ever 句意：玛丽喜欢自家做的饭菜，所以如果有在外面吃的话，她也很少。if ever如果有的话(表示动作的频率)是if she has ever eaten out的省略形式。
10．Not only________the teacher himself interested in football but all his students________beginning to show an interest in it.
答案：is; are 考查倒装句。not only...but(also)在引导并列句时，not only部分要用部分倒装，而but(also)部分要用正常语序，由两部分的主语判定系动词的单复数。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels，yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for.We do know，however，that they existed over 5,500 years ago in ancient Asia.
The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia.It is over 5,100 years old.Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didn't become popular for a while，though.This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around.
But it could also be because of a difficult situation.While wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces，roads with smooth surfaces weren't going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them.Eventually，road surfaces did become smoother，but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later.There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modern road design.
In the mid-1700s，a Frenchman came up with a new design of road—a base layer(层)of large stones covered with a thin layer of smaller stones.A Scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong，lasting road surface became a reality.At around the same time，metal hubs(the central part of a wheel)came into being，followed by the pneumatic tyre(充气轮胎)in 1846.Alloy wheels were invented in 1967，sixty years after the appearance of tarmacked roads(柏油路)．As wheel design took off，vehicles got faster and faster.
1．What might explain why transport wheels didn't become popular for some time?
A．Few knew how to use transport wheels.
B．Humans carried farming tools just as well.
C．Animals were a good means of transport.
D．The existence of transport wheels was not known.
答案：C 细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and human around.”可知，由于当时动物使用的方便使得轮子一时没能普及。
2．What do we know about road design from the passage?
A．It was easier than wheel design.
B．It improved after big changes in vehicle design.
C．It was promoted by fast-moving vehicles.
D．It provided conditions for wheel design to develop.
答案：D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modern road design.”可知，在现代的道路设计之前，轮子和车辆的设计是没有重大变化的。故选D项。
3．How is the last paragraph mainly developed?
A．By giving examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By following time order.
D．By making classifications.
答案：C 文章结构题。根据第四段中的时间数据mid-1700s,1820s,1846,1967可知，整个段落是按时间顺序展开说明的。
4．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The beginning of road design.
B．The development of transport wheels.
C．The history of public transport.
D．The invention of fast-moving vehicles.
答案：B 主旨归纳题。本文主要介绍了轮子的发展历程以及道路设计对车轮发展的影响，故选B项。
B
Back in the old days，there were three wise men in ancient Greece.These three wise men were from three different generations.Socrates was the oldest of the three.He passed his knowledge to his student，Plato，who then passed it on to Aristotle.Socrates，Plato，and Aristotle were all great philosophers(哲学家)．Together，their schools of thought have since become the foundation of Western philosophy.
Aristotle was born in 384 B．C.His father，Nicomachus，was a doctor to the king of Macedonia.As the son of a doctor，Aristotle was no stranger to science.Growing up，he learned quite a lot about medicine and biology from his father.Later，after Nicomaehus passed away he was sent to study in Plato's Academy in Athens.Aristotle was about eighteen years old then.
Plato's Academy was Europe's first university.It offered courses on various subjects.Shortly after Aristotle began his study there，he devoted himself to learning everything on the curriculum.He soon proved himself an excellent student.Because of his wide range of interests，Aristotle never limited his range of education.As a result，he became the leading expert in many fields.Philosophy was simply one of them.Aristotle was in the Academy for nearly 20 years.He first joined as a student and then stayed on as a teacher.By the time that Plato died around 347 B．C.，Aristotle had already built up a very good name for himself.However，he did not get the job as the head of the Academy.That post went to Plato's nephew.Some people believed that Aristotle felt angry at the choice.But there is no proof to that theory.Regardless of what he had truly felt，Aristotle decided to leave Athens.So in 347 B．C.，he quit the Academy and went to work for Hermeias，ruler of Atarneus，in Asia Minor(today's Turkey)．Aristotle was not alone in this time.He and another Academy member，Xenocrates，who was also a famous philosopher，founded the Assus Academy.They taught there for several years.During his stay in Atarneus，Aristotle was on very good terms with Hermeias.He even married the man's niece，Pythias.Interestingly，when Aristotle later wrote his famous book，Politics，he said that the ideal ages for marriage was 37 for the husband and 18 for the wife.Given that Aristotle was 37 years old at the time，it is very likely that Pythias was 18.
5．Which of the following is NOT a philosopher?
A．Socrates.
B．Xenocrates.
C．Plato.
D．Nicomachus.
答案：D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句可知，Nicomachus是一名医生，其他三人都是哲学家，故选D项。
6．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Aristotle felt very angry that he was not chosen as the head of the Academy.
B．Plato's Academy was the first university in the world.
C．Aristotle ended up with a happy marriage.
D．Aristotle never left his homeland all his life.
答案：C 推理判断题。根据文章最后三句可知亚里士多德有着幸福美满的婚姻。A项只是一种说法，并未得到证实；B项的the world应改成Europe；由亚里士多德离开雅典去了小亚细亚可知D项错误。
7．According to the passage we can know in Plato's Academy________.
A．students were provided with only a few subjects at that time
B．Aristotle worked hard but he was still not famous
C．Aristotle didn't have a very good time for 20 years
D．Aristotle was not only a student but also became a teacher
答案：D 综合判断题。根据文章第三段第二句可知A项错误；根据文章第三段第六句可知B项错误；C项文中没有信息支持；根据文章第三段中的“He first joined as a student and then stayed on as a teacher.”可知D项正确。
8．The passage mainly tells us________.
A．some information about Aristotle
B．three wise men in ancient Greece
C．the foundation of Western philosophy
D．Europe's first university
答案：A 主旨归纳题。本文主要介绍的是亚里士多德的一些情况，故选A项。
Ⅴ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
Many years ago, when I worked as a volunteer at Stanford Hospital, I got to know a little girl__1__(name) Lisa who was suffering from a rare and serious disease. Her only chance of recovery appeared to be a blood transfusion__2__her five-year-old brother，__3__had miraculously (奇迹般地) survived the same disease and had developed the antibodies (抗体) needed to fight the__4__(ill)．
The doctor explained the situation to her little brother, and asked the boy__5__he would be willing to give his blood to his sister. I saw him hesitate for only a moment before taking__6__deep breath and saying, “Yes, I'll do it if it can save Lisa.”
As the transfusion progressed, he lay in a bed next to his sister and__7__(smile), as we all did, seeing the color returning__8__her cheeks. Then his face grew pale and his smile faded. He looked up at the doctor and asked with a trembling voice, “Will I start to die right away？”
__9__young, the boy had__10__(understand) the doctor; he thought he was going to have to give her all his blood.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．named 过去分词短语做后置定语。
2．from 从她5岁的弟弟身上输血。
3．who 非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的her five-year-old brother。
4．illness 她的弟弟曾经也患过此病，已经形成了抵抗这种疾病的抗体。
5．if if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”。
6．a 固定搭配，take a deep breath意为“做一次深呼吸”。
7．smiled 由上下文时态可知，这里为并列谓语。
8．to return to“返回到……，重新恢复……”。
9．Being 现在分词做原因状语。
10．misunderstood 根据上文可知他误会了医生。
【辽宁卷题型】
Kelly: Hi, Mr. Adams?
Mr. Adams: Ah, yes. You must be Kelly. Thanks__1__coming.
Kelly: Here's my card.
Mr. Adams: Oh，__2__is hard to find a good babysitter__3__a Friday night.
Kelly: I like watching kids，__4__I need the extra money.
Mr. Adams: Well, I heard you were one of__5__best babysitters in the area, and...
Kelly: Uh, well, I'd like to talk to you about the pay increase.
Mr. Adams: The pay increase?
Kelly: You see, Mr. Adams. I've consulted with my financial advisor. Uh, my mother, and she says I should charge more per child since I cook and clean your house__6__you're away.
Mr. Adams: Oh, I see. So, what do you have in mind?
Kelly: Well, as I see it, I'd like__7__(ask) a dollar more per child per hour, and overtime after midnight. And I'm now a certificated babysitter with training.
Mr. Adams: Oh, I never knew__8__courses and certifications of babysitting.
Kelly: Times__9__(change) , Mr. Adams. I have to cover college tuition，__10__(retire) and so on.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．for 考查固定搭配。thanks for doing sth.“感谢做某事”。
2．it 考查it的用法。此处it用作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。
3．on 考查介词。表示具体某一天的晚上用介词on。
4．and 考查连词。前后分句之间存在并列关系，故用并列连词and。
5．the 考查冠词。此处位于形容词最高级前面，故用the。
6．while/when 考查从属连词。此处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，故填while/when。
7．to ask 考查非谓语动词。would like to do sth.表示“想要做某事”，故用动词不定式。
8．there were 考查固定句式。此处表示“有”，故用there be结构。根据句中的“I never knew”及courses可知谓语动词应用一般过去时，且用复数形式。
9．are changing 考查时态。根据语境可知谓语动词应用现在进行时。此处表示时代在变化。
10．retirement 考查名词。根据句中的tuition及“and so on”，可知此处应用名词。
课件46张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 · 必修3 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient ChinaModule 51.1.1 集合的概念第三课时 Cultural Corner1.1.1 集合的概念Module 5Ⅰ.阅读下列句子，理解并识记黑体部分单词，在括号内写出单词的汉语意思
1．She is an honest girl.Her honesty made a deep impression on us.(honest adj.________；honesty n．________)
2．It is just to punish those who bring dangers to society.We all believe in the importance of social justice.(just adj.________________；justice n．_____________)
3．He was respected for his contributions to the development of the local community.He has contributed much to developing the local economy.(contribute v．______；contribution n．______)诚实的 诚实 公正的；正义的 正义；公正 贡献 贡献 4．Select a category that can best describe the items you want on the website.(category n．____________)
5．There are some arguments between the employer and his workers about the payment.Therefore it's normal for them to argue with each other.(argument n．________；argue vi.________)
6．Every one of us enjoys the freedom of choosing a job we like.That is to say，we are free to do whatever we like.(freedom n．________；free adj.________)分类；范畴争论争论自由自由的
7．Though he himself is not in good condition，the old man has much concern about the living conditions of the ordinary people in the city.(in good condition_______________；living conditions________)健康状况良好生活状况Ⅱ.短语互译
1．责任感________________________
2．总之________________________
3．如果是那样的话________________________
4．第一次________________________
5．举例子________________________
6．大规模生产________________________
7．例如________________________
8．tell the time________________________
9．at first________________________
10．as a result________________________a sense of responsibilityin conclusionif sofor the first timegive an examplemass productionsuch as报时起初因此Ⅲ.根据文章填空
The Industrial Revolution in Europe in the 18th century 1.________it from a 2.________________to an industrial one.The 3.__________of factories made mass production possible 4._______________.The population of towns and cities greatly 5.________as well.The steam engine 6.________by James Watt was used in factories and on the 7.________.changedfarming societyappearancefor the first timeincreasedinventedrailways
Thousands of people began to leave the 8.___________and worked in the city，but they lived in poor and crowded 9.__________.From 1830 to the early 20th century，the Industrial Revolution 10.________through Europe and the US and then to other countries.countrysideconditionsspread1.advantage n. 有利条件；优势；利益；好处
Living in a big city has many advantages.
住在大城市里有很多有利条件。
搭配
be of advantage to...对……有利
gain/have/win an advantage over优于，胜过
take advantage of利用……，占……的便宜辨析
advantage，benefit，profit①He has the advantage of a steady job.
他有工作稳定的有利条件。
②Because of illness she didn't get much benefit from her stay abroad.
她待在国外因生病而未得到多大好处。
③We made a profit of $50.
我们赚了50美元。
知识拓展
advantageous adj. 有利的；有益的
disadvantage n．不利条件
即学即用
语法填空
(1)Being able to speak another language well is a great________when you're looking for a job.
答案：advantage 句意：能说好另外一种语言在你找工作时是一个很大的优势。advantage“优势，优点”，符合题意。答案：(2)profit (3)advantage (4)benefit
2．condition n．条件；情形；环境；社会地位
①The car is in very good condition.
这辆汽车情况良好。
②Regular exercise conditions the body for strenuous activity.
经常锻炼使身体适应剧烈活动。
知识拓展
常用短语：
in good/poor condition处于良好的/糟糕的状态；out of condition健康状况不佳；on condition that条件是……；working/living/housing conditions 工作/生活/居住条件；on no condition绝不要，在任何条件下都不。
①The car is still in good condition though it is a used one.
虽然是旧车但车况良好。
②You can go out to play on condition that you finish your homework.
你完成作业才能出去玩儿。
③On no condition can you tell him what happened.
在任何情况下你都不能把发生的事情告诉他。词语辨析：state，condition，situation①He is in a good state.
他身体健康。
②Everything was in a state of disorder.
一切都处于紊乱状态。
③His condition will not permit him to travel.
他的情况不允许他旅游。
④We are in an embarrassing situation.
我们处于尴尬的境地。即学即用
介词填空
You may borrow the book________condition that you don't lend it to anyone else.
答案：on 句意为：你可以在不借给其他任何人的情况下借这本书。考查condition构成的短语。on condition that“条件是……，只要”。3．until的用法
1)until和till用于肯定句中，主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，表示这一动作或状态一直延续到until/till所表示的时间为止。如live，wait，last，love，like，dislike，stay，work等。
①He watched TV until/till midnight last night.
他昨天晚上看电视一直到了半夜。(until/till是介词)
②I waited for him until/till he came back.
我一直等到他回来。(until/till是连词)2)until用于否定句中，其句型为not...until/not...till，意为“直到……才”或“在……之前不(没有)”，通常与非延续性动词连用，强调主句所表示的状态或情景到until/till所表示的时间才发生，主句必须是否定句，表示非延续性的动词有come，go，leave，meet，realize，understand，reach，get，arrive at等。
He didn't go home until ten o'clock.
他直到10点钟才回家。(go home的动作是在10点钟才发生的)
注意：until引导的状语从句可以放在句首，但till引导的状语从句则不可以。3)until与否定词not同时位于句首时(not until)，主语和谓语必须倒装。
Not until Sunday did he finish his work.
直到星期天他才完成了工作。
4)It was not until...that...是一个not until的强调句型。
It was not until I got home that I realized I had lost my keys.
直到到家了，我才发现我的钥匙丢了。(该句强调了not until I got home)
其原句为：I didn't realize I had lost my keys until I got home.注意：not until用于强调句式时，无论是until从句还是that后连接的其余部分都不用倒装，因为只有not until放在句首时，主句才倒装，而且连词that不可以省略。
5)until引导的是时间状语从句，因此表达将来的情况应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
We'll stay here until he comes back.
我们要待在这儿，直到他回来。
6)until只能指时间，不能指空间，指空间要用as far as。
We walked as far as the end of the road.
我们一直走到了路的尽头。即学即用
语法填空
(1)It was________he came back from Africa that year________he met the girl he would like to marry.
答案：not until；that 考查了“not...until”句式在强调句中的用法。在强调句中对until引导的时间状语从句进行强调时，not也应一块提前。(2)Not until he left his home ________he begin to know how important the family was for him.
答案：did 考查倒装。 not until放在句首要用部分倒装，翻译为“直到”，所以begin发生在left之后或同时发生。
(3)—When shall we restart our business?
—Not until we ________(finish)our plan.
答案：have finished 考查动词时态。在状语从句中，经常用一般现在时表将来时，用现在完成时表将来完成时。此处为until引导的时间状语从句，故用现在完成时。句意：直到我们完成我们的计划，我们才重新开始我们的生意。 for the first time 第一次
for＋the first/second/其他序数词/last＋time表示“第……次”，在句中作状语。
We met in Nanjing for the first time.
我们在南京初次相见。
知识拓展
1)“This/It is the first/second/其他序数词/last＋time＋that从句”的意思是“这是某人第一/二/……/最后一次做某事”。
2)the first time作连词，连接时间状语从句，相当于when...for the first time。
3)It is time for＋n./pron.；It is time(for sb.)to do...；It's time＋that从句。4)for a second time意思是“再一次；又一次”。
①This was the first time that he had been to Canada.
这是他第一次去加拿大。
②The first time I saw her，I loved her.
我对她一见钟情。
③It's time for us to have a break.
是我们休息的时候了。
④I want to try for a second time.
我想再试一次。即学即用
完成句子
①第一次去那里的时候，我有点儿紧张，但很快就放松下来了。虽然我是第一次到那儿，也有很多事情要做，但我还是很快让自己适应了新环境。
____________________________I went there，I was a bit nervous，but soon I was at ease.Though I went there________________________and I had a lot of things to deal with，I adjusted myself to the new environment quickly.
②这是他第一次来这里，现在真应该领着他到处参观一下。
It is the first time that he________________here and now it is high time that he________________around.
答案：①The first time；for the first time ②has come；was shown/(should)be shownⅠ.用动词适当形式填空
1．Our dog always________(bark)at strangers.
2．Everyone should________(contribute)what he or she can afford.
3．As a boy，he became________(interest)in drawing.
4．Can you tell me who________(invent)the first computer?
5．This is a book ________(refer to)the life in South Africa.
6．He spent all the time he had ________(make)research on the comprehensiveness of water resource.7．Mencius，________(bring up)by his mother，was a thinker.
8．I think you'd better________(follow)your teacher's advice.
9．He spoke in a loud voice in order to make himself________(hear)．
10．I was________(wake)up by a noise in the room.
答案：1.barks 2.contribute 3.interested 4.invented 5.referring to 6.making 7.brought up 8.follow 9.heard 10.wokenⅡ.同义句转换
1. Before I decide what I'm going to write，I have to discuss the article with my editor.
Before I decide ________________________，I have to discuss the article with my editor.
2．The house built last year is our classroom.
The house ________________________last year is our classroom.3．I don't like to go to supermarkets that are crowded with people.
I don't like to go to supermarkets________________people.
4．The meeting ended when it was twelve o'clock.
The meeting ________________ when it was twelve o' clock.
5．Look up the new words in the dictionary if necessary.
________________the dictionary if necessary.
答案：1.what to write 2.which/that was built 3.full of/crowded with 4.was over 5.Refer toⅢ.语法填空
1．________conclusion，I'd like to say that I believe him.I'm convinced________his honesty.
答案：In；of 句意：最后我想说，我相信他，我对他的诚实深信不疑。in conclusion总之，最后。
2．It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine.If________，we'd better take it to the garage immediately.
答案：so 考查副词(短语)。句意：听起来车的发动机好像有问题，如果那样的话，我们最好立刻把它弄到汽修厂去。if so“若是这样”，符合句意。
3．—It's reported in the local newspaper that the murderer was caught in a small town.
—________has long arms.
答案：Justice 句意：——据当地报纸报道，杀人犯已经在一个小镇上被捕了。——天网恢恢，疏而不漏。Justice has long arms.天网恢恢，疏而不漏。4．The better use you can make________time，the greater contributions you will make________society.
答案：of；to make good use of好好利用；make great contributions to为……做出很大贡献。
5．It was the first time that Yang Liwei________(travel)in space.
答案：had traveled 句意：这是杨利伟第一次进入太空。It is the first time＋从句的结构中，从句用现在完成时。It was the first time＋从句的结构中，从句用过去完成时。6. The car has something wrong.It is________condition.
答案：out of out of condition 状况不佳，符合句意。
7．________most students，she was always well prepared and never came to class late.
答案：Like 从“she was always well prepared and never came to class late”可知用like。like表示人与人或事物与事物之间有相似之处，是介词。8．—How dark your brother's hair is!
—It's________darker than mine when I was at his age.
答案：not 句意：他的头发不比我在他这个年龄时的头发黑。
9．The tsunami killed________(成千上万的)people in South and Southeast Asia.
答案：tens of thousands of 句意：海啸在南亚和东南亚造成成千上万人死亡。
10．________by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies.
答案：Only 句意：只有通过降低价格，Power Data才能有超过其他公司的优势。课件10张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 · 必修3 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient ChinaModule 5电话是当今社会最普遍、最实用的通讯工具之一。1876年世界上第一部电话诞生。电话的发明者亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔，从小就受到家庭的熏陶，对声学和语言学产生了兴趣……The invention of the telephone
In the nineteenth century，the invention of the telegraph made it possible to send noises，signals(信号)，and even music over wires(电线)from one place to another.However，the human voice had never traveled this way. 1. and in 1876 some of their efforts paid off①.Two American inventors, Alexander Graham Bell and Elisha Gray，succeeded at almost the same time②.The United States Supreme Court finally had to decide which of the two was the first inventor of the telephone.The Court decided in Bell's favor.Born in Edinburgh，Scotland，Bell grew up in a family that was very interested in teaching people to speak.His grandfather had been an actor who left the theatre to teach elocution(演说术)．His father was a teacher who helped the deaf learn how to speak.
In 1871 ，the year after the Bell's arrival in Canada，young Alexander found a job in the United States.He was hired③ as a teacher in a new school for the deaf in Boston，Massachusetts.He taught there and at other United States schools.Finally，he opened a school of his own.
Bell thought that if he could make speech visible(看得见的)by actually showing the vibrations(震动)of the voice，he could teach his deaf pupils to make the same vibrations themselves.Bell tried to find a way to reproduce the vibrations by electrical means.His assistant，Watson，worked with him for almost four years. 2. .When their money ran out④，they persuaded some businessmen to help them with money.One day in 1874，Bell was at his receiver in the room，trying to catch the signals sent by Watson from another room.Suddenly he heard a twang.Bell rushed into Watson's room and shouted，“What did you do then？” He found that the sound had been made by chance when two pieces of metal had stuck together and carried to Bell over the wire.After this discovery，all they had to do was to find the best kinds of materials for carrying the human voice over wires.The basic principle had been discovered.
Not long after Bell's invention，telephone companies were established in the United States，Great Britain，France and many other countries.
知识点击①努力或付出得到回报 ②几乎同时 ③雇用 ④用完自主探究
Choose the correct sentences to fill in the blanks in the text.
A．They spent all their spare time，as well as their spare money，on their experiments
B．Bell never lost interest in helping the deaf
C．Many inventors tried to find a way to send a voice over wires
答案：1.C 2.A
