Module 4 第一课时
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Surgeons have made a great________ (突破)in the kidney transplantation.
2．He needs a high income to ________(供养)such a large family.
3．With the development of modern________ (农业)and industry, more and more waste is produced.
4．He is an important political________(人物)in Indian history.
5．________(教育)is given to children by the government.
6．The________(最初的)owner of the house was Duke Wellington.
7．We are very proud of the high________(质量) of our product.
8．The scientific study of the chemistry of living things is called________(生物化学)．
9．It is generally believed that advertising can increase______(产量) and sales.
10．We've________(改变；转换) from coal to gas central heating.
答案：1.breakthrough 2.support 3.agriculture 4.figure
5．Education 6.original 7.quality 8.biochemistry
9．production 10.converted
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．He hopes to earn his living__________________.
他希望靠卖饮料来谋生。
2．He was late for the meeting________________a traffic jam.
由于交通堵塞，他开会迟到了。
3．Scientists are working hard______________a cure for the disease.
科学家们正努力工作寻找这种疾病的治愈方法。
4．We all have our favourite________________certain things.
我们做某些事都有自己爱用的方法。
5．Diet and exercise are__________________good health.
身体健康的关键是饮食和运动。
6．They've________________experts to advise on the project.
他们已请来专家对该项目提意见。
7．__________________arms were discovered hidden in the trucks.
卡车上发现藏有大量武器。
8．I ____________________why he quit his job.
我捉摸不透他为什么要辞掉工作。
答案：1.by selling drinks 2.as a result of 3.in search of 4.ways of doing/to do 5.the key to 6.brought in 7．Quantities of 8.couldn't figure out
Ⅲ.语法填空
1．At the sight of her mother, the surprise in her face was________by joy.
答案：replaced 句意：一看到母亲，她脸上的表情由快乐替代了惊奇。replace替代，符合句意。
2．(2014·金华高一检测改编)The problem of global warming is serious ________ the sea level rises.
答案：As a result 句意：全球变暖的问题十分严重。结果是海平面上升了。as a result结果，符合句意。
3．They________the study________ a nursery room when the baby was born.
答案：converted; into 句意：婴儿出生时，他们把书房改成了育婴室。convert与into或to皆可搭配。
4．When I came into the store, I found that large quantities of food________(spread)out on the table.
答案：were spread 句意：当我进入商店时，发现大量的食物摆放在桌子上。large quantities of无论修饰可数名词还是不可数名词，其谓语动词都用复数
5．The key________(keep)this country a comfortable and clean place to live in is to control industrial pollution.
答案：to keeping 句意：使该国保持既舒服又干净的居住环境的关键是控制工业污染。the key to doing sth.意为“做某事的关键是……”，其中to为介词。
6．The old scientist has made________breakthrough in growing rice, which will________(feed)more people in the world.
答案：a；feed 句意：这位老科学家在种植水稻方面有了突破，这将解决世界上更多人的吃饭问题。breakthrough通常用作可数名词。make a breakthrough突破，攻破；feed养活；为及物动词。
7．If immigrants are given the right to stay in Britain, some say it would bring________up to ￡1 billion in extra tax revenue.
答案：in 句意：有些人说，如果允许移民待在英国，会给英国带来高达10亿英镑的额外税收。bring in赚得(钱)，符合题意。
8．The data from the satellite was enough for the computer model to figure________that the tsumami was smaller and less destructive.
答案：out 句意：电脑根据卫星传来的数据足以弄清楚这次海啸威力会小些，也不会有那么大的毁灭性。figure out计算，推断。
9．(2014·扬州高一检测改编)The majority of people in the town strongly________the plan to build a playground for children.
答案：support 句意：城镇中多数人非常支持给孩子们修建操场这个计划。support支持，拥护，维持。
10．—The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting.
—Why? It's ________interesting than the films I have ever seen.
答案：far more 考查形容词的比较级。句意：——我不得不说这部电影真的没有意思。——为什么？它比我以前看过的所有电影都有意思。根据第二句中Why？可以看出第二个人与第一个人的态度相反，也就是说他对这部电影持肯定态度，故答案为far more。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
Early in the autumn of 1674, Henry Oldenburg, secretary of the Royal Society in London, received an extraordinary letter. Sent by Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, a draper (布料商) from Delft in the Netherlands, it contained an unlikely-sounding claim.
Using a microscope of his own invention, van Leeuwenhoek had seen tiny creatures, invisible to the naked eye, living in lake water. Some of these “animalcules (微生物) ”were so small, and he later estimated that 30 million of them would still be smaller than a grain of sand.
Royal Society fellows couldn't believe it. Even with his most powerful instruments, the celebrated English microscopist Robert Hooke had never observed anything like the little creatures.
In fact, the Dutchman had developed far superior lenses to Hooke's, and had discovered bacteria and protozoans (原生动物). By producing even smaller and more curved lenses—using a technique that he kept secret—van Leeuwenhoek was able to magnify objects up to 500 times. As well as discovering micro－organisms, he was the first to see red blood cells.
In 1677, van Leeuwenhoek sent the Society further animalcule observations. Hooke eventually improved his own microscopes to the point where he, too, could see the tiny creatures. Three years later van Leeuwenhoek was made a fellow.
It was not until 1890，more than 160 years after van Leeuwenhoek's death, that bacteria were linked with diseases.“Reading van Leeuwenhoek's letters, you very much get the impression of somebody dazzled (眩晕的) by what he was finding，”says Lesley Robertson, leader of the archives at Delft University's school of microbiology. “He thought he'd found a whole new world—but he certainly never picked up on the connection with illness.”
语篇解读：本文是记叙文。全文讲述了布料商出身的Antoni van Leeuwenhoek发明了自己的显微镜。他的发明使得发现更小、更清晰的事物成为可能，这为把细菌与疾病联系起来奠定了基础。
1．What did Antoni van Leeuwenhoek see with his own microscope?
A．A letter.
B．Bacteria and protozoans.
C．Small animals in the water.
D．The element of water.
答案：B 细节理解题。联系下文“in fact，the Dutchman had developed far superior lenses to Hooke's，and had discovered bacteria and protozoans.”可知，荷兰人已经通过改良的镜片发现了细菌和原生动物，Antoni van Leeuwenhoek通过自己的显微镜看到的tiny creatures就是细菌和原生动物。
2．From the passage we can see________.
A．van Leeuwenhoek knew the tiny creatures in the water had something to do with illness
B．van Leeuwenhoek was the first to discover bacteria
C．van Leeuwenhoek was the first to use the microscope
D．van Leeuwenhoek was the first to know how to observe bacteria and protozoans
答案：C 推理判断题。通读全文可知，尽管荷兰人也看到细菌和原生动物，但是他们使用的是改进后的镜片，而不是显微镜，因此C正确。A有一定的干扰性，联系文章最后一句可知，他并没有把观察到的细菌和原生物与疾病联系到一起。
3．What does the underlined word “magnify” in the fourth paragraph mean?
A．To clear away.
B．To improve.
C．To collect.
D．To make large.
答案：D 词义猜测题。联系全文他改进自己的显微镜以及后文的“up to 500 times”可知，他的显微镜能把物体放大500倍，因此得出答案。
4．From the last paragraph we can see，when Antoni van Leeuwenhoek saw the tiny creatures, invisible to the naked eye，living in lake water, ________.
A．he was overexcited
B．he knew he followed someone else's discovery
C．he was a bit disappointed
D．his discovery was to lead a connection between bacteria and illness
答案：A 推理判断题。联系最后一段的“Reading van Leeuwenhoek's letters, you very much get the impression of somebody dazzled by what he was finding，”可知，当时他对自己的发明是极度兴奋的。
B
Do you suppose Darwin, one of the greatest scientists of all times, really did fools' experiments? Or did he do experiments that were so simple and basic that other people just thought they were foolish?
Sometimes, people think they already know the answer to a question or the solution to a problem. Sometimes, they really do know an answer or a solution, but without thinking they are important.
Charles Darwin didn't settle for (满足于) just thinking he knew something. And, he believed all things could be important however simple they seemed to be.
Suppose you drop sheets of paper that are of exactly the same size and shape. If you drop them at the same time in the same place, they will fall in the same way. Now make one of the sheets of paper into a tight little ball and let it drop along with the other sheets, What happens? You have done an experiment that is so simple that you might think it couldn't be worth anything.
But this simple experiment is important. It explains part of our present day understandings of physics, ideas that were worked out long ago by Galileo and Newton. And these understandings set_aside some of ancient Greek physics.
Scientists sometime stop to look at very simple things and to think very hard about them. Even the simplest idea, which we might think is foolish, can shake the foundations of science.
语篇解读：有些问题的答案人们已经知晓，但人们没有想过这个问题是多么重要，伟大的科学家Charles Darwin总要通过做实验来弄懂事情的来龙去脉。
5．The passage tells us that Charles Darwin________.
A．was a great English scientist
B．always liked doing the experiments that others thought difficult
C. thought even the simplest thing was important
D. didn't get well with others
答案：C 推理判断题。短文并没有说Charles Darwin是哪个国家的科学家，可排除A；由第二段可知别人认为Darwin的许多实验不值得做，可把B排除；文中没有论述Darwin与别人相处的事情，可排除D。由第三段第二句中“he believed all things could be important however simple they seemed to he”可推出答案C。
6．The underlined phrase “set aside” most probably means“________”．
A．throw away B．store up
C．put to use D．realize
答案：A 词义猜测题。由上文可知作者认为做这个简单实验是重要的，它解释了目前人们对于物理方面的理解。因此这些理解当然是推翻了一些希腊古典物理学的观点。由此可推知set aside与throw away同义。
7．The author of the passage tries to________.
A．convince us that Charles Darwin. Galileo and Newton are the greatest scientists in the world
B．draw the conclusion that basic sciences are simple things
C．prove that two sheets of paper, with the same size and shape, will fall at the same speed
D．draw our attention to everyday happenings around us
答案：D 主旨大意题。短文的最后一段点明最简单的事情都可能动摇科学的根基，意在告诉读者要留意身边的每一件事，哪怕它非常简单。
8．Which of the following is TRUE?
A．Darwin really did fools' experiments.
B．According to some people, Darwin did foolish experiments.
C．It is believed by all the people that things could be important though they seemed to be simple，
D．Galileo and Newton worked out ancient Greek physics.
答案：B 细节理解题。短文第一段第二句“Or did he do experiments that were so simple and basic that other people just thought they were foolish？”明确告诉我们，有些人认为Darwin做了愚蠢的实验。
Ⅴ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
Gandhi, an Indian national hero, was honored__1__the father of the Indian nation. He has been respected and beloved by the Indians.
He was born in India in 1869. Following the local custom, he got__2__(marry) at the age of 13. In 1888 he sailed to England, __3__he studied law for three years and became a lawyer. On his return to India, he was sent to South Africa to work on a law case.
In South Africa he__4__(surprise) to find that the problem of racial discrimination (种族歧视) was serious. There he formed an organization and started a magazine to fight__5__equal rights.
Gandhi returned to India in 1915，__6__India was controlled by the British. He led the Indians to fight for an end to the British rule and__7__(depend) for his country. In the political movement many Indians including Gandhi were put in prison.__8__， the struggles never stopped. The British government had to give__9__and India won its independence in 1947.__10__(fortunate) Gandhi was shot by an Indian who opposed his views and died on January 30th, 1948.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．as as在此处为介词，意为“作为”。
2．married get married结婚。
3．where where引导定语从句，修饰England。
4．was surprised 此处缺少的是谓语动词，所以用be surprised表示人的感受。
5．for fight for为……而战。
6．when when在此处引导定语从句，修饰前面出现的时间。
7．independence 此处应该用名词形式，与前面的an end共同做fight for的宾语。
8．However 上下文之间为转折关系，所以用副词however。
9．in give in屈服，投降，让步。
10．Unfortunately 用副词形式修饰整个句子的内容。根据句意，应表示否定含义。
【辽宁卷题型】
A：Hello! How are you?
B：Not too__1__！ I'm just to the doctor. I haven't been feeling too weak over the last few days.
A：What have you got? A cough? A cold?
B：That's the__2__(fun) thing. I don't know what's wrong__3__me. I just feel__4__(exhaust).
A：Perhaps you've been working too hard. You do have__5__high-pressure job.
B：Maybe. I haven't been able to keep my food down__6__. That's unusual.
A：Well. I'm sure the doctor will be able to prescribe something__7__make you well again. Dr. Jameson is very good.
B：Yes, he is. I've make an__8__(appoint) for 10 o'clock, so I'd better move along.
A：OK. Hope you feel__9__(good) soon. You should take__10__easy. I'm sure the doctor will prescribe rest, you know.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．well 考查形容词用法。well此处指身体健康的。
2．funny 考查形容词。funny意为：滑稽可笑的。
3．with 考查介词用法。what's wrong with sb.？意为：某人有什么问题？
4．exhausted 考查非谓语动词。此处为过去分词作表语。
5．a 考查冠词用法。限定可数名词单数用a。
6．either 考查副词。either用于否定句表示也不。
7．to 考查不定式用法。此处为不定式用作目的状语。
8．appointment 考查名词用法。appointment约会，约定。
7．better 考查比较级。feel better感觉好一点。
10．it 考查代词。take it easy.放松别紧张。
课件111张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 · 必修4 Great ScientistsModule 41.1.1 集合的概念第一课时 Introduction & Reading1.1.1 集合的概念Module 4Ⅰ.速记单词
1．________(adj.)主要的；重要的
2．________(n.)人物
3．________(vt.)出版
4．____________(n.)突破
5．________(vt.)取代，以……代替
6．________(n.)数量
7．________(n.)质量staplefigurepublishbreakthroughreplacequantityquality8．porducer(n.)生产者→________(v.)生产→__________(n.)产量
9．leading(adj.)主要的→________(v.)带领；率领
10．________(vt.)教育→education(n.)教育
11．________(n.)农业→agricultural(adj.)农业的
12．________(adj.)原来的；最初的→originally(adv.)最初，原先→________(n.)起源，开端；出身；血统
13．________(vt.)支持→supporter(n.)支持者
14．________(vt.)改变；转换→conversion(n.)转变；转换
15．________(vt.)出口→import(vt.)进口produceproductionleadeducateagricultureoriginaloriginsupportconvertexportⅡ.短语互译
1．bring up ______________________
2．convert to/into ________
3．search for ___________
4．赚钱，带进，进入 _______
5．由于……的结果 ____________
6．用……实验 ________________
7．增加了 _______
8．对……感兴趣 ______________
培养；养育；呕吐；提出转变为搜寻，寻找bring inas a result ofexperiment withrise bybe interested inⅢ.完成句子
1．他认为解决人们吃饭问题的关键在于拥有更多的大米，并且能更快地生产出来。
He thought that_________________people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.
(the key to doing sth.做某事的关键)the key to feeding2．他想只有一种方法可以做这件事——通过杂交不同品种的水稻，然后他可以培育出一种新的水稻，这种水稻可以比原先的任何一种产量更高。
He thought there was only one way___________—____________different species of rice plant, and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants. (a way to do sth./of doing sth.做……的方法/方法；by doing sth. 通过做某事)to do thisby crossing3．它的产量比巴基斯坦所种植的其他水稻的产量都要高很多。
Its yield is________________the yield of other types of rice grown in Pakistan. (much 修饰比较级)
4．世界人口中有三分之二的人经常吃大米。
________________________ regularly eat rice.
(分数修饰的名词作主语)much greater than2/3 of the world's populationⅣ.语篇理解
Step 1 Introduction
Are you familiar with the scientists in the following pictures? Do you know their main achievements? Please match the following information with the scientists.1．Marie Curie a．The Secret of Success: A＝X＋Y
＋Z. X stands for hard work, Y for
good methods, and Z means stopping
talking and getting down to work.
2．Archimedes
3．Newton 4．Albert Einstein d．Give me a lever long enough and
a place to stand, and I will move
the world.
5．Qian Xuesen Step 2 Fast-reading
Ⅰ.Read the passage fast and match the paragraphs with their general ideas.
1. Para. 1
2．Para. 2 3．Para. 3－4
4. Para. 5－6 Ⅱ.True (T) or False (F)．
1．China is the world's second largest producer of nice.( )
2．Yuan Longping began experiments in crop breeding when he was at college.( )
3．Yuan Longping managed to produce more rice quickly by planting more rice. ( )
4．Yuan Longping's rice has been introduced to the Philippines.( )
5．Yuan Longping has made great contributions in the ricegrowing world. ( )
Step 3 Careful-reading
Choose the best answer according to the passage.
1．Yuan Longping________.
A．is a leading scientist in industry
B．was born and brought up in China
C．was educated in a famous school for many years
D．was given a nickname because he was very naughty
2．Why was Yuan given the nickname “the student who asks questions”？
A．Because he was stupid.
B．Because he did not learn well in the class.
C．Because he was curious about the lessons and wanted to learn more.
D．Because he learned more questions.
3．The only way that Yuan Longping thought to produce more rice quickly was________.
A．to be interested in plants
B．to study agriculture in college
C．to begin experiments in crop breeding
D．to cross different species of rice plant4．As a result of Yuan Longping's discoveries，________.
A．Chinese rice production doubled
B．more cash crops and more vegetables are planted
C．few foreign countries like to plant the rice any more
D．rice becomes the most important crop in Pakistan
5．What is the main idea of this passage?
A．Yuan Longping is a leading figure.
B．A new plant has been produced.
C．Yuan Longping's contributions to the rice-growing world.
D．The advantages of Yuan Longping's discoveries.Step 4 Summary
Fill in the blanks according to the passage.
Yuan Longping is a 1.________ figure in the rice-growing world. He was born and 2.________in China. When he was a boy, he was 3.________in many schools，and was given the 4.________“the student who asks questions”. He was interested in plants from an early age, and he studied agriculture in college. As a young teacher, he began experiments in crop 5.________. He thought there was only one way to have more rice quickly, That was to cross different 6.________of rice plant. Then he began his search
for a special type of rice plant. It had to be male and sterile. When the naturally sterile male rice plant was discovered in 1970 , it was a 7.______. As a result, China's rice production rose8.________47.5% in the 1990's. And 50 thousand square kilometres of rice fields were 9.________to growing vegetables and other cash crops. Following this, Yuan Longping's rice was 10.________to some other countries.
Step 5 Discussion
Who will first come into your mind when we mention great scientists? And why?
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
答案：Step 1 1. C，e 2.A，d 3.B，c 4.D，a 5.E，b
Step 2 Ⅰ.1～4 DCBA
Ⅱ.1.F 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.T
Step 3 1～5 BCDBC
Step 4 1.leading 2.brought up 3.educated 4.nickname
5．breeding 6.species 7.breakthrough 8.by 9.converted 10.exported
Step 5 ①Newton. He was inspired by an apple and discovered gravity.
②I first think about Madame Curie, who is probably the greatest female scientist.
③I think Einstein is very admirable with his great contribution as well as personality.1.invent v.
(1)发明；创造
Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
贝尔在1876年发明了电话。
(2)虚构；杜撰
The whole story was invented.
整个故事是虚构的。
知识拓展
(1)invention n. 发明[U]；发明物[C]
The telephone is a wonderful invention.
电话是一件很奇特的发明。
(2)inventor n. 发明家；发明人辨析：discover与invent
这组词都有“发现”；“发明创造”的意思。其区别为：
(1)discover有两层意思：
①发现(某地、某事)；指发现或偶然发现原来就存在但一直未被认识的东西。
People finally discovered that the world is round.
最终人们发现地球是圆的。
②认识到；发觉(某事物)；了解到
We discovered that our luggage had been stolen.
我们发觉行李被偷了。
(2)invent指发明原来不存在的东西，有时也可指“虚构”；“捏造”。
The gunpowder was invented in China nine hundred years ago.
中国人900年前发明了火药。
即学即用
语法填空
The person who________the telephone changed the world.
答案：invented 句意：发明电话的人改变了世界。由此可知用invent。
2．force n．力；力量；力气；暴力；武力；(法律；方法的)效力；压力
vt. 强迫；迫使
We shouldn't go against the forces of nature.
我们不能违背自然的力量。知识拓展
the force of character 人格的力量
the armed forces of a country 一国之武装部队
by force 凭借武力；强迫地
come/go into force 开始生效
put...into force 使……生效；实施法律等
(be)in force 实施中
force sb. to do/sb.be forced to do 迫使某人干……/某人被迫干……
force one's way through/into 强行通过/进入①Marx was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons.
由于政治原因，马克思被迫离开了祖国。
②You should not force your opinion on others.
你不应该把自己的见解强加给别人。
③The boss forced his workers into working day and night.
老板迫使他的工人日日夜夜地工作。
④They forced the door open.(＝The door was forced open.)
他们用力打开了门。
⑤They forced their way through/into the crowd.
他们强行穿过/进入人群。
即学即用
语法填空
The government plans to bring in new laws ________(force) parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.
答案：forcing 考查了现在分词作定语。law与force是主动关系，并且不强调动作的完成。故应用doing形式。
3．process n.
(1)[U][C]过程；经过
the process of development 发展的过程
(2)[C]制法；程序；处置
the process of making cake 做蛋糕的程序
知识拓展
(1)in process 在进行中
Changes are in process.
正在发生变化。
(2)in(the)process of... 在……过程中
The machine is in(the)process of repair.
那部机器正在修理中。即学即用
语法填空
(1)The experiment is in________process.
答案：不填 in process意为“在进行中”，根据句意可知答案。
(2) (湖南高考改编)Care of the soul is a gradual process ________ even the small details of life should be considered.
答案：in which/where 考查定语从句。句意：心灵的养护是一个逐渐的过程，在这个过程中即使小细节也应被考虑到。定语从句不缺主语、宾语，in which相当于where。
4．physical adj. 身体的；物理的
We are going to have a physical examination in the hospital next week.
我们将于下周在医院进行体检。
知识拓展
-al是形容词的后缀，类似的还有：
national 国家的；民族的
natural 天然的；自然的
chemical 化学的
historical 历史的
biological 生物的提示即学即用
用physics的相关词填空
(1)Einstein won Nobel Prize for________(物理)．
(2)He is our teacher of________(物理)．
(3)His father is a________in a hospital.
(4)Newton is a great________.
(5)The change of temperature can cause________changes as well as chemical changes.
答案：(1)physics (2)physics (3)physician
(4)physicist (5)physical
5．characteristic n. 特征；特性adj. 特有的，独特的；典型的
Cheerfulness is a characteristic of his.
快乐是他的一个特征。
He spoke with characteristic enthusiasm.
他以特有的热情说话。
即学即用
语法填空
Apart from blue eyes, golden hair is also a________for Swedish people.
答案：characteristic 句意：除了蓝眼睛，对瑞典人来说金黄色头发也是他们的特征。characteristic“特有的(特征)”，符合句意。
6．leading adj. 主要的；领先的
The company is the leading software provider in the PC markets.
这家公司是个人电脑市场的主要软件供应商。
知识拓展
play a leading role/part in sth.在某事中起主导作用
leader n．领袖；领导 lead v．领导；带领
lead to通向；通往；导致(to是介词＋n./pron./doing)
lead a．..life 过着……的生活即学即用
完成句子
(1)她应邀在那部电视连续剧中扮演主角。
She was offered________ ________ ________in the TV series.
(2)世界上有多少人仍旧生活在贫困线以下？
How many people are still________ ________ ______under the poverty line in the world?
答案：(1)the leading role (2)leading a life
7．figure n. 人物
①In the rice-growing world, the Chinese scientist, Yuan Longping, is a leading figure.
在水稻种植领域，中国的科学家袁隆平是一位领军人物。
②The central figure in the painting is the artist's daughter.
画中间的那个人是画家的女儿。
③I could see a tall figure near the door.
我可以看见门附近有一个高大的人影。知识拓展
(1)figure n.数字；人物；体态，身材；图(形)；
(雕塑或画出的)形象
vt.计算；想象，认为
(2)figure out 计算出；想出；弄明白
(3)keep one's figure 保持体态苗条
④Can you figure out how to do it?
你能想出怎么做吗？巧学助记
figure含义即学即用
写出句中figure的意思。
①Tom is an important figure in the small town.( )
②The figure on Page 15 shows the changing of the rainfall in this area.( )
③I will exercise more to keep my figure.( )
④Add all the figures, and you'll get a larger one.( )
⑤I saw lonely figure on the beach.( )
⑥We must figure out how to solve the problem.( )
答案：①人物 ②图表 ③身材，体型 ④数字 ⑤身影 ⑥弄明白
8．educate vt.教育
It's a difficult task to educate children.
教育孩子是件困难的事情。知识拓展
(1)educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的
He is an educated man.
他是个受过教育的人。
She is a highly educated woman and acts very properly.
她是一个很有教养的女士，举止非常得体。
(2)education n．[U]教育
The main topic of the meeting is about children's education.
这次会议的主要议题是儿童教育。
(3)educational adj.教育的
The sixth grade saw an educational film yesterday.
六年级的学生昨天看了一部教育片。
即学即用
语法填空
The public should ________(educate) in how to use energy more effectively.
答案：be educated 句意：公众应该接受如何更有效利用能源的教育，由句意可知用被动语态。
9．publish vt. 出版
When was the book first published?
这本书何时开始出版的？知识拓展
(1)publish 还有“发行，刊登；发表，公布，公开”之意。
We can't publish all the letters we have received.
我们无法刊登所有来信。
The latest unemployment figures will be published tomorrow.
最新的失业数字将于明日公布。
(2)publisher n. 出版者，出版商 publishing adj. 出版的，出版业的 publishing house 出版社辨析：publish与come out
The new novel has been published.
＝The new novel has come out.
新小说已经出版了。
即学即用
语法填空
The pictures of the suspects________(publish) in all the daily newspapers.
答案：were published publish“刊登”。句意为：嫌疑犯的照片被刊登在各家日报上。由句意可知用被动语态。10．develop
(1)vt. & vi. 发展；(使)发育；(使)发达
She believes that sports can develop mind and body.
她相信运动有益于身心发展。
develop one's English speaking skills
培养英语会话技巧
(2)vt. 开发(土地，资源，新产品)
We need to develop solar energy even further.
我们必须更进一步地开发太阳能。
(3)vt. 慢慢养成(习惯)；培养(兴趣，嗜好等)；患(病)
He developed an interest in music.
他培养出了对音乐的兴趣。
(4)vt. 冲洗(照片)
Photographers return and the photos are quickly developed.
摄影记者回来后，很快把照片冲洗好了。
知识拓展
development n. 发展
develop into 发展成为
a developing country 发展中国家
a developed country 发达国家即学即用
语法填空
(1)One of the best ways for people to keep fit is to________healthy eating habits.
答案：develop develop“形成；开发”。句意为“人们保持健康的最好方式之一就是养成健康的饮食习惯”。
(2)(北京高考改编) Our friendship ________(develop) quickly over the weeks that followed.
答案：developed 本题考查时态。 句意：我们的友谊接下去的几周发展的非常快。over the weeks that followed为过去的时间状语，强调过去的事实，故用一般过去时。
11．type n.
(1)类型；种类
It is the first car of its type to have this design feature.
这是同类型汽车中首部具备这种设计特点的汽车。
(2)典型；具有某种特征的人
He's not the type to be unfaithful.
他不是背信弃义的人。
(3)文字；字体；活字
The type is too small for me to read.
这种印刷文字太小，我看不清。
v. 打字；打印
How fast can you type?
你打字有多快？
辨析：kind, sort与type
(1)kind特指性质相同，且有极相似特征的东西，比较笼统、模糊；而sort指大体相似的东西，它们常通用；type指“型；类型”等，比较具体和肯定。
①What kind of tree is this?
这是哪一种树？
②What sort of book do you want?
你想要本什么样的书？
③I saw a new type of car in front of his house.
我在他的房前看见一辆新型的小汽车。
(2)在非正式文体中，sort of和kind of也可用于听起来不那么肯定，较为模糊的词组和句子。可与名词、动词、形容词连用。在美国英语中，更多使用kind of。
即学即用
The boss told his secretary that he had some papers____(type)．
答案：to be typed 句意：老板告诉他的秘书他有一些文件要打印。此处type与the boss之间无直接逻辑关系，因此用不定式的被动形式。
12．replace vt.取代，以……代替；放回原处
①The new rice replaced vegetables in 50 thousand square kilometres.
新品种水稻代替了5万平方千米的蔬菜。
②Can anything replace a mother's love?
有什么东西能代替母爱吗？知识拓展
(1)replace sb./sth. 取代某人/某物
replace sb./sth.with sb./sth. 用……替换……
replace sth.＋介词或副词 把某物放回……
(2)同义短语：
in place of sb./sth＝in sb's/sth.'s place＝take the place of 取代，代替
③It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with snacks.
不吃正餐，改吃点心，这不是什么好主意。
④Replace the magazines after reading.
杂志阅览后请放回原处。
即学即用
根据语境及汉语提示用replace的适当形式完成句子。
(1)Teachers will never be_____________________________ (代替) by computers.
(2)All the old carpets need_____________________(更换)．
(3)I____________________(放回)the cup carefully in the saucer. (4)She couldn't attend the meeting so her assistant replaced her.
＝She couldn't attend the meeting so her assistant_______her.
＝She couldn't attend the meeting so her assistant__________.
＝She couldn't attend the meeting so her assistant attended it_________________her.
＝She couldn't attend the meeting so her assistant attended it______________her.
答案：(1)replaced (2)replacing/to be replaced
(3)replaced (4)took the place of; took her place；in place of; instead of
13．convert v．改变；转换
①50 thousand square kilometres of rice fields were converted to growing vegetables and other cash crops.
5万平方千米的稻田被用来种植蔬菜和其他经济作物。
②I want to convert some RMB into US dollars.
我想把一些人民币换成美元。知识拓展
(1)convert(sth.)to/into sth. 把……转变成
convert sb.from...to 把某人由……改变为……
convert to Christianity 改信基督教
(2)conversion n．转变，变换
③She succeeded in converting me to her point of view.
她成功地让我认同了她的观点。
④Using this software, you can convert the sound file to an MP3 file.
使用这个软件，你可将该声音文件转化成MP3格式的文件。
即学即用
根据提示完成下列句子。
(1)The solar cell can________the energy of sunlight ________electric energy.
太阳能电池能把阳光的能量转化为电能。
(2)All the bank bill__________________cash.
所有的银行票据都兑换成了现金。
答案：①convert; into ②was converted into
14．quantity n．数量
①A yield refers to quantity(eg of food)．
产量指的是(食品的)数量。
②It was a bad year for films，in terms of both quantity and quality.
今年的电影无论从数量上还是质量上都说不上好。知识拓展
a large quantity of 大量的
large quantities of 大量的；许多的
in quantity 大量地
③If you buy it in quantity, it's a lot cheaper.
大批量购买要便宜得多。
④Large quantities of books were sent to the library.
大量的书被送到了图书馆。点津quantity短语用法
(1)a quantity of和quantities of既可修饰可数名词复数，也可修饰不可数名词。
(2)a quantity of修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数常依据of后面的名词而定，若是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式，若是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式。
(3)quantities of短语作主语时，无论of后接可数名词复数还是不可数名词，谓语动词都用复数形式。
即学即用
完成句子
他在教育孩子方面花了许多钱。
①A quantity of money________________in bringing up his children.
②Quantities of money__________________in bringing up his children.
答案：①has been spent ②have been spent
15．export vt. 出口 n．[C，U]出口(商品)
India exports tea and cotton to many countries.
印度向许多国家出口茶叶和棉花。
Wool is one of the chief exports of Australia.
羊毛是澳大利亚的主要出口产品之一。
知识拓展
import vt. 进口 n．[C，U]进口(商品)
The country has to import most of its raw materials.
这个国家大多数原料均依赖进口。
即学即用
语法填空
—Can you tell me anything about the factory?
—It is very modern and about 80 percent of its products are ________ to foreign countries.
答案：exported export“出口”。答语句意为：这家工厂很先进，他们大约百分之八十的产品出口到外国。bring up
(1)抚养；养育(raise)；教养
They were brought up to respect the old.
他们从小就被教导尊敬老人。
(2)呕吐
She caught a cold and felt very sick. After a while, she brought up her lunch.
她感冒了，感觉特别难受，过了一会儿，她把午饭吐出来了。
(3)提出(话题等)
Bring up the suggestion at the meeting.
请把此议案在会议上提出来。
(4)调出；使显示在屏幕上
Click with the right mouse button to bring up a new menu.
单击鼠标右键，调出另一个新菜单。知识拓展
bring forth 生产；生(孩子)
bring forward 把……提前；提出
bring out 生产；制造；使显露
bring back 回忆；使返回；归还；带回来；恢复；还原
bring down 使倒下；减低；降低；使崩溃
bring in 获利；赚；求援；介绍；引进；推广；吸收；参加
注意：grow up意为“成长；长大”；和主语是主谓关系，而bring up意为“抚养；养大”；与主语是动宾关系。
一言辨异
Tom grew up on a small farm and was brought up by his uncle.
汤姆在一家小农场长大，是由叔叔抚养大的。即学即用
语法填空
(1)Born into a family with three brothers, David was brought________ to value the sense of sharing.
答案：up bring up“培养，教育”。句意：由于出生于一个有着三个兄弟的家庭，戴维被教育要重视分享的意义。
(2)The Internet has brought ________ great changes in the way we work.
答案：about bring about“带来，产生”，符合句意。句意为：因特网给我们的工作方式带来了巨大变化。
(3)Tobacco companies bring________millions of dollars each year for the government.
答案：in bring in带来。句意为：烟草公司每年给政府带来数百万美元的收入。1.In the rice-growing world, the Chinese scientist, Yuan Longping, is a leading figure.
在水稻种植领域，中国的科学家袁隆平是一位杰出人士。
(1)本句中Yuan Longping作the Chinese scientist的同位语。同位语用来对名词(或代词)作进一步解释。它可以是单词、短语或从句。
(2)rice-growing“种植水稻的”，“名词＋v.-ing”构成复合形容词，用作定语。
The tiger is a meat-eating animal.
老虎是肉食动物。即学即用
语法填空
(1)Many students signed up for the________(800米)race in the sports meeting to be held next week.
答案：800-meter-long 考查复合形容词的用法，有连字符的名词不用复数形式。
(2)(江苏高考改编)The notice came around two in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be postponed.
答案：that 考查名词性从句。空格后面的句子说明了notice的具体内容，是同位语从句；从句语意完整， 故用that引导。2．He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.
他认为解决人们吃饭问题的关键在于拥有更多的大米，并且能更快地生产出来。
to have more rice and to produce it more quickly是不定式短语，在句中做表语。
①My task is to take good care of you.
我的任务就是照顾好你。
②His aim is to get the first place.
他的目标是拿第一。
注意：在现代英语中，做表语的不定式符号to往往省略，特别当句中含有do的某种形式时。
The first thing for you to do is(to) clean it and peel it.
你需要做的第一件事就是把它洗净，削皮。 (1)the key to... ……的关键
其中to是介词，其后要跟名词、代词或动名词，类似的用法还有：
the answer to the question 问题的答案
the key to the door 门的钥匙
notes to the text 课本注释
an end to the meeting 会议的结束
the entrance to the building 大厦的入口 (2)feed v. 喂养；养活；饲养
feed...on...“用……喂……”；feed后接喂养对象，on后接食物。此时亦可用feed...with...“把……喂给……”；feed...to...; feed后接喂的东西，to后接喂养对象。即学即用
(1)—How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
—The key________(solve)the problem is to meet the demand________(make)by the customers.
答案：to solving; made the key to sth.“……的关键”；第二空为过去分词短语作定词。
(2)He________the dog________a big bone.
答案：fed; on feed A on B意为“用B喂养A”。
3．He thought there was only one way to do this——by crossing different species of rice plant, and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants.
他想只有一种方法可以做这件事——通过杂交不同品种的水稻，然后他可以培育出一种新的水稻，这种水稻可以比原先的任何一种产量更高。句法分析(2)(one)way to do sth.＝(one)way of doing sth.做……的方法
by doing sth.通过……的方式
①He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
他有一种奇特的办法，能使他上的课生动有趣。
②What is the best way to clean this?
清理这个最好的方法是什么？
③You can improve your spoken English by practising as often as possible.
你可以通过尽可能多地练习来提高英语口语。即学即用
完成句子
①He passed the exam____________________________.
他通过努力学习通过了考试。
②I wish I knew a way of__________________quickly.
但愿我懂得一种快速致富的手段。
③Try to find your own way to__________________.
尽量用你自己的方式来表达这个意见。
答案：①by working hard ②making money ③express the ideaⅠ.单词拼写
1．The family ________(原来) came from France.
2．Have you seen the film Titanic, whose ________(主要的)actor is world-famous?
3．That building has been________(转换)into a school.
4．Some ________(物种)of animals have become extinct because they could not adapt to the changing environment.
5．Einstein and Churchill were among the outstanding______(人物)of the 20th century.6．When will the dictionary be ________(出版)?
7．A scientist must produce evidence in ________(支持)of a theory.
8．Surgeons have made a great ________(突破)in the kidney transplantation.
9．Their products are not only sold well at home, but also ________(出口)to Japan，the USA, etc.
10．This new model is of high________(质量) and is not expensive, either.
答案：1.originally 2.leading 3.converted 4.species
5．figures 6.published 7.support 8.breakthrough
9．exported 10.qualityⅡ.用适当的介词或副词填空
1. His parents died when he was a little child.He was brought ________ by his uncle.
2. ________ a result ________ his hard work，he got full marks in the English contest yesterday.
3. Practice has proved that economic growth is the key ______ solving the problem of poverty.
4. He continued his search ________ a better understanding ________ nature.
5. A chemical reaction is a process in which one species is converted ________ another.6. In Pakistan rice is the second most important crop ______ wheat.
7. Yuan Longping began experiments ________ crop breeding from an early age. First he experimented ________ different types ________rice. Then he began his search ______ a special type of rice plant.
8. ________ crossing different species ________ rice plant, he produced a new plant.
答案：1.up 2.As; of 3.to 4.for; of 5.to 6.after
7．in; with; of; for 8.By; ofⅢ.语法填空
1．Their tent, ________ light as a feather, remained firm in the storm last night.
答案：though 本题考查省略的用法。though 引导的分句中省略了it is。句意为：他们的帐篷虽然很轻，但昨晚它仍牢牢地立在狂风中。
2．If you ________ be in time for the early bus, be sure to get up before five in the morning.
答案：are to 句意：如果你要及时赶头班车，要确保早上五点前起床。if 引导的条件状语从句，常用一般现在时表示将来时态。be to do表计划、打算。3．The bank has offered a reward(奖赏) for any information ________(lead) the arrest of the men.
答案：leading to 句意：银行悬赏搜集信息，以便将那些人绳之以法。lead to “导致，通向”。leading to the arrest of the men 作定语修饰information。
4．Lenovo is famous for the ________(produce) of personal computers.
答案：protection 句意：联想集团以生产个人电脑著名，production“生产”，符合题意。5．Though he didn't agree with us at first, we soon ________him to our way of thinking.
答案：converted 句意：尽管他开始不同意我们，但是我们很快让他改变了，和我们思路一样。convert“使改变”，符合题意。
6．The author gave an example in support ________ his argument.
答案：of 句意：作者举例来支持他的辩论。in support of“支持……”。7．They ________(experiment) a new type of engines.
答案：experimented with 句意：他们用一种新型的发动机进行实验。experiment with“用……做实验”。
8．He was brought ________ by his uncle in the village.
答案：up 句意：他由他的叔叔在那个山村中抚养长大。bring up“教育，培养；使成长，呕吐”。
9．The key ________(succeed) is hard-working.
答案：to succeeding 句意：成功的关键是努力工作。考查短语the key to doing sth.“做某事的关键”，to是介词，后跟动名词。
10．So far, quantities of time ________ spent playing his computer games.
答案：have been 句意：到目前为止，他把大量的时间都花在玩电脑游戏上了。由so far推断句子应用现在完成时态；quantities of＋名词＋复数谓语动词。Module 4 第二课时
Ⅰ.用括号中动词的适当形式填空
1．Xiaowang, you______________________(want) in the office.
2．I__________________(invite) to the concert last night.
3．We hope that an agreement__________________________(arrive at)．
4．He said that the bridge______________________(build) next year.
5．The party__________________(plan) since the new year.
6．The book__________________(sell out) when I got there.
7．Our class__________________(teach) by Miss Xie for one more year.
8．This question__________________(discuss) at the meeting now.
9．When I called, tea__________________(serve)．
10．Something must______________________(do) to stop these accidents.
答案：1.are wanted 2.was invited 3.will be arrived at
4．would be built 5.has been planned 6.had been sold out
7．will be taught 8.is being discussed 9.was being served
10．be done
Ⅱ.句型转换
1．全世界都踢足球。
Football________ ________all over the world.
2．他的腿在一次车祸中骨折了。
His leg________ ________in a car accident.
3．刚才有人听到他唱歌。
He________ ________ ________ ________a song just now.
4．一定要充分利用时间。
Time must________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
5．孩子将被很好地照顾。
The children________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
6．这首诗读起来流畅。
The poem________smoothly.
答案：1.is played 2.was broken 3.was heard to sing 4.be made good use of 5.will be taken good care of 6.reads
Ⅲ.句型转换
1．He told her a long story.
→She________ ________a long story.
→A long story________ ________to her (by him)．
2．We often see her read English in the morning.
→She________ ________ ________ ________ ________ English in the morning.
3．Have you sent for the doctor?
→________ the doctor ________ ________ ________？
4．They say that James is an expert on DNA.
→________ ________ ________ ________ James is an expert on DNA.
→James________ ________ ________ ________an expert on DNA.
5．Someone told me where the accident had happened.
→________ ________ ________ where the accident had happened.
答案：1.was told；was told 2.is often seen to read 3.Has；been sent for 4. It is said that；is said to be 5.I was told
Ⅳ.语法填空
1．(2014·宿州高一检测改编)—Why do you look so worried?
—My computer broke down and my essay________(leave)unfinished since.
答案：has been left 句意：——你看上去为什么这么烦噪？——我的电脑坏了，我的论文还没有完成。空格处句子的主语是my essay，应该用被动语态。又根据句后的since，可知应该选择完成时的被动语态。
2．Between 2010 and 2012，the mumber of overseas visitors expanded________27%.
答案：by 句意：从2010年到2012年，海外游客的人数增加了27%。by＋百分数表示上升了……百分数；空格后面是百分数，而不是具体的数字，所以只能用by“增加了27%”。
3．This kind of bike________(sell)well. All the bikes here________(sell out) so far.
答案：sells; have been sold out 第一个空表示主语的性能，故sell不用被动语态；第二个空根据句意“这儿的所有自行车迄今为止都已卖光了”可判断出应用现在完成时的被动语态。
4．Tim________(unemploy)since he lost his job three weeks ago.
答案：has been unemployed 句意：自从三周前失去工作，蒂姆就一直失业。由since可知主句应用现在完成时态；并且Tim和unemploy之间是被动关系，所以用现在完成时被动语态。
5．(2014·北京高一检测改编)I am fed up________this constant rain and long________a clear day.
答案：with; for 句意：我讨厌持续不断的下雨，盼望着天空放晴。be fed up with对……厌烦；long for盼望。
6．The goods________(just unload)when we arrived at the airport.
答案：were just being unloaded 句意，当我们到机场的时候正在卸装物。tha goods和unload之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。
7．(2014·上海高一检测改编)He said that his bike________stolen and he________telephone the police.
答案：had been; would have to 句意：他说他的自行车被偷了，并且他想要打电话报警。his bike作主语，谓语动词用被动。第一个空是过去完成时的被动语态，第二个空是过去将来时。
8．—Have you got your test result?
—Not yet. The papers________(still correct)．
答案：are still being corrected 句意：——你知道你的考试结果了吗？——还不知道。试卷正在批改。根据题意应选用现在进行时的被动语态。
9．—I wonder if I can use your bike for a while.
—Sorry, it________(break)．
答案：is broken 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：——我能用一会儿你的自行车吗？——对不起，我的自行车坏了。根据对话情景应该使用一般现在时，而此处是表示自行车的状态，应该使用系表结构。
10．Cheerleaders test their skills by________(take part in) competitions against cheerleaders from other schools, just like other athletes.
答案：taking part in 句意：拉拉队队员通过和别的学校的拉拉队队员竞争来测试他们的技能，就像其他运动员一样。by＋v.-ing形式可表示做某事的方式，符合题意。
Ⅴ.完形填空
The famous scientist Albert Einstein died in 1995. His__1__now is in the central state of Kansas of the U．S. It belongs to a retired(退休的)__2__doctor, Thomas Harvey.__3__did this happen? And why?
In the 1950s, Albert Einstein and Thomas Harvey__4__each other when they both lived in Princeton, New Jersey. Einstein was working at Princeton University__5__Doctor Harvey was working at Princeton Hospital. When Einstein died, Doctor Harvey was__6__to examine his body. It was then that he started to study__7__has become a long time examination of Einstein's brain. His goal was to__8__some physical evidence(证据)of the scientist's genius(才华)．
Doctor Harvey，__9__did not tell Einstein's family that he__10__the great man's brain. It was only later__11__the family learned of Doctor Harvey's work. They did not__12__the idea at first. After Doctor Harvey explained his idea to them, they agreed to__13__him to study the brain. Doctor Harvey then asked__14__scientists to help. They cut the brain__15__three pieces. They marked each piece before placing it in containers__16__chemical formaldehyde(甲醛)to protect it. Doctor Harvey has been__17__Einstein's brain since then. He has carried it with him as he moved from place to place. He has also lent parts of the brain to other scientists__18__study.
Only one researcher has found something__19__. A doctor at the University of California found that the left part of Einstein's brain has more certain cells(细胞)than__20__. Such cells are known to feed brain. This may mean that the cells could affect intelligence.
1．A.body B．heart
C．brain D．head
答案：C 从后文可知是爱因斯坦的大脑被保存在美国的Kansas州。
2．A.actual B．chemical
C．natural D．medical
答案：D 一个退休的医学博士。
3．A.What B．How
C．Who D．Which
答案：B 这是怎么回事呢？
4．A.realized B．recognized
C．learned D．knew
答案：D 两个人都住在普林斯顿城，因此互相认识。
5．A.as B．because
C．while D．since
答案：C while表示对比转折，意为“然而”。
6．A.called on B．called out
C．sent up D．sent off
答案：A call on此处意为“要求(某人做某事)”。
7．A.which B．how
C．that D．what
答案：D study后是一个宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，故用连接代词what引导。
8．A.invent B．discover
C．prove D．examine
答案：B 他的目的是从身体方面找出爱因斯坦聪明的证据。
9．A.perhaps B．therefore
C．thus D．however
答案：D 由上下文语境可知此处表转折关系，故用副词however。
10．A.bought B．sold
C．kept D．made
答案：C 但他并没有告诉爱因斯坦的家人他保存着他的大脑。
11．A.that B．when
C．before D．after
答案：A 此处为强调句型It was...that...
12．A.hear of B．like
C．suggest D．offer
答案：B 当爱因斯坦的家人知道此事后，开始他们是不认同这个主意的。
13．A.promise B．let
C．have D．permit
答案：D 后来他们同意让他研究爱因斯坦的大脑。
14．A.other two B．two other
C．more two D．two another
答案：B “另外两个科学家”，用two other scientists或another two scientists。
15．A.off B．by
C．into D．about
答案：C cut...into three pieces “把……切成三块”。
16．A.for B．about
C．of D．with
答案：D with此意为“带有；装有”。
17．A.learning B．studying
C．searching D．selling
答案：B 全文一直在讲“研究”爱因斯坦的大脑。
18．A.for B．on
C．into D．about
答案：A for study“以供研究”，for表示目的。
19．A.easy B．difficult
C．particular D．common
答案：C 有一个科学家发现了特别的东西。
20．A.ever B．enough
C．usual D．normal
答案：D 某种细胞比正常情况下多一些。
Ⅵ.阅读理解
He lived his whole life as a poor man. His art and talent were recognized by almost no one. He suffered from a mental illness that led him to cut off part of his left ear in 1888 and to shoot himself two years later. But in his death, he achieved world fame. Today, Dutch artist Van Gogh is recognized as one of the leading artists of all time.
Now, 150 years after his birth on March 30, 1853, Zundert, the town of his birth, has made 2003“The Van Gogh Year”in his honour. And the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam, home to the biggest collection of his masterpieces, is marking the anniversary with exhibitions through the year. The museum draws around 1.3 million visitors every year. Some people enjoy the art and then learn about his life. Others are first interested in his life, which then helps them understand his art.
Van Gogh was the son of a minister. He left school when he was just 15. By the age of 27, he had already tried many jobs including an art gallery salesman and a French teacher. Finally in 1880, he decided to begin his studies in art.
Van Gogh is famed for his ability to put his own emotions(情感)into his paintings and show his feelings about a scene. His style is marked by short, broad brush strokes(绘画笔法). “Instead of trying to reproduce exactly what I have before my eyes, I use colour more freely, in order to express myself more forcibly，”he wrote in a letter to his brother in 1888.
Van Gogh sold only one painting during his short life. He relied heavily on support from his brother, an art dealer who lived in Paris. But now his works are sold for millions of dollars. His Portrait of Dr Gachet sold for US $ 89.5 million in 1990. It is the powerful and the brilliant colours in them are attractive to people，”said a Van Goah's fan.
1．All through his life Van Gogh________.
A．depended on his brother
B．worked hard on his dream
C．was not recognized by people
D．expressed himself in paintings
答案：C 细节理解题。由第一段前两句“He lived his whole life as a poor man. His art and talent were recognized by almost no one.”可知，凡·高活着的时候没有得到人们的认可。
2．Van Gogh killed himself because of________.
A．the poor life
B．his illness
C．his pain from the left ear
D．the refusal by artists of his time
答案：B 细节理解题。由第一段第三句可知导致凡·高自杀的原因是他得了精神病。
3．One of the characteristic of Van Gogh's paintings is____.
A．the likeness between his printings and the reality
B．the short time for him to complete a painting
C．the various styles mixed together
D．the special strokes he made
答案：D 细节理解题。由第四段第二句“His style is marked by short, broad brush strokes.”可得出答案。
4．The selling of his paintings is considered to be the most successful because________.
A．more and more people like his paintings
B．people can understand him through his paintings
C．1.3 million people visit his paintings museum every year
D．Zundert has made 2003“The Van Gogh Year”in his honour
答案：A 细节理解题。因为越来越多的人喜欢凡·高的作品，他的作品才得以高价出售，大获成功。
Ⅶ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
In the United States, there were 222 people __1__(report) to be billionaires (亿万富翁) in 2003. The__2__of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $41 billion, who made his money__3__starting the company Microsoft. Mr. Gates was only 21 years old__4__he first helped to set up the company in 1976. He was a billionaire__5__the time.__6__， there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even__7__(young) ages. Other young people who have struck it rich include Jackie Coogan and Shirley Temple.__8__of these child actors made over a million dollars__9__(act) in movies before they were 14. But__10__youngest billionaire is Albert von Thurn und Taxis of Germany, who, in 2001, inherited (继承) a billion dollars when he turned 18.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．reported report与people之间是动宾关系，故用reported作后置定语。
2．richest/wealthiest 表示最富有的，故用最高级richest或wealthiest。
3．by by starting通过开办……by＋doing表示通过……方式。
4．when when引导时间状语从句。
5．by by the time到……为止。
6．However However前后表示转折关系。
7．younger even＋比较级表示更小的年纪。
8．Both 上文提到的两个人，故用both。
9．acting act与主语之间是主动关系。
10．the 最高级用冠词the。
【辽宁卷题型】
A：I'd like__1__send this parcel to Australia.
B：Certainly. Could you put__2__on the scales, so I can check the weight.
A：Sure. It's not very heavy.
B：That's 850 grams. The cost__3__(depend) on how you would like to send it.
A：I see. What are the options? I suppose airmail is faster and__4__expensive than surface mail.
B：That's right.__5__(send) it by airmail will cost twelve dollars and sending it__6__surface mail will cost eight dollars.
A：How long will it__7__to get there?
B：Airmail should take four or five days and surface mail should take about two__8__(week)．
A：In__9__case, I'll send it by airmail. I'd like to send it as a__10__(register) parcel.
B：No problem. That's one dollar extra.
A：There's thirteen dollars.
B：There's your receipt. Goodbye.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．to 考查固定搭配。would like to do sth.意为：想做某事。
2．it 考查代词用法。it代指this parcel。
3．depends 考查动词单复数。主语为the cost为单数。
4．more 考查形容词比较级。根据上文faster可知此处用more expensive。
5．Sending 考查动名词用法。此处为动名词做主语。
6．by 考查介词。by 意为：通过。
7．take 考查动词用法。take此处意为： 花费。
8．weeks 考查名词单复数。两个星期用two weeks。
9．that 考查固定搭配。in that case 意为：如果那样的话。
10．registered 考查非谓语动词。此处为过去分词作定语。
课件79张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 · 必修4 Great ScientistsModule 41.1.1 集合的概念第二课时 Grammar1.1.1 集合的概念Module 4Ⅰ.被动语态
根据汉语完成句子，体会句中时态的用法。
①We________also________a lot of homework to do.
我们也有很多作业要做。
②I________________to go to Harbin on business yesterday.
我昨天被要求去哈尔滨出差了。
③A speech________________this afternoon.
今天下午有一个演讲。aregivenwas askedwill be given④A new school _________________in our village.
一所新学校正在我们村建设。
⑤The machine________________ at this time yesterday。
昨天的这个时候，机器正在被修理。
⑥Two hundred trees___________________by now.
到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。is being builtwas being repairedhave been plantedⅡ.by＋v.-ing形式
根据汉语完成句子。
①I tried to wake up my wife____________the doorbell，but she was fast asleep.
我按响了门铃，试图唤醒我的妻子，但她睡得很熟。
②She earned money_____________.
她通过写作赚钱。by bringingby writing
1.career n．[C]生涯；经历；职业，事业
She spent most of her career working in laboratory.
她工作生涯中的大部分时间都是在实验室度过的。
look back on a successful career
对成功经历的回顾
She started her career as an English teacher.
她以当英语教师开始了她的职业生涯。辨析：career, occupation与 profession
He's already mapped out his whole future career.
他对自己未来的事业有了周详的计划。
Coal mining has always been a dangerous occupation.
采煤向来是一种危险职业。
Does she really think of adopting teaching as a profession?
她真想拿教书作正式的职业吗？
即学即用
语法填空
Model as a ________ appeals to many young girls because of the fascinating T-stage.
答案：career career“职业，事业”，符合句意。句意为：模特，作为一种职业，吸引众多年轻女性的原因是它那迷人的T型舞台。
2．brief adj. 简短的，简洁的；短暂的
Please be brief because I'm in a hurry.
我有急事，请长话短说。
He wrote me a brief letter because of the shortage of time.
因为时间紧迫，他给我写了一封短信。
知识拓展
(1)briefly adv. 简要地；扼要地
Briefly, I think we should accept his offer.
简言之，我认为我们应该接受他的提议。
(2)固定搭配：to be brief简而言之(作插入语)
To be brief, it is not my type.
简言之，这不是我喜欢的类型。
in brief简言之；一言以蔽之
Give your reason(s) in brief.
简单说明你的理由。
(3)brief and to the point 简单扼要
The letter he wrote was brief and to the point.
他写的这封信简明扼要。
辨析：in brief与 in short
There is not much time left, so I'll tell you about it in brief.
时间不多，所以我会简明扼要地告诉你。
In short, he was careless.
总之，他粗心大意。即学即用
语法填空
(1)It's a long letter, but ________brief, he says“No”．
答案：in in brief“简短地”，此处，in brief(＝in a word, in short) 用作插入语，句意为：信很长，但简言之，他拒绝了。
(2)No one likes long speeches, so Tom just made a(n)________ one that was well received.
答案：brief brief“简短的”，与前半句的“long”形成对比。句意为：没有人喜欢太长的演说，因此汤姆只作了一个易于接受的简短的演讲。
3．graduate vi.毕业 n．[C](大学)毕业生
After he graduated, he continued to devote himself to research.
毕业之后他继续致力于研究工作。
Nearly half of the high school graduates in America go on to college.
美国中学毕业生中将近一半人要念大学。 知识拓展
(1)graduate 是终止性动词。
It's two years since he graduated.
他毕业已经两年了。
(2)graduate from 从……毕业
These graduates all graduated from the University of Oxford.
这些大学生都毕业于牛津大学 。
(3)graduation n．[U]毕业；毕业典礼
What are you going to do after graduation?
毕业后你打算干什么？
Many visitors came to last year's graduation.
许多客人参加了去年的毕业典礼。
即学即用
语法填空
—How long have you been a doctor?
—Since 1995, when I ________ (graduate)from college.
答案：graduated graduate from“从……毕业”。句意为：——你当医生多久了？——自从1995年我大学毕业以来。由句意可知用一般过去时。
4．personal adj.个人的
In my personal opinion, I am against the plan.
依我个人的意见，我反对这个计划。知识拓展
(1)personally adv.就个人而言
Personally, I don't like the skirt at all.
就我而言，我一点都不喜欢这条裙子。
(2)personality n．[C]性格；个性；人格
The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality of children.
教育的目的是发展孩子完美的品格。辨析：personal 与private
The car is for your personal use only.
这部车只供你个人使用。
He never talks about his private life at work.
他上班时从不谈论他的私人生活。
即学即用
语法填空
After the president made an official announcement, she expressed her ________ opinion.
答案：personal personal“个人的”，符合题意。句意为：总统发表正式讲话之后，她表达了自己的(个人的)意见。5．case n.
(1)事例；病例
(2)特殊情况；事例；实情
(3)案件
①There are five cases of high fever.
有5个发高烧的病人。
②Such being the case, you can't go away.
既然情况如此，你就不能离开。知识拓展
in any case 无论如何；总之
in case 万一；以防
in case of 要是；如果；万一
①In any case, you'll have to be at the station by nine.
无论如何，你九点钟得到车站。
②In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.
如遇大火，即按警铃。
③Take warm clothes in case that the weather is cold.
带些暖和衣服，以防天气变冷。即学即用
语法填空
(1)________fire, all exits must be kept clear.
答案：In case of 考查介词短语的用法。句意为：万一发生火灾，所有的出口必须保持畅通无阻。in case of意为“万一；以防”，符合句意。
(2)(辽宁高考改编)Leave your key with your neighbor ________ you lock yourself out one day.
答案：in case 本题考查连词的用法。句意：留一把钥匙给你的邻居，以防某天你把自己锁在外面。in case“以防，万一”，符合句意。1.be known for 因为……而著名；其后常跟表示人或物的特点、特长等方面的词语。
The islands are known for their hospitality.
岛上的居民以好客闻名。知识拓展
(1)be known as 作为……而著名；以……而著称，其后常跟表示身份、职业的名词。
She was well known as an excellent dancer.
她被称为一位杰出的舞蹈家。
(2)be known to……为某人所知。
The beggar is known to everybody in the neighbourhood.
住在这个地区的人都知道这个乞丐。
即学即用
语法填空
(1)Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his________(well-known)one.
答案：best-known well-known的比较级和最高级分别为better-known和best-known。根据句意比较范围是他写的所有的歌“all the songs”，判断应用最高级。 (2)完成句子
①杭州以西湖而闻名。
Hangzhou ________ ________ ________ the West Lake.
②这就是人们所说的“适者生存”。
This was what ________ ________ ________ “the survival of the fittest”．
③中国人对火药熟知比欧洲人早得多。
The use of gunpowder ________ ________ ________ the Chinese long before the Europeans.
答案：①is known for ②was known as
③was known to
2．earn one's living 谋生
He earned his living by teaching.
他以教书谋生。
知识拓展
(1)同义短语：make a(one's)living 谋生
(2)earn可以加双宾语earn sb.sth. “为某人赢得某物”
(3)earn money＝make money 挣钱(注意make money不是“造钱”)
即学即用
单句改错
These peasants earn their livings by growing flowers.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：livings改为living
3．come to power 开始执政；当权；上台
The Labor Party came to power in 1945.
工党在1945年开始执政。
知识拓展
in power 当权
take power 当权；执政
put... into power 使执政/上台
have / hold power over sth. 对……有控制权
beyond one's power 不能胜任；力所不能及
即学即用
语法填空
It has been five years since this party came________(power)．Many people wonder whether it will stay on.
答案：to power 句意：这个政党已经执政5年了，许多人想知道它是否还会继续下去。since引导的状语从句，主句用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。come to power“掌权”。
图解语法助记表解语法助记
表一：被动语态的构成表二：被动语态的用法
被动语态的用法巧记
谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。
突出承受者或礼貌，用被动语态错不了。
被动不离“be”“p.p.”，
p．p.前面助动be。
主谓一致莫忘记，句中时态要留意。表三：“by＋v-ing”形式即学即用
语法填空
(1)—What do you think of store shopping in the future?
—Personally，I think it will exist along with home shopping but will never________(replace)．
答案：be replaced 考查时态和语态。 句意：——你认为将来的商店购物会怎么样？——就我个人而言，它会和家庭购物同时存在，但是永远也不会被家庭购物所替代。replace“取代，代替，替换”，是及物动词，用被动语态 (2)In the near future, more advances in the robot technology________(make) by scientists.
答案：will be made 考查时态和语态。通过in the near future可知应该用将来时，且advances与动词make构成被动关系。因此用将来时被动语态。句意：在不久的将来，科学家们将在机器人科技方面取得更多的进步。
(3)All visitors to this village ________(treat) with kindness.
答案：are treated 考查动词时态和语态。句意：去这个村庄的所有游客都受到了友善地接待。visitors与treat之间为被动关系，且本句话没有明显的表示过去的时间标志，用一般被动语态。
(4)In the last few years, thousands of films ________(produce) all over the world.
答案：have been produced 考查时态和语态。由时间状语In the last few years可知本句应用现在完成时，thousands of films与produce之间存在被动关系，用被动。句意：在过去的几年里，全世界制作了数以千计部电影。
(5)This coastal area________(name) a national wildlife reserve last year.
答案：was named 考查时态和语态。句意：这个沿海地区去年被命名为国家野生动植物保护区。由题干中的时间状语last year可知，要用一般过去时态；area和name之间是被动关系，所以用被动。
(6)Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting________(exhibit) at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.
答案：are being exhibited 考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：天津的传统民间艺术，例如剪纸，正在2010年上海世博会的文化展上展出。句中的主语traditional folk arts是复数，并且与exhibit有被动关系，故用进行时的被动。
(7)It is reported that many a new house________(build)at present in the disaster area.
答案：is being built 考查主谓一致和时态。“many a＋单数名词”作主语，谓语要用单数形式；由时间状语at present可知，要用现在进行时态；house和build之间是被动关系，所以用现在进行时态的被动语态。句意：据报道，目前受灾地区正在建造许多新房子。
(8)Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money—— making jobs they________(promise) before leaving their hometowns.
答案：have been promised 考查动词时态。句意：每年，大批的农民来到深圳，寻找离家前被许诺过的能赚到钱的工作。根据时间状语every year可判断用与现在有关的时态；根据时间状语before leaving their hometowns可判断，农民们在离开家乡之前被许诺能找到赚钱的工作，所以用被动语态。 (9)In the spoken English of some areas in the US，the“r” sounds at the end of the words________(drop)．
答案：are dropped 考查动词时态。句意：在美国一些地区的英语口语中，单词结尾的字母r的发音通常被弱化。根据句意可知，此处描述的是一般情况，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。
(10)You've failed to do what you ________(expect) to and I'm afraid the teacher will blame you.
答案：were expected 考查被动语态。you作主语应该用被动结构，分析句意可知动作发生在failed to do 之前，应该选择过去时态。
(11)Linda, make sure the tables ________(set) before the guests arrive.
答案：are set 考查动词的用法。make sure表示“务必；确信；弄明白”，后面常接of/about sth.或that引导的宾语从句。很明显，此处其后接的是that引导的宾语从句，只不过从句中省略了引导词that。从句中的主语the tables“和谓语动词set之间为动宾关系，所以用被动语态。
(12)The church tower which ________(restore) will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.
答案：is being restored restore“恢复；修复”，和句子的主语有动宾关系，所以用被动语态。根据后面的“The work is almost finished.”可知，动作正在进行，所以用现在进行时的被动语态。
(13)(四川高考改编) They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house ________(rebuilt).
答案： is being rebuilt 本题考查动词的时态和语态。句意：他们目前和父母住在一起，因为他们自己的房子正在被重建。由句意可知，房子是在被重建，故用被动语态，此处表示现在正在进行的动作，因此用现在进行时的被动语态。
(14)(北京高考改编)—Have you heard about that fire in the market?
—Yes, fortunately no one ________(hurt)．
答案：was hurt 本题考查时态及语态。 句意：——你听说在超市发生的那场火灾吗？——是的，幸好没有人员伤亡。火灾发生在过去故用一般过去时，又因为no one与hurt之间为被动关系，用过去时的被动语态。Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I don't want to sound conceited, but I think my new book might be a________(畅销书)．
2．Due to a police mix-up, the robber went free while the________(受害人)was jailed.
3．However________(聪颖) you are, you can't know everything.
4. During the most productive time in her ________(生涯), she wrote five novels.
5．Please tell me what happened in ________(简洁)；don't go into details.
6．He has devoted himself to teaching since he________(毕业)from the school.
7．The surgeon________(诊断) his illness as a rare bone disease.
8．He serves the public wholeheartedly, regardless of his________(个人)gain or loss.
9．P fitness is having a strong healthy body.
10．Einstein gained international recognition in his theory of________(相对论)．
答案：1.best-seller 2.victim 3.brilliant 4.career
5．brief 6.graduated 7.diagnosed 8.personal
9．Physical 10.relativityⅡ.用所给词语的适当形式完成句子
1．The travelers who________ the floods took another road.
2．The Chinese Mao Tai wine________ all over the world.
3．Columbus________America but did not explore the new continent.
4．It's a pity that none of us have________ the driving test.5．________！ You gave a very good performance.
6．Newton discovered the laws of gravity, which is a great________ in science.
7．He was supposed to have________ college two years ago.
8．He used to________by playing football.
9．I like my school, which________its excellent facilities.
10．He didn't know Hera had________about his secret.
答案：1.knew about 2.is popular 3.discovered 4.passed 5.Well done 6.breakthrough 7.graduated from 8.earn their living 9.is famous for 10.found outⅢ.语法填空
1．—How long have you________(employ) at this job?
—Since 1990.
答案：been employed 从答语可知，说话人问的是一段时间，since表示“从过去(某一时间)一直到现在”，因此用现在完成时。
2．If city noises________(not keep) from increasing, people________(have to) shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.
答案：are not kept；will have to keep与noises是动宾关系，主句说的是20年以后的事，故用将来时态。
3．—Do you like the material?
—Yes, it________(feel) very soft.
答案：feels feel意思为“摸起来”，是系动词，不用被动语态，也不用进行时。
4．I need one more stamp before my collection________(complete)．
答案：is completed collection与complete是动宾关系，before从句用一般现在时态表将来。
5．Hundreds of jobs________(lose) if the factory closes.
答案：will be lost if从句用一般现在时态表将来，主句用将来时态；lose jobs“失去工作”。
6．A new cinema ________(build) here. They hope to finish it next month.
答案：is being built 从后面的提示看，这项工程没有完工，故应正在建设中，而且是被动语态。
7．(2014·南平高一检测改编)A new cinema________(build) here. They hope to finish it next mouth.
答案：is being built 句意：新影院正在兴建中，人们希望下个月完工。a new cinema作主语，谓语动词应该用被动。根据后面的句意“下个月完工”，可知现在正在兴建中，故选择现在进行时的被动结构。
8．(2014·宿州高一检测改编)In the fire, all the people in the building were________(help out) ahead of time when the building fell down.
答案：helped out 句意：发生火灾时，大楼里所有人在大楼倒塌之前被提前救了出来。根据句意“人被救出来”，应该选择被动结构。help out帮助，帮助……出来。
9．The stone on the river bank rolled under her feet; she was________(pull) into the river, and she called out for help.
答案：being pulled 句意：河岸的石头滚到她的脚下；把她推到了河里，于是她喊救命。she和空格处的动词构成动宾关系，应该选用被动语态。根据and she called out for help可以看出“当她在被卷入河中时，她喊救命”，所以用being pulled。
10．His sister left home in 1998，and________(not hear of) ever since.
答案：has not been heard of 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：他妹妹于1998年离开了家，之后再也没有听到她的消息。根据时间状语ever since可知，应该使用现在完成时；句子的主语his sister与谓语hear of之间是动宾关系，故应该使用被动语态，故用现在完成时的被动语态。Module 4 第三课时
Ⅰ.根据汉语提示写出单词
1．They are reported to have ________(逃跑) to the other side of the border.
2．He was________(诊断) with cancer.
3．He is one of the________(受害者)of this accident.
4．As a scientist, he is very__________________(才华横溢的)．
5．Give me a________(简洁的) introduction of this machine.
6．The smoke rose________(笔直地)．
7．After the________(爆炸), many things disappeared.
8．She________(毕业) from Beijing University.
9．Regular exercise keeps him in good________(身体的) condition.
10．He shot an________(弓箭) into the air.
答案：1.escaped 2.diagnosed 3.victims 4.brilliant 5．brief 6.straight 7.explosion 8.graduated 9.physical 10.arrow
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．被称为“泉城”的济南因它的72泉而为我们所熟知。
Ji'nan________us________“Springs City”________its 72 springs.
2．如果天气放晴，我们可以出去散步。
If the weather________________，we can go out for a walk.
3．由于碰上了交通堵塞，所以他们耽搁了。
They were caught in the traffic jam，thus__________________.
4．画家靠画画谋生，而教师以教学为生。
Painters__________________by painting while teachers by teaching.
5．这个政党一执政就采取了许多强硬措施制止污染。
The party took some strong measures to prevent pollution after______________________.
6．并非所有的朋友都能同甘共苦。
______________________can share in sorrows as well aS joys.
7．这只鸟很幸运没有被抓住。
The bird was lucky and__________________________.
8．直着往前走，你会找到那个地方的。
______________________and you'll find that place.
答案：1.is known to；as；for 2.clears up 3.causing the delay 4.earn their living 5.coming into power 6.Not all friends 7.escaped being caught 8.Go straight ahead
Ⅲ.语法填空
1．It has been raining for three days. I hope it__________(clear up)
答案：will clear up 根据题干中raining一词可知，本句讲的是天气，hope后可以接从句，并且clear up(天气放晴)用的是主动语态，故用其一般将来时。
2．(2014·琼海高一检测改编)A prisoner by the name of Jack escaped________prison last night.
答案：from 句意：名叫杰克的囚犯昨天晚上从监狱逃走了。escape from从……逃走，后接表示地方的名词。
3．Here are today's headlines________brief.
答案：in 句意：这是今天的标题，很简洁。brief简地地，符合题意。
4．We will have studied English for seven years by the time we________from senior high school.
答案：graduate 句意：到我们高中毕业的时候，我们学英语将达到7年。by the time所引导的从句(相当于时间状语从句)在句中常表示时间点，根据主句将来完成时的谓语形式可知，从句是指将来某一点的时间，故用一般现在时表示将来。
5．The success of his career has been ________(part) due to the support given by his mother and mostly his________(person) efforts.
答案：partly; personal 句意：他事业上的成功在一定程度上取决于他母亲的支持，更主要的是他个人的努力。partly部分地，在一定程度上；original原始的，最初的。effort为名词，需要形容词修饰。
6．What political party is________ power in France currently?
答案：in 句意：目前法国哪个政党掌权？由句中currently“目前”可知，句中动词表示状态。in power当权，符合题意。
7．The time bomb________ but nobody was injured.
答案：explored 句意：定时炸弹爆炸了，但没有人受伤。explode爆炸，符合句意。
8．At present pupils are kept________(do) a lot of exercises not only in school but also at home.
答案：doing 句意：现在学生们被迫忙于做许多练习题，无论在学校还是在家里。keep sb. doing sth.使某人一直干某事。
9．—His illness was diagnosed________cancer.
—Oh, really? I'm terribly sorry to hear this.
答案：as 句意：——他的病被诊断为癌症。——哦，真的吗？听到此事我非常难过。be diagnosed as被诊断为……。
10．The snow lasted a week，________(cause) a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.
答案：causing 句意：雪整整下了一周，整个地区的交通混乱不堪。v.-ing形式作状语，表示一种自然而然的结果，closing符合句意。
Ⅳ.完形填空
The Best Holiday
I was unbelievably proud of my nine-year-old daughter, Emily. __1__to buy a mountain bike, she'd been saving her pocket money all year, as well as doing small jobs to earn extra money.
By Thanksgiving, she had collected only $49. I said, “You__2__have your pick from my bike__3__”．“Thanks, Daddy. But your bikes are so old.” She was right. All my girls' bikes were 1950s models, not the kind a kid today would__4__choose.
As Christmas__5__near, Emily and I went bike shopping. As we left one store, she__6__a Salvation Army volunteer standing next to a big pot. “Can we give something, Daddy？” she asked, “Sorry, Em, I'm out of __7__.”
Throughout December, Emily continued to work hard. Then one day, she made a__8__ announcement. “You know all the money I've been saving？” she said hesitantly. “I'm going to give it to the poor people.” So one cold morning before Christmas, Emily handed her total savings of $ 58 to a volunteer who was really very __9__.
__10__by Emily's selflessness, I decided to contribute__11__of my old bikes to a car dealer who was collecting used bikes for poor children.__12__I selected a shiny model from my collection, however, it seemed as if a second bike took on a glow. Should I contribute two? No, one would be enough. But I couldn't__13__the feeling that I should give a second bike. When I later __14__the bikes, the car dealer said，“You're making two kids very__15__，sir. Here are your tickets. For each bike contributed, we're__16__away one chance to win a girl's mountain bike.”
Why wasn't I surprised when that second ticket proved to be the__17__？I like to think it was God's way of__18__a little girl for a sacrifice__19__her year—while giving her dad a lesson in the__20__.
语篇解读：女儿把攒了一年的准备买山地车的钱捐给了救世军志愿者，感动了父亲。于是，父亲捐了两辆自己收集的自行车，结果却意外获得一辆山地车的奖励。这个故事告诉我们，好心是会有好报的。
1．A.Promised B．Amazed
C．Determined D．Organized
答案：C 词语辨析题。根据意思，决定买一辆山地自行车，她一直储存着她的零用钱。
2．A.need B．should
C．must D．can
答案：D 词语辨析题。根据句意，你可以(can)在我收集(collection)的自行车中做出你的选择。
3．A.collection B．contribution
C．shop D．club
答案：A 词汇复现题。属于后置设空，根据下文from my collection，可知答案为A。
4．A.seldom B．likely
C．slightly D．merely
答案：B 词语辨析题。根据句意，所有我的女式自行车都是20世纪50年代的款式，不是现在的孩子可能(likely)选择的。
5．A.drew B．became
C．went D．pulled
答案：A 固定搭配题。draw near为固定短语，“临近；靠近”的意思。
6．A.observed B．sensed
C．watched D．noticed
答案：D 词语辨析题。observe观察；sense意识到；watch注视；notice注意到。根据句意：她注意到一个救世军志愿者站在一个大人物旁边。
7．A.work B．charge
C．time D．change
答案：D 逻辑推理题。out of change没有零钱。根据上文女儿注意到救世军志愿者，想为此做一点贡献。可父亲回答，没有零钱(change)。
8．A.disappointing B．surprising
C．formal D．public
答案：B 逻辑推理题。女儿攒钱是为了买山地自行车，而她却决定将所攒的钱全部捐给穷人，所以是令人惊讶的(surprising)。
9．A.agreeable B．hopeful
C．thankful D．pitiful
答案：C 逻辑推理题。她把所攒的钱给了志愿者，志愿者充满了感激(thankful)。
10．A.Moved B．Shocked
C．Persuaded D．Demanded
答案：A 词语辨析题。因为女儿的无私，我被感动(moved)了。
11．A.one B．some
C．two D．any
答案：A 逻辑推理题。上面提到“我”收集了许多自行车，受了女儿的感染，我决定捐献其中的一辆旧自行车。故用one of...。
12．A.While B．As
C．Because D．Though
答案：B 逻辑推理题。根据句意：当“我”选择了一辆光亮的自行车时，看上去好像另一辆车子呈现出了亮光。故用as。
13．A.express B．describe
C．explain D．shake
答案：B 词语辨析题。根据上文，作者犹豫不决，不知是否该捐两辆自行车，所以此时“我”很难描绘(describe)这种感觉——我应该再捐一辆。express表达，这里是作者的内心活动，无需表达出来。
14．A.returned B．delivered
C．chose D．shared
答案：B 词语辨析题。当“我”把自行车交付给(deliver)汽车商时……
15．A.sweet B．healthy
C．happy D．fair
答案：C 逻辑推理题。因为“我”捐了两辆自行车，汽车商说：“你将会使两个孩子非常高兴(happy)。……”
16．A.putting B．giving
C．storing D．signing
答案：B 词语辨析题。give away赠送，因为每被捐赠一辆自行车，我们赠送一个得到一辆女士山地自行车的机会。
17．A.present B．harvest
C．winner D．chance
答案：C 逻辑推理题。根据句意：当第二张票证明是一张有奖票(winner)的时候，为什么我一点都不惊讶？
18．A.greeting B．praising
C．sheltering D．rewarding
答案：D 问语辨析题。根据上文，是女儿的爱心使我捐赠了两辆自行车，我认为这是对一个小女孩的爱心的回报(reward)。
19．A.under B．before
C．beyond D．within
答案：C 词语辨析题。beyond超过。作为对她超过一年的牺牲的回报。因为女儿整整攒了一年的零花钱。
20．A.process B．project
C．struggle D．communication
答案：A 词语辨析题。而在这个过程中(process)，她给她的父亲上了一堂课。
Ⅴ.阅读理解
Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studied the observations of comets (彗星) which other scientists had made. The orbit (轨道) of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem. He could not figure it out，neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.
However, Halley had a friend named Newton, who was a brilliant (有才华的) mathematician. Newton thought he had already worked out that problem，but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse (椭圆)．
Then Halley set to work. He figured out the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531,1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearances had been 75 to 76 years apart (相隔)．
This seemed very strange to Halley. The different comets followed the same orbit. The more Halley thought about it，the more he thought that there had not been three different comets, as people thought. He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again.
It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain enough to make a prediction of what would happen in the future. He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested.In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it, for he had died some years before. Ever since then that comet has been called Halley's Comet, in his honor.
1．Edmund Halley figured out the orbit of________.
A．some different comets appearing several times
B．the same comet appearing at different times
C．three different comets appearing three times
D．several comets appearing at the same time
答案：B 细节判断题。由第三段第三句话可知答案。
2．Halley made his discovery________.
A．by doing experiments
B．by means of his own careful observation
C．by using the work of other scientists
D．by chance
答案：C 由第二段最后一句及第三段第一、二句可知答案。
3．Halley made a surprising but correct prediction in the year________.
A．1704 B．1705
C．1706 D．1707
答案：B 细节判断题。最后一段第三、四句可知答案。
4．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A．Newton figured out the orbit of the comet.
B．Halley figured out the orbit of the comet first.
C．Newton gave Halley some help.
D．Halley died before 1758.
答案：B 细节判断题。由第三段最后一句可知答案。
5．Which of the following is the best title of this passage?
A．The Discovery of Halley's Comet
B．Halley and the Three Comets
C．Halley，an English Scientist
D．The Correct Prediction
答案：A 题目归纳题。本文主要讲述了哈雷在借鉴前人研究的基础上发现了哈雷彗星。
课件57张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 · 必修4 Great ScientistsModule 4第三课时 Cultural Corner1.1.1 集合的概念Module 4Ⅰ.写出黑体单词在句中的汉语意思
1．He learned this lesson the hard way—from his own personal experience. ( )
2．Tom came up with a brilliant idea for the book.( )
3．I began my teaching ever since I graduated from the Normal University. ( )
4．Taking too much exercise may do harm to our physical health. ( )
5．He realized that his acting career was over.( )个人的聪颖的毕业身体的生涯6．What you say is partly true.( )
7．They watched him closely in case he should escape.( )
8. The crowd panicked at the sound of the explosion.( )部分地逃跑爆炸Ⅱ.短语互译
1．________________ 被绑/系到……上面；隶属
2．________________ 掌权
3．________________ 简言之
4．________________ 从……逃脱
5．________________ 被诊断为
6．by accident _________
7．be at war with __________________
8．earn one's living ______be attached... to...come to powerin briefescape frombe diagnosed with偶然地和……处于交战状态谋生Ⅲ.读文章，匹配段落大意
A．Rockets were first invented by Chinese about 2,000 years ago.
B．Rockets were also used in other ways.
C．Today rockets are used to send astronauts into space or celebrate great events.
D．First rockets were used in battles in China and then it was spread to Europe.
Para. 1________ Para. 2________
Para. 3________ Para. 4________CADB1.advanced adj.
(1)进步的；高深的
He is spending a year in advanced studies.
他正花一年的时间做高深的研究。
(2)超新的；先进的(思想生活方式等)
Most people find her advanced ideas difficult to accept.
大多数人都觉得她的先进思想难以接受。
知识拓展
(1)advance v．/n.
(2)advanced in years 年老的
(3)in advance 提前；事先即学即用
英译汉
The launch of Chang'e 1 satellite to the moon was a big advance in the space exploration for our country.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：嫦娥一号探月卫星的成功发射，大大推动了我国太空事业的发展。
2．explosion n．[U，C]爆炸；爆炸声
The explosion may have been caused by a gas leak.
那次爆炸可能是煤气泄漏引起的。
The explosion could be heard miles away.
爆炸声数英里外都听得到。
知识拓展
explode vi. 爆炸，爆发
A time bomb exploded twenty minutes after the plane took off.
飞机起飞后二十分钟一枚定时炸弹爆炸了。
The boss exploded with anger when he saw the sales report.
老板看了销售报告勃然大怒。辨析：explode, break out与 burst
Fortunately, no one was hurt when the gas main exploded.
当煤气总管爆炸时，幸好没有伤着。
The second world war broke out in the 1930s.
二十世纪三十年代爆发了第二次世界大战。
The pipe burst and a spout of water shot out.
水管破裂了，一股水喷了出来。即学即用
语法填空
(1)An ________(explode) is caused by the very rapid release of a large amount of energy.
答案：explosion explosion“爆发，爆炸”，符合句意。句意为：爆炸是迅速释放大量能量的结果。
(2)Never dispose of batteries in a fire because they may ________.
答案：explode explode“爆炸，爆发”，符合句意。句意为：不要将电池放入火中，以免引起爆炸。
3．official n．官员；公务员；行政人员 adj. 官方的；正式的；公务的；官式的；官僚的
government officials 政府官员
make an official statement 发表正式声明
He is in his official uniform.
他穿着制服。
辨析：official与officer
officer常指身着特定制服的官员(如军官，警官)
official常指政府官员；行政官员。
My father is an officer in the army, while his father is an official.
我爸爸是部队上的军官，而他的爸爸是政府官员。
即学即用
单词拼写
The country's o________language is English.
答案：official
4．escape v．逃跑；逃避
The prisoners attempted to escape but failed.
囚犯们企图逃跑，但是失败了。
You can't expect that something may escape the teacher's eyes.
你不要奢望有什么能逃过老师的眼睛。知识拓展
(1)escape作及物动词时，后跟名词或动名词；作不及物动词时，后跟from或out of。
(2)固定搭配：escape from逃离……
It was reported that four men escaped from prison yesterday.
据报道，昨天四个人越狱逃跑了。
A lion has escaped from its cage.
有一头狮子从笼中逃走了。辨析：escape与flee
The thief jumped into a car and escaped.
小偷跳上汽车逃走了。
The enemy soldiers were fleeing in all directions.
敌兵四处逃窜。即学即用
语法填空
The boy managed to ________ the burning house, but he couldn't ________ punishment because the fire was caused by his playing with matches.
答案：escape from; escape “从……逃脱”，用 escape from; 当“避免，逃避”讲时，escape为及物动词，escape punishment“逃避惩罚”。
5．clear v．(烟雾)消散；清除
The plane can't take off until the fog clears.
直到大雾散去，飞机才能起飞。
The cloud slowly cleared and the sun came out.
云渐渐散去，太阳出来了。
We cleared the stones from the road.
我们清除了路上的石子。知识拓展
clear away 清除；整理
Our job is to clear away the rubbish.
我们的工作是清除这些垃圾。
clear up(天气)放晴；整理，收拾；澄清；露出喜悦的表情
If the weather clears up, we can go out for a walk.
如果天气放晴，我们可以出去散步。
The guests are coming. Please clear up the things on the table.
客人就要来了。请整理一下桌子上的东西。即学即用
语法填空
Their faces ________(clear up) after the long-term misunderstandings were ________(clear up)．
答案：cleared up; cleared up clear up“澄清(及物)，露出喜悦的表情(不及物)”。句意为：长期的误会消除之后，他们的脸色也变好了，由句意可知第一空用主动语态，第二空用被动语态。1.be at war with 与……交战
Now the two countries are at war with each other.
现在这两个国家正在交战。知识拓展
go to war 宣战；进入战争时态
a civil/cold war 内战/冷战
make/declare war on... 对……宣战
win a war 赢得战争
be at peace 处于和平
live in peace 生活宁静
make peace with 与……讲和
即学即用
The two countries used to be________war, but now they are________peace.
答案：at；in be at war 意为“交战”；be in peace“与……和平相处”，句意：这两个国家过去交战，但现在他们和平相处。
2．keep...doing 让……一直干……
Don't keep the water running all the time. Turn it off.
不要让水老是不停地流，把它关上。
知识拓展
(1)同义短语：have...doing 使某人做某事
(2)常用短语：keep/stop/prevent...from doing 阻止某人做某事(stop与prevent短语中from可以省略，意思不变；但keep短语中不可省略)
keep doing sth. 一直做某事(强调动作的延续)
keep on doing sth. 反复做某事(强调动作的反复)
即学即用
语法填空
He kept the light in his room________(burn) the whole night.
答案：burning keep the light burning 意为“让灯一直亮着”；the light与burn之间为主谓关系，因此用现在分词作宾语补足语。1.The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.
箭管被绑在一根长长的棍子上，以便保持火箭的直线飞行。
本句中使用了一个非常重要的介词in与direction搭配，表示“朝……的方向”。这在考试中经常被考查，而学生最易误用的介词是to，所以需引起各位同学的注意。
①They hit a truck coming in the opposite direction.
他们撞上一辆迎面开来的卡车。
②Tom went off in the direction of the post office.
汤姆朝邮局方向去了。
③When the police arrived, the crowd scattered in all directions.
警察赶到后，人群便向四面八方散开了。
即学即用
语法填空
On hearing the sound, the birds flew away________every direction.
答案：in 朝四面八方用“in every direction”或者“in all directions”来表达。句意为：听到响声，鸟儿向四面八方飞去。2．Soon the Mongols learned how to make rockets themselves and it is possible that they introduced them to Europe.
不久蒙古人学会了自己如何制造火箭，并且可能由此把它们介绍到了欧洲。
句法分析
(1)how to make rockets是“疑问句＋动词不定式”作宾语这一结构，除作宾语外，还可用作主语、表语。
①I don't know what to do now.
我不知道现在该做什么。②When and where to build the factory hasn't been decided yet.
何时何地建这个工厂还没有决定。
③The question is how to start it.
问题是这件事该怎么开始呢。
(2)It is possible that... 可能……。
it作形式主语，代替后面的that从句。
It is possible that he will come.
他可能来。知识拓展图解probable, likely与possible的异同：
即学即用
语法填空
—It's no use having ideas only.
—Don't worry. Peter can show you________to turn an idea into an act.
答案：how 句意：——只有主意没用。——不要担心，彼得会教给你怎样把主意变为行动。本题考查“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语，根据句意，how正确。
3．But not everybody wanted to use rockets in battles.
但是并不是所有的人都想把火箭用到战争中。
not everybody并不是全部否定，表示部分否定。
Not everybody passed the examination.
＝Somebody didn't pass the examination.
并不是所有的人都通过了考试。辨析：
I don't want either of them.＝I want neither of them.
两者我都不要。
I don't want both of them. 两者我不都要。
I want none of the three. 三者我都不要。
I don't want all of the three. 三者我不都要。
链接：
英语中有些副词如always, necessarily, wholly等在句中作状语，若句中含有not，则本句话为部分否定，而非全部否定。
①The rich men are not always happy.
有钱的人并非都幸福。
②Food that looks good doesn't necessarily taste good.
好看的食物并不一定好吃。
即学即用
Jim sold most of his things. He has hardly________(something) left in the house.
答案：anything 句意为“吉姆卖掉了他的大部分东西 ，几乎没有任何东西剩下”。hardly为否定副词，所以要用anything。Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The ________(火箭) gets farther into space.
2．The problem of ________(千年) Bug is said to have been solved by scientists.
3．________(火药)was used in China as far back as the 11th century.
4．The bomb ________(爆炸) suddenly, but nobody was injured.
5．Time flies as swiftly as an________(箭), and the season passes as quickly as a stream.
6．A ray of light usually travels in a ________(直的) line, but sometimes it bends.
7．The clouds ________(消散) away and the stars shone very brightly.
答案：1.rocket 2.Millennium 3.Gunpowder 4.exploded 5.arrow 6.straight 7.clearedⅡ.同义句转换
1. The chairman made an introduction of the lecturer to the audience.
The chairman ________ the lecturer ________ the audience.
2. The crowd in a panic fled in all directions.
The crowd in a panic fled ________ ________ ________.
3. They got together to congratulate him on his 50th birthday.
They got together to ________ his 50th birthday.
4. All students in this class are not hardworking.
________ ________ ________ in this class is hardworking.
5. He was carried miles into space and became the world's first astronaut.
He was carried miles into space, ________ the world's first astronaut.
答案：1.introduced; to 2.in every direction 3.celebrate 4.Not every student 5.becomingⅢ.语法填空
1．Don't keep the door________(open) at night.
答案：open 句意：晚上不要让门开着。keep the door open“让门开着”。open是形容词表状态，作宾补。
2．—What an amazing film! It's the most interesting film I've ever seen.
—But I'm sure it won't interest ________.
答案：everybody 本题考查部分否定的用法。由转折词but可知：尽管你认为那是一部最有趣的电影，但它并不一定令每一个人都感兴趣。not everybody“并非每一个人”。3．The secret was cleared________ when he admitted he had been there all the time.
答案：up 句意：当他承认他一直在那儿的时候，秘密就揭开了。clear up“消除(误会、疑虑)等”，符合句意。
4．The bomb ________(explode) at 10：15 a．m. and killed 16 persons altogether.
答案：exploded 句意：炸弹在上午10：15爆炸，总共造成16人死亡。explode“爆炸”，由句意可知用一般过去时。 5．No matter how much you may dislike the adverts, there's no way to ________ them in an age of globalization.
答案：escape 句意：不论你多么不喜欢广告，在这个全球化的时代，没有办法能够逃避它们。escape“逃避，逃脱”，符合句意。
6．Madam Curie________ the element of Radium(镭元素) while Bell________ the telephones.
答案：discovered; invented 句意：居里夫人发现了镭元素而贝尔发明了电话。discover“发现”指初次看见本来已存在但以前未被发现的事物。invent“发明”是指创造前所未有的事物。
7．Born in Beijing, Yuan Longping graduated________ Southwest Agricultural College in China in 1953.
答案：from 考查固定短语。graduate from“毕业于……”。
8．The fireworks didn't go upwards ________ a straight direction but exploded at the spot.
答案：in direction“方向，方位”，常和介词in搭配。9．He was fortunate enough to have escaped ________(kill) in that earthquake.
答案：being killed 句意：他足够幸运以至于在地震中逃脱了死亡。escape doing sth.“逃脱做某事”，又因kill与he是动宾关系，故用动名词的被动形式。
10．He ________ the question of his absence in the presence of all his classmates.
答案：cleared up clear up“解释，澄清，解决”。句意为：他当着全班同学的面澄清了他缺席的疑团。课件9张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 · 必修4 Great ScientistsModule 4
科学家在每一位学子的心目中都具有崇高的地位。古往今来，无数科学家的故事都曾激励着我们。你最敬佩的科学家是哪一位？读读下面对Albert Einstein的简短介绍吧！Albert Einstein (爱因斯坦) was considered the greatest scientist of the 20th century and one of the greatest of all time. His discoveries and theories have greatly influenced1 science in many fields.Einstein was born in 1879 in Ulm, a city of Germany. As a boy，he was slow to learn to talk, but later in his childhood he showed great curiosity2 about nature and ability to solve difficult mathematical problems. After he left school, he went to Switzerland, where he graduated from the university with a degree in mathematics.
In 1905, Einstein began to publish a series of papers which shook the whole scientific and intellectual3 world, and for the theories he established4 in the papers he won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921.
Because Einstein was Jewish5，when Hitler took over Germany in 1933, he had to leave the country and finally settled in the United States. There he continued his study on the structure6 of the universe until his death in 1955.
Among the several important discoveries Einstein made in his life, the greatest is the creation of his famous Theory of Relativity(相对论)．
知识点击
1．Influence vt.影响
2．curiosity n．好奇，好奇心
3．intellectual adj.智力的
4．establish vt.建立
5．Jewish adj.犹太人的；犹太教的
6．structure n．结构，构造自主探究
1．How old was Einstein at his death?
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2．What was Einstein's greatest discovery?
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答案：1.76 years old
2．The theory of Relativity
