Module 1 第一课时
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The machine is ________(load) with clothes.
2．We must use our ________(limit) time to finish this task.
3．When we arrived, we found a note ________(attach) to the door.
4．No one believed the ________(predict) that the world would end on December 21.
5．We started early with his car ________(charge)．
6．He was ________(arrest) when the policeman found drugs in his bag.
7．Caught in the act, he had no ________(alternative) but to confess.
8．Britain's natural ________(resource) include oil, coal and so on.
9．He was ________(fire) for not coming to work on time.
10．The troop was in the ________(command) of General Brown.
答案：1.loaded 2.limited 3.attached 4.prediction
5．charged 6.arrested 7.alternative 8.resources 9.fired
10．command
Ⅱ.选择适当的短语并用其正确形式填空
free of charge， get rid of， use up， run out， carry out， for sure， rely on， in command of， charge... for， switch on
1.We should ________________ some bad habits and develop good ones.
2．Who was __________________ daily business, while our boss was on business?
3．He usually telephones his parents before his money is ______________.
4．The man washes clothes for the visitors coming here ________________.
5．Nowadays, many young people ____________ their parents to live.
6．I think he will come back at 12：00 but I can't say ________.
7．Don't ______________ all your money. Leave some for your study.
8．How much did they ________ you ________ your meal?
9．If you can't see clearly, you'd better ____________ the light.
10．We need to ____________ more researches.
答案：1.get rid of 2.in command of 3.running out 4.free of charge 5.rely on 6.for sure 7.use up 8.charge；for 9．switch on 10.carry out
Ⅲ.语法填空
1．They had to return from the hiking in the desert because their food almost ran ________.
答案：out 句意：他们不得不从沙漠中徒步回来，因为他们的食物快要用完了。run out用完，耗尽(常以“物”作主语，为不及物动词词组)，符合题意。
2．I offered the ________ suggestions of spending the holiday in the mountains or by the sea.
答案：alternative 解答此题的关键是“or”，“不是去山上就是去海边”，所以最佳答案是alternative“可供选择的”。
3．(2014·银川高一检测改编)You can take as many books as you like here for they are free of ________.
答案：charge 句意：从这里你可以尽可能多地拿书，因为书是免费的。charge意为“费用，价钱”，符合题意。
4．I cough day and night. It has been like this for ten days. I can't ________ it.
答案：get rid of 句意：我日夜咳嗽已经十天了；我摆脱不了咳嗽。get rid of摆脱。
5．I rely on him ________ (pay) back the money.
答案：to pay 句意：我相信他会还钱。rely on表示“信赖；信任”时同depend on，可以说rely on sb. to do sth.，也可以说rely on sb. doing sth.。根据句意，可知用to pay。
6．(2014·郑州高一检测改编)We have good players and we will win the match ________ sure.
答案：for 句意：我们有好的运动员，一定能赢得比赛。for sure确定，有把握。
7．(2014·聊城高一检测改编)________interesting the film is, I won't waste time on it.
答案：Now matter how/ However 句意：无论那部电影多么有趣，我都不会在它身上浪费时间。No matter how/however都可以加形容词引导让步状语从句。
8．She ________a chain to the dog's collar.
答案：attached 句意：她把一个链子拴到了狗的项圈上。attach在此表示“把……连在……上面”(可译为“拴”)符合句意。
9．To keep the town clean, the truck which was ________(load) garbage is prevented from entering to town.
答案：loaded with 句意：为了保持城镇清洁，禁止垃圾车进入城镇。load sth. with sth.意为“装载某物”，此处用被动语态，指卡车装满了垃圾。
10．There is no ________ to what you can do if you try.
答案：limit 句意：如果你尝试，就没有做不成的事。limit“限制，限定”，后常接介词to。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Sometime in the next century, the familiar early-morning newspaper on the front porch will disappear. And instead of reading your newspaper, it will read to you. You'll get up and turn on the computer newspaper just like switching on the TV. An electronic voice will distribute stories about the latest events, guided by a program that selects the type of news you want. You'll even get to choose the kind of voice you want to hear. Want more information on the brief story? A simple touch makes the entire text appear. Save it in your own personal computer file if you like. These are among the predictions from communications experts working on the newspaper of the future. Pictured as part of broader home-based media and entertainment systems, computer newspapers would unite print and broadcast reporting, offering news and analysis (分析)with video of news events.
Most of the technology is available now, but convincing(使相信) more people that they don't need paper to read a newspaper is the next step. Resistance(阻力) to computer newspapers may be stronger from within journalism(新闻界). Since it is such a cultural change，it may be that the present generation of journalists and publishers will have to die off before the next generation realizes that the newspaper industry is no longer a newspaper industry. Technology is making the end of traditional newspapers unavoidable.
Despite technological advances, it could take decades to replace newsprint with computer screens. It might take 30 to 40 years to complete the changeover because people need to buy computers and because newspapers have established financial interests in the paper industry.
1．The best title of this passage is ________.
A．Computer Newspapers Are Well Liked
B．Newspapers of the Future Will Likely Be on Computer
C．Newspapers Are out of Fashion
D．New Communications Technology
答案：B 文中提及的the computer newspaper只是预测，还需一段时间代替(传统)报纸，故A、C两项不正确，D项答案概念太大。
2．It might take 30 to 40 years for computer newspapers to replace traditional newspapers, because ________.
A．it is technologically impossible now
B．computer newspapers are too expensive
C．there is strong resistance from both the general population and professional journalists
D．traditional newspapers are easier to read
答案：C 从文中最后一段最后一句中because从句可以看出来自两方面的阻力。
3．Which of the following is NOT an advantage of computer newspapers?
A．They are cheaper than traditional newspapers.
B．They are very convenient to use.
C．You can get more information from them quickly.
D．You can easily save information for future use.
答案：A B、C、D三项文中均已提及，而A项未提及；再者根据常识A项也不正确。
4．We can infer from the passage that ________.
A．all technological changes are good
B．all technologies will eventually replace old ones
C．new technologies will eventually replace old ones
D．traditional newspapers are here to stay for another century
答案：C 根据文中第二段最后一句可推断出。unavoidable意为“不可避免的”。
B
Let us suppose it is now about A. D. 2063. Let's make believe (假装，虚构) it is about fifty years from now. Of course, things have changed and life is very different.
Voyages to the moon are being made every day. It is as easy to take a holiday on the moon today as it was for the people in 1960 to take a holiday in Europe. At a number of scenic spots on the moon, many hotels have been built. The hotels are air-conditioned, naturally. In order that everyone can enjoy the beautiful scenery on the moon, every room has at least one picture window. Everything imaginable is provided for entertainment of the young and the old.
What are people eating now? People are still eating food. But many foods now come in pill form, and the food that goes into the pill continues to come mainly from green plants.
Since there are several times as many people in the world today as there were a hundred years ago, most of our planet's surface has to be filled. The deserts are irrigated with water and crops are no longer destroyed by pests. The harvest is always good.
Farming, of course, is very highly developed. Very few people have to work on the farm. It is possible to run the farm by just pushing a few buttons now and then.
People are now largely vegetarians (素食者). You see, as the number of people increases, the number of animals decreases. Therefore, the people have to be vegetarians and we are healthier both in our bodies and in our minds, and we know the causes and cure of disease and pain, and it is possible to get rid of diseases. No one has to be ill any more.
Such would be our life in 2063.
语篇解读：本文讲述了在2063年，一些事情发生了变化，我们的生活也变得不同了。
5．When was the passage written?
A．In about A. D. 2060. B．In about 1960.
C．In about 2013. D．In about 2004.
答案：C 推理判断题。由第一段第二句“Let's make believe it is about fifty years from now.”可推知本文写于大约2013年。
6．According to the passage, what will be on the moon in about A. D. 2063?
A．Many tourists. B．Many other animals.
C．Many plants. D．A sea.
答案：A 细节理解题。由短文第二段可以知道，到2063年，月球上将会有度假的人们、旅游景点和许多宾馆。因此答案为A。
7．What will people eat then according to the passage?
A．Biscuits in pill form. B．Foods in pill form.
C．Foods in water form. D．Foods in gas form.
答案：B 细节理解题。由第三段第三句“But many foods now come in pill form, and the food that goes into the pill continues to come mainly from green plants.”可知食物呈弹丸形式，故选B。
8．The passage tells us that in 2063, ________ on the earth than now.
A．there are fewer population
B．there are more pests
C．there is less water
D．the crops are getting better
答案：D 推理判断题。由第四段可知到2063年的人口将更多，沙漠用水浇灌，庄稼不再被害虫毁坏，收成总是很好。因此答案为D。
Ⅴ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
In my free time, I really like surfing the Internet. When I get home from work, I turn on my computer, waiting__1__it is booted up completely, and then I go online. I usually check my email first and then write a few messages__2__my family and friends. I sometimes scan the local news headlines at my__3__(favor) news website and read up on the latest local and international news. This website often provides video news clips__4__people can view online. I sometimes order products or service online to save money and time instead of going to a store and__5__(buy) what I'm looking for. For example, I__6__(order) a digital camera online the other day and saved about $50. Whatever I do, I realize that there are problems__7__ using the Internet including scams (欺诈), identity (身份) theft, and viruses, so I'm very careful not to give out my__8__(person) information. Furthermore, I don't download or open files I don't recognize. Using the Internet can be fun and__9__convenient way of shopping and getting new information，__10__you just need to be careful.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．until/till 考查时间状语的连接词。直到电脑启动了，“我”就开始上网。
2．to write to“给……写(短信)”。
3．favorite 形容词修饰名词。
4．that/which 考查定语从句关系代词，先行词为video news clips。
5．buying 因有instead of，buy应用动名词形式，与going to并列。
6．ordered 从the other day判断用一般过去时。
7．with 考查句型There is a problem/problems with sth/doing sth。
8．personal personal information“个人信息”。
9．a a convenient way“一个方便的途径”。
10．but 此处语意转折，“但你需要小心”。
【辽宁卷题型】
Linda：Hi, Leath, you're from Zimbabwe (津巴布韦). Could you talk about that?
Leath：OK. Well, I'm from Harare，the capital of Zim. I was born there. My folks are British. My dad is from Manchester and my mom is from Scotland.__1__we say there, growing up in Zimbabwe was “lacker”__2__means really cool in Africans. It was like you growing up in an open place__3__ animals and sunshine. Today it's not doing too well because the economy is crashed，__4__growing up there is really good.
Linda：Wow! What animals could you see?
Leath：Ah, just about__5__hour's drive out of any city, you are likely__6__(come) across anything. I've seen leopards often at night. You could see monkeys along the road. In certain areas you'll have to stop for elephants. There are some__7__(warn) signs they are actually quite dangerous at night. So, there's buck everywhere. And then away__8__residential areas, you can see rhinos (犀牛) and lions. They are never around human__9__(settle) because they are very dangerous. They do take people__10__time to time.
Linda: Wow ! That's fascinating. Thanks, Leath.
Leath: You're welcome!
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．As 考查连词。此处的意思是“正如……”，填as。
2．which/that 考查定语从句的引导词。很明显，修饰的是lacker，来解释说明这个词的意思，因此用which/that。
3．with 考查介词。“成长的地方有动物和阳光”，with表示伴随的状态。
4．but 考查连词。前面说经济不好，后面说在那里长大真的很好，显然是转折关系。
5．an 考查冠词。“一小时的车程”，hour是元音音素开头，用an。
6．to come 考查固定用法。be likely to do...作“可能会……”讲。
7．warning 考查非谓语动词。修饰后面的signs，只能用warning。
8．from 考查介词。away from...作“远离，相距”讲。
9．settlement 考查名词。settlement除了可以作“解决”讲，还可以作“定居点”讲。本句中指的是人类定居点。
10．from 考查固定搭配。from time to time作“不时，偶尔”讲。
课件187张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 · 必修4 Life in the Future Module 11.1.1 集合的概念第一课时 Introduction & Reading1.1.1 集合的概念Module 1Ⅰ.速记单词
1．________(adj.)替换的；供选择的
2．________(adj.)都市的；城市的
3．________(vt.)逮捕；拘留
4．________(vt.)开火；启动
5．________(n.)命令；指令
6．________(n.)费用；价钱(vt.)要价；指控
7．________(n.)开关(vi.)交换；调换
8．________(vt.)系；贴；连接alternativeurbanarrestfirecommandchargeswitchattach9．crime(n.)罪；罪行→________(n.)罪犯；犯人
10．________(n.)预测→predict(vt.)预言；预料
11．________(vt.)装；装载→unload(vt.)卸；卸载→download(vt.)下载
12．________(adv.)户外→outdoor(adj.)户外的
13．power(vt.)供给动力→________(adj.)强大的
14．________(n.)失去能力；伤残→ability(n.)能力→________(adj.)能的→unable(adj.)不能的criminalloadpredictionoutdoorspowerfuldisabilityableⅡ.短语互译
1．(某物)用完；不多了；没有了 _______
2．依靠 _______
3．除掉；处理掉 _________
4．免费 ____________
5．用完 ______
6．for sure ______
7．place an order ____
8．carry out __________
9．attach... to... ________________
10．at the flick of a switch _____________run outrely onget rid offree of chargeuse up肯定地订购执行；完成把……系到……上轻轻一按开关Ⅲ.完成句子
1．为了清除垃圾，城市将用巨型宇宙飞船装载废弃物并把它们朝太阳发射，这样做防止了垃圾填埋和环境问题。
__________________________， the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towards the sun，_______________________________________. (不定式作目的状语；v.-ing作结果状语)
2．每个人在出生时都会领到一个电话号码，无论他们生活在什么地方，这个号码都不会改变。
Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change ____________________.(让步状语从句)To get rid of garbage problemspreventing landfill and environmental problemsno matter where they live3．所有的汽车都将由电能、太阳能或风能提供动力，并且只要轻轻按一下开关就能够改变汽车的颜色。
All cars will be powered by electricity, solar energy or wind, and ______________________________________at the flick of a switch.(it be＋adj.＋to do sth.)
4．随着每个城市拥有自己的远程手术门诊部，医生将能在数千英里以外实施手术，远程手术将会变得十分普遍。
Distance surgery will become common as doctors carry out operations from thousands of miles away, ________________________________________________.(with复合结构)it will be possible to change the colour of carswith each city having its own telesurgery outpatient clinic
5．通过系在头上的高科技照相机，老年人和身体有残疾的人就能周游世界。
Senior citizens and people with disabilities will be able to go anywhere in the world using high-tech cameras __________________. (过去分词作定语)attached to their headⅣ.语篇理解
Step 1 Introduction
Match the building materials with the pictures.
A．brick B．glass C．plastic D．rubber E．wood
Step 2 Fast-reading
Ⅰ.Read the passage fast and fill in the blanks with proper words.
Ⅱ.True (T) or False (F)．
1．In the future, police will always arrest criminals by guns.( )
2．In the future all shopping will be done online.( )
3．Recreation will be free in the future.( )
4．People won't smoke in the future.( )
5．In the future, doctors will carry out operations from thousands of miles away.( )
Step 3 Careful-reading
Choose the best answers according to the passage.
1．What is for sure about the cities in the future?
A．They are getting bigger before they get smaller.
B．They are getting smaller before they get bigger.
C．They are getting smaller and smaller.
D．They will keep the same as today.
2．When will a man get his telephone number in the future?
A．When he is 18 years old.
B．When he is 14 years old.
C．When he gets married.
D．After he is born.
3．Which is NOT true in the year 2025 according to the text?
A．No smoking.
B．Batman nets.
C．Garbage ships.
D．Cars powered by wind.
4．Why do people care more about the environment in the future?
A．Because they can use recycled materials.
B．Because they have improved the sense of environment.
C．Because the earth's natural resources are running out.
D．Because there are more people in the world.
5．What can you do in the year 2025?
A．I can go shopping in the malls.
B．I can entertain freely.
C．I have to go to hospital to get operated on.
D．I can smoke in the city.Step 4 Summary
Fill in the blanks according to the passage.
What will the city of the future 1.________？ 2.______ is a risky business. One thing is that 3.________ the environment will become very important as earth's natural resources 4.________. 5.________， there are plenty of things about city life in the future which are not certain. Here are some ideas that young people create：
Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change 6.________ where' they live.
Everyone will do shopping and 7.________ online.
Doctors will 8.________ operations from thousands of miles away and distance surgery will become common.
Senior citizens and people 9.________ will be able to go anywhere using high-tech cameras 10.________their head.Step 5 Discussion
There are some predictions made in the passage. Let's have a discussion in pairs and find out which prediction is the strangest or most useful, and which do you think will come true first and which last.
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
答案：Step 1 1～5 BEADC
Step 2 Ⅰ.1.size 2.care for 3.urban life
Ⅱ.1.F 2.T 3.T 4.F 5.T
Step 3 1～5 ADACB
Step 4 1.look like 2.Making predictions 3.care for
4．run out 5.However 6.no matter 7.place orders
8. carry out 9.with disabilities 10. attached to
Step 5
①I think “Forget smoking” is most useful. People in the future will pay more attention to their health and lead a more comfortable life, but smoking is bad for their health, so smoking won't be allowed.
②I find the prediction about “Batman nets” very strange. How police will use it to catch criminals seems very strange.
③I feel the prediction about telesurgery very strange. How will doctors diagnose illnesses for the patients?
④In my opinion, the prediction about cars will come true first, for now many motorcycles powered by electricity are on sale in shops, which is friendly to the environment, so they are very popular.
1.describe vt.
(1)描写；描绘；叙述；形容
Words can't describe my joy.
我的快乐，难以言表。
(2)把……说成(describe...as...)
describe an idea as(being)original
说一种想法很独特
(3)画(图形)
The missile described a curve across the night sky.
导弹在夜空中划出了一道弧线。
知识拓展
describable adj. 描绘的；描写的
description n. 描写；描述；形容；叙述
链接：
describe sb./sth. to/for sb. 向/为某人描述……
describe sb./sth. as... 把……描述/称为……
即学即用
语法填空
Jim was described____________his colleagues____________ “unusual”．
答案：by; as 固定搭配。句意为：吉姆被他的同事描述成“非同一般的”。
2．waste vt. 浪费；消耗；使荒芜
Don't waste time persuading him to do this work.
不要浪费时间说服他做这件工作了。知识拓展
1)waste n. 浪费；损耗；垃圾
adj. 废弃的；荒芜的
waste当动词用时，常用于waste time/money on sth. 在……上浪费时间/金钱；waste time/money(in) doing sth. 浪费时间/金钱做某事。当名词时，常用于It is a waste of time to do... 做……是浪费时间。
Don't waste your time chatting on line.
不要把时间浪费在上网聊天上。
It is a waste of time to listen to her music.
听她的音乐是浪费时间。
2)类似waste time/money(in) doing sth.的句型：
spend time(in) doing 花时间做某事
have difficulty(in) doing 做某事有困难
Every day he spends half an hour (in) reading English.
他每天花半小时的时间读英语。
The disabled man had much difficulty (in) climbing the hill, but he succeeded.
那位残疾人爬山很困难，但是他成功了。即学即用
(1)翻译句子
①我不得不花一些时间改写我的剧本。(spend)
__________________________________________________
②这个女孩在学数学方面有困难。(difficulty)
__________________________________________________
③不要浪费时间闲逛了。(waste)
__________________________________________________
答案：①I had to spend some time rewriting my play.
②The girl has some difficulty learning maths.
③Don't waste time wandering.
(2)语法填空
—Do you have any idea what Paul does all day?
—As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he does________(write)．
答案：writing 句意：——你知道保罗整天做什么吗？——据我所知，他花在玩上的时间至少和花在写作上的时间一样多。此题变相考查spend time(in) doing sth. “花时间做某事”。does代替spends, 即spend time(in) writing“花时间写作”。3．alternative adj. 替换的；供选择的
(1)adj. 替换的；二者择一的；供选择的
The road was blocked, so we went by an alternative road.
这条路被封锁了，因此我们走了另一条路。
alternative energy 可替代能源
an alternative plan 替代方案
(2)n. 二者择一；可供选择的办法/事物；选择余地
have no alternative but “除……外别无选择；只好……”，后接to do sth.。
They offered project alternatives to us.
他们向我们提供了项目方案。
辨析：alternative与choice
(1)alternative指在两者之间作出选择；
(2)choice指一般意义上的选择。
①That's the only alternative.
没有选择余地。(没有第二个选择)
②Choice of the goal covers choice of the means.
目标的选择包含着手段的选择。
知识拓展
(1)alternative无比较级形式。
(2)alternate v. 轮流；交流；更迭；adj. 轮流的；可代替的；alter vt. 变更
即学即用
语法填空
If you don't like the school lunch, you have the ________ of bringing your own.
答案：alternative 句意：要是你不喜欢学校准备的午餐，你可以自己带饭。alternative adj.“可替换的，可代替的”；n.选择余地。
4．prediction n. [C，U]预测
The results of the experiment confirmed our predictions.
实验结果证实了我们的预测。
It's difficult to make accurate predictions about its effects on man's health.
很难准确预测它对人类健康产生的影响。
知识拓展
predict vt. 预言；预告；预测
The fortune teller predicted that he would marry at the age of 30.
算命先生预言他会在30岁时结婚。
It's impossible to predict who will win the competition.
无法预测谁会赢得比赛。辨析：predict与forecast
It's hard to predict when it will happen.
很难预测它何时发生。
The teacher forecast that most students would pass the exam.
老师预测大多数学生会通过考试。
即学即用
语法填空
It ________(predict) that solar energy will become the major energy in the future, though it's not quite sure.
答案：is predicted 根据后半句“... though it's not quite sure.”可知，前半句仅仅是一种预测，故应用predict。It is predicted that...意为：据预测。
5．risky adj.危险的；冒险的
It is risky to make such a decision.
作这样的一个决定是冒险的。知识拓展
risk n. 危险；风险
v．冒……的危险
常见搭配
at the risk of冒……的危险
Unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits increase the risk of heart disease.
不健康的行为，比如不好的饮食习惯，会增加心脏病的风险。
注意：risk当动词用的时候，后面常跟动名词作宾语。
They would not allow him to risk swimming across the river.
他们不允许他冒险游过这条河。
即学即用
语法填空
He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk ________(lose) the good opportunity.
答案：losing risk后面接动名词，句子的主语he和lose之间是主动关系，故用动词-ing的主动形式。 6．run
(1)n. 跑；奔；短途旅行
There are no stops on the run to the coast.
在去海滨的路途中没有车站。
(2)vi. & vt.
①跑；奔
He ran across the road.
他跑过了马路。②(机器)转动；运转
The engine runs well.
发动机运转良好。
③延伸；继续
The road runs beside the river.
这条路沿着河边延伸。
④经营；管理
It's said that they are running a restaurant abroad.
据说他们在国外经营一家餐馆。
知识拓展
in the long run 从长远的观点来看；毕竟；终究
in the short run 从短期来看；在短期内
run across 无意间碰到
run after 追逐；追求
run against 撞上；违反
run away 逃跑
run away with (感情等)战胜；不受约束
run over (车辆)碾压；匆匆看一遍；游览
run into sb./sth. 偶遇某人/某物
run through 浏览
run out 逃开；用完注意：
(1)run out意为“……用完了”，为不及物动词，主语通常为时间、金钱、食物等。
(2)run out of意为“用完了……”，为及物动词，表主动意义，主语一般为人。
Her money has been run out of and her patience is also running out.
她的钱已经用完了，她的耐心也要耗尽了。即学即用
语法填空
(1)—Do you think we should accept that offer?
—Yes, we should, for we________(have) such bad luck up till now, and time________(run) out.
答案：have had; is running 考查时态。由up till now确定第一空应用完成时态。run out为不及物动词，无被动语态，由句意可知用现在进行时。 (2)They use computers to keep the traffic________(run) smoothly.
答案：running 本题题意：他们使用计算机来保持交通畅通无阻。keep表示“保持或继续处于…的状态”，后接形容词，现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、名词以及副词等担任宾语补足语，但不能采用不定式(短语)。例如：Sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 对不起，让你久等了。此外，run表示“运转；运行”时，通常用作不及物动词。例如：The machine won't run smoothly. 这台机器运转不灵。由句意可知用v.-ing形式。完成句子
(3)他老是发工资之前就把钱花完了。
He is always ________ ________ ________ money before payday.
(4)My money has run out. (同义句转化)
＝I have ________ ________ ________ my money.
＝I have ________ ________ my money.
＝My money has ________ ________ ________.
答案：(3)running out of (4)run out of；used up；been used up
7．load装；装载
①He is loading the goods into the back of the car.
他正把货物装入车的后部。
②They loaded the ship with coal.
他们将煤装上船。
注意：load sth. into sth. 将……装入……
load sth. with sth. 将……装上……；使……装满
知识拓展
load n．负荷；负担；运载的量
I finally passed the exam and that was a load off my mind.
我最终通过了考试，放下了心里的一块石头。
注意：a load off one's mind解除心中的忧虑即学即用
完成句子
(1)我们在我们的跑车上装满食物、水、水果和衣服，然后离开了。
We ________ our sports car ________ all the food，water，fruit and clothes and then drove off.
(2)谁将把沙子装到船上？
Who will ________ the sand ________ the boat?
(3)飞向北方的飞机装满了货物。
The plane flying to the north ________ ________ ________goods.语法填空
(4)________(load) so much homework, many students come to be tired of school.
答案：(1)loaded; with (2)load; onto
(3)was loaded with
(4)Loaded with 考查非谓语动词。be loaded with装载着。loaded with so much homework ＝because they are loaded with so much homework。load与句子主语many students之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以要用过去分词。
8．allow v．允许，准许。常用句式：allow sb. to do sth. /allow doing sth. /allow sb. sth.。
The doctor allowed him to smoke.
医生允许他吸烟。
They do not allow smoking in public.
他们不允许在公共场合吸烟。
知识拓展
allow for 考虑到，顾及
We'd better start earlier. We should allow for traffic delays.
我们还是早些动身为好，我们要考虑到路上交通会有耽搁。辨析
As a child, I was never allowed to stay up late.
小时候，大人从不允许我熬夜。
The rules of the club do not permit alcohol.
俱乐部规定不许饮酒。
Few politicians admit their mistakes.
政客很少会承认自己的错误。
即学即用
语法填空
In the old society women were not allowed ________(work) outside.
答案：to work 句意：在旧社会，不允许妇女外出工作。此题考查allow sb. to do sth. “允许某人做某事”的被动语态：sb. be allowed to do sth.。
9．criminal n．[C]罪犯 adj. 犯罪的
The criminal was put into prison for seven years.
该罪犯被判七年有期徒刑。
He has no criminal record.
他没有犯罪记录。知识拓展
(1)crime n. [C，U]罪行；犯罪行为
Drug-smuggling is a serious crime.
毒品走私是严重的罪行。
Crime is on the increase in big cities.
在大城市里，犯罪正在逐渐增加。
(2)各种crime：
robbery murder car theft terrorism
抢劫 谋杀 偷车 恐怖主义
drug pushing/dealing
毒品交易
即学即用
语法填空
Generally, a judge listens to the facts of a ________(crime) before he decides how to punish the ________(crime)．
答案：crime; criminal crime“罪行；犯罪行为”；criminal“罪犯”。句意为：一般说来，法官先听取犯罪事实，再决定如何惩治罪犯。
10．command n. & v. 命令；控制；指挥
①You must obey the captain's commands.
你必须服从船长的命令。
②He has 1,200 men under his command.
他掌管着1,200人。链接：具有“建议、命令、坚持、要求”等意义的词，接从句时，要用虚拟语气，其谓语形式为“(should)＋v.”。
熟记下列顺口溜：
一坚持：insist
二命令：order, command
三建议：suggest, propose, advise
四要求：demand, desire, request, require
He commanded that we(should)attack at once.
他命令我们立即发起进攻。知识拓展
at command 掌握；可自由使用
at sb.'s command 听某人支配
by sb.'s command 受某人支配
command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
have a good command of 精通……
in command of “某人统帅……”，主语为人
in the command of “某物在某人的统治之下”，主语一般是物
一言辨异
“Who is in command of the army？”“The army is in the command of general Brown.”
“谁统率陆军？”“陆军由布朗将军统率。”即学即用
用名词command的适当形式完成句子。
(1)Fire________________________(我一下令)．
(2)The army is________________________(由国王直接统率)．
(3)The king________________________(统帅)the army.
(4)He has________________________(精通)German.
(5)Captain Cook commanded that all the goods________into the sea.
答案：(1)when I give the command
(2)in the direct command of the king.
(3)takes command of
(4)a good command of
(5)be thrown11．charge n. 费用；要价；控诉；v. 要价；充电
①The charge for a front-row seat is 3.
前排座位票价每张三美元。
②How much did he charge you for repairing the bicycle?
他修理自行车收了你多少钱？
③He was charged with stealing a car.
他被指控偷了一辆汽车。
④Does your car battery charge easily?
你那辆汽车的蓄电池容易充电吗？
知识拓展
have(the) charge of 负责……；主管……
in charge 主管；负责；掌管
take charge of 负责；看管
under the charge of 在……看管/负责之下
free of charge 免费
in the charge of sb. 由某人负责；由某人照料/管理
in charge of 负全责；照顾；在……掌管之下；由……经管即学即用
语法填空
(1)A lot of products are on sale in that shop. You can buy two and pay for just one—the other is free of ________.
完成句子
(2)我叔叔掌管着这家公司。
My uncle ________ ________ ________ the company.
＝My uncle is ________ ________ ________ the company.
＝The company is ________ ________ ________ ________ my uncle.
(3)一杯咖啡，他们向我要5美元。
They ________ me 5 dollars ________ a cup of coffee.
答案：(1)charge 句意：那家商店的好多东西都在打折。你买两件只需付一件的钱——另一件是免费的。charge“费用，价钱”，free of charge“免费的”；根据句意用charge。
(2)takes charge of; in charge of; in the charge of
(3)charged; for12．attach vt.
(1)安装；贴上；系上
She attached a stamp to the envelope and then mailed it.
她在信封上贴上邮票，然后寄了出去。
(2)附加(署名、文件等)
He attached his signature to the contract.
他在合同书上签了字。
(3)使(组织)属于(附属)……；使(人)属于……
You'll be attached to this department until the end of the years.
你在年底前将暂属于这一部门。
(4)给予(重要性)；认为；归于
It is unwise to attach too much importance to the information.
过于重视那个消息是不明智的。
注意：attach为一词多义动词，为经常考查的对象。其拼写形式要和动词attack“袭击；攻击”和attract“吸引”区别开来。
链接：
be attached to... 附属于……；依恋于……
attach sth. to sth. 将某物系在、缚在或附在另一物上
attach oneself to sb. 和某人一起
attach to sb. 与某人相关联即学即用
语法填空
(1)Parents ________ much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.
完成句子
(2)这家医院附属于附近的那所医学院。
The hospital ________ ________ ________ the medical college nearby. (3)该文件不能附加到你的邮箱中。
The file cannot ________ ________ ________ your mailbox.
(4)你忘了贴上邮票。
You forget to ________ a stamp.
答案：(1)attach 句意：家长很重视教育。他们将会尽最大努力给孩子那份无价之宝。attach much importance to... 认为……很重要；根据句意用attach。
(2)is attached to (3)be attached to (4)attach
13．power n. 体能；智能；能力；势力；v. 使……有力量；供以动力
(1)She claims to have the power to see the future.
她自称能预知未来。
(2)Atomic energy powers the submarine.
原子能供给该潜艇动力。
知识拓展
powerful adj. 强大的
come to/into power(开始)掌权；上台
in power 当权的；在朝的
out of/beyond one's power
不能胜任；力所不及的辨析：power, energy, force与strengthThe powers of the police need to be clearly defined.
必须对警方的权限做出明确的规定。
She is full of energy.
她精力充沛。
The soldiers took the prisoners away by force.
士兵们强行把犯人带走了。
For a small woman she has surprising strength.
她个子虽小，但力大惊人。
即学即用
语法填空
—You are always full of________. Can you tell me the secret?
—Taking plenty of exercise every day.
答案：energy 本题考查名词词义。energy“精力”。be full of energy指“精力旺盛”。 1.be used to do... 被用来做……
辨析：
一言辨异
I used to play football on the playground, but now I am used to reading in the library and the knowledge I get can be used to equip myself.
我过去常常在操场上踢足球，但现在我则习惯在图书馆里看书，以获取知识来武装自己。注意：
(1)用use短语时，一定分清意义：“用作”，“过去常常”还是“习惯于”。
(2)used to do强调与现在的对比，而would只表示过去，无对比关系。
(3)used to do的否定和疑问都有两种形式：即学即用
语法填空
(北京高考改编)________(use) with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
A．Use B．Using
C．Used D．To use
答案：C 本题考查非谓语动词作状语。句意为：小心使用，一桶能持续六周。use与one tin之间构成动宾关系，故用过去分词。
2．be made of/be made from 由……组成
(1)be made of 表示制成品仍然保持原材料的性质
The chair is made of wood.
这把椅子是木头做的。
(2)be made from 表示制成品看不出原材料的性质
Paper is made from wood.
纸是由木头做的。
知识拓展
be made up of 由……组成/构成
be made in 由……制造的(in＋制造的地方)
be made into... 被制成……
be made out of... 由……改制而成
链接：
make up 组成；弥补；补偿；化妆；虚构；草拟；包扎；调停
make up for 补偿；弥补
make up one's mind 下定决心
make for 有助于；走向
make out 看透；分清；弄清
即学即用
语法填空
American Indians________about five percent of the U．S. population.
答案：make up 考查动词短语。句意为：美国印第安人占美国人口的百分之五。make up“形成；构成；编造；化妆；作出补偿”，符合句意。
3．for sure 肯定地
该短语是一非正式用语，在句中一般作状语，相当于certainly, unquestionably, without doubt.知识拓展
be sure of 确信；深信
make sure(of sth./that...) 弄清楚；确保
sure to do sth. 一定；必定；无疑
to be sure (承认事实)确实；诚然
I am sure (口)的确；真的；一定
sure enough 果真；的确；一定；毫无疑问
That's for sure. 那是肯定的。
辨析：be sure of/that与be sure to do
即学即用
You can only be sure of ________ you have at present；you cannot be sure of something ________ you might get in the future.
答案：what；that 句意：你只能确定你目前所拥有的；你不能确定你将来可能得到什么。第一个空所填词引导宾语从句，且在从句中作宾语；第二个空所填词引导定语从句，先行词为something，故答案为what；that。
4．such as “例如；诸如此类的” 后面常接上述人或事物的解释语。
I visited several cities such as New York, Chicago and Boston.
我游览过几个城市，像纽约、芝加哥、波士顿等。
辨析：such as, for example, namely
(1)such as作“例如”解，用来列举事物，对前面提到的名词进行列举说明，放在名词与被列举的事物之间。
He speaks several languages, such as English, French and Japanese.
他会说几种外语，比如英语，法语和日语。
注意：such as不能同and so on连用，不能说such as Jim, Jack and so on。
(2)for example意为“例如；比如”，在句中的位置较灵活，可以放在句首、句中或句尾，可用作独立成分，通常用逗号与所修饰的部分隔开。
What would you do if you met a wild animal—a tiger, for instance？(可用for example)
如果你见到野生动物，比如说——一只老虎，你会怎么办？
(3)namely是副词，意为“即；也就是”，放在被列举的事物前，要把前面的名词所应包含的事物全部列出；namely前需要有逗号，后面可以不用逗号。
He speaks four languages, namely English, French, German and Russia.
他说4种语言即英语、法语、德语和俄语。
注意：namely要求所有项目全部列出，而such as只是作部分列举，所以，上面句中的namely不可换作such as。
即学即用
语法填空
My English teacher's humor was such________make every student burst into laughter.
答案：as to such as接不定式表结果。句意为：我们英语老师的幽默是如此好笑，惹得每个学生都放声大笑起来。5．rely on/upon 依赖；依靠
I think I can come, but don't rely on it.
我想我能来，但还说不定。
You should rely on your own efforts.
你应该靠自己的努力。
Nowadays we rely increasingly on computers for help.
现在我们越来越依赖计算机协助工作。
You can rely on me to help you.
你可以靠我来帮助你。
Don't rely on the bank lending you the money.
不要对银行贷款抱太大希望。
知识拓展
(1)rely on 常见结构：
rely on＋n. /doing sth. 依赖……；对……抱有希望
rely on sb. doing sth. 依靠某人某事
rely on sb. to do sth. 依靠某人做某事
rely on it that... 依赖；依靠
(2)近义词组：depend on/upon 依靠；依赖
We may need more food depending on how many people turn up.
我们可能还需要些食物，不过这要看到场的人数。
You can't depend on your parents to keep giving you money.
你不能靠父母给你钱。
—Can I depend on him?
——我能相信他吗？
—That depends.
——那得视情况而定。即学即用
(1)你放心好了，他会来见你的。
You may ________ ________ ________ ________ he will come to meet you.
(2)我们不得不依靠他来进行这项设计。
We have to ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ the design.
(3)(2014·北京高一检测)—Can you help me with the maths homework, mom?
—You can't always rely ________ others' help for your homework. Do it by yourself this time, dear.
答案：(1)rely on it that (2)rely on him to take
(3)on 句意：——妈妈，你能帮我做一下数学作业吗？——你不能总是指望别人帮你做作业。亲爱的，这一次自己做。rely on依靠，依赖，符合句意。
6．find out找到；发现；查明
①The teacher wanted to find out who had broken the door.
老师想查明是谁弄坏了门。
②Please find out what time the delegation will come.
请查一查代表团什么时候来。辨析
①Please find out when the ship sails for New York.
请查看一下纽约的船什么时候起航。
②After looking for half an hour, we found the lost child.
经过半个小时的寻找，我们发现了走失的小孩。即学即用
完成句子
(1)她在人行道上发现了一张照片。
She ________ a picture lying on the pavement.
(2)你知道飞机几点起飞吗？
Can you ________ what time the plane leaves?
(3)妻子发现她丈夫更喜欢印度。
The wife ________ that her husband liked India better.
(4)我们很快就弄清了真相。
We soon ________ the truth.
(5)当简发现她的秘密的时候，玛丽很生气。
Mary was angry when Jane ________ her secrets.
答案：(1)found (2)find out (3)found out (4)found out (5)found
7.get rid of 摆脱；除去
可用来指摆脱具体的人或物，也可以指抽象的疾病。
He has been ill for more than one year and it seems that he can never get rid of the terrible disease.
他病了一年多了，好像再也好不了了。知识拓展
(1)be rid of sb./sth.(formal) 摆脱
She wanted to be rid of her parents and their authority.
她想摆脱父母及权威的束缚。
(2)rid sb./sth. of sb./sth. 除掉；去除
Further measures will be taken to rid streets of crime.
将采取进一步措施来防止街头犯罪。即学即用
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(1)We must ________ those bad habits if we want to succeed.
完成句子
(2)她的哀愁很难排除。
Her sadness and worry are difficult to ________ ________ ________.
(3)我如何能让自己摆脱恐惧呢？
How can I ________ myself ________ fear?
答案：(1)get rid of 句意：如果我们想成功的话，必须去除那些坏习惯。get rid of去除，符合题意。
(2)get rid of (3)rid; of
8．instead of 代替；顶替
If you cannot go, he'll go instead of you.
如果你不能去，他愿替你去。
辨析：instead与instead of
(1)instead是副词，意思是“代替；顶替”，通常被放在句尾，在句中作状语。
(2)instead of是介词词组，意思除了“代替”外还有“而不是”之意。与一般介词词组不同的是，instead of除了后接名词、代词，也可以接动词的-ing形式、动词不定式、介词短语等。它谈及的前后两个客体在意义结构上是对等的平行关系。
①He gave me some advice instead of some money.
＝He didn't give me any money. He gave me some advice instead.
他没给我钱，而是给了我一些建议。
②I go to school by bike instead of on foot.
＝I don't go to school on foot. Instead I go to school by bike.
我骑自行车而不是步行去上学。
链接：(同)in place of 代替 rather than 而不是 take the place of 替代
注意：in place of后通常只接名词或代词。即学即用
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Last night Mr. Crook didn't come back at the usual time.________， he met some friends and stayed out until midnight.
答案：Instead 考查副词。句意为：昨天晚上克鲁克先生没有像往常一样回家，而是和朋友们在外面一直呆到深夜。instead“却；而是”。
9．carry out实行；进行；执行；完成
We intend to carry out our new policy.
我们打算实行新政策。
注意：carry out短语中out是副词，宾语若是代词，代词放在carry与out中间；宾语若是名词，可放在其后或中间。
知识拓展
carry off 赢得；获得；夺去
carry/bring into effect 使生效；使起作用
carry on with sth./doing sth. 继续下去；坚持下去；从事；经营
carry sb. through 帮某人渡过难关
carry sth. through 成功完成；顺利实现
①She carried off most of the prizes for swimming.
她获得了游泳项目的大多数奖项。
②We must carry on till success although we may meet with a lot of difficulties.
尽管我们会遇到很多困难，但是我们必须坚持下去，直到成功。即学即用
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The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if________(carry out) regularly, can improve our health.
答案：carried out 句意：这项实验表明如果定期进行适量锻炼的话会改善我们的健康状况。此处为if从句的省略形式，完整的句子为：...if they are carried out regularly，...。根据省略原则，把相同的主语和系动词be省去。
10．look out意为“当心；小心”，相当于watch out, take care, be careful. 后接for，可表示“当心什么”，表示警告，尤指有危险。它还可表示“向外看”。
①Look out! There's a car coming!
小心！有车来了！
②Do look out for spelling mistakes in your home work.
一定要当心你作业中的拼写错误。知识拓展
look after 照顾；照料；管理
look round 环顾四周
look for 寻找；希望得到
look forward to 盼望
look into 调查；了解
look down on/upon 俯视；轻视某人
look up to 向上看；尊敬
look on as 把……看作；认为
look through 通过……看；检查
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It is reported that the police will soon look________ the case of the two missing children.
答案：into 考查了动词短语。句意为“据报道警察将会很快调查这两起儿童失踪案件。”look into意为“调查”，符合句意。
11．use up 用完
Don't use up all the soap. Leave me some to wash with.
不要把肥皂用尽，留一些给我。
知识拓展
use up 吃光；耗尽
The soldiers are used up after the long battle.
那些士兵经过漫长的战斗之后，已经筋疲力尽了。 辨析
Our time is running out＝We are running out of time.
我们剩下的时间不多了。
Scientists predict that the world's oil supply will soon give out/run out.
科学家们预测世界石油供应很快就要耗尽了。
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Don't use________ all the resource; leave some to the coming generations.
答案：up 句意：不要把所有的资源用尽，留一些给我们的子孙。use up“用光，用尽”，符合题意。1.Would you like to live in it? 你愿意住在里面吗？
would like 想；愿意
知识拓展
would like＋sth.
would like to do sth. 想做某事
would like sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事
would like to have done sth. 想做某事(但没做成)①I would like a cup of tea.
我想喝杯茶。
②Would you like to stay there long?
你想在那儿久留吗？
③I would like you to come here early tomorrow.
我想让你明天早点来这儿。
④I would like to have attended your birthday party last week, but I was ill.
上周我本想去参加你的生日聚会，可我病了。 提示：
(1)would like也可用should like, would/should love等替换，但would like适用于各种人称，should like多用于第一人称。
(2)would like/love后接不定式时，在简略回答中常用省略形式，只保留不定式符号to，不定式的完成形式保留到to have。
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Who would you like________(do) the job?
答案：to do would like sb. to do sth. 意为“想要某人做某事”。
2．What will the city of the future look like?
未来的城市将会是什么样子呢？
本句话中用了“What will/do/did...＋主语＋look like？”句型结构，表示“主语看起来像什么样”，主要用来询问外在的情况，也可提问主语的性格或特征。
注意：此句中的like是介词，不是动词(喜欢)。
①Hi, Jack, would you please tell me what the new teacher looks like?
嗨，杰克，你能告诉我新来的老师长什么样吗？
②What does that book look like?
那本书看上去如何？辨析：What do/does sb. like与What be sb./sth. like与How do you like sb./sth.
(1)What do/does sb. like?
表示“某人喜欢什么？”
What do you usually like most in your school?
在你的学校，你最喜欢什么？
(2)What be sb./sth. like? 表示“主语像什么样？”可以用来询问外在的情况，也可提问主语的性格或特征。
①Could you tell me what your baby son is like?
你能告诉我你的儿子长什么样吗？
②What is your little brother like?
你的弟弟性格如何？
(3)How do you like sb./sth. 询问“对某人/某事的评价”(like也可换成find)
How do you like the film shown yesterday?
你对昨天放映的那部电影有何评价？
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How do you ________ the film shown yesterday.
答案：like/find 句意：你认为昨天放映的那部电影怎么样？
3．But one thing is certain—they are going to get bigger before they get smaller.
但有一件事是可以肯定的——它们将会先变大，然后再变小。
破折号后面的这一分句中含有由before引导的时间状语从句，首先注意时态呼应。before的基本意义是“在……之前”。其翻译句型主要有下列几种： (1)“在……之前”，这时主句的动作发生在前，其引导的从句动作发生在后。
Before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test.
在驾驶公共汽车前，他们必须通过专门测验。
(2)“……后才……”，此时before从句强调从句动作发生得晚或慢，主句动作往往延续的时间长，表示“过了多久以后才发生某一动作”。
He almost knocked me down before he saw me.
他几乎要把我撞倒时才看见我。 (3)“就；便；快”等，此时主句的谓语动词为否定形式。
It was not long before they rose up and kicked the enemy out of the country.
不久他们就起来反抗并把敌人赶出了他们的国家。
(4)“还没来得及……就……”，此时往往强调从句动作发生之前主句动作已发生。
The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his child.
他还没来得及冲进屋子救出孩子，房顶就倒塌了。
注意：在写作中，我们可以经常使用这个句式，如：before we know/realize it表示“不知不觉中”。
(5)“趁着还没有”。
I must write it down before I forget it.
我必须趁着还没忘记它就把它写下来。
(6)在某些习语中还可译为“先……再……”。
Look before you leap.
三思而后行。
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(1)The girl had hardly rung the bell __________the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.
答案：before 考查连词。had hardly done sth. before/when表示“一……就……”。又如：We had hardly started before/when it began to rain.我们刚出发，就开始下雨。
(2)John thinks it won't be long________he is ready for his new job.
答案：before 句意：John认为用不了多久他就会为自己的新工作做好准备。It won't be long before... 是个固定句型，意为“用不了多久就……”。
4．To find out what young people think about the future of urban life, a teacher at a university in Texas in the United States asked his students to think how they would run a city of 50 000 people in the year 2050.
为了解年轻人的对未来城市生活的观点，美国得克萨斯州一所大学的一位老师让他的学生们考虑他们将如何管理2025年一个拥有5万人口的城市。to find out what young people think about the future of urban life是动词不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。当作目的状语的不定式短语放于句首时，常用逗号与句子隔开；放于句中则不用逗号。为了使目的更加清楚或表示强调意义时，还可以用in order to或so as to，但要注意so as to不能用于句首。
①He came to Australia to study kangaroos.
他去澳洲是为了研究袋鼠。
②I've written it down in order(so as) not to forget.
我把它记下来，主要是防止忘了。
③He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.
他大声叫喊并挥着手以便能被注意到。即学即用
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(1)With Father's Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ________(buy) presents for my dad.
答案：to buy 句意：父亲节即将到来之际，我从银行取了一些钱给父亲买礼物。不定式短语在句中作状语，表目的。
(2)All of them try to use the power of the workstation________(present) information in a more effective way.
答案：to present 此处考查不定式作目的状语。
(3)(北京高考改编)Birds' singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ________(stay) away.
答案：to stay 本题考查非谓语动词。 句意：鸟的叫声有时是为了让别的鸟别过来的警告。由句意可知，用不定式表目的。5．To get rid of garbage problems, the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towards the sun, preventing landfill and environmental problems.
为了摆脱垃圾问题的困扰，城市将会用巨型宇宙飞船装载废弃材料，朝太阳发射，以防止垃圾填埋和环境问题的发生。
(1)to get rid of garbage problems是动词不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。preventing landfill and environmental problems是现在分词短语作状语，表示结果。
The storm left, having caused a lot of damage to this area.
暴风雨过去了，对这个地区造成了巨大的破坏。注意：
①分词作结果状语，通常表示一个自然形成的结果，是前面所述动作的直接结果。
A number of new machines were installed in the factory, thus resulting in an increase in production.
这家工厂安装了许多新机器，因而产量增加了。
②不定式作结果状语，经常表示继谓语动作发生后才出现了的一个相反或出乎意料的结果，常表示“没想到……”；“结果却……”；“未料……”等意思。其前常加些如just，only等词修饰，以示强调。
I arrived at the station in a hurry, only to find the train had left.
我匆忙地赶到火车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了。
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(1)The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu，______(enable)the students to return to their classrooms.
答案：enabling 句意：这个退休的老人把他大部分的积蓄都捐给了玉树地震中的受灾学校，使学生们能够重返课堂。本题考查非谓语动词的用法。the man与enable之间是主动关系，故应用其v-ing形式来作结果状语。 (2)It rained heavily in the south，________(cause) serious flooding in several provinces.
答案：causing 句意：南方下雨很大，结果造成了几个省严重被淹。本题考查动词的现在分词在句中作结果状语，强调主句动作发生后导致的结果，表示自然而然的结果。
(3)The news shocked the public，________(lead) to great concern about students' safety at school.
答案：leading 句意：这条消息令社会震惊，引起了人们对在校学生安全的极大关注。本题考查非谓语动词。根据本句的结构来看，引起的关注正是这条消息令公众震惊的同时所引起的结果，即结果状语，现在分词可作结果状语，符合题意。6．Police will arrest criminals by firing nets instead of guns.
警察逮捕罪犯时，将会向罪犯射出网状物而不是子弹。
(1)在本句中，by意为“依靠；借助于”，后常接表示方式、手段的词。“by＋动词的-ing形式”表示“通过……的方式”。
①He made a living by teaching.
他通过教书谋生。
②What do you mean by saying that?
你那么说什么意思？注意：by表示方式时，也可以接名词作宾语。
with表方式，后接具体工具。
①The house is heated by gas.
这房子是煤气供暖的。
②May I pay by cheque?
我能用支票付款吗？
③It's not fair to judge people by their appearance.
以貌取人是不公平的。
(2)fire在此为动词，意为“射击”，此外还有其他含义，如“开除；解除；激起(热情等)”。
①She got fired from her first job.
她第一次工作就被解雇。
②Your speech fired the children's admiration.
你的演讲激起了孩子们的羡慕之情。即学即用
语法填空
(1)If you really have to leave during the meeting, you'd better leave________the back door.
答案：by 本题考查了介词的用法。by表示“经过；沿；经由”。句意为“如果会议期间你必须得离开，你最好从后门走”。
(2)Try on this red skirt; you will look great________it.
答案：in 考查介词。此处(be)in＋sth.表示“穿着”或“戴着”之意。
7．Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no matter where they live.
每个人一生出就会得到一个电话号码，将来无论他们生活在哪儿，这个号码都不会改变。
本句使用了一个由that引导的定语从句，关系代词作主语，从句修饰先行词a telephone number，而从句中又含有一个由no matter where引导的让步状语从句。
no matter引导让步状语从句，常与what, who, when, where, which, how等连用，置于主句之前或之后，意为“无论/不管……”，从句用陈述语序。
no matter what/who/where/how＝whatever/whoever/wherever /however
No matter who knocks, don't open the door.(＝Whoever knocks...)不论谁敲门，你都不要开。
提示：whatever, whichever, whoever还可以引导名词性从句，此时不能转化为引导让步状语从句的no matter what(which, who, whom)。
It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he wants.
人们普遍认为，孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。(句中的whatever引导宾语从句，不能用no matter what替换。)
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(1)—How about camping this weekend, just for a change?
—OK，________you want.
答案：whatever 句意：“这个周末改变一下出去野营如何？”“行，你喜欢干什么都行”。whatever“无论……事物；任何……的事物”，符合题意。
(2)To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions________had used the products.
答案：whoever 句意：为了提高我们的产品的质量，我们向任何用过我们产品的人征求了建议。本题考查名词性从句的引导词。从本句的语境来看，引导词需要做动词asked的宾语，还要做从句中had used动词的主语，且表示具体的人，故用whoever，同：anyone who。
(3)(辽宁高考改编)The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for ________ he could find about Mark Twain.
答案：whatever 本题考查名词性从句。句意：这个新来的人前几天到图书馆去寻找他能找到的关于马克吐温的东西。空格处需引导宾语从句作介词for的宾语，同时要作find的宾语；然后根据句意表示“无论什么东西”，故用whatever。8．Distance surgery will become common as doctors carry out operations from thousands of miles away, with each city having its own telesurgery outpatient clinic.
随着每一个城市都有了自己的远程诊所，医生能从数千里以外为病人动手术的远程治疗会非常普及。
with each city having its own telesurgery outpatient clinic是with复合结构。
with复合结构通常是“with＋名词/代词＋形容词/副词/名词/分词/不定式/介词短语”，常用来作状语，表示条件、原因、方式、时间、伴随情况等。I went out with the window open.(with＋名词＋形容词)我外出时没关窗户。
She sleeps with the light on.(with＋名词＋副词)
她开着灯睡觉。
With something important to talk about with you, you must stay here.(with＋代词＋不定式)由于有很重要的事情和你商量，你必须留下。
The man entered the room, with a book in his hand.
(with＋名词＋介词短语)这个男人手里拿着本书进了房间。
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①The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already________(lay) for a meal to be cooked.
答案：laid 考查with的复合结构。table与lay之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，即lay the table“摆放桌子”；因此用laid作宾补。
②Now that we've discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions________(take)?
答案：taken 句意为“现在，我们已经讨论了问题， 人们满意要采取的决定吗？”take 与the decisions之间存在的关系是动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。
9．...medical treatment in which the doctor cuts open your body 医生把你的身体剖开的医疗治疗
该结构中，关系代词which引导的定语从句用来代替medical treatment，并且将介词in提前，可以改为medical treatment which the doctor cuts open your body in，这时关系代词也可以使用that。
即学即用
语法填空
The newly-built cafe，the walls of________are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.
答案：which 句意：新建的咖啡馆的墙壁被刷成了淡绿色，对我们来说真是个安静的好地方，尤其是辛劳的工作之后。本题考查定语从句。the＋名词＋of＋关系代词引导定语从句。Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We use high-quality raw m________ for our goods.
2．This great p________ is coming true.
3．Sport and r________ have always been part of university life.
4．The c________ went unpunished in Carnival in Venice.
5．The police a________ the man who had stolen a car.
6．The admission c________ for the concert is $150.
7．They are building a ________(诊所) near here.
8．Blindness is a very serious ________(残疾)．
9．We must ________(限制) our expenditure.
10．This plan sounds good. But it's very hard to________ out(实施) in practice.
答案：1.materials 2.prediction 3.recreation 4.crimes 5.arrested 6.charge 7.clinic 8.disability 9.limit 10．carryⅡ.完成句子
1．他肯定在一小时之内到达这儿。
He'll be here ________ ________ within an hour.
2．我试了各种药来摆脱这次感冒。
I have tried all sorts of medicine __________ __________ __________ __________ this cold.
3．不能指望她讲事实。
She can't ________ ________ ________ to tell the truth.4．把最近的照片贴在申请表上。
Please ________ a recent photo ________ the application form.
5．未来的城市会是什么样子呢？
________ will the city of the future ________ ________？
6．他冒着生命危险救了我的性命。
He saved my life ________ ________ ________ ________ losing his own.
7．他父亲命令他在家学习。
His father commanded that he __________ __________ __________ to study.
8．他没有熄灯就睡着了。
He fell asleep ________ ________ ________ ________.
9．这儿谁负责？
Who ________ ________ ________ here?
答案：1.for sure 2.to get rid of 3.be relied on 4.attach; to 5.What; look like 6.at the risk of 7.stay at home 8.with the lamp on 9.is in chargeⅢ.语法填空
1．—Do you have an ________ way to solve this problem?
—No, this is the only way, I think.
答案：alternative 句意：——你有解决这个问题的其他方法吗？——没有，我想这是唯一的方法。alternative“供选择的”，符合句意。
2．If you don't know the answer ________sure, think about it again before you put up your hand.
答案：for 句意：如果你不确定答案，在你举手之前再考虑一下。for sure＝for certain“确定地”，一般用来修饰动词。3．I've used________ all the water. We have to find some more.
答案：up 句意：我已用光了所有的水，我们不得不再找一些。use up＝(run out of)，主语是人，符合要求。
4．Bob ________(arrest) by four policemen the moment he stepped down from the plane—he was a criminal for selling drugs from one country to another.
答案：was arrested 句意：鲍勃刚下飞机就被四个警察逮捕——他是一名国际贩毒罪犯。arrest“逮捕”，由题意可知用被动语态。5．It's________ that things will change sooner or later.
答案：certain 句意：事情肯定早晚会变的。be certain“确定”，it作形式主语。
6．Don't waste your time ________(repair) you old car.
答案：repairing 句意：不要浪费时间修你的旧车。此题考查句型waste time doing“浪费时间做某事”。
7．He charged me two dollars ________(give) me the help.
答案：for giving 句意：他帮助了我，收费两美元。考查charge sb.for doing sth.“因为……收费”。8．He gave a command that each of them ________(come) at seven o'clock.
答案：come 句意：他命令他们每个人都7点到达。command后跟从句用虚拟语气，即should＋动词原形，should可省略。
9．Try to limit your speech ________ ten minutes.
答案：to 句意：试着把你的演讲限制在10分钟之内。考查limit“限制”用法，limit常常和介词to连用，表示“限制到……(范围之内)”。
10．Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back ________ a big tree.
答案：against 句意：累了，吉姆背倚着树，很快就睡着了。against“倚着，靠着”；below“在……下方”；beside“在……旁边”；in“在……里面或(时间)……之后”。Module 1 第二课时
Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．By the middle of this century, more people __________________(live) in the city than in the country.
2．Ten years from now, people ____________________ (wear) smart clothes.
3．Humans ____________________(live) on another planet five billion years from now.
4．I __________________(take) a test this time next week.
5．They ____________________(have) a meeting at nine tomorrow morning.
6．I hope he ________________(find)a good job one day.
7．That bus ____________________(leave) in 10 minutes.
8．I think the kids __________________(do) their homework when we get home.
答案：1.will be living 2.will be wearing 3.will be living 4.will be taking 5.will be having 6.will find 7.is leaving 8．will be doing
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．下午五点至六点之间不要给我打电话，那时我们在吃饭。
Don't phone me between 5：00 pm and 6：00 pm. We ________ ________ ________ dinner then.
2．克雷格教授明晚将要做关于伊特洛里亚陶器的演讲。
Professor Craig ________ ________ ________ a lecture on Etruscan pottery tomorrow evening.
3．我今晚将在办公室里待到比较晚。
I ________ ________ ________ late in the office this evening.
4．你如果不这样做就会面临很大的困难。
If you don't do so, you ________ ________ ________ great difficulties.
5．今晚我不能参加聚会了。我要给一位朋友送行。
I can't go to the party tonight. I ________ ________ ________ off a friend.
答案：1.will be having 2.will be giving 3.will be staying 4.will be facing 5.will be seeing
Ⅲ.语法填空
1．(2014·合肥高一检测改编)—I will come to attend your lecture at 11 tomorrow morning.
—I'm sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and I ________(meet) my guests in my office.
答案：will be meeting 句意：——明天上午11点我去参加你的报告会。——非常抱歉，到那时我的报告已经结束了，我正在办公室里会客。将来某个时刻正在做某事，用将来进行时。
2．This time next week I'll be on vacation. Probably I ________(lie) on a beautiful beach then.
答案：will be lying 句意：下周的这个时候我将在度假，那时我可能躺在美丽的沙滩上。因此，用将来进行时表示，即will be lying。
3．(2014·深圳高一检测改编)—Have you gone to see the doctor?
—No, but I________.
答案：am going to 句意：——你去看医生了吗？——没有，但是我打算去。根据句意可知表示计划好要做某事，用be going to do sth。
4．I hear Jane will go to England for her holiday. Do you know when she ________(leave)?
答案：is leaving 句意：我听说简要去英国度假。你知道她什么时候走吗？根据前面一句的时态为将来时可知她要去度假是将来的事情，所以动身出发也是将来的，故用现在进行时表将来，表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。
5．—Will father go to the concert with us tomorrow morning?
—No. He ________ (have) a meeting.
答案：will be having 句意：——明天早上父亲将与我们一起去听音乐会吗？——不。父亲明天早晨那个时间正在开会。此题考查将来进行时的用法。
6．—Are you still busy?
—Yes, I ________(just finish) my work, and it won't take long.
答案：am just finishing 句意：——你还在忙吗？——是的，我快要完成工作了，时间不会太长了。finish是瞬间动词，用进行时表将来。
7．Mr. Smith will not be able to attend the meeting tonight because he ________(teach) a class then.
答案：will be teaching 句意：史密斯先生今晚将不能参加会议，因为他那时将正在授课。根据句意应用将来进行时态表示将来某时刻正在进行的动作。
8．At this time tomorrow morning we________(discuss) the problem.
答案：will be discussing 句意：明天的这个时候，我们将正在讨论这个问题。根据题干中的tomorrow可以判定是将来时，再根据at this time可以判定是进行时，故该句时态是将来进行时。表示的是“具体某个时刻将正在进行某动作”。
9．(2014·宁波高一检测改编)—I'd like to call you at 10 o'clock next Friday morning if it is convenient.
—I'm afraid I________(attend) an important exam.
答案：will be attending 句意：——如果方便的话，下周五上午10点给你打电话。——恐怕那时我正在参加一次重要的考试。根据句意那时正在做某事，故用将来进行时。
10．—She has been ill for a week.
—I ________(stay) with her at noon tomorrow.
答案：shall be staying 句意：——她已经病了一个星期了。——明天中午我将会去陪着她。根据时间状语为“at noon tomorrow”表示明天中午正在进行动作。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
Life will probably be very different in 2050. First of all, it seems that TV channels will have disappeared by 2050. Instead, people will choose a programme from a “menu” and a computer will send the programme directly to the television. Today, we can use the World Wide Web to read newspaper stories and see pictures on a computer thousands of kilometers away. By 2050, music, films, programmes, newspapers and books will come to us in this way.
In many places, agriculture is developing quickly and people are growing fruit and vegetables for export. This uses a lot of water. Therefore, there could be serious shortages. Some scientists predict that water could be the cause of war if we don't act now.
In future, cars will run on new, clean fuels and they will go very fast. Cars will have computers to control the speed of them and there won't be any accidents. Today, many cars have computers that tell drivers exactly where they are. By 2050, the computer will control the car and drive it to your destination. Also, by 2050, space planes will fly people from Los Angeles to Tokyo in just two hours.
Some big companies now prefer to use robots that do not ask for pay rises or go on strike, and work 24 hours a day. By 2050, we will see robots everywhere—in factories, schools, offices, hospitals, shops and homes.
By 2050, we will be able to help blind and deaf people see again and hear again. Nowadays, scientists have discovered how to control genes and have already produced clones of animals. By 2050, scientists will be able to produce clones of people and decide how they look, how they behave and how much intelligence they have. Scientists will be able to do these things, but should they?
语篇解读：本文主要讲到2050年，高科技在信息来源、农业、汽车、太空飞机、机器人及克隆方面带给人们的影响。
1．By 2050, people will get information mainly by ________.
A．watching TV B．reading newspapers
C．listening to the radio D．turning to a website
答案：D 细节理解题。根据第一段末句“By 2050, music, films, programmes, newspapers and books will come to us in this way.”可知到了2050年，人们了解信息的方式将会主要依靠于网络。
2．From the second paragraph, we learn that________.
A．the need for water in the future will increase a lot
B．future wars will lead to an increasing need for water
C．there can be no agriculture without enough water
D．the population will decrease for lack of water
答案：A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In many places, agriculture is developing quickly and people are growing fruit and vegetables for export. This uses a lot of water.”可知农业发展迅速，因而会增加用水量，所以答案为A。
3．Which of the following is NOT a reality at the present time?
A．Scientists have found out how to control genes.
B．Cars have computers which tell drivers their positions.
C．People can learn about what has happened anywhere on the Internet.
D．Robots have completely replaced humans in some factories.
答案：D 推理判断题。根据第四段的“Some big companies now prefer to use robots that do not ask for pay rises or go on strike, and work 24 hours a day.”可知虽然有些大公司喜欢使用机器人代替人工作，但并不意味着完全代替人力。而文中说大规模广泛使用机器人要到2050年，故D项不现实。
4．What will play the biggest part in the quality of future life?
A．Medicine. B．Technology.
C．Education. D．Agriculture.
答案：B 推理判断题。根据第一、三、四、五段中提到的网络、车速的提高、未来的太空飞机、机器人以及克隆，可以判断人们生活质量的提高都是因为科技的发展。
B
What will people die of 100 years from now? If you think that is a simple question, you have not been paying attention to the revolution that is taking place in bio-technology (生物技术). With the help of new medicine, the human body will last a very long time. Death will come mainly from accidents, murder and war. Today's leading killers, such as heart diseases, cancer, and aging itself, will become distant memory.
In discussion of technological changes, the Internet gets most of the attention these days. But the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times. How long can humans live? Human brains were known to decide the final death. Cells(细胞) are the basic units of all living things，and until recently, scientists were sure that the life of cells could not go much beyond 120 years because the basic materials of cells, such as those of brain cells，would not last forever. But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine. Sometime between 2050 and 2100，medicine will have advanced to the point at which every 10 years or so, people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs(器官). The medicine，made up of the basic building materials of life, will build new brain cells, heart cells，and so on—in much the same way our bodies make new skin cells to take the place of old ones.
It is exciting to imagine that the advance in technology may be changing the most basic conditional human existence, but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.
5．According to the passage, human death is now mainly caused by ________.
A．diseases and aging B．accidents and war
C．accidents and aging D．heart diseases and war
答案：A 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句，可知答案。
6．In the author's opinion, today's most important advance in technology lies in ________.
A．medicine B．the Internet
C．brain cells D．human organs
答案：A 细节理解题。由第二段第二句But the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times. 可知。
7．Humans may live longer in the future because ________.
A．heart diseases will be far away from us
B．human brains can decide the final death
C．the basic materials of cells will last forever
D．human organs can be repaired by new medicine
答案：D 主旨大意题。文章第二段讲述的就是未来人长寿的原因，即用药物来修复、更新人体器官。
8．We can learn from the passage that ________.
A．human life will not last more than 120 years in the future
B．humans have to take medicine to build new skin cells now
C．much needs to be done before humans can have a longer life
D．we have already solved the technical problems in building new cells
答案：C 推理判断题。由文章最后一段可推理出，这项技术要实现还有很长的路要走。
Ⅴ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
It is really hot in summer in the city where I'm studying, and hard to find a cool place to prepare for final exams.
But I find that the__1__(share) toilet in my dorm is pretty cool. It's quite clean as__2__.I don't even need to dress up to go there. I just read my book sitting in the cool room__3__my underwear without any disturbance. This is amazing.
I love this place a lot, not just because it's cool and clean, __4__because I can read aloud to practice my__5__(pronounce). There, my voice sounds really__6__(wonder) because there's a slight echo to it.
Once I__7__(surprise) by the cry of one of my classmates who I scared when he saw me there. He said unbelievingly, “You're studying in a toilet, wearing your underwear? ”“Yes, that's right，” I replied. “I think that it's the best place__8__I can find.” We both laughed.
Life is full of joy that's just waiting to be discovered. Even__9__we meet with hardships sometimes, we can always find a new way to overcome__10__. We can always discover something we've never found before, and learn how to cherish something we've never cherished.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．shared 考查非谓语动词。过去分词做定语，修饰toilet。
2．well 考查固定词组。as well是“也”的意思。
3．in 考查介词。in在此表示“穿、戴”之意。
4．but 考查固定搭配。not just... but(also)是“不仅……而且”之意。
5．pronunciation 考查词性转化。my后面应接名词。
6．wonderful 考查词性转化。sound为系动词，后面接形容词做表语。
7．was surprised 考查动词时态和语态。I与surprise是被动关系，再根据前面once可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。
8．that 考查定语从句。先行词被形容词最高级修饰，故关系代词用that。
9．though/if 考查连词。even though/if意为“即使”，引导让步状语从句。
10．them 考查代词。此处them指代hardships。
【辽宁卷题型】
A：Professor Hopkins. May I have__1__word with you?
B：Sure, Meg. What's up?
A：I got a C for my__2__. I am __3__(wonder)what I have done wrong. You know I have put a lot of time and energy to the report.
B：Well, Meg. I understand you have made much effort on the report. Maybe that's why you are two days__4__to hand in the report. The due day is September 3rd.
A：Yes, Professor. I am sorry about that.
B：And this report is about the success of the Starbucks Coffee. In your report, you have mentioned the company's management, selections of stores and service. But I am __5__(surprise)that you didn't mention anything about its__6__. It's a coffee shop, Meg. Isn't the taste of its coffee the most important thing to its success?
A：Yeah, I guess I have made a mistake by leaving it__7__.
B：And figures are important too. You also need__8__(add)an actual figure such as the monthly sales.
A：You are quite right professor.
B：And why not do more research, look for some figures and write the report again.
A：Are you giving me__9__chance, professor?
B：__10__like I am.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．a have a word with sb.“与某人谈谈”。
2．report 由后文可知是report。
3．wondering 此处是进行时态。
4．late 报告晚交了两天。
5．surprised 修饰人用surprised。
6．coffee 对于咖啡，你是只字未提。
7．out leave out“遗漏”。
8．to add 前面落下了，所以应该添加。
9．another “再给我一次机会”。another“再一，又一”。
10．Seems It seems like I am的省略。
课件68张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 · 必修4 Life in the FutureModule 11.1.1 集合的概念第二课时 Grammar1.1.1 集合的概念Module 1观察思考并完成下列句子，体会句中时态的用法。
①明天这个时间，我会正躺在沙滩上。
By this time tomorrow, I ___________ on the beach.
②汤姆明天将在机场为他的朋友送行。
Tom ____________ his friend off at the airport tomorrow.
③你会长时间待在这儿吗？
_____you _________ here long?
④如果我们继续这样努力工作的话，我们会创造奇迹的。
If we keep working hard like this, we ______________a miracle.will be lyingwill be seeingWillbe stayingwill be making1.form v．形成；建立；构成
①These pieces of bamboo or wood were tied together to form a book.
这些竹片或木片捆在一起就成了一本书。
②He has formed the habit of taking notes in class.
他养成了上课记笔记的习惯。
③This verb has two past forms.
这个动词有两种过去式形式。
知识拓展
form an idea 形成一种观点
form a good habit 养成好习惯
take the form of 采取……的形式
in the form of 以……的形式
be in form 状况良好
be out of form 状况不佳
即学即用
语法填空
You'd sound a lot more polite if you make a request______the form of a question.
答案：in 本题考查介词。in the form of“以……的形式”。
2．definitely adv.
(1)明确地；确切地
He speaks very definitely, and I hope he acts definitely too.
他说话很明确，我希望他行动也很明确。
(2)无疑地
That answer is definitely true.
答案无疑是真的。
(3)(回答问题)是的；确实如此
—“Is he coming？”
—“他来不来？”
—“Definitely！”
—“一定来！”
知识拓展
(1)Definitely not!
(回答问题)当然不！
(2)definition n. 确定；界定；限定
definite v. 下定义adj. 明确的；界限清楚的
即学即用
语法填空
—Do you think Mary will attend the meeting this afternoon?
—Definitely ________. She is in another city.
答案：not 根据答语中“She is in another city.”可知答案为not。
3．celebrate v. 庆祝
Do you celebrate Christmas Day in your country?
你们国家的人过圣诞节吗？
知识拓展
celebration n．[C]庆祝；庆祝会
hold a celebration 举行庆祝会
in celebration of(＝for the celebration of)为庆祝……
We hold a party in celebration of his birthday.
为庆祝他的生日我们举行了一个晚会。
辨析：celebrate, congratulate
(1)celebrate表达“庆祝；祝贺”之意，限于某事，如节日、胜利、结婚纪念、生日等，是指以仪式、典礼等活动庆祝令人快乐的事或日子。
(2)congratulate指对人进行祝贺，如果表达“就某事祝贺”，应用介词on。
一言辨异
Li Ming held a party to celebrate his admission to Tsinghua University, and his friends congratulated him on it.
李明开了个聚会庆祝被清华大学录取了，他的朋友们都祝贺他。
即学即用
语法填空
Most of the Chinese people________the Spring Festival.
答案：celebrate/observe 由句意可知celebrate与observe表庆祝都符合句意。refer to
(1)提到；谈到
We agree never to refer to the matter again.
我们同意再也不提那件事情了。
(2)查阅
Complete the exercise without referring to the dictionary.
不查词典完成该项作业。
(3)指的是
Who does the pronoun in the third sentence refer to?
第三个句子中的代词指的是谁？
(4)把……称作
The speaker referred to him as an up-and-coming politician.
演讲者称他为有希望的政治家。
知识拓展
refer...to... 把……提交给(以求获得帮助)
reference n. 涉及；提及；参考
in/with reference to＝in connection with＝with regard to 关于
have reference to 和……有关系
without reference to 与……无关；不管
make reference to 说到；读到；参照；参考
辨析：refer to, consult, look up
refer to与consult后直接接书籍，词典等名词，而look up后查所查阅的“词”作宾语。如look up a word in the dictionary。 即学即用
语法填空
(1)I didn't know the word. I had to________(refer) a dictionary.
答案：refer to refer to后接要查阅的工具书。
(2)(江西高考改编)You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future ________(refer)．
答案：reference 考查名词。句意：你最好记下饭馆电话号码以便以后查询。reference查询，符合句意。 1.The future continuous describes a situation which will be in progress at a given moment in the future.
将来进行时描述了一种情况，这种情况在将来某个给定的时间里正在进行。
其中要注意“which will be in progress at a given moment in the future”作situation的定语从句，引导词采用which，因为先行词situation在从句中作主语。即学即用
语法填空
As a child, Jack studied in a village school, ________is named after his grandfather.
答案：which 句意：当杰克还是个孩子的时候，在一家乡村学校学习，该校以杰克祖父的名字命名。分析句子结构可知，该句为含有非限制性定语从句的主从复合句，从句缺少主语，且先行词为village school，故用which。
2．I'm too busy enjoying my life now to worry about the future!
我现在如此的忙着享受生活以至于不去担心将来！
too...to... 如此……以至于不……
He is too old to lift the heavy box.
他老的举不起那个沉重的箱子。
知识拓展
(1)在英语中，“too＋adj./adv.＋to do sth.”结构表示否定意义，意为“太……而不能……”。
①You are too young to understand such things.
你太年轻，不懂得这些事情。
②The problem is too difficult for me to work out.
这道题太难，我做不出。 (2)某些形容词与“too...to...”连用表示肯定意义，在本结构中，too相当于very或very much。这些形容词主要是表示心情的词，如ready, glad, pleased, surprised, delighted, happy, easy, eager, thankful, anxious, willing等，也有描述性的形容词，如good, kind, true等。
①She was too surprised to see how angry Mary was.
当她看到玛丽那么生气时，她非常吃惊。
②They seemed to be too nervous and were too anxious to leave.
他们看来太过分紧张不安，并且过分急于离开。
(3)凡在too前加上only, but, all, simply或just时，“too...to...”结构表示肯定意义，此时，too带有赞赏的感彩。
①They are all too satisfied to take the opinions of others.
他们都乐意接受别人的意见。
②She will be only too pleased to help you.
她极高兴帮助你。
(4)“too...to...”结构和never, not连用时，表示肯定意义，意为“非常”“不会不”。
①She is too careful not to have noticed it.
她那么细心，不会不注意到这一点的。
②It is never too late to learn.
(谚语)活到老，学到老。
即学即用
(1)It's high time you had your hair cut; it's getting______too long.
答案：much 本题题意：你该理发了。你的头发太长了。much too用作副词， 在句中只作状语，在句中修饰形容词或副词。例如：These shoes are much too small for me. 我穿这双鞋太小。
(2)(北京高考改编)Do you think this shirt is too tight ________ the shoulders?
答案：across across“穿过，横穿”。across表示的动作是在某一物体的表面进行的，题中是衬衫的肩膀处太紧，shoulder应是在一个范围内，故用across。题干的意思是：“你觉得这件衬衫的肩膀处太紧吗？”3．I'd like to have family but I want to have an interesting job as well.
我非常乐意能有个家，但我还想有份有趣的工作。
as well(＝too)
She is learning French and English as well.
她在学法语，也在学英语。
Air is necessary for people；it is necessary for plants as well.
对人来讲，空气是必不可少的，对植物来说也一样。
He failed in the exam. As well, he lost the chance of promotion. Both made him feel disappointed.
他考试没及格，也失去了提升的机会。这两件事使他很沮丧。知识拓展
as well as 既……又……；不但……而且……
She was clever as well as beautiful.
她既美丽又聪明。
He sings as well as plays the piano.
他不但会弹钢琴，还会唱歌。
He as well as his parents is going to America.
不仅是他父母，他也要去美国。
The students as well as the teacher are going to see the film.
老师和同学们都要去看电影。
注意：as well as连接两个主语时，谓语动词的人称和数应与前一个主语保持一致。辨析：as well, also与tooHe needs to improve his listening ability as well.
他还需要提高他的听力。
She also won a gold medal in the 2008 Olympic Games.
她在2008年奥运会上也赢得了一枚金牌。
Mary's parents have been to Shanghai；Mary has been there, too.
玛丽的父母去过上海，她也去过那儿。
I support a large family, too.
我也有一大家子人要养活。
即学即用
(1)—Since you can't find a better way out for the time being, why not follow his advice?
—Oh, I might________.
答案：as well 考查固定搭配。might as well的意思是“还是……的好；最好；不妨”。答语的意思是“我不妨听听他的建议”。
(2)(陕西高考改编)The basketball coach, as well as his team, ________ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
答案：was 本题考查主谓一致。句意：由于杰出的表现，在比赛之后不久篮球教练和他的队员接受了采访。由as well as ，along with，together with等短语连接两个主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。故此处用单数谓语动词。根据情景判断，此处表示过去的事情，用一般过去时。图解语法助记表解语法助记
表一：将来进行时表二：一般将来时与将来进行时的区别表三：现在进行时表示将来与将来进行时的区别即学即用
语法填空
(1)—Guess what, we've got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer.
—How nice! You __________(experience)a different culture then.
答案：will be experiencing 考查时态。句中的then指的是上文提到的“今年夏天到英国去参观期间”，语境表明是在将来，将来进行时表示将来某段时间内一直发生的动作或将来某个点时间正在发生的动作，符合语境。 (2)Daniel's family________(enjoy) their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.
答案：will be enjoying 考查时态的用法。由句末的时间状语this time next week可知在将来的某个时间正在进行的动作，故用将来进行时。
(3)—Have you got any job offers?
—No. I________(wait)．
答案：am waiting 考查时态。由所设场景“你找到工作了吧？”“没有”可知，“我正在等消息”。故用现在进行时，表示目前正在从事的事情。 (4)—What's that noise?
—Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine______(test)．
答案：is being tested 考查时态。现在进行时表示正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
(5)—I'm sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.
—I think so. He________(prepare) for it for months.
答案：has been preparing 考查时态。现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某时开始一直到现在而且还持续下去。因此用现在完成进行时。
(6)(辽宁高考改编)I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I ________ (fly) to Shanghai.
答案：will be flying 本题考查动词的时态。句意为：我太兴奋了！明天早上这个时候我就将飞往上海了。题干中的at this time tomorrow morning给出了时态的提示，要用将来进行时。 (7)(陕西高考改编)—Can I call you back at two o'clock this afternoon?
—I'm sorry, but by then I ________(fly) to Beijing. How about five?
答案：will be flying 本题考查动词时态。句意：——今天下午两点钟我给你打回去行吗？——对不起，那时，我将正飞往北京。五点钟怎么样？根据时间状语by then可知，此处用将来时态，且表示下午两点钟时正在进行的动作，故用将来进行时态。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The experts are ________(乐观的) about our chances of success.
2．All the students that work hard can ________(无疑地) pass the exam.
3．After some argument, Ruth was ________(最终) won over to our side.
4．Of the five hundred householders surveyed, 40% had ________(洗碟机)．
5．A surgeon is a doctor who does ________(外科手术)．
答案：1.optimistic 2.definitely 3.eventually
4．dishwashers 5.surgeryⅡ.单句改错
1．George, as well as his brother, have gone abroad.
2．You need to go shopping and I need to go shopping as well as.
3．He doesn't want any coffee, and I don't want any, too.
4．He should never have been picked for the team; to a start, he has not had enough experience.
5．They said the letters written on paper were on the way off.
答案：1.have→has 2.去掉第二个as 3.too→either 4.to→for 5.off→out
Ⅲ.语法填空
1．This time tomorrow you ________(sit) there doing some more exercises.
答案：will be sitting 句意：明天这个时候你将坐在那儿做更多的练习。this time tomorrow是具体的表示将来的时间状语。
2．—Guess what, we've got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer.
—How nice! You ________(experience) a different culture then.
答案：will be experiencing 句意：——猜我有什么？我得到了今年夏天我们去英国的短期旅游签证。——太好了！到时候你们将体验一种不同的文化了。故应用将来进行时。3．At this time tomorrow we ________(fly) over the Atlantic.
答案：will be flying 句意：明天的这个时候我们将飞越大西洋。句中时间状语at this time tomorrow说的是明天这个时候我们将正在做的事，所以用将来进行时表示将来正在进行的动作。
4．Though iPhone 6 is such a hit product, I won't buy one unless its after service gets________(improve)．
答案：improved 考查语态。句意：虽然iPhone 6是很流行的产品，但是如果它的售后服务不提高，我不会买的。5．Look at the heavy rain. It ________flood.
答案：is going to be going to表示根据一定的迹象判断会发生什么事情。根据Look at the heavy rain可知此处是根据大雨这一迹象判断要发洪水。
6．—Don't forget to turn to me if you have any trouble.
—I________.
答案：I won't 祈使句的肯定回答是I will, 否定回答是I won't。7．—The plane ________(take off) at 5?10.
—Oh, my god. It ________(take off) in a minute.
答案：takes off; is taking off 考查时态。第一个空中的take off指按时刻表的安排发生的动作，应用一般现在时。第二个空中的take off指马上就发生，故用进行时表将来。
8．The students________(plan) to meet at 8 o'clock, but Robert was half an hour late.
答案：had planned had planned to do sth. “本来打算做某事而未做”。9．A great man of science sitting in the wheelchair, Stephen Hawking________(suffer) from a serious disease for nearly forty years.
答案：has suffered 由后面的时间状语可知应用现在完成时，sb. suffered from some disease不用被动语态。
10．I ran into a stranger as he passed by, “Oh, excuse me, please”was my reply. He said“Please excuse me too, I________(not watch) for you.”
答案：wasn't watching “我刚才未注意到你”是指相见时的情节，故用过去进行时。11．I applied for one right away and it should________(arrive) in two weeks.
答案：be arriving be arriving用进行时表将来。
12．The pupils here________(keep) busy doing all kinds of exercises every day in the past four weeks.
答案：have been kept 在“in the last/past＋时间段”的句子里，谓语动词要求用现在完成时。keep sb. busy doing sth.表示“使某人忙于……”，其被动语态则为be kept busy doing sth.现在完成时态则为have been kept busy doing sth.。
13．—What were you doing when Tom came to see you?
—I________(just put) on my overcoat and________(leave) to visit a friend of mine.
答案：had just put; was leaving 前一个动作在“汤姆来看”时已完成，后一个正要去做。
14．—Come on, Shela. I want to show you something.
—Oh, how nice of you. I never________(think) you ________(go) to bring me a gift.
答案：thought; were going never一词，表示“我压根儿没有想到你会带给我礼物”，反映了说话人的惊喜之情，“想，考虑”为过去事实，用“一般过去时”，第二空为时态前后一致原则。
15．—He promised to come to see you.
—But he________. I've been alone.
答案：hasn't I've been alone是重要信息。 Module 1 第三课时
Ⅰ.根据所给单词首字母及汉语提示写出单词的正确形式
1．The country used to be a British c________(殖民地) in Asia.
2．Judging from what we have achieved so far, we are o________(乐观的)．
3．I can't tell you d________(确定地) when I will come.
4．It's impossible to p________(预言)what will happen.
5．I saw a large diamond s________(具有……形状的)like a rose.
答案：1.colony 2.optimistic 3.definitely 4.predict 5.shaped
Ⅱ.选词填空(注意用其适当形式)
1．In order to keep the city clean, please don't __________________the waste everywhere.
2．________________！ The car is running in your direction.
3．Because of his efforts, his dream of becoming a writer __________________at last.
4．I'd love to find other ways to __________________ the mix, though.
5．The blooms are small and white. They ________________ stars.
答案：1.throw away 2.Look out 3.came true 4.use up 5.are shaped like
Ⅲ.同义句转换
1．A：Not all students show interest in classical music.
B：________ ________ ________ ________interested in classical music.
2．A：They didn't help me. Instead, they laughed at me.
B：________ ________ ________ me, they laughed at me.
3．A：No matter how late he is, Mother will wait for him to have dinner.
B：________ ________he is, Mother will wait for him to have dinner.
4．A：They worked hard and as a result they succeeded.
B：They succeeded________ ________hard.
5．A：He predicted that Class Two would win the game.
B：He________ ________ ________ that Class Two would win the game.
6．A：He was running out of money because he spent too much on drinks.
B：As he wasted a lot of money buying drinks, his money ________ ________ ________.
7．A：You don't have to pay to park your car here.
B：You can park your car here ________ ________ ________.
答案：1.All students are not 2.Instead of helping 3.However late 4.by working 5.made a prediction
6．was running out 7.free of charge
Ⅳ.语法填空
1．(2014·黄冈高一检测改编)You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of ________.
答案：shape 句意：你一直坐在我的帽子上，现在我的帽子已经严重变形了。out of shape变形，符合题意。
2．Look out________ wild beasts while you are in the mountain forest.
答案：for 句意：在深山老林中行走时要当心野兽。look out for当心，小心，符合句意。
3．Shop manager always says to her assistants, “We can never be ________ polite to our customers.”
答案：too 句意：商店经理总是对服务员说：“我们对顾客越礼貌越好”。can not/never too...to表示“再……也不为过”。
4．What I appreciate is her ________ view of events.
答案：optimistic 考查形容词用法。句意：我欣赏的是她对待事情的乐观态度。optimistic“乐观的”。
5．You'll regret your decision. Iphone 5S is on the way ________， so I suggest you buy another type.
答案：out 句意：你会为你的决定感到后悔的。苹果5S即将过时，我建议你买另一种类型的。on the way out“即将过时”。符合句意。
6．The woman doctor ________ that the patient could walk again, which made him and his family very happy.
答案：predicted 句意：这位女大夫预测这个病人还能重新(站起来)走路，这使他和他家人十分高兴。predict预言，预测。
7．His dream of becoming a university professor ________(come true)．
答案：has come true 句意：他想成为一名大学教授的梦想实现了。come true(梦想等)实现，不及物动词短语，由句意可知用完成时。
8．Not ________ the movies are interesting; some of them are quite boring.
答案：all 句意：并不是所有的电影都有趣，其中有几部相当无聊。从后面的some of them are quite boring可知，前面为部分否定。not all并非所有的。
Ⅴ.完形填空
“Bill! It is February 25,2099, seven o'clock. Time to __1__ and go to school.” said the clock-robot __2__ a mental voice. Then the kitchen-robot gave him toast and eggs. Bill was __3__. While he was eating，the whole wall __4__ a TV screen and Bill thought that it was great having robots to do __5__ for him. Bill ate his meal watching a TV __6__. When he finished eating，the __7__gave him his clothes very fast and __8__ him. Then Bill went off to school.
When Bill went outside，he saw a car with no __9__waiting for him. The car said，“Hello，I will be __10__ you to school every day. Now would you please __11__ me your school ID card？” said the car. So Bill showed the car his school ID card and got in. The __12__ began to talk to Bill about his school and his schoolwork. After that the car said，“I will __13__ your homework today __14__ you will have a very，very important lesson to __15__ in school today. Please put your homework on the blackboard.” Bill did so.
The car checked Bill's homework and then said, “You are a(n) __16__ student. All of your homework is __17__ ”When they __18__ the school, Bill said to the car，“Goodbye. See you later.” The car said to Bill，“Good luck in your school.” Bill got into the classroom and __19__ his seat at the front of the room. Then his teacher came in and said，“Welcome, children ! Today we will have a hard but __20__ lesson— ‘How do robots help a human being？’．..”
语篇解读：到2099年各种机器人会进入普通家庭，人们日常的衣食住行都会得到机器人周到的服务。
1．A.get up B．show up
C．take up D．dress up
答案：A 逻辑推理题。根据下文比尔要去上学，故可推测现在应该是起床时间。
2．A.in B．on
C．with D．by
答案：A 习语搭配题。in...voice固定搭配，表示“用……的声音”。
3．A.angry B．amazed
C．worried D．quick
答案：B 逻辑推理题。根据上下文推断，比尔应该对机器人提供的服务感到惊奇，故用amazed。
4．A.changed for B．became of
C．looked like D．turned into
答案：D 词语辨析题。用turn into表示“变成”。
5．A.something B．anything
C．everything D．nothing
答案：C 逻辑推理题。考查不定代词的用法。根据上下文判断，机器人为他做了一切。
6．A.show B．screen
C．set D．box
答案：A 逻辑推理题。从文章判断，比尔边吃早餐，边看电视节目。a TV show的意思是“电视节目”。
7．A.driver-robot B．clock-robot
C．kitchen-robot D．clothes-robot
答案：D 背景常识题。“给比尔穿衣服”当然是clothes-robot。
8．A.dressed B．cleaned
C．pushed D．pleased
答案：A 词语辨析题。clothes-robot所做的事情是帮比尔穿衣服，故用dress最合适。
9．A.teacher B．student
C．robot D．driver
答案：D 前后照应题。从后文看，这辆车是自动驾驶，没有司机。故选D。
10．A.driving B．accommodating
C．loading D．holding
答案：A 词语辨析题。drive可以表示“开车送人”。
11．A.give B．show
C．send D．lend
答案：B 习语搭配题。show sb.sth.固定搭配，把……展示给某人，符合语境。
12．A.teacher B．driver
C．robot D．car
答案：D 词汇复现题。本段多次出现the car，故选D。
13．A.check B．prepare
C．inspect D．do
答案：A 词汇复现题。根据下段首句中的checked确定，此处应该选A。
14．A.if B．when
C．but D．because
答案：D 逻辑推理题。此处用because引导原因状语从句。
15．A.miss B．learn
C．study D．check
答案：B 词语辨析题。本题从句意和搭配入手。miss a lesson不合句意；“学习功课”应该用learn a lesson。故选B。
16．A.energetic B．optimistic
C．great D．handsome
答案：C 背景常识题。作业都做对了，应该说是a great student。故选C。
17．A.easy B．difficult
C．correct D．wrong
答案：C 前后照应题。用correct才能与上文相符。
18．A.rushed in B．got to
C．turned to D．left off
答案：B 前后照应题。上文说driving you to school，此时应该是got to the school。
19．A.took B．found
C．made D．kept
答案：A 习语搭配题。“就座”用take one's seat表达。
20．A.easy B．important
C．boring D．influential
答案：B 逻辑推理题。句中but表示转折，与hard相对应，此处应该用important。
Ⅵ.阅读理解
It's 2035. You have a job, a family and you're about 40 years old! Welcome to your future life.
Getting ready for work, you pause in front of the mirror. “Turn red，” you say. Your shirt changes from sky blue to deep red. Tiny preprogrammed electronics(智能电子元件)are rearranged in your shirt to change its color. Looking into the mirror, you find it hard to believe you're 40. You look much younger. With amazing advances in medicine, people in your generation may live to be 150 years old. You're not even middleaged!
As you go into the kitchen and prepare to pour your breakfast cereal into a bowl, you hear, “To lose weight, you shouldn't eat that，”from your shoes. They read the tiny electronic code(电子源码)on the cereal box to find out the nutrition details. You decide to listen to your shoes. “Kitchen, what can I have for breakfast？”A list of possible foods appears on the counter as the kitchen checks its food supplies.
“Ready for your trip to space？”you ask your son and daughter. In 2005 only specially trained astronauts went into space—and very few of them. Today anyone can go to space for day trips or longer vacations. Your best friend even works in space. Handing your children three strawberries each, you add, “The doctor said you need these for space travel.”Thanks to medical advances, vaccination shots(防疫针)are a thing of the past. Ordinary foods contain specific vaccines. With the berries in their mouths, the kids head for the front door.
It's time for you to go to work. Your car checks your fingerprints and unlocks the doors. “My office. Autopilot，”you command. Your car drives itself down the road and moves smoothly into traffic on the highway. You sit back and unroll your e-newspaper. The latest news downloads and fills the viewer. Looking through the pages, you watch the news as video film rather than read it.
1．What changes the color of your shirt?
A．The mirror. B．The shirt itself.
C．The counter. D．The medicine.
答案：B 细节理解题。根据短文第二段二、三句话可知，衬衣里面安装有微型智能电子元件，它可改变衬衣的颜色。
2．How do the shoes know that you shouldn't eat the breakfast cereal?
A．By pouring the breakfast into a bowl.
B．By listening to the doctor's advice.
C．By testing the food supplies in the kitchen.
D．By checking the nutrition details of the food.
答案：D 细节理解题。根据短文第三段第二句话可知。鞋子看一下麦片盒子的电子源码，就可弄明白麦片的营养成分。
3．The strawberries the children eat serve as________.
A．breakfast B．lunch
C．vaccines D．nutrition
答案：C 细节理解题。根据短文第四段最后两句话可知。医学发达了，防疫针成为过去。普通食物里含有特别疫苗。
4．How is the text organized?
A．In order of time. B．In order of frequency.
C．In order of preference. D．In order of importance.
答案：A 细节理解题。纵观全文：首先穿衣，然后到吃早饭，打发孩子去旅行，最后上班。由此而知，本文是以时间顺序来组织的。
课件48张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 · 必修4 Life in the Future Module 1第三课时 Cultural Corner1.1.1 集合的概念Module 1Ⅰ.在括号内写出黑体部分的汉语意思
1．Whatever trouble he meets, he is always optimistic.(乐观的)
2．She received a present shaped like a pig on her birthday.(具有……形状的)
3．India was once the colony of England.(殖民地)
4．Can you predict what our city will be like in 50 years？(预言，预料)
5．They worked hard for 3 months. Eventually they finished the job.(最后，终于)
6．There's something wrong with the dishwasher, so I have to wash the dishes all by hand.(洗碗机)
7．A doormat should be put beside the door, so that we can wipe our shoes when we return.(门前擦鞋垫)
8．Can you definitely describe to the police what the thief looks like？(无疑地，确定地)Ⅱ.根据汉语释义补全下列短语
1．use________ 用完
2．look________ 小心；当心
3．________a start 首先
4．on the way________ 即将被淘汰
5．throw________ 扔掉
6．________progress 正在进行
7．be ________ like 被制成……形状
8．come________ 实现upoutforoutawayinshapedtrueⅢ.阅读Famous Last Words回答下面的问题
1．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?
A．Airplanes. B．Keys.
C．Foods. D．Clothes.
2．What does the sentence “Not all predictions come true.”mean?
A．All the predictions come true.
B．None of the predictions come true.
C．There is no prediction coming true.
D．All the predictions do not come true.
3．Which is TRUE about the clothes mentioned in Changing Times Magazine?
A．They are made from wool.
B．They are made from cotton.
C．They can last for a long time.
D．They will be thrown away for they are made of paper.
4．What does NOT the robot owned by the housewives have?
A．One large eye on the top.
B．Black hair.
C．Long narrow pads.
D．Several arms.
答案：1～4 CDDB1.wear v．穿；戴；蓄；留(发、须等)；流露；面带；呈现(某种神态)；磨损；消耗。
①Was she wearing a seat belt?
她系着座椅安全带吗？
②He wore a puzzled looking on his face.
他脸上流露出迷惑不解的神情。
知识拓展
wear away 磨；磨光
wear down 使意志薄弱
wear off 逐渐消失
wear sth. out 磨破；磨损；穿破
wear sb. out 使精疲力竭辨析：put on/wear/dress/have on/pull on/try on/in
这些单词或词组皆有“穿；戴”之意。
(1)put on表示“穿上；戴上”，强调动作。
(2)wear表示“穿；穿着”“戴；戴着”，强调状态，用be wearing可以表示暂时的状态。用法比较广泛，可用于穿衣服、鞋，戴手套、首饰、手表、徽章、眼镜以及留头发、胡须等。
(3)dress表示“穿衣”，其宾语一般是表示人的名词，而不是表示衣服的名词，若用sth.作宾语，则可以用be dressed in。
(4)have on主要表示状态，不用于进行时。
(5)pull on指“随便穿上”，侧重“拉、拽”，宾语常是袜子、手套等名词。
(6)try on意为“试穿(衣服、鞋、帽等)”。
(7)in表示“穿”之意，既可跟衣服之类的词，也可以直接跟上一个表示颜色的词，表示穿着什么颜色的服装。
即学即用
语法填空
He likes________(wear) red clothes.
答案：wearing like后接不定式或v-ing形式。跟v-ing形式往往指平时的习惯。
2．require vt.
(1)需要(后跟名词、代词、动名词和that从句)
This plan requires careful consideration.
这项计划有必要仔细考虑。
(2)要求；命令
What do you require of me?
你要求我做什么？
注意：require后跟that从句时要用虚拟语气“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。
This situation required that we(should) stay there.
当时的情况使我们必须留在这儿。知识拓展
require sb. to do... 要求某人做……
require sth. of sb. 对某人有要求
requirement n. 要求；必要条件
meet/satisfy a requirement 满足/达到要求
即学即用
语法填空
The wall require ________(repair)．
答案：repairing/to be repaired3．shape
(1)v. 使成形
Shape the dough into small balls.
把面团搓成小丸子。
(2)v. 进展顺利
These events helped to shape her future career.
这些事促成了她后来从事的职业。
(3)n. 形状；外形
What shape is the table—round or oval?
那张桌子是什么形状的——圆形还是椭圆形？
链接：
in shape 在形状上
out of shape 变形；走样
in the shape of... 呈……的形状；以……的形式
in any shape/form 以任何形式
即学即用
语法填空
Cookies ________(shape) like different kinds of animals appeal to small children very much.
答案：shaped shape意为“使成为……形状”，与Cookies之间是被动关系，故用动词的过去分词形式作后置定语，shaped符合题意。 1.come true(理想，梦想)实现；成为现实。
My dream of being admitted into Harvard University has come true.
我考入哈佛大学的梦想终于实现了。
辨析：come true与realize
(1)come true为不及物动词短语
Our dreams come true.
我们的梦想实现了。
(2)realize为及物动词
We have realized our dreams.
我们已经实现了自己的梦想。
即学即用
语法填空
After years of hard work, his wish of being a college student has finally ________true.
答案：come come true“实现”，无被动结构。句意为：经过数年的努力学习，他成为大学生的愿望最终实现了。
2．throw away 扔掉；抛弃
I shouldn't have thrown away the receipt.
我真不该把那张收据扔掉。
知识拓展
throw about 到处扔
throw on a coat 匆匆穿上上衣
throw off one's clothes 匆匆脱掉衣服
throw up 呕吐
throw doubt on 使对……产生怀疑
throw light on 使清楚；提供线索
即学即用
I couldn't get the money from the company. I shouldn't have thrown________ the receipt.
答案：away throw away“扔掉，放弃”。句意为：我从公司里拿不回钱，我本不应该将收条扔掉。
3．on the way out
(1)on the way有两个意思，一是表示“在路上；在进行中”，二是表示“即将”，后面跟介词to。
①I'd better be on my way soon.
我最好还是快点走。
②He is on the way to becoming a college student this year.
他今年即将成为一名大学生。
(2)on the way out也有两个意思，一是“正要离开”；二是“即将过时”。
①When I was on the way out, I saw him coming up.
我正要离开时，看到他走上来了。
②The Saturday rave craze seems to be on the way out.
星期六聚会热似乎就要过时了。
即学即用
语法填空
Over the past 20 years, the Internet has helped change our world in ________way or another for the better.
答案：one 考查固定搭配。in one way or another意为“无论如何；不管怎么说”。句意为：在过去的20年里，不管怎么说，网络使我们的世界变得更好了。Not all predictions come true.
并非所有的预言都能成为现实。
句中“Not all...”作主语时，意为“并非全部”，表示部分否定，即“部分是……，部分不是……”。
①Not all birds can fly.
并不是所有的鸟都能飞。
②Not all the parts of the car will be made in the factory.
并非所有的汽车零件都在这个工厂里制造。
提示：not与all, both, every以及由every构成的不定代词连用时，无论not在句中什么位置都是部分否定。完全否定用neither(两者)，none(三者以上)，no one和nobody。
①Not everyone likes pop music.＝Everyone doesn't like pop music.
并不是每个人都喜欢流行音乐。
②No one/Nobody likes pop music.
没有人喜欢流行音乐。
即学即用
语法填空
________the ants go out for food. Some work ants in the tunnels work as guards or workers.
答案：Not all not all＝all not, 为部分否定。句意为：不是所有的蚂蚁都出去找食物。一些工蚁在坑道中担任卫兵或者工人。Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Culturally speaking, America might be called a European ________(殖民地)．
2．It is impossible to ________(预测)who will win.
3．Can you ________ (使成为……形状) the sand into a mound?
4．Please wipe your feet, ie, remove the dirt from your shoes by wiping them on the ________(擦鞋垫)．
5．It is said that this custom has been handed down since the 18th ________(世纪)．
答案：1.colony 2.predict 3.shape 4.doormat 5．centuryⅡ.完成句子
1．我邀请了所有的老师来参加我们的聚会，但他们却不能都来。
I invited all our teachers to our party but ________ ________ of them can come.
2．如果我的志向能实现的话，我希望成为一个老师。
If my aim can ________ ________ , I hope(wish) to be a teacher.
3．对那名失踪儿童的搜索仍在进行。
The search for the missing child is still ________ ________.
4．这个婴儿扔掉他的玩具汽车开始哭了起来。
The baby ________ ________ his toy car and began to cry.
5．这个孩子把生面团揉成了小球。
The child ________ the dough ________ small balls.
答案：1.not all 2.come true 3.in progress 4.threw away 5.shaped; into
Ⅲ.语法填空
1．—Did ________ get through the driving test?
—No, ________. A few failed.
答案：everybody; not all 句意：——每个人都通过驾照考试了吗？——不是，并不是所有的，有几个没过。表示“每一个人”用everybody；且根据a few failed可知并非所有的人都通过了，所以用not all。2．On the wall ________(hang) two large portraits.
答案：hang 句意：墙上挂着两张大肖像画。介词短语位于句首，句子用倒装。且句子的主语是two large portraits，故谓语动词用复数。
3．He sat there silently, with his eyes ________(close) and his legs ________(cross)．
答案：closed; crossed 句意：他安静地盘膝坐在那儿，闭着双眼。考查with复合结构。eyes与close之间是被动关系；legs与cross之间也是被动关系，故两处都用过去分词作宾语补足语，表示状态。
4．These events helped to ________ her future career.
答案：shape 句意：这些事件有助于促成她将来的事业。shape“使成形，塑造，制作”。
5．They went fishing yesterday. But caught ________ at all.
答案：none 句意：他们昨天抓鱼去了，但是一条也没抓到。考查不定代词。none“一个也没有”，侧重数量＝no fish。6．You should throw ________ these chairs and buy new ________.
答案：away; ones 句意：你应该扔掉这些椅子，买些新的。第一个空考查throw away“扔掉”，第二个空ones代替chairs。
7．Autumn coming, down ________(树叶落下)．
答案：fall the leaves 句意：秋天到了，树叶落了，副词down位于句首，句子要全部倒装，即fall放在主语the leaves前面。
8．________(face) with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.
答案：Faced 本句句意：面临困难的局势，Arnold决定去向他的老板请教。本题实际考查非谓语动词和短语be faced with“面临”。课件10张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 · 必修4 Life in the FutureModule 1
无人驾驶的汽车真的会出现吗？各大汽车公司对未来的无人驾驶巡逻车的展望是什么样子的？他们推出的概念车又是什么样子的呢？
Self-driving cars are barely on the road yet, but designers apparently think they'll be the future of police work. At the Los Angeles Car Show's annual design challenge, car companies were asked to predict the highway patrol1 vehicle of 2025. As The New York Times reports, several of the concepts were autonomous2 , designed either to be completely unmanned or to help officers monitor3 the area.
BMW's (宝马) E-Patrol, for example, would include both “unicycle-like” robot vehicles and a flying unmanned machine that could be deployed4 by police to disable cars with an electromagnetic pulse(电磁脉冲). In the same time, Honda's(本田) speculative CHP Drone Squad includes two-and four-wheeled autonomous vehicles.
The more conservative5 Subaru (斯巴鲁) merely imagined a self-driving car that would work in water.
GM (通用汽车公司) created a concept that would run on an updated6 version of the Chevrolet Volt's hybrid propulsion system (雪弗兰两用车推进系统)．
As one can tell from the concept art gallery, the designs are a bit tongue-in-cheek,_built more for Hollywood than a real police force. Even so, they show that autonomous vehicles have very much entered the public imagination. And, if anything, the action-movie feel of most of them is a little unsettling, especially in light of the very real debates over militarization7 of the police force.
知识点击
1．patrol n．巡逻
2.autonomous adj.自动的；自主的；自治的
3．monitor v．监控
4.deploy v．部署；调动
5．conservative adj.保守的
6.updated adj.更新的
7．militarization n．军事化自主探究
1．Who are the concepts designed for? (no more than 2 words)
____________________________________________________
2．What's the meaning of the underlined word in the last paragraph? (no more than 2 words)
____________________________________________________
3．How many concepts are introduced in the passage? (no more than 2 words)
____________________________________________________
答案：1.Future police. 2.Not serious. 3.Four.
