【成才之路】2014-2015学年高中英语必修四（外研版）：Module+3+Body+Language+and+verbal+Communication+课件+强化练习（7份）

Module 3　 第一课时
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示写出相应的单词
1．I don't like to wear ________(正式的) clothes at any time.
2．________(传统地), Chinese young couples wear red clothes when they get married.
3．The crowd used sticks and bottles as ________(武器) against the attack of the dogs.
4．The Japanese ________(鞠躬)often to greet people.
5．I'm sorry that I was not ________(意识到) of your words.
6．We warmly ________(鼓掌) at the headteacher's welcome words.
7．________(姿势)vary slightly from country to country.
8．The dogs are trained to be ________(攻击性的)．
9．Luckily，she was only hurt ________(轻微地) in the car accident.
10．I ________(张开) my palm to hit the fly on the table but failed.
答案：1.formal　2. Traditionally　3. weapons　4.bow
5．conscious　6.clapped　7.Gestures　8.aggressive　
9．slightly　10.spread
Ⅱ.用所给单词或短语的适当形式完成句子

1．If you have any questions, please ________ your hands before asking them.
2．The news that he was admitted into a famous university ________ quickly across the whole small town.
3．The attitudes to the plan ________ from person to person.
4．Don't ________ the deal to anyone，only between you and me.
5．Please ____________ all the time not to let in any strangers in our community.
6．Luckily, the car was ________ damaged in the accident.
7．They finally ________ after they had the negotiations.
8．Does my job ________ cooking for you?
答案：1.hold up　2.has spread　3.vary　4.give away
5．be on guard　6.slightly　7.made a deal　8.involve
Ⅲ.语法填空
1．Using body language in a correct way will help communicate ________ people and make the stay in a foreign country easy and comfortable.
答案：with　句意：正确地运用身势语有助于同人们进行交际，并使你在外国逗留时会感到轻松而愉快。符合题意。
2．________(tradition), people in the west who attend the funeral wear black clothes.
答案：Traditionally　句意：传统上西方人参加葬礼穿黑色的衣服。traditionally传统地；especially特别，尤其；fortunately幸运地；unluckily不幸地。
3．The headmaster made a ________ to begin with his lecture.
答案：gesture　句意：校长做了个手势开始做报告。make a gesture to do sth.做出手势来做某事。
4．They keep ________ guard though the flood was going down.
答案：on　句意：虽然洪水消退了，但他们还在坚守岗位值勤。
5．That man standing over there is a difficult man ________(deal with)．
答案：to deal with　句意：站在那儿的那个人是一个很难应付的人。用动词不定式作定语，man与deal with之间是动宾关系，用主动表示被动，故答案是A项。
6．When ________(ask) about hid future plans, Zhang Yimou said that his next movie would follow a modern theme.
答案：asked　考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被问到未来的计划时，张艺谋说他的下一部电影将遵循现代主旋律。空格处的动词和其逻辑主语Zhang Yimou构成动宾关系，完整形式为：When he was asked...。
7．The news ________ that Yao Ming would come to our school.
答案：spread　考查动词词义。句意：有传言说姚明会来我们学校。spread意为“传播”，符合题意。
8．Whoever ________(involve) in the robbery must be punished.
答案：is involved　此题中whoever引导主语从句且在句中作主语，而且involve与whoever之间是动宾关系，所以要用被动语态。
9．You'd better ________ your diet rather than eat the same food all the time.
答案：vary　句意：你最好使你的饮食多样化，而不是一直吃同一种食物。vary“使不同，改变，使……变得多样化”，符合句意。
10．(2014·南京高一检测改编)The old house looks the same as before, but in fact, it has been ________(slight)changed, for example, some windows have been replaced.
答案：slightly　考查副词。句意：这所旧房子看着和以前一样，可事实上它只是稍微有点变化，比如换了一些窗户。slightly意为“稍微；轻微地”，符合句意。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
A boy lost in the wilderness was saved by a kangaroo. That's the story floating around after Simon Kruger, a 7-year-old boy, was rescued from Australia's Deep Creek Conservation Park.
According to Australia's 7 News, the saga began when Simon wandered off after the family ate a picnic lunch. Apparently the lost boy drifted away to pick flowers for his mom. Instead, he got hopelessly lost—and without adequate warm clothing to stay out overnight in the forest.
A police search, including helicopters, followed. But Simon wasn't found for 24 hours—even though he was ultimately discovered only about half a kilometer from the family's campsite. His father Etienne Kruger thinks his son was disoriented when the rain and wind swept in after he got lost.
However it happened, Simon wasn't found for almost a full 24 hours. The overnight weather was cold and wet, dropping to a low of around 43 degrees Fahrenheit.
So how did the lost boy survive the cold, wet night? The family said that Simon's flowers for his mom attracted a kangaroo. His dad explained, “A kangaroo came closer to him and ate the flowers from him, and the kangaroo fell asleep next to him. I think God sent a kangaroo to keep him warm.”
语篇解读：7岁男孩西蒙·克鲁格在澳大利亚阿德莱德的深溪保护区公园走失，因袋鼠帮助取暖而得以获救。
1．Why did the boy leave his family?
A．To play with a kangaroo. B．To pick some flowers for his mother.
C．To go for an adventure by himself. D．To hide away from his family.
答案：B　细节理解题。从第二段第二句Apparently the lost boy drifted away to pick flowers for his mom.可以看出B项正确。
2．The purpose of the writer is to ________.
A．inform us a moving story between a boy and an animal
B．teach the children to protect the environment
C．ask the parents to look after their children more carefully
D．praise the policemen for their great effort to rescue a lost boy
答案：A　主旨大意题。本文主要告诉了我们迷路的小男孩被袋鼠拯救的感人故事。
3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．The kangaroo feeds on flowers.
B．At first sight, the little boy was fond of the kangaroo very much.
C．It was the flowers that attracted the police to the place where the boy was found.
D．It was lucky for the boy to have a kangaroo with him.
答案：D　推理判断题。小男孩的爸爸认为“袋鼠走近他，吃他手里的花，还睡在他身旁。我觉得是上帝派来一只袋鼠帮他取暖。”因此孩子很幸运没有冻坏。
4．What does the underlined word “disoriented” mean?
A．determined B．excited
C．confused D．concerned
答案：C　词义猜测题。单词所在的句意是：孩子可能是因为刮风下雨而迷失了方向。confused感到迷惑的，符合语境。
5．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Realizing he was lost, Simon tried his best to find the way back.
B．The police found the boy because of the signs that a kangaroo had left.
C．With the help of the police, the lost boy could survive the cold night.
D．The lost boy was lost for almost 24 hours without adequate warm clothing to stay out overnight in the forest
答案：D　细节理解题。A、B项文章没有提及；C项把the police改为the kangaroo才对；D项符合文章细节。
B
Comera is the only place in the world which has a whistle (口哨) language. We do not know how and why it began because we do not know the complete history of the island. But we can certainly imagine the reasons for the beginning of the whistle language. There are many deep valleys on the island. A person on one side of valley cannot easily shout to a person on the other side. But he can whistle and be heard from four miles away, and the record is seven miles. The people who live on the island usually have good teeth, and this helps them to whistle well. They must also have good ears so that they can hear other whistlers.
We can understand why the whistle language continues. It is very useful on the island，and quite easy to learn. When somebody is hurt or ill, the whistle language takes the place of telephone. If the sick person is a long way from the town, boys and men pass the news from one to another. A boy guarding cattle on a hillside whistles to a man fishing from his boat. The last one is able to describe the trouble fully and exactly to the doctor in town. People help each other in the same way when a car breaks or a cow is lost.
The whistle language is hundreds of years old, and probably it will continue to live for hundreds of years more. Radio and TV often kill the special ways of speaking in the different parts of a country. But on Comera island you are nobody if you cannot whistle. Perhaps soon after TV arrives on the island, the people there will be whistling the news and other facts and opinions.
语篇解读：本文讲述了Comera(考麦拉)岛是全世界唯一一个运用口哨语言的地方，这种传统已有几百年并且还将继续流传下去。
6．If a person on Comera island is ill, ________.
A．others will phone the doctor in town
B．the whistle language will pass the news to the doctor
C．his family will take him to the doctor
D．people will take him to the hospital
答案：B　细节理解题。从文章的第二段可知，在此岛上，口哨语是用于传递信息的。故口哨可将病人的信息传递给远处的医生。
7．From the passage we know radio and TV ________ at that time.
A．killed the special way of speaking
B．whistled all the news and opinions
C．helped Comera people to communicate
D．did not appear on Comera island yet
答案：D　推理判断题。从文章的最后一句“Perhaps soon after TV arrives on the island，the people there will...”，可知此岛上并无电视、收音机等先进的东西。
8．Comera island is special in that ________.
A．it attracts visitors every year
B．no visitors have ever been there
C．people there have special ears to hear whistles
D．people there use the whistle language to communicate with each other
答案：D　推理判断题。纵观全文，可知此岛的特殊之处在于它特有的口哨语。
9．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．It is not easy for a person to live on Comera island ifhe cannot whistle.
B．The whistle language can only be found on Comeraisland.
C．The whistle language has been used for hundreds ofyears on the island，but will not be used any longer.
D．The record shows that one best whistler can beheard by others seven miles away.
答案：C　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话“The whistle language is hundreds of years old, and probably it will continue to live for hundreds of years more.”可知C选项与作者观点相悖。
Ⅴ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
People__1__(live) in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred__2__in the world. Each contains many thousands of words. A very large dictionary, for example, contains four__3__five hundred thousand words. But we do not need__4__these. To read short stories you need to know only about two thousand words.__5__ you leave school, you will learn only one thousand or more.
The words you know are called your vocabulary. You should try to make your vocabulary __6__(big). Read as many books as we can. There are a lot of books__7__(write)in easy English. You will enjoy them. When you meet__8__new word, look it__9__in your dictionary. Your dictionary is your__10__(much) useful book.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．living　living现在分词作后置定语修饰people。
2．languages　1500种语言，故填写languages。
3．or　或者的意思。
4．all　表示全部，故用all。
5．Before　离开学校(表示毕业之前)before。
6．bigger　更加大，较大，故用比较级bigger。
7．written　过去分词作后置定语与books是完成或被动关系。
8．a　一个新单词。
9．up　look up查词典。
10．most　非常有用的，故用most。
【辽宁卷题型】
M：Jane! Imagine__1__(see) you here.
W：Bob! Glad to see you too. I haven't seen you__2__ages.
M：You know, I've been hoping to get hold of you. Would you be able to come over this Friday? My sister just returned from a trip__3__Canada. She'll be staying with us for a few days. I thought you two might like to get to know each other since you two are both botanists.
W：Oh! I'd love to. But I can't. I have to go up to my younger brother's graduation on Friday right after work. It takes four hours__4__(get) to Seattle, you know.
M：Seattle? I thought you were from Portland.
W：No, I just lived there for a few years.
M：Well, it's really too bad you can't make__5__. When my sister was in Canada, she spent the whole time__6__(take) pictures of plants. I can't believe how good some of them are.
W：Is there any chance__7__you could ask her to stay around for a little bit__8__？ I'll be getting back early Sunday.
M：I doubt__9__we can get her to stay much longer. She is busy.
W：Well, if I can't get hold of her this time, maybe I'll have to wait till the next time she__10__(come) around.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．seeing　imagine后接doing。
2．for　由句意和时态可知。
3．to　a trip to...“到某地的旅行”。
4．to get　It takes sb. some time to do sth.“某人花多少时间做某事”。
5．it　make it“及时到达”。
6．taking　spend time doing sth.“花时间做某事”。
7．that　chance后接that引导的同位语从句。
8．longer　与后文“much longer”照应。
9．whether　doubt用于肯定陈述句，后接whether引导的从句。
10．comes　时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时。
课件136张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 · 必修4 Body Language and Non-verbal CommunicationModule 31.1.1　集合的概念第一课时　Introduction & Reading1.1.1　集合的概念Module 3Ⅰ.词汇初探
1．________(n.)武器
2．________(n.)姿势；姿态
3．________(n.)协议；交易
4．________(n.)前额
5．________(n.)手掌
6．________(vi.)张开
7．________(vt.)掌击weapongesturedealforeheadpalmspreadslap8．communicate(vi.)(用语言、信号)传递信息；交流→______________(n.)交流；沟通
9．unconscious(adj.)无意的；不知不觉的→________(adj.)意识到的；自觉的
10．________(vi.)变化→various(adj.)各种各样的，各不相同的→variation(n.)变化
11．formal(adj.)正式的→________(adj.)非正式的
12．______________(adv.)传统地→traditional(adj.)传统的→________(n.)传统communicationconsciousvaryinformaltraditionallytradition13．__________(adj.)恐吓的；具有威胁的→threaten(v.)恐吓；威胁→________(n.)恐吓；威胁
14．________(vt.)包括→involvement(n.)卷入；牵连→________(adj.)参与……的；和……有关联的
15．slightly(adv.)轻微地；稍微→________(adj.)轻轻的；稍微的；有一点的
16．bow(vi.)鞠躬→________(n.)鞠躬
17．________(n.)年轻人→young(adj.)年轻的threateningthreatinvolveinvolvedslightbowyouthⅡ.短语互译
1．在远处　________________
2．想出；想到 ________________
3．举起手 ________________
4．与某人握手 ________________
5．more than ________________
6．vary from...to... ________________
7．on guard ________________
8．make a deal __________________
9．hold up ________
10．give away ________________in the distancethink ofraise one's handshake hands with sb.多于；不仅仅　在……之中变化(保持)警惕达成协议；做成交易举起暴露(自己的情况)Ⅲ.完成句子
1．这篇文章对我们来说不容易理解。
This article is not easy ________________.(不定式的复合结构)
2．如果天气允许，这周六我们去游玩好吗？
____________________，shall we go outing this Saturday？(独立主格)
3．你对她对你说的话那么肯定吗？
Are you so sure of__________________？(宾语从句)for us to understandWeather permittingwhat she said to you
Ⅳ.语篇理解
Step 1　Introduction
Do you know the meanings of the body languages in the following pictures? Please match the given words with the pictures.Step 2　Fast-reading
Ⅰ.Read the passage fast and match each part with their general idea.Ⅱ. True (T) or False (F)．
1．Body Language varies from culture to culture.(　　)
2．Europeans shake hands with their right hand when greeting.(　　)
3．In Asian countries greeting involves touching each other.(　　)
4．Muslims greet by joining their hands and bowing their heads.(　　)
5．People can give away more by gestures than by words.(　　)Step 3　Careful-reading
Choose the best answer according to the passage.
1．How should we understand the word “communication”？
A．It only refers to words and sentences.
B．It refers to spoken and written words.
C．It refers to not only spoken and written words but also body language.
D．None of the above.
2．Which of the following gestures shows that one trusts others?
A．Being on guard all the time.
B．Shaking hands with the left hand.
C．Shaking hands with the stronger hand.
D．Shaking hands with a weapon.
3．Why do Europeans and Americans shake hands with their right hands?
A．They have been used to it.
B．The right hands are the weakest ones.
C．They think it is formal.
D．They want to express they trust each other.4．“Give me five ！” ________.
A．is only used by the American youths
B．is a gesture of formal greeting
C．is now very popular both in America and in other places
D．can happen when people hold something in their hands
5．Body language is fascinating because ________.
A．everyone is supposed to study it
B．you can become a mind reader
C．one can understand others better by their body language
D．one can imitate othersStep 4　Summary
Fill in the blanks according to the passage.
We communicate with 1.________ just spoken and written words. We also need to learn body language, which 2.________ from culture to culture. Traditionally, Europeans and Americans shake hands with their right hand. It means “I trust you. Look, I am not carrying a 3.________ weapon.” They also shake hands when they make a 4.________. In China, we put the right hand over the left and bow 5.________ when we greet someone while Muslims give a “salaam”. Hindus join their hands and bow their heads in respect. The expression “Give me five！” is also a gesture for
American youths to greet one another. Body language is 6.________ for anyone to study. You can give 7.________ much more by gestures than by words. So look at your friends and family to see if you are a 8.________.
Step 5　Discussion
Can you guess what someone is thinking or feeling looking at his or her body language?
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
答案：
Step 1　1.clap　2.shake　3.thumbs up　4.point　5.smile　6.a high five　7.wave
Step 2　Ⅰ.Part 1：B　Part 2：C　Part 3：A
Ⅱ.1.T　2.T　3.F　4.F　5.T
Step 3　1～5 CCDCC
Step 4　1.more than　2.varies　3.threatening　4.deal　
5．slightly　6.fascinating　7.away　8.mind readerStep 5
①Yes, I can. A person's body language can tell us what he or she is feeling. For example, if someone is nervous, his or her hands may shake. If a person smiles but his or her eyes don't look happy, we can guess that there is something wrong.
②No, I can't. It is difficult to tell what a person is thinking by looking at his or her body language. People use body language in different ways and gestures may have different meanings in different areas. People don't always think about their body language, so we may misunderstand them if we try to guess what they are thinking or feeling. It is also possible for people to learn to use their body language to hide what they are really feeling or thinking.1.introduce v. 介绍；引见；使相互认识；采用；实施；推行
知识拓展
(1)introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人
The headmaster introduced our new teachers to us.
校长把新教师们介绍给了我们。
(2)introduce oneself 自我介绍
Let me introduce myself. My name is Melody Johnson.
让我自我介绍一下，我叫梅洛迪·约翰逊。(3)introduce sth. to/into 把……引进……；使……传入……
Some Western cultures are introduced into our country.
很多西方文化传入中国。
(4)introduce sb. to sth. 使某人初次尝试某物
Mother introduced me to the joys of learning.
妈妈让我初次尝到了学习的乐趣。
单词积累
introduction n. 介绍；采用；传入
即学即用
语法填空
(1)It is worth considering what makes“convenience”foods so popular, and________(introduce)better ones of your own.
答案：introducing　本题句意为：值得考虑一下什么使得“方便”食品这么受人欢迎，并且介绍一下你自己比较喜欢的那些“食品”。and连接consider与introduce，故introduce也要用v.-ing形式作为worth的宾语使用。
(2)—The food here is nice enough.
—My friend ________(introduce) me a right place.
答案：introduced　本题考查动词的时态。这里用一般过去时表示过去发生的事实。句意为：我朋友还真给我找对了地方。从对食物的评价来看，introduce这一动作当然是已经发生，故用一般过去时。
2．match v.
(1)般配；与……相配
It's difficult to match the color of old paint.
很难找到和旧画颜色相配的色彩。
(2)(与……)相同；相似；相一致
Her fingerprints match those found at the scene of the crime.
她的指纹与犯罪现场的指纹相吻合。(3)match sb./sth.(to/with sb./sth.)相称(或相关)的人(或物)；将……配对
The aim of the competition is to match the quote to the person who said it.
比赛的要求是把引文和它的作者配在一起。
(4)与……相匹敌；和……不相上下
The teams were evenly matched.
各队的水平旗鼓相当。n.
(1)[C]火柴
He struck the match twice, but it couldn't burn.
他擦了两次火柴，可是点不着。
(2)[C]比赛；竞赛
They are playing an important match against Liverpool on Sunday.
星期天他们和利物浦队有一场重要比赛。
(3)[sing.]敌手；旗鼓相当的人
He is John's match for bravery.
他与约翰勇气相当。
(4)[sing.]相配的人(或物)；般配的人(或物)
The napkins were a nice match for the tablecloth.
餐巾和桌布相配得很好。
知识拓展
match sb./sth. against/with sb./sth. 让……同……较量
find/meet one's match(in sb.) 遇到对手；棋逢对手
即学即用
语法填空
Her shoes________her dress; they look very well together.
答案：match　考查动词词义。句意：她的鞋子和衣服很配，它们搭配起来很好看。match“般配；与……相配”。3．communicate v.
(1)交流(信息、消息、意见等)；沟通
We only communicate by E-mail.
我们只通过电子邮件进行交流。
(2)传递；传达(想法、感情、思想等)
He was eager to communicate his ideas to the group.
他急于把想法传给小组。知识拓展
(1)communication n. 传达；信息；通讯；通信
(2)communicate with sb. 与某人联络
be in communication with 与……通讯；与……保持联系
注意：communication作“通讯；通信”解时，为不可数名词；作“信息”解时，为可数名词。
Radio is the only means of communication in remote areas.
边远地区唯一的通讯工具就是无线电。即学即用
介、副词填空
(1)We usually communicate ________ letter.
(2)We communicated ________ an interpreter.
(3)She is unable to communicate her ideas ________ other people.
(4)The couples who communicate well ________ each other quarrel little.
(5)To be well-informed, we should be ________ communication ________ each other ________ what happens to us.
答案：(1)by　(2)through　(3)to　(4)with　(5)in；with；about
4．unconscious adj.未发觉的；无意识的；不省人事的
This wounded soldier was unconscious from his loss of blood.
这名伤员由于失血过多而昏迷不醒。
After she hit her head, she was unconscious for several minutes.
她把头碰了一下后昏迷了几分钟。
知识拓展
(1)conscious adj. 意识到的；自觉的
He became conscious again in a minute.
他立刻又恢复了知觉。
I had to make a conscious effort not to be rude to him.
我必须刻意约束自己不要对他粗鲁。
(2)固定搭配：be conscious/unconscious of sth. 意识到/未意识到某事
She is very conscious of the importance of the problem.
她完全意识到了问题的重要性。
I was unconscious of her presence.
我不知道她在场。辨析：conscious与aware
He may be conscious of fear, but not altogether aware of the danger which is going on about him.
他可能会心感恐惧，但并不能全然察觉到他周围将发生什么危险。
即学即用
语法填空
She was quite ________(conscious) of having made a careless mistake.
答案：unconscious　unconscious“不省人事的；未发觉的，无意识的”。句意为：她丝毫没有意识到自己犯下了一个粗心的错误。
5．vary v．变化
The quality of our products never varies; it's always excellent.
我们的产品质量从未改变，一直都是上乘的。
The weather varied from mild to quite cold.
天气从暖和变得非常冷了。知识拓展
(1)vary的过去式和过去分词是varied。
(2)同根词：variety n. 变化；多变(化)；various adj. 不同种类的；各种各样的
(3)与vary有关的固定句型：
vary in sth. 在……方面不同(有差异)
vary with sth. 随着……变化
vary from...to.... 从……到……变化
链接：
various adj. 不同的；许多的
提示：a variety of与varieties of意思相同，用法也相同，既可修饰不可数名词，又可修饰可数名词的复数。辨析：vary与change
My design cannot vary with the funds.
我的设计不能因经费问题而改来改去。
I have to change my design.
我不得不改变我的设计。
即学即用
语法填空
Not surprisingly, the prices of products vary ________ quality and market conditions such as supply and demand.
答案：with　vary强调不规则或连续地改变，vary with“随……而变化”；根据句意，用with。句意为：不足为怪，产品价格随产品的质量和市场的供需状况而改变。
6．formal adj.正式的
The dinner was a formal affair.
这是正式宴会。
Her dress was too showy for such a formal occasion.
在这么正式的场合她穿的衣服有点太花哨了。
知识拓展
informal adj. 非正式的
Though this is an informal call, he wears a format dress.
尽管这是一次非正式访问，他仍然穿着礼服。
The president will pay an informal visit to that country.
总统将对那个国家进行非正式访问。即学即用
语法填空
(1)I need something comfortable enough to travel in but ________ enough for the meeting room.
答案：formal　formal“正式的”。句意为：我要一些旅行时穿起来很舒服但是开会时也够正式的衣服。
(2)It's only a small ________(formal) party—you don't have to dress up.
答案：informal　informal“非正式的”，根据其后解释“... you don't have to dress up.”可知答案为informal。句意为：这不过是一个小型的非正式的聚会，你用不着刻意打扮。
7．threatening adj.恐吓的；具有威胁的
He made an admission that he had used threatening behavior.
他承认用了恐吓手段。知识拓展
(1)threaten vt. 威胁；恐吓
Tom's father threatened to beat him if he stole again.
汤姆的父亲威胁说如果他再偷东西就揍他。
(2)
threat n．[C，U]威胁，恐吓；前兆，征兆
His presence is a threat to our success.
他的出现对我们的成功是一个威胁。
There was a threat of typhoon.
有刮台风的征兆。即学即用
语法填空
David threatened ________(report) his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.
答案：to report　threaten后接动词不定式作宾语，threaten to do sth.意为“威胁要做某事”；report这一动作的执行者是David，故用不定式的主动式。句意为：戴维威胁说，他邻居如果不赔偿损失，他就要报案。
8．deal n.
(1)大量；很多
They spent a great deal of money.
他们花了大量的钱。
(2)协议；指交易
We did a deal with the management on overtime.
我们与资方在加班问题上达成了一项协议。 v. (dealt, dealt)
(1)(与with连用)对付；应付；解决；处理；涉及；关于
①How would you deal with an armed burglar?
遇到持有武器的盗贼，你将如何对付？
②This book deals with the ancient history of China.
这本书讨论中国古代史。
(2)(与with连用)与……有贸易往来；与……做买卖
I've dealt with this shop for 20 years.
我同这家商店做生意已经有20年了。
知识拓展
a good deal 许多
call it a deal[俚]就这样决定；一言为定
do/make a deal(with) (与……)做成一笔交易；(与……)达成协议
That's a deal.
就这么办，一言为定。辨析：deal with与do with
(1)deal with表示“处理；对待(人或事)”，常与how连用；作“与……交易”讲时，不可用于被动语态。
He knows well how to deal with children.
他很了解如何与孩子相处。
(2)do with表示“处理；对待”，多与what连用。
The new teacher didn't know what to do with the class.
那位新老师不知应该如何对待班里的学生。即学即用
语法填空
(1)With the world changing fast, we have something new________(deal) with all by ourselves every day.
答案：to deal　考查非谓语动词。因为逻辑上to deal和主语为主谓关系，因此本句用不定式作定语修饰something new。
(2)—This amount which I cannot go above is my last offer.
—OK, it is a ________.
答案：deal　it is a deal意为“一言为定；成交”。句意为：——这是我最后的出价，不能再高了。——好吧，成交。 9．involve vt.包括；涉及；使参与
①Greetings in Asian countries do not involve touching the other person, but they always involve the hands.
在亚洲国家，问候是不接触对方身体的，但经常会用到手。
②I was so involved in my book that I didn't hear your knock.
＝I was so involved in reading my book that I didn't hear your knock.
我全神贯注地看书，没听到你敲门。
③Don't involve me in your quarrel.
不要把我卷入你们的争吵。
知识拓展
(1)(构)involved adj. 有牵连的
involvement n. 参与；加入；插手
(2)get/be/become involved in 包含在……；与……有关；被卷入；专心地(做)
involve sb. in sth. 把某人卷入某事之中
be involved with 涉及；关注
即学即用
语法填空
(1)The job ________(involve) dealing with people working in different departments so it is not easy to do.
答案：involves　involve“包含，需要”。句意为：这项服务需要与在不同部门工作的人打交道，因此不容易做。
完成句子
(2)我们每个人做出的决定包含碰运气。
We each make decisions that ________ taking a chance.
(3)他们专心于工作。
They were ________ ________ working.
答案：(2)involves　(3)involved in
10．spread
vt.
(1)使伸展；使延伸
I spread my arms as far apart as I could.
我尽可能地将双臂伸展开。
(2)张开；展开；摊开
Mom spread a new table-cloth on the table.
妈妈在桌上铺了一块新桌布。
(3)撒；散布；传播；普及
She was told not to spread this secret around.
她被告知不要把这个秘密传出去。vi.
(1)伸展；延伸；延长(～out)
A wide stretch of land spreads in front of us.
我们面前是一片广阔的土地。
(2)传开；蔓延
The fire spread from the factory to the warehouse nearby.
火从工厂蔓延到了附近的仓库。
提示：spread表示“(消息、谣言、知识等的)传播”时，是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。
知识拓展
spread out 张开；伸开；铺开；扩大(张)；展开；伸长
spread over 遍布；覆盖
spread to 传到；波及；蔓延到辨析：spread与expand
The fire soon spread to the nearby buildings.
火势不久就波及了相邻的建筑。
Water expands when it freezes.
水结冰时会膨胀。
即学即用
语法填空
Papermaking began in China and from here it ________ to North Africa and Europe.
答案：spread　spread“传播；展开”。句意为：造纸起源于中国，并且从这里传播到北非和欧洲。1.not at all
这个短语有两个含义，要根据上下文来确定：
(1)一点也不，等于not in the least，这时not和at all可以隔开，not放在助动词后，而at all放在句末。
I don't know him at all.我根本就不认识他。
—Are you hungry? 你饿了吗？
—Not at all. 一点也不饿。
(2)用于回答thank you时，you're welcome和that's all right意思相同，意为“不用谢，别客气”。
—Thank you for your treatment! 谢谢你的款待！
—Not at all. 不客气。知识拓展
(1)at all用在肯定句中起强调作用，带有一些感彩，相当于on earth，有时可以不翻译，也可以译作“到底；竟然”。
①What have you done at all?
你到底做了些什么？
②I'm surprised at his passing the examination at all.
我奇怪他竟然通过了考试。
(2)not at all＝not in the least＝not a bit 一点也不；not a little＝very 非常
即学即用
语法填空
—Do you mind if I record your lecture?
—________. Go ahead.
答案：Not at all　考查交际用语。句意：——我录下你的讲座你介意吗？——一点也不(介意)，你录吧。not at all符合句意。
2．in the distance 在远处(但可以看到或听到)
We saw light in the distance.
我们看到远处有灯光。知识拓展
(1)at/from a distance 在远处/从不太近的地方
The detective followed him at a distance.
侦探远远的跟着他。
(2)keep one's distance from sb./sth. 与某人/某物保持一定距离
(3)distance n. 距离
distant adj. 远方的
distantly adv. 淡然地
即学即用
介词填空
You can't see the picture clearly ________ the distance. But you'll find it beautiful when you see it ________ a distance.
答案：in；at
3．think of 考虑；思考
①We are thinking of going to France.
我们考虑到法国去。
②I think of it as impossible.
我认为这是不可能的。
③What do you think of it?
你认为这件事怎么样？
知识拓展
think better of sb. 对某人有更高的评价
think highly of 看重；器重
think well of 认为……好
think little of 看轻；看不起
think poorly of 不放在眼里；轻视
think nothing of 轻视；认为无所谓；认为没什么了不起
即学即用
完成句子
I'm thinking________where to spend my holiday.
答案：about4．on guard 警觉；站岗
on＋名词构成的词组，此处on表示处于某种状态或某个方位。
on board乘(船，飞机)，on call听候召唤，on duty值班，on fire着火，on foot步行，on holiday 度假，on leave 休假，on sale 待售，on shore 在岸上，on time 准时，on the move 在进行中，on the other hand 另一方面，on the spot 当场，on the tip of one's tongue 快要说出口，on top of 在……的顶部，on watch 值班
即学即用
单句改错
We are on a guard until we feel safe.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：去掉a
5．in respect 尊敬地
He took off his hat and bowed to the queen in respect.
他摘下帽子向王后尊敬地鞠了一躬。知识拓展
(1)“in＋抽象名词”结构表示某种状态或方式，经常在句子中作状语。如：
in surprise/silence/astonishment/excitement/anger 吃惊/默默/大吃一惊/兴奋/生气地
(2)have/show respect for 对……表示尊敬
send/give one's respect to... 向……致候
give one's respects to... 代某人向……问好
Give my respects to your wife.
请代我向你太太问好。
链接：respectable adj. 相当好的；值得尊敬的；高尚的；体面的
respective adj. 分别的；各自的
respectful adj. 恭敬的；尊敬的
respecting prep. 关于
即学即用
语法填空
The two friends said goodbye and went to their________(respect) homes.
答案：respective　句意：这两个好朋友道别后就回了各自的家。6．hold up
(1)承受住；支撑住
She's holding up well under the pressure.
她承受住了压力。
(2)举起；抬起
The boy held up his right hand to ask a question.
男孩举起右手想问一个问题。
(3)延迟；阻碍
An accident is holding up traffic.
一场事故造成了交通阻塞。知识拓展
hold back 保留；抑制；自制
hold off 延迟；推迟；克服
hold out 维持；坚持
hold the line 别挂断电话
take/catch/get hold of sb./sth. 抓住；拿着
hold on 抓住……不放；依附；继续做某事；坚持；稍等(尤指不挂断电话以等待想找的人)即学即用
完成句子
(1)你能举起这块石头维持几分钟吗？
Can you ________ ________ the stone for some minutes?
语法填空
(2)I missed seeing my brother off at the airport because my car was held ________ in a traffic jam.
(3)Frank knew that if he did he could never hold ________ his head again.
答案：(1)hold up
(2)up　句意：我没有去飞机场给我的哥哥送行，因为我遇到了交通堵塞。hold up阻碍，使停顿。
(3)up　hold up举起，抬起；符合句意。7．give away暴露(自己的情况)；赠送；分发
①People give away much more by their gestures than by their words.
人们用姿势比用语言更能暴露自己的情况。
②He gave away all his fortune to the poor.
他把自己所有的财产都送给了穷人。
③They argued back and forth until finally Jack gave in.
他们反复争论，直到最后杰克让步为止。
④He plans to stay there until his money gives out.
他计划在那里待到钱花完为止。
⑤It is a pity to give up the job.
要放弃这份工作，真是遗憾。
知识拓展
give in 屈服；让步
give back 归还；报复
give up 放弃；停止；献出
give off 发出
give out 散发；颁发；宣布；用完
即学即用
(1)不要把国家机密泄露给敌人。
Don't ________ ________ any state secrets to the enemy.
用适当的介词或副词填空。
(2)They're giving ________ free glasses at the supermarket.
(3)Tom always gave ________ to his big brother.
(4)Please give my pen ________. I need it now.
(5)The apples give ________ a very sweet smell.
(6)Please help me give ________ these test papers.
(7)He gave ________ teaching only two years ago.
答案：(1)give away　(2)away　(3)in　(4)back　
(5)off　(6)out　(7)up1.Perhaps more than I think.也许比我想得要多。
more than的意义非常多，在许多情况下，它都失去了比较级的含义。
知识拓展
(1)表数量：多于
There are more than 60,000 students in our school.
我们学校有6万多名学生。
(2)不仅仅；远甚于；不只是
Hibernation is more than sleep. It is a deep sleep.
冬眠不仅仅是睡眠，它是一种深度睡眠。
(3)more than＝not only or very 不仅仅；不只；非常
Hearing the news, he was more than a little angry.
听了这个消息他非常生气。
(4)more...than...与其说……不如……；肯定前者，否定后者。
Lu Bu was more brave than wise.
吕布有勇无谋。辨析：no more than/not more than
(1)no more than：
①(表数量)仅仅；只有；强调“少”。
I have no more than 50 yuan in my pocket, so I can't lend any money to you.
我口袋里仅仅有50元钱，所以我不能借钱给你。
②仅仅；只是
Most of my classmates in college are still no more than small potatoes now, while our monitor is more than a famous professor, but he is also a young scientist of great achievements.
我的大多数大学同学现在仍然只是个小人物，而我们的班长现在不仅是个著名教授，而且是个颇有成就的年轻科学家了。③no＋adj./adv.的比较级＋than，表示对比较双方都否定，常译为：并不比……更……；和……一样不……。
My English is no better than his, so I can't help him.
我的英语并不比他好，所以我不能帮助他。
(2)not more than：
①(表数量)不超过；最多(客观地说明数量，不强调“少”)。
The boy who is fond of playing chess isn't more than 20 years old.
那个喜爱下棋的男孩最多20岁。
②not＋adj./adv.的比较级＋than，表示对比较双方程度的比较，不含否定意义，常译为：……不如……。
即学即用
语法填空
(1)It took more________ building supplies to construct these energy-saving houses. It took brains, too.
答案：than　考查短语。根据后句“也需要脑力。”可知要建设节能房屋不仅仅(more than)需要建筑材料。 (2)He is ________ a friend to me. He is in a way my English teacher.
答案：more than　句意：他不仅是我的朋友，他在某种程度上是我的英语老师。more than＋名词“不仅仅是，不只是”。
(3)—Oh, how fat he is!
—Ha, he is ________ short than fat.
答案：more　句意：——哦，他那么胖啊！——哈，他与其说是胖不如说是矮。考查more... than...“与其……不如……”。
2.When in Rome, Do as the Romans Do.
入乡随俗。
(1)as＝in the way that，作“像；按照”解，引导方式状语从句。
Remember, you must do everything as I do.
记住，你们必须按我所做的去做。
(2)When in Rome＝When you are in Rome
知识拓展
在有些时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，如果谓语包含有系动词be，主语又和主句的主语一致或主语是it，常可省略从句的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是系动词be)。这些省略的时间、条件、让步状语从句常由when, while, once, before, till/until, whenever, if, unless, though引导。
①She is shy and doesn't speak until(she is)spoken to.
她很腼腆，你若不跟她说话她是不会开口的。
②Come and give me a hand if(it is)possible.
可能的话请来帮我个忙。
③You can read it once again more slowly, using a dictionary when necessary.
你可以慢一点再读一遍，必要时可以查查字典。
④Though(he was)tired, he went on practising it.
虽然很疲劳，可他仍继续练习。
即学即用
语法填空
Every evening after dinner, if not ________(tire) from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.
答案：tired　本题考查动词的过去分词用法。此处tired是过去分词，相当于if I am not tired from work；句意为：若非工作劳累，每天晚饭后，我都会花时间去遛狗。3．Although these are very important, we communicate with more than just spoken and written words.
虽然单词与句子十分重要，但我们并不只是用口语和书面语进行交流。
该句型是although引导的让步状语从句。
①Though/Although the boy came back to life, yet he remained weak.
虽然那男孩已苏醒过来，但是他的身体还是很虚弱。②Though/Although I liked the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful view through the window.
虽然我喜欢这座房子的外貌，但是真正促使我买下它的是从窗户往外可以看到美丽的景色。
注意：though/although不能与but同时使用，但是可以与yet，still这些词使用。
Though they may not succeed, yet they will still try.
尽管他们可能不会成功，但是他们仍会努力尝试。知识拓展
(1)though除作连词外，还可作副词，一般放在句末，前面用逗号隔开。
I've a bit of headache. It's nothing serious, though.
我有点头痛，不过并不厉害。
(2)though还可与even连用，也可换成even if。
I'll go to see you this evening even though I can stay only a few minutes.
今晚我一定去看你，即使我只能呆一会儿。
辨析：although, though与as
三者都可以引导让步状语从句，但有如下区别：
(1)although置于句首，不用倒装语序。
(2)though引导的从句可置于句首，也可在句末。
(3)as引导让步状语从句时，通常用倒装语序。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
尽管他是个孩子，他却懂得很多。
即学即用
语法填空
(1)We had to wait half an hour________we had already booked a table.
答案：although　句意为“尽管我们已经预定了饭桌，但我们不得不等上半个小时”。although“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。
(2)________ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him.
答案：Although　本题考查连词的用法。Although在此引导让步性状语从句，与后文主句部分构成转折关系。句意为：虽然警察认为他是最有可能的嫌疑人，但是并没有直接证据，因而不能拘捕他。
4．Indeed, body positions are part of what we call“body language”．
事实上，身体姿势就是我们称为“身势语”的一部分。
what在这里是代词，有双重作用，既引导宾语从句又在宾语从句中作call的宾语，与body language一起构成复合宾语。 知识拓展
what用作连接代词，此时，what表示“所……的(事)或所……的(人)”，相当于“the thing(s)that...; all that...; everything that...; the person that...”等，可引导主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句(不可引导同位语从句)；它本身在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
Leave it with me and I'll see what I can do.
把它留给我，我看看该怎么办。(what引导宾语从句，并作do的宾语)What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
他在会上说的话使在座的每个人都很吃惊。
(what引导主语从句，并在从句中作宾语)
What is the most important in life isn't money.
生活中最重要的不是钱。(what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语)
He is not what he used to be.他已不是从前的他了。
(what引导表语从句，并在从句中作表语)辨析：what与that
what作代词相当于all that, everything that, the place that, the person等，不能引导定语从句。that引导定语从句。
①He did all(that)he could to help his mother.
他尽可能地帮他母亲。
②All(that)we need is a lot of time.
我们所需要的是充足的时间。
即学即用
语法填空
(1)As a new graduate，he doesn't know________it takes to start a business here.
答案：what　句意：作为一名新毕业生，他不知道创业需要什么。it take sth. to do sth.花费……干某事。本题考查宾语从句，且从句中缺少take的宾语，故用what。(2)I want to be liked and loved for________I am inside.
答案：what　句意：我想叫人们因为我的内在本质而喜欢我爱我。此题考查宾语从句的用法。what 此处表示“……的内容/事情”，相当于“the thing that”。
(3)________some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.
答案：What　句意：一些人认为是缺陷的东西在另一些人眼里却是长处。此题考查主语从句的用法。what 此处表示“……的东西/事物”，相当于“the thing(s) that”，引导主语从句，在主语从句中作regard 的宾语。
(4)We should respect food and think about the people who don't have __________we have here and treat food nicely.
答案：what　考查名词性从句。第一个have是及物动词，需加宾语；第二个have也缺少宾语，因此用what引导宾语从句，同时也在从句中作宾语，what相当于anything that。5．So every culture has developed a formal way to greet strangers, to show them we are not aggressive.
所以每一种文化都有了一种正规的方式来迎接陌生人，向他们表明我们并没有敌意。
(1)句中to greet strangers是动词不定式作定语，修饰way。
(2)way n．方式；手法；方法；可用于way to do sth.或way of doing sth.结构中。另外，way作先行词时，定语从句的关系词有三种形式，即that, in which或省略关系代词。
①This is the best way to solve the problem.
这是解决问题的最佳途径。
②I don't like the way(that/in which)he behaves.
我不喜欢他的行为举止。
即学即用
Can you tell me the way you think of________(work out) the problem?
答案：to work out　考查the way to do sth.在定语从句中的应用。you think of 作定语从句修饰the way, to work out the problem为不定式作定语修饰the way。Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He can ________(交流) with foreigners in English.
2．If you are ________(不知不觉的) of something，you don't know that it is happening.
3．He received a ________(恐吓的) letter yesterday.
4．You should get away from the ________(挑衅的) boys.
5．They often hold ________(非正式的) parties at the weekend.
6．The big fire ________(蔓延) very quickly because the wind was strong.7．Many ________(年轻人) took part in the activity held by the government.
8．He was only ________(稍微) injured in the accident.
9．Fashion ________(变化) from country to country.
10．He was ________(卷入，涉及) in great trouble because of careless driving.
答案：1.communicate　2.unconscious　3.threatening　4.aggressive　5.informal　6.spread　7.youths　8.slightly
9．varies　10.involvedⅡ.用合适的介词或副词填空
1．If you trust someone, you believe them and rely ________ them.
2．What should you do when you see a friend ________ the distance?
3．Body positions are part ________ what we call “body language”．
4．Even today, people still use their hands ________ a gesture ________ trust.
5．People are usually more formal ________ the people they don't know.
答案：1.on　2.in　3.of　4.as; of　5.withⅢ.根据所给汉语提示完成句子，每空一词
1．Don't mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may ________ ________(泄露) the shocking ending.
2．Entering the room, they ________ ________(握手)with each other and then sat down.
3．The plan for the new book is on ice at the moment. I've ________ ________ ________(忙于)too many other things.
4．The citizens were warned to be ________ ________(警戒) against a sudden night attack.5．The car company has ________ ________ ________(交易)with a Russian firm, which will supply engines in exchange for brakes.
6．They join their hands and bow their heads ________ ________(恭敬地)．
7．Please ________ ________ ________(问好) your mother for me.
8．She's ________ ________(支撑) well under the pressure.
9．I don't know how to ________ ________(处理)these important things.
10．The meeting ________ ________(开完), all of us went home.
答案：1.give away　2.shook hands　3.been busy with　4.on guard　5.made a deal　6.in respect　7.say hello to　8.holding up　9.deal with　10.being over
Ⅳ.语法填空
1．—I think being ________ of one's shortcomings helps one to make more progress.
—I can't agree more.
答案：conscious　句意为：——我认为意识到一个人的缺点有助于一个人取得更多进步。——我非常同意。be conscious of是固定短语，意为“意识到”。2．Social customs ________ greatly from one country to ________.
答案：vary; another　句意为：社会习俗从一个国家到另一个国家情况有很大不同。vary意为“变化”时，是不及物动词，from one country to another相当于from country to country，意为“从一个国家到另一个国家”。
3．She tried to stay calm on the stage，but her trembling voice gave________ her nervousness.
答案：away　句意为：在舞台上她努力保持镇静，但是她颤抖的声音暴露了她的紧张。give away意为“暴露”。4．—What ________(surprise) news! I never thought he would succeed.
—But he did pass the exam.
答案：surprising　句意为：——多让人吃惊的消息呀！我从没想到他会成功。——但他的确通过了考试。从句意可知surprising正确。
5．—Sorry，I have to hang________ now. It's time for work.
—OK，I'll call back later.
答案：up　句意为：——抱歉，我现在必须挂电话了，到上班时间了。——好，以后我再打过来。hang up意为“挂断电话”。6．All the children ________(involve) in the school play and they are very happy.
答案：are involved　句意为：校本剧涉及到所有的孩于，他们都很高兴。be involved in是固定词组， 意为“被卷入，涉及到”。
7．He tightly ________(shake) the famous pop star by the ________(hand)．
答案：shook; hand　句意为：他紧紧地握住那位著名歌手的手。shake sb.by the hand意为“和某人握手”，其中shake的过去式为shook。8．—I will lend my MP4 to you if you help me do the work.
—OK，it's a ________.
答案：deal　句意为：——如果你帮我做这项工作，我就把我的MP4借给你。——好，成交。it's a deal意为“成交”，表示同意做。
9．—What was the trouble with Jack the day before yesterday?
—When he practiced running on the playground, his strength gave________ and he fell onto the ground.
答案：out　答语意为：当他在操场上练习跑步时，力气耗尽，摔倒在操场上。give out意为“(体力)耗尽”符合题意。
10．When it became clear, she ________ the wet clothes on the grass to dry them in the sun.
答案：spread　句意为：当天放晴的时候，她把湿衣服伸展在草地上晒干。spread意为“伸开，展开”。Module 3　 第二课时
Ⅰ.填入适当的连词
1．动动脑筋，你会想出办法的。
________ you use your head, you'll find a way.
2．如果不努力学习的话，你就通不过考试了。
You will not pass the examination ________ you study hard.
3．只要你能够保持书的整洁，你就可以借。
________ you keep the book clean ，you may borrow it.
4．不管谁向她请教，她总是乐于助人。
________ asks for advice, she is always ready to help.
5．不论多么困难，我都要去做。
________ difficult it may be, I will do it.
6．虽然我很崇拜他，可我不能原谅他的错误。
Much ________ I admire him, I cannot excuse his faults.
7．虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。
________ it's raining, they are still working in the field.
8．玛丽是一个好姑娘，但她有一个缺点。
Mary is a nice girl, ________ she has one shortcoming.
9．我们不会放弃的，即使我们失败10次。
We won't give up________ we should fail ten times.
10．万一他给我电话，告诉他我会给他打回去。
________ he gives me a phone call, tell him that I will call him back.
答案：1.If　2.unless　3.As long as/On condition that　4.No matter who/whoever　5.No matter how/However　6.as/though　7.Although/Though　8.but　9.even if　10.In case
Ⅱ.根据要求完成句子
1．如果明天不下雨，我就和同学们去野餐。(翻译)
________________________________________________________________________
2．如果周日你去购物的话，我就去。(翻译)
________________________________________________________________________
3．Although she is young，she knows she must earn her living.(句型转换)
______________，she knows she must earn her living.
4．However strong you are ，you can't lift such a heavy stone.(句型转换)
________________，you can't lift such a heavy stone.
5．If you don't go shopping tomorrow，I will not，either.(句型转换)
I will not go shopping tomorrow________.
6．If she ________(finish)work early，she________(go)home.(时态填空)
7．I don't know if it________(rain)tomorrow.If it ________(rain)，we________(not go)to school.(时态填空)
8．If he is invited to the party，he will be very excited.(改成同义句)
________________，he will be very excited.
答案：1.If it doesn't rain tomorrow，I will have a picnic with my classmates.
2．I will go shopping on Sunday if you do.
3．Young as/though she is
4．No matter how strong your are
5．unless you do
6．finishes；will go
7．will rain；rains；will not go
8．Suppose that he is invited to the party
Ⅲ.语法填空
1．________she is young，she knows quite a lot.
答案：Although　句意：虽然她很年轻，却知道许多。although引导让步状语从句。
2．________she goes，there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
答案：Wherever　考查让步状语从句。句意：无论她走到哪里总有很多人等着看好。wherever无论哪里。
3．(2014·天水高一检测改编)Allow children the space to voice their opinions，________they are different from your own.
答案：even if　句意：允许孩子们有发言的空间，尽管他们的意见和你自己的有所不同。 even if尽管，符合题意。
4．I don't think Maria will be disappointed at the news，but I will see her________she is.
答案：in case　句意：我认为Maria听到这则消息不会失望，但是我还得去看看她以防万一。in case以防，以防万一。
5．________you've experienced it，you can't understand how I felt.
答案：Unless　句意：如果你没经历过，你就不会知道我的感受。unless＝if not如果不，引导条件状语从句。
6．________amusing the story is，I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.
答案：However　考查让步状语从句。句意：无论这个故事多么有趣，这周我也得把它放起来，把注意力集中到学习上。
7．It matters little who does it________it is done，for you see，we are short of hands now.
答案：as long as　从for后的原因状语从句可知，我们缺少人手，所以主句说的是“只做完就可以，是谁做的并不重要”，符合句意。
8．Many adults agree that teenagers shouldn't live alone________they have their parents' permission.
答案：unless　句意：许多大人一致认为除非有父母的允许，否则青少年不应该单独居住。unless除非，符合句意。
9．(2013·重庆高一检测)—Would you like to go fishing with me tomorrow?
—________(Provide)that you give me a lift in your car.
答案：Provided/Providing　句意：——你愿意明天和我一起去钓鱼吗？——如果你让我搭你车的话我就去。根据句意此处缺少一个引导条件状语从句的连词，provided/providing引导条件状语从句。本句省略了主句I would like to go fishing with you tomorrow。
10．Poor________he was in health，he persisted in doing the experiment.
答案：as/though　考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管身体不好，他仍然坚持做实验。as/though引导让步状语从句时，用部分倒装。
Ⅳ.完形填空
Facial expressions carry meanings that depend on situations and relationship. For instance, in American culture the smile is typically an expression of__1__. Yet it has other functions(作用). A smile may__2__love, politeness, or__3__true feeling. It is also a source of confusion(混乱)across__4__. __5__， many people in Russia__6__smiling at strangers in public to be unusual or even suspicious(怀疑). Yet many Americans__7__freely at strangers in public places. Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong__8__； some Americans believe that Russians don't smile enough. In Southeast Asian cultures, a smile is frequently used to cover emotional pain or mental difficulty, discomfort of anxiety.
Our faces make our emotions and attitudes known, __9__we should not try to“read”people from another culture__10__we would“read”someone from our own culture. The degree of facial expressiveness one shows changes__11__persons and cultures. The fact that members of one culture do not__12__their emotions as openly as members of__13__does not mean__14__they do not__15__emotions. Rather, their cultures__16__them expressing their emotions and attitudes freely.
If we__17__people whose__18__of showing emotion are not the same according to__19__own cultural patterns, we may make the__20__of“reading”the other persons incorrectly.
1．A.worried　　　　　 B．surprise
C．excitement D．pleasure
答案：D　smile表示好心情，美国也是如此。C项表示兴奋，不合逻辑。
2．A.show B．tell
C．sound D．seem
答案：A　这里是“显示出”的意思。微笑当然不能“告诉”或“听起来”，可排除B、C项。D项结构不合适。
3．A.cover B．explain
C．include D．suggest
答案：A　此处cover(＝cover up)，表示“掩盖；隐藏”的意思，符合语境。
4．A.countries B．cultures
C．nations D．oceans
答案：B　上文的American culture已经提供了信息。
5．A.In a word B．As a result
C．For example D．On the contrary
答案：C　根据语境判断，下文是举出例子作例证的，既非概括亦非作出反证，故排除其他选项。
6．A.keep B．enjoy
C．continue D．consider
答案：D　consider...to be...为固定搭配，意为“认为；考虑是”。
7．A.stare B．smile
C．look D．shout
答案：B　因这一段谈论的主要话题是smile。
8．A.direction B．manner
C．time D．place
答案：D　根据上文的in public可以推断出。意为“有些俄国人以为美国人笑的场合不对”。
9．A.and B．so
C．but D．or
答案：C　语意转折，这从下文的叙述可以推断出意为：“但是我们不应该按照我们自己的风俗习惯来判断来自其他文化的人们的面部表情。”
10．A.as B．though
C．unless D．since
答案：A　as引导方式状语从句。其他选项连词不能引导这种从句。
11．A.among B．into
C．between D．about
答案：A　degree意为“程度”，说明在人与人、文化与文化之间面部微笑的不同程度是变化的，并不是只在两者之间，不能用between，B、D更是说不通。
12．A.find B．form
C．express D．control
答案：C　表达自己的感情，而不是发现、形成或控制自己的情绪。
13．A.the others B．others
C．the other D．another
答案：D　another与前文的“one culture”中的one对应，表示“另一个文化习俗”，“不同的文化习俗”。
14．A.whether B．that
C．if D．why
答案：B　后面是一个宾语从句，且是陈述语气，故用that引导。
15．A.experience B．use
C．bring D．carry
答案：A　对感情以面部微笑形式的流露，是一种体验(experience)，不会是use, bring, carry。
16．A.feel B．keep
C．prevent D．make
答案：C　prevent...(from)doing sth.结构的用法。使用keep语境不对。
17．A.think B．observe
C．judge D．watch
答案：C　从下文的not the same...处incorrectly信息可判断出应用judge。
18．A.hopes B．ways
C．thoughts D．means
答案：B　表达感情的是“方式，方法”。
19．A.your B．their
C．one's D．our
答案：D　从句子的主语we即可明显地作出判断。
20．A.answer B．mistake
C．promise D．use
答案：B　incorrectly即是作出选择的依据。
Ⅵ.阅读理解
We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions and to communicate with other people. We can learn a lot about what a person is thinking by watching his or her body language. Words are important, but the way a person stands, folds his or her arms, or moves his or her hands can also give us information about his or her feelings.
Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. Making eye contact—looking directly into someone's eyes—is in some countries a way to show interest. In other countries, however, eye contact is rude or disrespectful. The gesture for OK, making a circle with one's thumb and index finger, has different meanings in different cultures. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money. In France, a person seeing the same gesture will think it means zero. In Brazil and Germany, however, the gesture is rude. The thumbs-up gesture, meaning“great”or“good job”in the US, is rude in Nigeria, but in Germany and Japan it means the number one. The“crazy”gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means“you have a phone call”in Brazil.
Even the gestures we use for“yes”and“no”are different around the world. In many countries, shaking one's head means“no”， and Iran, however, the gesture have the opposite meaning. There are also differences as to how often we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part. In some countries, for example France and Russia, a visiting friend is greeted each other with a firm handshake, a loving hug, a bow or simply a nod of the head.
While there are many different interpretations of our body languages, some gestures seem to be universal. Pressing one's palms together and resting one's head on the back of one's hand while closing the eyes as if sleeping means“I am tired.”A good way of saying“I am full.”is moving the hand in circles over the stomach after a meal. If a person pats his or her stomach before a meal, it usually means“I am hungry.”
Perhaps the best example of universally understood body language is the smile. A smile can open doors and tear down walls. In can be used to express almost any emotion. We can use a smile to apologize, to greet someone, to ask for help or to start a conversation. We can smile at ourselves in the mirror to make ourselves feel happier and stronger. And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than to see the smiling face of a good friend.
1．In which two countries does the thumbs-up gesture mean the same thing?
A．In the US and Nigeria.
B．In Japan and Germany.
C．In Nigeria and Germany.
D．In Japan and Brazil.
答案：B　第二段最后一部分内容。
2．Which of the following can serve as the topic sentence of the passage?
A．Body language differs from cultures to culture.
B．People send messages not only by words.
C．Body language is important in our daily life.
D．Smile plays an important part in our life.
答案：A　纵观全文，介绍了不同的肢体语言在不同的国家表达不同的意义。
3．It can be learned that body language________.
A．always takes place when we're talking
B．can help us to read a person's mind
C．is always necessary in communicating
D．can't mean the same in different cultures
答案：B　文章告诉我们不同的肢体语言表达不同的含义，要是了解的话，肯定能有助于交流。
Ⅳ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
How often one hears children wishing they were grown-ups, and old people wishing young again. Each age has__1__pleasures and pains, and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time in__2__(use) regrets.
Childhood is a time__3__there are few responsibilities to make life difficult. If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked__4__and loved, whatever he may do. It is impossible that he will ever again in his life__5__(give) so much without having to do anything__6__return. But a child has his pains: he is not so free to do what he wishes to; he is__7__(repeat) being told not to do something, or being punished for what he has done.
When a young man starts to make his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes, and his room, but has to work hard if he wants to live comfortably. If he spends most of his time__8__(play) about in the way that he used to as a child, he will go hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society__9__he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison. If，__10__he works hard, keeps out of troubles and has good health, he can have the great happiness of building up for himself his own position in society.
1．______　2.______　3.______　4.______　5.______
6．______　7.______　8.______　9.______　10.______
答案：
1．its/both　此处可以用its修饰后面的两个名词，也可以用both连接后面的两个名词。
2．useless　后面的regrets是名词，应该用形容词形式来修饰。
3．when　when引导定语从句，修饰a time。
4．after　look after是动词短语，意为“照顾，照料”。
5．be given　主语he与give之间存在被动关系，所以用被动语态。
6．in　in return是固定短语，意为“作为回报”。
7．repeatedly　此处应该用副词形式修饰谓语动词。
8．playing　spend some time(in)doing sth句型。
9．as　as在此处引导方式状语从句，意为“以……的方式，如同……那样”。
10．however　上下文之间存在语义上的转折关系，所以用副词however。
【辽宁卷题型】
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
When I was growing up, I do not recall hearing the words “I love you” from my father. When your father never says__1__to you when you are a child, it gets tougher and tougher for him__2__(say) those words as he gets__3__(old). To tell the truth, I could not honestly remember__4__I had last said those words to him, either. I decided to set my ego (自我)aside and make the first move.__5__some hesitation, in our next phone conversation I blurted out (突然说出) the words, “Dad...I love you！”
There was a silence at the__6__end and he__7__(awkward) replied, “Well, same back at you！”
I laughed and said, “Dad, I know you love me, and when you are ready, I know you__8__(say) what you want to say.”
A few weeks later, Dad concluded our phone conversation__9__the words, “Paul, I love you.” I was at work during this conversation and the tears were rolling down my cheeks__10__I finally “heard” the love. As we both sat there in tears we realized that this special moment had taken our father－son relationship to a new level.
1．______　2.______　3.______　4.______　5.______
6．______　7.______　8.______　9.______　10.______
答案：
1．them　代词them指代的是the words“I love you”words为复数，所以用them。
2．to say　动词不定式做真正的主语，it为形式主语。
3．older　年龄应该是越来越老，所以用比较级。
4．when　when引导宾语从句，并在从句中做时间状语。
5．After　犹豫一阵后说出口，所以填after。
6．other　父亲在电话的另一端。
7．awkwardly　要用副词修饰谓语动词replied。
8．will say　时间状语从句使用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。
9．with　介词with在此处意为“用”。
10．as/because　as/because引导原因状语从句。
课件95张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 · 必修4 Body Language and Non-verbal CommunicationModule 31.1.1　集合的概念第二课时　Grammar1.1.1　集合的概念Module 3根据汉语完成句子
①________ ________ ________ you're happy，it doesn' matter what you do.
只要你高兴，你干什么都无所谓。
②He said he would come to the meeting________ ________ ________no one asked him to speak.
他说他将出席这个会议，条件是不要让他发言。
③Suppose/Supposing/Providing/Provided/Given(that)it________，________we continue the sports meeting?
倘若下雨，我们的运动会还要继续举行吗？④________ ________I forget，please remind me about it.
万一我忘记了，请提醒我一下。
⑤________he was worn out，(still)he kept on working.
虽然他已经精疲力竭，但仍然继续工作。
⑥He seemed youthful ________ ________he was an old man.
尽管他已经是老年人，但看上去仍然是朝气蓬勃的。
⑦________ ________ ________you are，you must keep the law.(＝Whoever you are，you must keep the law.)
不管你是谁，都要遵纪守法。
⑧You'll have to attend the ceremony________you're free________busy.
不管你忙不忙，都要参加这个典礼。
答案：①So/As long as 　②on condition that　③rains；will　④In case　⑤Although/though　⑥even though/if　⑦No matter who　⑧whether；or1.stare vi.凝视；盯着看
She was staring into the distance.
她凝视着远方。
The man in the corner was staring at the young lady with a bag.
在拐角处的那位男士一直盯着拿包的那位年轻女士。
知识拓展
相关短语：stare at盯着看；凝视
He stared at the girl, trying to remember who she was.
他盯着这个女孩，努力想记起她是谁。辨析：stare, look, see, watch, glare与observeI screamed and everyone stared at me.
我尖叫了一声，大家都盯着我看。
Just look at this beautiful present.
快来看看这件漂亮的礼物。
We sat there watching basketball.
我们坐在那里看篮球比赛。
They stood there, glaring at each other.
他们站在那里，互相怒视着对方。
The boy likes to observe the behaviour of birds.
那个男孩喜欢观察鸟类的行为。即学即用
(1)用适当的词填空
①I________blankly at the paper in front of me.
②She________at me and said，“I hate you”．
③After a quick________at the patient，the doctor rang for an ambulance.
④He________about as if he was in search of something.
⑤They didn't fight，but stood there________at one another.
答案：①stared　②glared　③glance　④glanced
⑤glaring
(2)语法填空
He sat there，________(stare)into space，playing with a piece of bread.
答案：staring　句意：他坐在那儿，眼睛盯着空间，玩弄着一片面包。此句表达“他”无所事事的表情，“眼睛”盯着某个地方发呆，所以用stare的适当形式。
2．wipe vt. 擦；抹；揩
He kept on wiping his eyes with the back of his hand.
他不停地用手背擦眼睛。
He wiped his glasses clean with a piece of cloth.
他用一块布把眼镜擦干净了。
I wiped my shoes on the mat before I came in.
我在进门前把鞋在垫子上擦了擦。知识拓展
wipe构成的常用搭配：
wipe...away擦净；擦掉
She wiped her tears away.
她擦掉了眼泪。
wipe...from/off...擦净；擦掉
The teacher asked Tom to wipe the writing from the blackboard.
老师让汤姆把黑板上的字擦掉。
wipe out除去；彻底消灭
You should wipe out your unpleasant memory.
你应该抹掉那些令人不快的记忆。
They wiped out the whole army.
他们歼灭了全军。即学即用
语法填空
(1)You'd better wipe________ the milk on the floor before someone slips in it.
答案：up　wipe up“把……擦干净”。句意为：你最好把地板上的牛奶擦干净，以免别人滑倒。
(2)—Can you wipe________ those letters on the edge of the page by correction fluid?
—No problem.
答案：off　句意为：——你能用涂改液涂去这一页边上的那些字母吗？——没问题。
3．host n. [C]主人；主办(国/城市/机构)
At the end of the party, we said“thank you” to our host and went away.
聚会结束时，我们向主人说了“谢谢”之后就离开了。知识拓展
(1)host vt.主办
Which country will host the next World Cup?
哪个国家将主办下一届世界杯？
They hosted a wonderful party.
他们主办了一场很棒的晚会。
(2)hostess n．[C]女主人
The hostess brought us out a pot full of steaming coffee.
女主人给我们端出一满壶热气腾腾的咖啡。
(3)-ess附在名词后面表示阴性：
Host 男主人 hostess 女主人
waiter 男侍者 waitress 女侍者
actor 男演员 actress 女演员
steward 男乘务员 stewardess 女乘务员
即学即用
语法填空
The global ________ of the 2010 World Environment Day celebration was Rwanda.
答案：host　考查名词。host“主人，主办(国/城市/机构)”。句意为：2010年世界环境日庆祝活动的全球主办国是卢旺达。 4．panic v．& n. 恐慌；惊慌
The gunfire panicked the horse.
枪声惊吓了马。
He panicked and ran as fast as he could to safety.
他很惊慌，赶快跑到安全的地方。
The fire caused a panic in the city.
大火使全城的人惊慌失措。
The audience were thrown into a panic when the fire started.
火灾发生时，观众顿时陷入一片慌乱之中。知识拓展
(1)panic构成的常用短语：panic sb. into doing sth.使某人(因惊惶)仓促做某事
The banks were panicked into selling sterling.
银行因恐慌而抛售英国货币。
get into a panic 陷入惊慌
She got into a panic when she thought she'd forgotten the tickets.
她想起忘记带入场券了，顿时惊慌起来。
(2)panic的过去式、过去分词、现在分词都要把c变为ck再加-ed或-ing。即：panic(惊慌)→panicked，panicked，panicking。类似的词还有：
picnic(野餐)→picnicked，picnicked, picnicking
traffic(买卖)→trafficked, trafficked, trafficking
即学即用
“Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire！” the mother shouted, with ________ clearly in her voice.
答案：panic　考查名词。panic“惊慌，惊恐”。句意：“汤米，快跑，房子着火了！”母亲大声喊着，声音中透着明显的惊慌。5．invitation n．[C]请柬； [U]邀请
We had three invitations to parties.
我们收到了三份晚会请柬。
Thank you for your kind invitation.
谢谢你的盛情邀请。
He made a refusal of her invitation.
他拒绝了她的邀请。知识拓展
(1)invite vt.邀请
We invited all our relatives to the wedding.
我们邀请了所有的亲戚来参加婚礼。
—Are you coming to the party?
——你来参加聚会吗？
—No, I haven't been invited.
——不，我没有得到邀请。
(2)at the invitation of sb. 应某人的邀请。
At the invitation of a friend, he first came to Shenzhen last spring.
应朋友之邀，去年春天他第一次去深圳。即学即用
(1)—Did you get a(n)________ (invite)to the party?
—Yes, I replied to it this morning.
答案：invitation　invitation“请柬；邀请”，根据句意用invitation，注意空后的to the party和答语“I replied to it this morning.”。
(2)We're planning to send out a thousand invitations ________ Expo volunteers.
答案：to　send out invitations to sb. 意为“向某人发请柬”。句意为：我们计划向世博会志愿者发放1000份请柬。
6．request vt.& n．[C]请求；要求
Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
参观者被要求不要触摸展示品。
They shall give your request careful consideration.
他们将仔细考虑你的要求。
知识拓展
request sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事
request sth. from/ of sb. 请求某人做某事
at sb.'s request(＝at the request of sb.)应某人的要求
on request一经请求注意：request只可接一个宾语，在request that...及It is requested that...结构中，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词要用“(should＋)动词原形”的形式。有类似用法的动词可以用以下方法来记忆：
一个“坚持(insist)”，
两个“命令(order, command)”，
三个“建议(suggest, propose, advise)”
四个“要求(demand, require, request, ask)” 。辨析：request, ask, demand与requireYou are requested not to smoke in the restaurant.
请不要在餐馆里吸烟。
She asked(me) if I would drive her home.
她请求我开车送她回家。
The workers are demanding better pay.
工人们要求提高工资。
The doctor required the daughter stay with her mother in the hospital.
医生要求女儿陪母亲待在医院里。即学即用
(1)Don't respond to any e-mails ________ (request)personal information, no matter how official they look.
答案：requesting　request后接名词，意为“要求……”此处用其现在分词作定语。句意为：不要回复任何要求得到个人信息的电子邮件，无论它们看上去多么正式。
(2)He put in a special ________ for an extra day's holiday so that he could attend his daughter's wedding.
答案：request　request“请求”，put in a request for意为“提出请求”，符合题意。句意为：他特别请求增加一天的假期，以便他能够参加女儿的婚礼。
(3)She requested that her decision ________ (not tell)to anyone until next meeting.
答案：not be told　request后接宾语从句时，从句的谓语动词要用“should＋动词原形”的形式，should可以省略。此处her decision和tell之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。完成句子
(4)请全体俱乐部会员出席会议。
All club members______ _______ _______attend the meeting.
(5)我请他早一小时来。
I requested that he________ an hour earlier.
(6)详细资料承索即寄。
Further details will be sent________ ________.
(7)他按照经理的要求到了那里。
He was there_______ _______ _______ _______his manager.
答案：(4)are requested to　(5)come　(6)on request　(7)at the request of
7．favour n．好意，善意的行为，恩惠，偏袒v. 支持，喜爱；偏爱，偏袒
I have enjoyed many favours at your hands.
我已得到你很多关照。
The treaty seems to favour the US.
这个条约似乎偏向美国。知识拓展
ask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙；照顾
do a favour for sb.＝do sb. a favour 给某人恩惠；帮某人忙
in favour/out of favour 得(失)宠的；(不)流行的
be in favour of同意；支持
in sb's favour 对某人有利
I am in favour of you. Please try again.
我支持你，请再试一次。即学即用
完成句子
(1)每个人都赞成汤姆的计划。
Everyone is ________ ________ ________ Tom's proposal.
(2)请他帮个忙好吗？
Can I __________ __________ ________ ________ ________？
(3)他决定放宽规定以有利于玛丽。
He was willing to bend the rules ________ ________ ________.
(4)今年流行的有可能明年就过时了。
A fashion ________ ________ this year may be ________ ________ ________ next year.
答案：(1)in favour of　(2)ask a favour of him　(3)in Mary's favour　(4)in favour; out of favour
1.lift up (被)提起；举起；抬高；吊起
I lifted the lid of the box up and peered in.
我掀起箱盖往里看。
知识拓展
not lift/raise a finger/hand(to do sth.) 一点忙也不帮；油瓶倒了都不扶
lift off 发射；起飞；升空辨析：raise, rise与lift up
(1)raise是及物动词，“使……上升”。
(2)rise是不及物动词，“升起；上升；起立”。
①Prices have been raised up.
价格被提高了。
②Prices rose gradually.
价格逐渐地涨上去了。
(3)lift up 举起；提起；使振奋；鼓舞
Lift it up to the table.
把它抬到桌子上。
即学即用
语法填空
When I told him to make an apology, he lifted________his eyebrows and said, “Apologize? Why？”
答案：up　lift up one's eyebrows意为：扬起眉毛。2．take off
(1)脱掉(衣服等)
(2)大受欢迎；极为成功
(3)起飞
(4)休假
①Take your coat off and sit down.
把外套脱掉坐下吧。
②I forgot to take off my make-up last night.
昨天我忘了卸妆。
③Sales of home cars have taken off recent years.
私家车的销售量近年来上升很快。④I hear the business is really taking off.
我听说生意真的要兴隆了。
⑤The plane took off despite the fog.
尽管有雾飞机仍照常起飞。
⑥I'm taking Thursday off to do some New Year shopping.
我星期四休假去买一些新年礼物。
⑦He took off for the bus station at a run.
他匆忙向汽车站跑去。
⑧Susan took off without saying goodbye.
苏珊没有道别就突然离开了。链接：
take apart 拆卸；拆开
take away 减去
take back 收回
take in 收容(养)；欺骗
take over 接管；接收
take up 从事；占据
即学即用
语法填空
We tried to find a table for seven，but they were all________(take up)．
答案：taken up　考查了动词短语。句意为“我们尽力想找一张供七个人用的桌子，但他们全部都被占了”。take up意为“占去；占用”，由句意可知用被动语态。
3．by accident 偶然；无意中
We met each other again completely by accident.
我们再次相遇，完全出于偶然。知识拓展
have an accident 遭受意外
meet with an accident 遭不测；失事
without accident 平安无恙地
by chance 偶然地；意外地
注意：deliberately adv. 故意地
on purpose 故意地
I came here on purpose to see you.
我特地来这里看你。
即学即用
语法填空
We hadn't planned to meet. We met only ________accident.
答案：by　句意：我们本没有计划见面的。我们只是偶然相遇的。by accident“偶然，无意中”。1.In France you should shake hands every time you say hello and goodbye.
在法国，每次见面与分手的时候都要握手。
(1)should表示建议、劝告。
①We should wait for him for a while.
我们应该等他一会儿。
②You shouldn't write with a pencil in your paper.
你不应该用铅笔在试卷上写字。
(2)every time“每次”，在此处用作连词，引导时间状语从句。知识拓展
类似的名词性从属连词还有：
each time 每次
the first time 第一次
next time 下次
the last time 上次
by the time 到……时候
the moment/minute/second 一……就……
①Every/Each time I saw him, I found him to be taller.
我每次遇见他，都觉得他又长高了。
②The last/first time I went to China, I visited Shanghai.
我上次/第一次到中国时，游览了上海。
③Bring your little sister along next time you come here.
下次来这儿时，把你的小妹妹也带来。
即学即用
语法填空
—My cat's really fat.
—You________have given her so much food.
答案：shouldn't　本题考查情态动词。句意为“我的猫真胖。”“你本不应该给它那么多食物。”shouldn't have done sth.“本不应该做某事(暗含实际上却做了)”。2.Mr. and Mrs. Harry Blunkett request the pleasure of your company at the wedding of their daughter Elizabeth Ann Blunkett to Mr. Jack Humphries, at St David's Church, Landrindod Wells on Saturday March 5th at 17?00, followed by a dinner dance at the Hotel Metropole.
哈里·布伦基特夫妇邀请你参加他们的女儿安·伊丽莎白·布伦基特与杰克·汉弗莱斯的婚礼。婚礼定于3月5号星期三在位于 Landrindod Wells 的圣·大卫教堂举行。婚礼过后在Metropole旅馆将有一个晚餐舞会。
本句虽然很长，仍然是一个简单句。句中第二个of后的内容作wedding的定语，说明是谁的婚礼，followed by a dinner dance at the Hotel Metropole作wedding的非限制性定语。
其中company这里意思是“陪伴”的意思，而不是“公司”。固定搭配in company with sb.的意思是“和某人一起”。
I enjoy Tom's company(I enjoy being with Tom)．
我喜欢和汤姆在一起。
知识拓展
(1)in company with sb. 和某人在一起
keep sb. company 陪伴某人；给某人作伴
(2)companion n. 同事，伙伴；(成套成对物件)之一
(3)accompany v. 陪伴，伴随；和……一起发生，伴奏
即学即用
语法填空
I used to have a ________ to that vase, but I broke it.
答案：companion　句意：那个花瓶我过去曾有一对，但我打坏了一个。companion“(成套成对物件)之 一”，符合句意。表解语法助记表解语法助记
表一：条件状语从句表二：条件状语从句的省略表三：让步状语从句即学即用
语法填空
(1)Try ________ she might, Sue couldn't get the door open.
答案：as/though　考查倒装语序。as/though引导让步状语从句时使用倒装结构。句意：尽管苏尝试了，但她还是无法把门打开。
(2)It was a nice meal, ________ a little expensive.
答案：though　考查连词。句意：那是一顿不错的饭，尽管有点贵。 though“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，该句是省略句，补全后为“though it was a little expensive”。
(3)________ all of them are strong candidates，only one will be chosen for the post.
答案：While/Although　考查状语从句。句意：虽然他们都是实力很强的求职者，但只有一个人将被选出来担任这个职位。while/Athough在此处引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”。
(4)Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon，or ________ (when)it is convenient to you.
答案：whenever　考查whenever，however等引导的让步状语从句。句意：下午请给我的秘书打电话安排会议，或者其他对你来说比较方便的时间也可以。根据题中的时间状语可知，这里强调的是时间，所以答案为whenever，意思是“无论何时，任何时候”。 (5)To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off ________ we are to shake hands with.
答案：whoever　考查让步状语从句。句意：为了表示我们对他人的尊重，通常情况下，无论与谁握手，我们都要摘掉手套。根据句意可知用whoever“无论是谁”。
(6)Frank insisted that he was not asleep ________ I had great difficulty in waking him up.
答案：although　考查连词。 句意：尽管我费了好大劲才将他叫醒，但弗兰克坚持说他没有睡熟。although“虽然，尽管”。 (7)________ volleyball is her main focus，she's also great at basketball.
答案：While/Although　考查连词。while/although“虽然，尽管”。句意：虽然排球是她的专项，她篮球打得也不错。
(8)________ regular exercise is very important，it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
答案：Although/while　考查状语从句。第一个句子在说经常锻炼的好处，第二个句子则说快要睡觉时锻炼是不好的，由此可知二者之间存在转折或让步关系。although/while“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。句意：虽然经常锻炼是很重要的，但是快到睡觉的时间锻炼绝不是一个好主意。 (9)John thinks it won't be long ________ he is ready for his new job.
答案：when　考查状语从句。句意：约翰认为不久他就会为新工作做好准备。It will be/was＋一段时间＋before...“多久之后就/才……”，是固定句型。
(10)Tim is in good shape physically ________ he doesn't get much exercise.
答案：even though/if　考查状语从句。even though/if“尽管，即使”；分句前后是让步转折关系。句意为：尽管蒂姆没有进行过多的体育锻炼，但他体形很好。 (11)The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, ________ accompanied by an adult.
答案：unless　考查状语从句。句意为：学校制度规定除非有成人陪同，否则孩子们在白天不允许出校门。unless“除非”。
(12)(北京高考改编)—Look at those clouds!
—Don't worry. ________ it rains, we'll still have a great time.
答案：Even if/though　本题考查状语从句。 句意：——看看那些乌云！——不用担心，即使下雨我们也会玩的很快乐。even if/though“即使”，符合句意。 (13)(福建高考改编)It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties________ it gets more financial support from the European Union.
答案：unless　本题考查连词的用法。句意：对希腊政府来说，如果从欧盟得不到更多的财政支援，很难克服目前的困难。unless引导条件状语从句，符合题意。
(14)(湖南高考改编)________ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.
答案：While/Although　考查状语从句。句意：虽然我一直认为我能通过考试，但我从没想过我会得A。while/although“虽然”符合句意。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．To my deep regret, I can't accept your i________.
2．I went to the dinner party at her r________.
3．I am in f________ of starting work at once.
4．It's bad manners to s________ at a stranger in amazement.
5．Have you got a cloth that you can ________(擦) the floor with?
6．Please write your name, address and telephone number on the ________(空白)page.
7．When the result of the contest was announced, they ________(拥抱) each other for the success.
答案：1.invitation　2.request　3.favour　4.stare　5.wipe　6.blank　7.huggedⅡ.完成句子
1．警察无意中找到了失踪的孩子。
The police found the lost child ________ ________.
2．那位乘客提起行李箱，匆匆下了汽车。
The passenger ________ ________ his case and got off the bus in a hurry.
3．霍金先生非常担心他的儿子，他在手术室外走来走去。
Mr Hawking was anxious about his son and walked ________ ________ ________outside the operating room.
4．船长站起来说：“让我们为友谊干杯！”
The captain stood up and said, “Let's ________ ________ ________ to our friendship！”
5．打开灯，你会发现桌上有本词典。
________ ________ the light and you'll find the dictionary.
答案：1.by accident　2.lifted up　3.up and down　4.make a toast　5.Switch on
Ⅲ.语法填空
1．I wrote them a letter, officially ________ (request)permission to go on.
答案：requesting　句意：我写信给他们，正式请求允许我继续进行。request“请求”，由题意知用现在分词作状语。
2．We hope you can be back ________ accident next year.
答案：without　句意：我们都希望明年你能平安无恙地回来。without accident“安然无恙地”。3．He who keeps ________ with a wolf will learn to howl. So I advise you not to make friends with such bad and lazy boys.
答案：company　句意：近墨者黑，因此我建议你不要和这么坏的懒惰的男孩交朋友。keep company with ...“和……交往/结交”。
4．The government is trying to wipe________ the drug dealing in the southern part of the country.
答案：out　句意：政府正尽力消灭南部地区的毒品生意。wipe out“去掉，消灭，消除”。5．—Do you think Jack is to blame?
—Yes, it was very rude ________ him to throw facial paper to the guests at table.
答案：of　句意：——你认为杰克该责备吗？——是的，吃饭的时候向客人扔面巾纸是非常不礼貌的。考查It's＋adj.＋of/for sb. to do sth.此处可以说“sb.is rude ”，故用of。
6．Bread and butter ________ (serve)for breakfast in many Chinese homes nowadays.
答案：is served　句意：现在许多中国家庭把奶油面包当作早餐。bread and butter“奶油面包”，视为单数。serve作及物动词，其被动结构表示“被用作”。7．She got into a(n) ________ when she thought she'd forgotten to do her homework.
答案：panic　句意：她想起忘做作业，顿时惊慌起来。panic“恐慌，惊慌”，get into a panic“陷入惊慌中”；符合题意。
8．—I'm going to join them in the play.
—________.
答案：Have fun　考查交际用语。have fun＝have a good/great time“过得愉快”符合题意。9．My parents don't mind what job I do ________ I am happy.
答案：as long as　句意：只要我高兴，我父母不介意我做什么工作。根据题干意思可知此处是条件状语从句，as long as“只要”。
10．You are certain to realize your dream ________condition that you make great efforts and lay emphasis on improvements in efficiency.
答案：on　句意：你当然能实现梦想，只要你努力并把重点放在提高效率上。on condition that“在……条件下”。Module 3　 第三课时
Ⅰ.根据汉语提示写出单词
1．Mr. Smith made a________(请求) that I should help him.
2．Her________(社会的) life got in the way of her study.
3．He enjoyed the situation and wanted to ________(延长) it.
4．His speech won the________(掌声)of the audience.
5．Some young people still like________(古典的)music.
6．Touch your toes without________(弯下)your knees.
7．All three children have________(平等) in our family.
8．She________(紧抱) the baby in her arms and ran out.
9．It is not polite to________(盯着看)at a person.
10．Let's drink a ________(干杯)to our friendship.
答案：1.request　2.social　3.prolong　4.applause　5.classical　6.bending　7.equality　8.hugged　9.stare　10.toast
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．He came to my house to________________(向我问好)．
2．Can you______________(举起) the big stone without any help?
3．Let's______________(干杯)to your good health!
4．I____________(弯下腰去拾)the book from the ground.
5．Have you__________________(接到邀请) to his wedding party?
6．Her giggles______________________(很的感染力) and soon we laughed.
7．What__________________(到底) are you doing?
8．We are____________________(与……竞争) four companies for the contract.
9．When the earthquake takes place suddenly, people usually____________________(陷入恐慌)。
10．Can you________________(帮我一个忙) and take my things upstairs?
11．Let's________________(打开) the radio and get some morning news!
12. When the bell rang for the end of the exam my mind______________(一片空白)．
答案：1.say hello to me　2.lift up　3.have a toast　4.bent to pick up　5.received the invitation　6.were quite infectious 7．on earth　8.in competition with　9.go into a panic 10．do me a favour　11.switch on　12.went blank
Ⅲ.语法填空
1．(2014·孝感高一检测改编)Success in life doesn't happen by________.It's the result of devoting your time and energy to what you've set out to do.
答案：accident　句意：生活中的成功不是偶然的，它是你全身心把你的时间和精力投入到你做的事情中的结果。by accident偶然地。符合句意。
2．All the students were in________of my suggestion that we should go for a picnic the next week.
答案：favou　句意：所有的学生都同意我提出的下周去野炊的建议。in favour of支持，赞同，符合题意。
3．________difficult the task may be ，we must finish it on time，because we can't meet such a precious opportunity________we have expected.
答案：However；as　句意：无论这个工作有多困难，我们必须如期完成，因为我们不可能再遇到正如我们所期望的这样的好机会了。第一个空格后面有形容词，however＝no matter how修饰形容词difficult，而在定语从句中先行词有such修饰，关系词用as。
4．The shop assistant just switched ________when I spoke to him.
答案：off　句意：当我和店员讲话时，他就是不理睬我。switch off关闭，对……不理睬，符合题意。
5．The students competed________the honor of winning________each other________the school sports meeting.
答案：for；against；in　句意：这些学生在校运动会上为了赢得荣誉而相互竞争。compete for...为……而竞争；win against打败。
6．(2014·鹤岗高一检测改编)He is believed to be one of the best________ (live)composers.Although old，he is very much________(live)and he can give a ________(live)description of what happened.
答案：living；alive；lively　句意：他是当今最好的作曲家之一。尽管上了年纪，但他非常有活力，并且他对于发生的事情能描述得活灵活现。living活着的，作前置定语，可修饰人也可修饰物；alive活着的，有活力的，常作表语，作定语时必须后置；lively活泼的，活跃的，充满生气的。
7．My father walked up________down in the room，looking as if he was thinking over something.
答案：and　句意：父亲在房间里走来走去，好像在思考着什么。up and down 来来回回，上上下下。
8．Without Sir Tim，the father of WWW，keeping up with the latest________(not be)so convenient.
答案：wouldn't be　句意：要不是因为万维网之父蒂姆爵士，我们没法这么便利地与时俱进。Without Sir Tim是含蓄虚拟条件句，等于If we hadn't been for Sir Tim...；而主句是对现在事实的虚拟，所以答案是wouldn't be。
9．The sudden big fire caused a ________in the cinema，and the crowd all ran away in all directions.
答案：panic　句意：突然的大火在电影院内引起一阵惊慌，人们朝四面八方跑开了。panic惊慌，慌乱。
10．Whole villages were wiped________by the earthquake.
答案：out　句意：地震把整座整座的村庄夷为了平地。wipe out 消灭，彻底摧毁。符合句意。
Ⅳ.完形填空
The train shakes back and forth，its wheels making a loud noise against the tracks. Outside the window the freezing cold of winter rules. The carriage is filled with cold，__1__passengers.
Suddenly a little boy__2__his way through the grown-ups' legs and sits down by the window. He is all alone among the__3__grown-ups. What a brave child, I think. His father__4__to stay by the door behind us.The train begins to crawl into a tunnel. Then something very strange happens suddenly. The__5__ little boy slides (滑) down from his seat and leans (斜靠) his hand on my knee.__6__，I think that he wants to__7__me and return to his father，so I help him to stand up. But instead he leans forward and holds his__8__up towards mine.He wants to say something to me, I think. I lower my head to receive the__9__. Wrong again! What I receive is a__10__kiss on the cheek.
The boy calmly returns to his seat, leans back and continues looking out of the window. I am__11__. What just happened? A child kissing__12__grown-ups on the train. How can anybody want to kiss such a man that has so much beard? Soon enough，all of my neighbors are duly __13__. Nervous and a little surprised，we__14__at the father. When he sees our questioning__15__as he gets ready for his stop，he offers a clue (线索)．
“He's so happy to be alive，” the father says. “He has been very sick.”
Father and son__16__ into the crowd moving towards the exit. Then doors close and the train goes on. On my cheek I can still__17__the child's kiss—a kiss that has triggered (触发) some soul-search inside me. How many grown-ups__18__kissing each other from the joy of being alive? How many even give much thought to the privilege (特权) of__19__？
The little kisser had taught us a sweet but serious lesson: Be careful. You don't let yourself__20__before your heart stops!
语篇解读：本文描述了作者在干冷枯燥的火车上接受了一个陌生小孩的吻，通过这个小故事作者认识到，人一生中要始终保持快乐。
1．A.excited B．tired
C．pleased D．surprised
答案：B　逻辑推理题。与空前的cold相顺接。“又冷、又疲劳”的旅客。
2．A.feels B．fights
C．pushes D．picks
答案：C　短语搭配题。根据下文，从大人的腿间“挤着往前走”。push one's way意思为“努力地行走”。
3．A.unfriendly B．friendly
C．angry D．kind
答案：A　逻辑推理题。从第一段最后一句“...with cold，tired passengers”“又冷、又疲劳”的旅客肯定对这个孩子并不是十分友好。C有一定干扰性。联系上下文我们可以得知尽管车上的人们并不十分友好，但他们并没有对孩子生气。
4．A.likes B．prefers
C．chooses D．agrees
答案：C　逻辑推理题。当孩子在我们旁边的窗子边坐下时，他父亲选了门旁的一个地方坐下或站在那里。like喜欢；prefer喜爱；choose挑选；agree同意。
5．A.sick B．serious
C．lucky D．ugly
答案：B　逻辑推理题。此时人们并不知道他生病了。因此A项不合题意。sick生病的；serious严肃的，真诚的；lucky幸运的；ugly丑陋的。
6．A.In no time B．For a moment
C．In a while D．Once in a while
答案：B　逻辑推理题。for a moment在这里意思是“曾经”，其他答案不合题意。in no time立即；in a while一会儿；once in a while偶尔，有时。
7．A.beat B．strike
C．kiss D．pass
答案：D　逻辑推理题。从空后的“return to his father”，我判断他从我这里“经过”。beat轻拍；strike打击；kiss吻；pass经过。
8．A.eyes B．ear
C．head D．lip
答案：C　逻辑推理题。从下文的“他想对我说什么”来看可判断是“头”倾向作者。
9．A.news B．message
C．kiss D．opinion
答案：B　逻辑推理题。因为我以为他是想对我说什么，所以判断是“信息”。
10．A.loud B．foolish
C．strange D．fortunate
答案：A　逻辑推理题。根据四个选项，在脸颊上亲吻应该是“响亮的”，其余选项不符合句意。
11．A.pleased B．shocked
C．satisfied D．interested
答案：B　逻辑推理题。我对一个陌生小孩突然吻自己感到“震惊”(shocked)。pleased高兴的； satisfied满意的；interested感兴趣的。
12．A.well-known B．smart
C．unknown D．familiar
答案：C　逻辑推理题。从上下文得知他们都是旅客，互相都不“认识”。
13．A.praised B．kissed
C．scolded D．persuaded
答案：B　逻辑推理题。从上文可知“我周围的人也肯定被吻了”。
14．A.stare B．smile
C．warn D．whisper
答案：B　逻辑推理题。因为作者对这件事感到惊奇，又因为他是个孩子，所以向他爸爸“微笑”。
15．A.glances B．anger
C．mouths D．feeling
答案：A　逻辑推理题。此处指“我们”质疑的眼光(glance)。
16．A.appear B．back
C．disappear D．follow
答案：C　逻辑推理题。从下文“向出口走去”得出答案“消失在人群中”。disappear into意思是“消失在……中”。
17．A.touch B．trust
C．smell D．feel
答案：D　逻辑推理题。根据前后意思得出答案“作者还能感觉到小孩在脸上所留下的吻”。
18．A.go around B．mind
C．keep on D．insist on
答案：A　短语搭配题。从上文“作者想象到，这孩子因为愉快地活着，到处吻别人不知多少次了”。go around到处；mind介意；keep on保持；insist on坚持。
19．A.a child B．a kiss
C．living D．death
答案：C　逻辑推理题。根据上文的being alive得出答案。
20．A.die B．stop
C．sleep D．live
答案：A　逻辑推理题。最后一句是全文主旨。作者由这一事件引发感慨：“心脏没有停止跳动，就不要让自己死亡。”
Ⅵ.阅读理解
The“Thumbs-Up”
While western culture has become used to the thumbs-up as a positive signal, probably coming from World War Ⅱ pilots using the signal to communicate that they were “good to go” with ground crew(地勤人员), there are cultures where a thumbs-up may land you in trouble. In West Africa as well as Greece，Italy and Middle East，the thumbs-up is pretty much the biggest insult (侮辱). Rather more charming is a thumbs-up in Germany and in parts of Japan—they just see it as the hand signal for the number one.
The“A-OK”
This sign is mainly used by divers (潜水员) to mean “OK” (to prevent being confused with the thumbs-up sign, which means “rise”). Basically the meaning comes out as “great”， or “completely fine”. However, in a few countries in Europe, people may think you're telling them that you think they're a “zero”．
The“V Sign”
The sign comes in two formats; one with the palm faced outwards, and one with the palm inwards. In America they mean the same thing—“victory”. However, if the outside of your hand is facing your target , you're giving somebody a long established insult in Great Britain and many English-speaking countries such as Australia, Ireland and New Zealand. Winston Churchill(丘吉尔) famously used the “incorrect”version of the V sign during the early years of the war, turning the outside inside later. The V sign is also considered rude in Italy.
The“Corna”
The corna hand gesture has most recently been accepted by fans of rock and heavy metal music. Nowadays many Americans use the gesture simply to mean “rock on” or in support of the University of Texas in Austin (known as the “Hook'em Horns”). Today it is still popular in Spain, Brazil and Slovakia (斯洛伐克)．Historically, however, the symbol possibly dates back to Ancient Greece.
1．Which of the following signs doesn't have an insulting meaning?
A．The “Thumbs-up”. B．The“A-OK”．
C．The“V sign”. D．The“Corna”．
答案：D　推理判断题。细读文章可知，前三种手势在不同的国家或地区都有侮辱别人的意思，只有D项没有此意。
2．The pilots in World War Ⅱ used to make the “Thumbs-Up” sign to show ________.
A．the plane was very good
B．the plane was ready to take off
C．they were going to land on the ground
D．they were thankful to the ground crews
答案：B　细节理解题。从第一段第一句内容可知，在二战时期，飞行员用竖起大拇指的手势向地勤人员表示“已经准备好了，要出发了”。
3．What information can we get from the passage?
A．Italians often use the“ Thumbs-Up” to praise others.
B．The “A-OK”and the “Thumbs-Up”have the same meaning to the divers.
C．The “V Sign”was first used by Churchill.
D．You can see the“Corna”in a heavy metal music concert.
答案：D　细节理解题。从最后一段第一句“The corna hand gesture has most recently been accepted by fans of rock and heavy metal music。”可知，在重金属音乐会上你能看到该手势。
4．If you travel abroad, you'd better not use the “V sign” in ________.
A．Greece or Italy B．Germany or Japan
C．Ireland or Italy D．Spain or Brazil
答案：C　推理判断题。从第三段第三句和最后一句可知，在澳大利亚、爱尔兰、新西兰等讲英语的国家，该手势意味着对别人的侮辱，在意大利也被认为是粗鲁无礼的表现。
5．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Never too old to learn.
B．Do as the Romans do.
C．Four eyes see more than two.
D．Every country has its own customs.
答案：D　推理判断题。文章主要介绍了四种常见的手势，然而它们的含义却由于国家的不同而不同，甚至有天壤之别，由此我们可以理解：每个国家都有自己独特的文化习俗。
课件64张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 · 必修4 Body Language and Non-verbal CommunicationModule 3第三课时　Cultural Corner1.1.1　集合的概念Module 3Ⅰ.根据汉语提示写出单词
1．She________(弯腰) and picked up a plastic bucket.
2．It's impolite to________(盯着看)at a girl.
3．When he had finished washing he began to________(擦拭)the basin.
4．I am only too glad to accept your kind________(邀请)．
5．Several students made the________(要求)at the same time.
6．Please do me the________(恩惠) to open the door.I want to go out.
7．The actress gave a rather wooden___________(表演)．
8．Women are still struggling for true________(平等)with men.bentstarewipeinvitationrequestfavourperformanceequalityⅡ.短语互译
1．________________ 盯着……看
2．________________ 举起
3．________________ 偶然地
4．________________ 对……粗鲁/无礼
5．ask sb. a favour ________________
6．switch on ________________stare atlift upby accidentbe rude to请某人帮忙打开(灯、无线电等)Ⅲ.阅读文章Clapping并写出各段段落大意
Para.1：___________________________________________
__________________________________________________
Para.2：___________________________________________
__________________________________________________
Para.3：___________________________________________
__________________________________________________
答案：Para. 1: The reasons for clapping
Para. 2 ：The history of clapping
Para. 3 ：The fun_ction of clapping
Ⅳ.根据文章选择正确答案
1．Which is NOT true about clapping?
A．We clap to show we like something.
B．The custom of clapping has early beginnings.
C．Britain people sometimes clap at a funeral.
D．Clapping is infectious and spreads very quickly.2．What did clapping mean in classical Athens?
A．Happiness and thanks.
B．Judgement and taking part.
C．Competition and joy.
D．Welcome and happiness.
3．Why do we clap at the end of a live performance?
A．To say thank you to the performers.
B．To show that we like the performers.
C．To complete the performance.
D．Both A and B.4．In this passage，the writer intends to________.
A．encourage us to clap at the end of a live performance
B．tell us of what clapping and applause mean in different cultures
C．warn us to be careful about the occasions when we can clap
D．introduce to us the history of clapping
答案：1～4.CBDB1.live adj.现场的；活着的，有生气的
It wasn't a recorded show; it was live.
这不是录音表演，而是现场直播。
The club has live music on most nights.
这个俱乐部大多数晚上都有现场演奏的音乐。
We should not carry out an experiment with a live monkey.
我们不应该用活的猴子做实验。辨析：live, alive, lively与livingTo live is not just to be alive, but to be alive is to live. (Roman Roland)
一个人不是为了活才生，而是为了生才活。(罗曼·罗兰)
Who's the greatest man alive?
谁是当今最伟大的人？
Children usually have a lively imagination.
儿童们往往有丰富的想象力。
English is a living language.
英语是活的语言。
Her math teacher is still living.
她的数学老师仍健在。即学即用
完成句子
①这次采访在全欧洲现场直播。
The interview was broadcast________across Europe.
②小孩子们通常是活泼的。
Young children are usually________.
用live/living/alive/lively填空
③The old man is still________.
④It wasn't a recorded show; it was________.
⑤He told us a very________story.⑥The enemy officer was caught________.
语法填空
⑦—There will be a(n)________football match between China and Brazil on TV tonight.
—What time? I can't wait for it.
答案：①live　②lively　③living　④live　⑤lively　
⑥alive
⑦live　句意：——今晚电视上中国队和巴西队将有一场足球实况赛。——什么时间？我快等不及了。live活的(作前置定语)，直播的，实况的。
2．performance n．[C]表演
Her performance in the play was very good.
她在剧中的表演非常好。
His first performance in China will be given tonight.
他在中国的首场演出将在今晚举行。知识拓展
(1)perform v．表演；演奏；履行，执行
The students will perform an opera next Friday.
这些学生下星期五将表演一场歌剧。
Our football team performed very well.
我们的足球队表现得很好。
The surgeon was performing a dangerous operation.
外科医生正在做一项危险的手术。
(2)performer n．[C]表演者
Let's have a good round of applause for the next performer.
咱们为下一个表演者热烈鼓掌吧。
即学即用
语法填空
(1)—How did you like Nick's ________ (perform)last night?
—To be honest, his singing didn't appeal to me much.
答案：performance　performance“表演”符合句意。句意为：——你认为昨晚尼克的表演如何？——说实话，他的演唱并不太吸引我。
(2)(浙江高考改编)Your ________ (perform)as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.
答案：performance　本题考查名词的用法。句意为：作为一名学生，如果你养成仔细考虑你的学习方法的习惯，那么你的成绩会是最好的。performance“表现，行为，成绩”符合句意。
3．prolong vt. 延长
They prolonged their visit by a few days.
他们把访问时间延长了几天。
After prolonged questioning, the man finally confessed.
经过长时间的盘问之后，那个人终于承认了。辨析：prolong与lengthen
The days begin to lengthen in spring.
春天白天开始变长。
Some people have tried to find the drugs that help to prolong life.
有些人想方设法寻找延年益寿的药物。
即学即用
语法填空
The meeting being held may ________(prolong) into the evening because so many problems have to be solved tonight.
答案：be prolonged　句意为：正在进行的会议可能要延长到晚上，因为今晚有太多问题要解决。
4．equality n．[U]平等
Women want equality of opportunity with men.
女人要求和男人机会均等。
The constitution embodies the ideals of freedom and equality.
这部宪法体现了自由和平等的理想。知识拓展
(1)equal adj. 平等的；相等的；胜任的
v．等于；比得上　n．[C]和自己相当的人或物
All men are created equal.
人人生而平等。
All countries in the world, big or small, should be equal.
世界上的国家不论大小，应该一律平等。 (2)equal构成的固定搭配：be equal to sth. 与……相等，平等；胜任(做)某事
Let line AB be equal to line CD.
假设线段AB与CD等长。
He is equal to(doing) the task.
他胜任这项工作。
(3)equally adv. 相等地；平等地；公平地
All expenses are to be equally divided between you and me.
一切费用由我和你平均分担。即学即用
语法填空
(1)In some countries, what is called “________”(equal)does not really mean equal rights for all people.
答案：equality　equality“平等”。句意为：在一些国家里，所谓的“平等”并不意味着全民享有平等权利。
(2)Fitness is important in sport, but of at least ________ importance are skills.
答案：equal　该句的正常语序为“...but skills are of at least ________ importance.” equal importance表示“同等重要的”。 (3)The island is ________(equal)attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.
答案：equally　equally“同样地，相等地”，符合题意。句意为：由于春、秋的宜人天气，这个小岛在这两个季节都同样地有魅力。
(4)(福建高考改编)Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be ________(equal)respected.
答案：equally　本题考查副词的辨析。句意：任何一个人，不管是政府官员还是汽车司机都应该同样受到尊敬。equally“相等地，同等地；均等；也，同样”。
5．infectious adj. 有感染性的；有传染性的
Hepatitis is a serious infectious disease.
肝炎是一种非常严重的传染病。
Flu is highly infectious.
流感的传染性很强。知识拓展
(1)infect vt.传染；感染
The open wound was infected.
裸露的伤口被感染了。
Her cheerful spirits infected all of us.
她乐观的情绪感染了我们所有的人。
(2)infection n．[U][感染]；[C]传染病
We had to think of a way to keep off the infection.
我们得想个办法防止感染。
即学即用
语法填空
Many ________ (infect)diseases pass from one person to another by direct contact.
答案：infectious　infectious“有感染性的，有传染性的”。句意为：许多传染病通过直接接触从一个人传给另一个人。1.at the end of结束；最终；所剩无几；到……的尽头(或极限)
①I'm going to have a holiday at the end of the month.
月末我打算度假。
②They are at the end of their food supply.
他们储备的食物已消耗殆尽。知识拓展
from beginning to end 从头到尾
come to an end 结束；最后，终于
make(both) ends meet 收支相抵
end in sth. 以……为结尾；末端是……
end up 最终成为；最后处于
put an end to 结束
bring sth. to an end 结束
All is well that ends well.[谚]结局好就一切都好。辨析：by the end，at the end of与in the end
(1)by the end后常接of短语，意为“到……结束的时候”，表示一段时间，因此句子多用完成时态，即过去完成时或将来完成时。
By the end of last term, we had learned all the texts.
上学期末我们已经学完了所有课文。
(2)at the end of后既可接时间，也可接地点，意为“在……结尾；在……末端”。
At the end of the street, there's a shop.
在街道的尽头，有一家商店。
(3)in the end只能单独使用，后面不接of短语，意为“最后”，相当于finally或at last。
I found the lost book in the end.
最后我终于找到了我丢的那本书。即学即用
语法填空
(1)Joining the firm as a clerk.he got rapid promotion，and ended________as a manager.
答案：up　句意：作为一名秘书加入该公司，他得到了快速提升，最后当了经理。end up“以……结束”，符合句意。
(2)Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just end up________sweet dreams.
答案：with　句意：睡觉之前闻闻这些花，你就会进入甜美的梦乡。end up with以…结束，符合句意。
2．add...to... 把……加到……
Will you add some salt to the soup?
请往汤里加点儿盐好吗？知识拓展
(1)add v. 加；增加；又说；补充说
He expressed his satisfaction with his travel in China, adding that he would come again.
他对中国之行表示满意，并补充说，他还会再来的。
(2)add to 增添；增加；增进
The bad weather added to our difficulties.
恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。(3)add up 加起来；总计
He wrote down the weight of each stone and then added up all the weights.
他把每一块石头的重量记下来，然后把所有的重量加在一起。
(4)add up to 加起来总共；总计为
All the figures add up to 1050.
这些数字总计是1050。辨析：add to与add...to...
(1)add to指“添加；增添”，其宾语多为困难、快乐等抽象名词。
(2)add...to...指“把……加到……”，其宾语多为具体名词。
①Every failure one meets with adds to one's experience.
吃一堑，长一智。
②Please add some sugar to the water.
请往水里加些糖。即学即用
完成句子
(1)这些数字的总和恰好是10。
The numbers ________ ________ ________ exactly 10.
(2)这个服务员不会算账。
The waiter can't ________ ________.
(3)糟糕的天气只是增加了我们的困难。
The bad weather only ________ ________ our difficulties.
(4)这套家具会给你的卧室增加一些典雅之气。
The suit will ________a taste of classic ________ your bedroom.
答案：(1)add up to　(2)add up　(3)added to　(4)add; to1.The theatre was large—it could hold 14,000 people, half the adult male population of the city, which meant that the audience could make a lot of noise.
剧院非常大，它能容纳14 000人，占这个城市成年男子数的一半，同时这也意味着观众会制造大量的噪音。
本句中使用了由which引导的非限制性定语从句，表示补充说明。该从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只对主句中的先行词作附加说明。如果去掉，主句仍然表达明确、完整的概念。它和主句之间往往用逗号分开。
①Mr. Smith, who came to see us yesterday, is a relation of my wife.
史密斯先生是我妻子的一个亲戚，昨天他来看望我们了。
②They are coming back to us, which means that they have been refused elsewhere.
他们回来找我们了，那意味着他们已在别的地方被拒绝了。
即学即用
语法填空
After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, ________ turned out to be a wise decision.
答案：which　句意：大学毕业以后，我抽出了一点时间去旅游，后来证明这是个明智的决定。句中所填处是非限制性定语从句的引导词，且在从句中作主语，因此用which。2．But some occasions on which people clap change from one country to another.
但是有一些人们鼓掌的场合国与国之间是不同的。
(1)on which people clap change from one country to another是由“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。
当关系代词作介词宾语时，通常把介词提到关系代词前。
①There is a small house, in front of which lies a river.
有一座房子，它前面有一条河。
②He is a great man, from whom you can learn a lot.
他是一位伟大的人，从他那里你能学到很多东西。
注意：在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，指人时用whom，指物时用which。
即学即用
语法填空
The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors，most________which are beyond our control.
答案：of　考查定语从句中的介词。此句为非限制性定语从句。其中先行词为factors。句意为：植物的生长速度受多种因素影响，其中大多数超出了我们的控制范围。
(2)occasion n．场合，时刻，常与介词on连用。
Choosing the right level of formality is important on social occasions.
在社交场合下，选择合适的礼节是重要的。
Roses should be given only on special occasions, with special colors and to special people.玫瑰只有在特殊的场合，用特殊的颜色，送给特殊的人。
知识拓展
on occasion有时
occasion作先行词时，定语从句用when/on which引导。
There are occasions when(＝on which) one must yield 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。即学即用
①完成句子。
A．我看见鲍勃在约翰的聚会上演奏钢琴，在那种场合下他表现得很棒。
I saw Bob playing the piano at John's party and ________ ________ ________ he was simply brilliant.
B．大家都知道他有时会发脾气。
He has been known ________ ________ to lose his temper.
答案：A.on that occasion　B．on occasion
语法填空
②I admire my English teacher. I can remember very few occasions ________ she stopped working because of illness.
答案：when　句意：我钦佩我的英语老师，我记得她极少因为病停止工作。occasion作先行词时，定语从句用when/on which引导。 Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．They had a reporter on the scene who was covering the event________(从现场)．
2．He studies________(古典)literature, but also takes an interest in history.
3．He won a round of ________(掌声)when he ended his speech.
4．This crisis may be ________(延长)，or it may be overcome fairly quickly.
5．In my ________(判断)，we should accept their apology.
6．Your ________(表现) in the driving test didn't reach the required standard—in other words, you failed.
答案：1.live　2.classical　3.applause　4.prolonged　5.judgement　6.performance
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．In classical Athens, applause meant to take part.
2．Some occasions for which people clap change from one country to another.
3．We clap in the end of a live performance.
4．The rise in the house rent has added up our difficulties.
答案：1.to take→taking　2.for→on　3.in→at　4.up→toⅢ.语法填空
1．—There will be a(n)________football match between China and Brazil on TV tonight.
—What time? I can't wait for it.
答案：live　句中的含义是“一场现场直播的足球赛”。live“现场直播的”。
2．A________(live)person is full of life and is always doing things.
答案：lively　注意句子的情景提示：充满生活情趣和总是在做事的人。lively“活泼的；很有精神的；愉快的。”
3．I should________sorry to you for having forgotten to bring your book.
答案：say　句意：忘了把你的书带来了，我要说声抱歉。say sorry to sb.是固定搭配。
4．We want to have a meeting in your school, but we don't know how many people the school hall can________.
答案：hold　hold在此表示“容纳”之意。
5．The purpose of new technique is to make life easier，________(not make)it more difficult.
答案：not to make　题中是两个不定式并列作表语，并且有两个不定式表示比较，后一个to不能省略。
6．The teacher is not easy-going, and he never ________ (participate)in the pupils' games.
答案：participates　考查动词时态。由上文一般现在时可判定。
7．The bad weather meant ________ (delay)the rocket launch(发射)for 48 hours.
答案：delaying　mean后既可跟不定式(mean to do sth.)，又可以跟名词mean doing sth.，前者表示“打算去做”，而后者表示“意味着”。句意：坏天气意味着火箭延迟发射48小时。用v-ing形式。
8．—Would you like to know something about my foreign teacher?
—Oh, I remember ________ (tell)about her yesterday.
答案：being told　答语的意思：我记得昨天我已经被告诉了她的情况。remember doing sth.“记得已做过某事”。I与tell之间为被动关系，所以要用remember being told。9．We should have team spirit but there are a few occasions ________ members are uncertain of their roles.
答案：when　先行词occasion意思为“场合；时刻”，表示时间，且从句中不缺主语和宾语，故此处用when引导定语从句，且在从句中作状语。
10．It is well known to us all that in China pigeons stand for peace. However, in India the wheel in its national flag is also a ________ of peace.
答案：symbol　句意：众所周知在中国鸽子代表和平，而在印度国旗上的车轮也是和平的象征。symbol“象征，符号”。课件8张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 · 必修4 Body Language and Non-verbal CommunicationModule 1不同国家有不同的体态语言，体态语言在不同的文化背景下表达的含义相同吗？读读下面的文字，你一定会有所了解和收获！Body language is one of the most powerful means of communication, often even more powerful than spoken language. Although we may not realize it when we talk with others, we make ourselves understood not only by words. We send messages to the people around us also by expressions1 and body movements. We call it “body language”， which is a kind of communication—non-verbal communication. People around the world show all kinds of feelings, wishes and attitudes that they might never speak aloud. A smile and handshake show welcome, waving one's hand is to say “goodbye”， nodding the head means agreement, while shaking it means disagreement. Putting up a handmeans “May I ask a question？”. Kissing means “love”. Waving one's arms shows happiness. These gestures are accepted both by Chinese and Americans as having the same meanings.
With so many cultural differences between people, it is great to have some similarities2 in body language. We can often be wrong about each other, so it is an amazing3 thing that we understand each other as well as we do. Not all cultures greet each other in the same way，nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people. These actions are not good or bad, but are simple ways in which cultures have developed. In general, though, studying international4 customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's world of cultural crossroads5.
知识点击
1．expression n．表情　　　　　　　　　　　
2.similarity n．相似，相似性
3．amazing adj.令人惊异的
4.international adj.国际的
5．crossroads n．十字路口；岔道自主探究
判断正误(T/F)。
1．We communicate with others not only by words, but also by body language.(　　)
2．People around the world have the same body language in different cultures.(　　)
3．People can understand each other in most different cultures.(　　)
4．Learning about international customs can help people understand each other better.(　　)
答案：1～4 TFTT