Unit 1 Section Ⅰ
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She is a little girl, but she b______ as if she were an adult.
2．On summer afternoons，his parents sit in the s______ of the large tree drinking tea and chatting.
3．Tom and Jim are good friends and they are joined by b______ of friendship.
4．I hope this success will i______ you to greater efforts.
5．To be o______ is to express your opinions honestly and directly.
6．I ________ (尊重) his views, although I do not agree with them.
7．Hundreds of passengers ________ (挤满) the entrance of the hall.
8．He likes ________ (观察) the night sky in summer.
9．The bridge is strong enough to ________ (支撑) the heavy lorries.
10．It's not ________ (值得) spending time on him.
答案：1.behaves 2.shade 3.bonds 4.inspire 5.outspoken
6．respect 7.crowded 8.observing 9.support 10.worthwhile
Ⅱ.用所给短语的适当形式填空
move off lead a hard life argue sb. out of show respect for crowd in on in support of work out wake up
1．The troops ________ at dawn.
2．The old couple ________ in the past.
3．The youth should ________ the old people.
4．She ________ leaving his job.
5．He came here specially ________ me.
6．The thought of missing home ________ the little girl.
7．Every morning when you ________， decide to make that day the most important day.
8．We'll have to ________ how much food we'll need for the party.
答案：1.moved off 2.led a hard life 3.show respect for 4.argued him out of 5.in support of 6.crowded in on
7．wake up 8.work out
Ⅲ.语法单项填空
1．—Is that book worth________(read)?
—Yes, it is worthy________(read)twice.
答案：reading; of being read/to beread worth习惯句式为be worth doing，而worthy则常用于句式be worthy to be done或be worthy of being done中，表示“值得做”之意。
2．A man dressed in a black coat was observed______(enter) the house and later the owner found all the valuable things______(steal)．
答案：to enter; stolen 在主动语态情况下接动词原形作宾语补足语的动词，用于被动语态时往往要添加上to；第二空中all the valuable things与steal之间为被动关系。
3．(2012·浙江改编)Armed with the information you have gathered, you can set________ preparing your business plan.
答案：about 句意：用你所收集的信息武装自己，你可以着手准备你的商业计划了。set about doing sth.“着手干某事”。
4．—I'm sorry, but I didn't mean________(let) out your secret.
—But you know, letting out one's secret means______(hurt) one's feelings.
答案：to let; hurting 第一句句意为“我并不是有意泄露你的秘密”，故用mean to do sth.，第二句句意为“泄露一个人的秘密意味着伤害他”，故用mean doing sth.。
5．They were surprised that a child should work out the problem________they themselves couldn't.
答案：while 句意：他们惊奇地发现一个孩子居然解决了这个问题，然而他们却未能做得到。while“(对比两件事物)……而……；……然而……”。
6．Most people think that it is worthwhile________(spend) some time surfing the Internet, but we shouldn't be too dependent on it.
答案：to spend/spending It is worthwhile to do.../doing...“做某事是值得的”。句意为：大部分人认为花费一些时间上网是值得的，但是我们不应该太依赖它。
7．________ when we lost what we had did we realize how much we loved it.
答案：Only “only＋状语从句”位于句首，主句用部分倒装结构。句意为：只有当我们失去了我们所拥有的，我们才意识到我们是多么的爱恋它。
8．Seeing the terrible scene, many problems crowded ______ my head.
答案：in crowd in one's head“涌入脑海”。句意为：看到那个可怕的场面，很多问题涌入我的脑海。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Mario Capecchi, 70, a scientist at the University of Utah, US, got a bonus after winning the 2007 Nobel Prize for medicine: He learned he has a younger sister.
Capecchi returned to his native Italy last month and met with his half-sister Marlene Bonelli, 69, who believed Capecchi and her mother had died during World War Ⅱ. It was really more of an introduction; they were too young to remember when they were separated in the early days of World War Ⅱ.
Capecchi's mother gave birth to Bonelli in 1939, when her son was learning to walk. Lucy Ramberg, who was in prison for much of the war, handed over the baby girl to friends living in Austria, where Bonelli still lives.
Bonelli recognized Capecchi's name after he won the Nobel Prize in October and informed the media in Austria that the famous scientist was her brother. The newspaper Dolomiten sent Capecchi photos of Bonelli. “Looking at the pictures, it was obviously my sister，” Capecchi said, noting she was very like his mother.
With the help of an interpreter, they reunited at a hotel. “She doesn't speak English and I don't speak German, and neither of us speaks Italian, although I can get away with it in a restaurant，” Capecchi said.
The reunion was another dramatic(戏剧性的)turn in Capecchi's life story. Capecchi was separated from his mother during World War Ⅱ. The two were reunited at the end of the war, when he was 9, and they moved to the United States. As a child in America, Capecchi started on what became a brilliant academic career.
文章大意：70岁的美籍遗传学家马里奥·卡佩基惊喜连连，刚刚喜获2007年度诺贝尔医学奖，又靠诺贝尔奖的“牵线搭桥”，终于与失散68年的妹妹在意大利重逢！
1．What might be the most suitable title for the passage?
A．How the Nobel Prize Winner's Sister Survived World War Ⅱ
B．Mario Capecchi's Great Success in His Career
C．New Nobel Prize Winner—Mario Capecchi
D．Nobel Prize Winner Reunited with His Sister Lost in World War Ⅱ
答案：D 归纳标题题。纵观全文，主要讲述了诺贝尔奖获得者马里奥·卡佩基靠诺贝尔奖的帮助，与失散多年的妹妹重逢一事，D选项概括全面，可作标题。
2．The underlined word“bonus”in the first paragraph probably refers to________.
A．the money given to Mario Capecchi
B．the fame for his achievement
C．the news that his sister is still alive
D．the idea that he wants to look for his sister
答案：C 指代题。根据下文冒号后的解释：He learned he has a younger sister可推知，此处的“bonus”指的是他获知自己还有一个在世的妹妹。
3．How did the brother and sister separate from each other?
A．The sister was put in prison.
B．The sister was sent to Austria.
C．The brother moved to America.
D．The brother left Italy with their mom.
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第三段Lucy Ramberg，... handed over the baby girl to friends living in Austria...可知，Bonelli当年是被送给奥地利的朋友了。
4．It can be inferred from the passage that Capecchi moved to America in ________.
A．1938 B．1939
C．1945 D．1947
答案：D 计算题。第一段提到Capecchi 70岁，第二段提到Bonelli 69岁，第三段提到Bonelli出生于1939年，由此可推知Capecchi生于1938年。最后一段说到他九岁时去了美国。经计算可知，Capecchi是在1947年去的美国。
5．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Mario Capecchi and his sister always knew each other.
B．Mario Capecchi's mother was out of prison finally.
C．Bonelli once reunited with her mother.
D．When Capecchi and his sister were reunited, they could communicate very well.
答案：B 推断理解题。从第一段可知Mario Capecchi在获得诺贝尔奖后才得知自己有一个妹妹，故A选项表述有误；C选项在文中无提及；从倒数第二段描述他们兄妹语言沟通不便可以推断出D选项表述有误；从最后一段第三句话“Mario Capecchi 9岁时和母亲重逢”可推断B选项正确。
Ⅴ.完形填空
(2014·山东)Charlotte Whitehead was born in England in 1843, and moved to Montreal, Canada at the age of five with her family. While __1__ her ill elder sister throughout the years, Charlotte discovered she had a(n) __2__ in medicine. At 18 she married and __3__ a family. Several years later, Charlotte said she wanted to be a __4__. Her husband supported her decision.
__5__， Canadian medical schools did not __6__ women students at the time. Therefore, Charlotte went to the United States to study __7__ at the Women's Medical College in Philadelphia. It took her five years to __8__ her medical degree.
Upon graduation, Charlotte __9__ to Montreal and set up a private __10__. Three years later, she moved to Winnipeg, Manitoba, and there she was once again a __11__ doctor. Many of her patients were from the nearby timber and railway camps. Charlotte __12__ herself operating on damaged limbs and setting __13__ bones, in addition to delivering all the babies in the area.
But Charlotte had been practising without a licence. She had __14__ a doctor's licence in both Montreal and Winnipeg, but was __15__. The Manitoba College of Physicians and Surgeons, an all-male board, wanted her to __16__ her studies at a Canadian medical college! Charlotte refused to __17__ her patients to spend time studying what she already knew. So in 1887, she appealed to the Manitoba Legislature to __18__ a licence to her but they, too, refused. Charlotte __19__ to practice without a licence until 1912. She died four years later at the age of 73.
In 1993, 77 years after her __20__， a medical licence was issued to Charlotte. This decision was made by the Manitoba Legislature to honor “this courageous and pioneering woman.”
文章大意：本文主要讲述了一位传奇医生的追梦历程和无私奉献的一生。
1．A.raising B．teaching
C．nursing D．missing
答案：C 整个一年中都在照顾生病的姐姐时……，nurse意为护理。
2．A.habit B．interest
C．opinion D．voice
答案：B 夏洛特发现她对医药感兴趣。have an interest in 对……感兴趣。
3．A.invented B．selected
C．offered D．started
答案：D 18岁时，夏洛蒂结婚开始了家庭生活。start 开始。
4．A.doctor B．musician
C．lawyer D．physicist
答案：A 由后文可知她想成为一名医生。
5．A.Besides B．Unfortunately
C．Otherwise D．Eventually
答案：B unfortunately意为“不幸的是”，加拿大不允许女子入学。
6．A.hire B．entertain
C．trust D．accept
答案：D 参考上一题解析。accept接受。
7．A.history B．physics
C．medicine D．law
答案：C 根据后文提示可知为医药大学。
8．A.improve B．save
C．design D．earn
答案：D earn意为“获得”，获得医药学历。
9．A.returned B．escaped
C．spread D．wandered
答案：A 据上文知蒙特利尔是她的家乡，学成后“返回”。
10．A.school B．museum
C．clinic D．lab
答案：C 开办一个私人诊所，即clinic。
11．A.busy B．wealthy
C．greedy D．lucky
答案：A 由下文知夏洛蒂为附近人们服务，因而很忙。
12．A.helped B．found
C．troubled D．imagined
答案：B find sb. doing发现某人一直做某事。
13．A.harmful B．tired
C．broken D．weak
答案：C 接上断掉的骨头，broken意为断掉的。
14．A.put away B．taken over
C．turned on D．applied for
答案：D 由上下文知，她曾经申请过医生执照，但被拒绝。
15．A.punished B．refused
C．blamed D．fired
答案：B 参考上一题的解析。
16．A.display B．change
C．preview D．complete
答案：D complete意为“完成”，一所大学邀请她完成学业。
17．A.leave B．charge
C．test D．cure
答案：A 由原文知她不愿离开病人去学习。leave离开。
18．A.sell B．donate
C．issue D．show
答案：C issue意为“颁发，发行”。
19．A.continued B．promised
C．pretended D．dreamed
答案：A 由上文知，夏洛蒂没有获得执照，但继续行医。continue意为“继续”。
20．A.birth B．death
C．wedding D．graduation
答案：B 在夏洛蒂去世77年后，获得执照，death意为去世。
Ⅵ.短文改错
Rose wanted a job. She went to many offices and she didn't like any of them. One day she saw a board in an office read: “This office needs a typist whom can type 200 words a minute.” Rose was exciting. When Rose went to the manager's office, the man was writing something. Rose knocked at the door and the manager raised her head. “Do you need a typist？” asked Rose. “Yes！” he said. Rose clapped her hand. She couldn't help saying, “OK! How much will you pay for me every month？” The manager thought for a while and said, “I will pay you 77 dollars for first three months. Then I will pay you 30 dollars every month.” Rose smiled and answer, “Great! I will come and work here three months late.” The manager was speechless.
答案：
Rose wanted a job. She went to many offices she didn't like any of them. One day she saw a board in an office ： “This office needs a typist can type 200 words a minute.” Rose was . When Rose went to the manager's office, the man was writing something. Rose knocked at the door and the manager raised head. “Do you need a typist？” asked Rose. “Yes！” he said. Rose clapped her . She couldn't help saying, “OK! How much will you pay me every month？” The manager thought for a while and said, “I will pay you 77 dollars for first three months. Then I will pay you 30 dollars every month.” Rose smiled and ， “Great! I will come and work here three months .” The manager was speechless.
课件113张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 必修4(十二省区) Women of achievementUnit 1Section Ⅰ Warming-up & ReadingUnit 1Ⅰ.单词速记
1．________(n.)项目；工程；规划
2．________(n.)运动；战役(vi.)作战；参加运动
3．________(n.)荫；阴凉处(vt.)遮住光线
4．___________(adj.)值得的；值得做的
5．________(n.)联系；关系；结合；纽带
6．________(adj.)直言的；坦诚的
7．________(vt.& n．)尊敬；尊重；敬意
8．___________(n.)款待；娱乐；娱乐表演
projectcampaignshadeworthwhilebondoutspokenrespectentertainment9．________(n.)人群；观众(vt.)挤满；使拥挤
10．________(n.& vt.)支持；拥护
11．achieve(v.)获得；达到→____________(n.)成就；功绩
12．special(adj.)专门的→__________(n.)专家；专业工作者
13．connect(v.)联系；连接→___________(n.)连接；关系
14．organize(v.)组织→______________(n.)组织；机构；团体
15．________(vt.&n．)举动；(举止或行为)表现→ behaviour(n.)行为；举止；习性crowdsupportachievementspecialistconnectionorganizationbehave16．________(vt.)观察；观测；遵守→observation(n.)观察；观测
17．argue(vt.& vi.)讨论；辩论；争论→________(n.)争论；争辩；争吵
18．________(vt.)鼓舞；激发；启示→inspiration(n.)灵感；鼓舞observeargumentinspireⅡ.短语互译
1．为……而奋斗 ____________
2．把……贡献给；致力于 _______________
3．被允许做某事 ________________
4．与……交流 ________________
5．(想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海 __________
6．put sb. to death ________________
7．human being ________________
8．move off ________________
9．work out ________________
10．lead a．.. life ________________fight fordevote... to...be allowed to do sthcommunicate withcrowd in处死；处决人类离开；起程；出发算出；制订出过着……的生活Ⅲ.完成句子
1．简研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么相似。
Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand _________________________________. (how much引导的宾语从句)
2．这意味着我们要返回前一天晚上我们离开的黑猩猩一家睡觉的大树旁。
This means _________________________________where we
left the family sleeping in a tree the night before.(动名词作宾语)3．她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。
Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months
_________________________________________________.
(only＋状语从句放于句首引起的部分倒装)
4．比方说，她的一个重要发现是黑猩猩猎食动物。
For example, one important thing she discovered was _______
__________________________________________________
__________________.(that引导表语从句)5．我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头。我就会想起实验室的黑猩猩。
____________________________， it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.(once引导状语从句)
答案：1.how much they behave like humans 2.going back to the place 3.was she allowed to begin her project 4.that chimps hunt and eat meat 5.Once I stopⅣ.阅读理解
Step 1 Fast Reading
Skim the passage to match the main idea of the whole text and each paragraph.
A．Jane's way to study chimps and her achievements.
B．Jane's great achievements.
C．Giving an account of a day in the park.
D．Jane's attitude to the animals.
E．Jane's achievements in life and in protecting the wildlife.Step 2 Careful Reading
1．Choose the best answers according to the passage.
(1)Jane Goodall has studied chimps for many years in order to ________.
A．become an expert in this field
B．gain her doctor's degree
C．discover what chimps eat
D．help people understand the behaviour of chimps(2)What helped Jane work out the chimps' social system?
A．Her observation of the chimps' family.
B．Her study of the chimps' body language.
C．Her feeding the chimps.
D．Her good mathematics.
(3)Jane insisted that chimps ________.
A．be allowed to live in the wild
B．be given food to eat
C．be used for entertainment
D．be used for scientific experiment
(4)From Paragraph 2 we know that Jane Goodall discovered an important fact that ________.
A．chimps eat bamboos
B．chimps hunt and eat meat
C．chimps eat vegetables
D．chimps eat only fruits and nuts
(5)Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A．Jane is the first person to understand chimps' behaviour fully.
B．Nobody had studied the chimps before Jane.
C．Jane's duty is to watch chimps wake up in the morning.
D．Jane has been helping the world to understand and respect great women.2．Read the passage and try to answer the following questions.
(1)Who is the student referred to in the title of the passage? Why?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(2)How do the chimps show love in their family?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (3)What does “they” in the sentence “Then we follow as they wander into the forest.” mean?
__________________________________________________
(4)Complete the following sentence with words from Paragraph 1. (2 words)
What we first did during the day is looking at a family of chimps ________________ carefully.
(5)List three facts about Jane's achievements she got.
__________________________________________________
Step 3 Discussion
What do you think made Jane a great success?
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
答案：Step 1 ECADB
Step 2 1.(1)D (2)B (3)A (4)B (5)A
2．(1)Jane Goodall. Because she studies animals and learns from them in their own habitat.
(2)By feeding or cleaning each other.
(3)The members of a chimp family.
(4)wake up
(5)①Working with animals in their own environment.
②Gaining a doctor's degree.
③Showing that women can live in the forest as men can.
Step 3 Her wisdom and courage; Deep love to the animals; Her hard work.1.campaign
(1)n.运动；战役
①Jody Williams helped found an international campaign to stop the making of landmines.
乔迪·威廉斯帮助组织了一次禁止造地雷的国际运动。
②The organization has launched/started a campaign to prevent the air pollution from being bad to worse.
这个组织已经发起了一项运动，旨在阻止空气质量进一步恶化。
(2)vi.作战；参加运动
People campaigned to show their dissatisfaction with the present situation.
人们发起了一场运动表达了对当前形势的不满。
知识拓展
(1)launch/start a campaign to...发起一项运动做……
(2)campaign for参加争取……的运动
campaign against参加反对……的运动
campaign to do sth.为了做……而发起运动活学活用
介词填空。
①He was devoted to campaigning ________ human rights.
②All of the people in that town campaigned ________ building the chemical factory there.
用所给词的适当形式填空。
③They are campaigning ________(save) the area from building development.
答案：①for ②against ③to save2．behave (v.)
(1)表现
①She doesn't know how to behave in public.
她在公共场合举止无措。
②He was a little boy, but he behaved as if he were an adult.
他是个小男孩，可表现得跟大人一样。
(2)behave(yourself)表现得体；有礼貌
①Behave yourself; don't make a fool of yourself.
注意你的举止， 别闹出笑话来。
②I want you to behave yourself while I'm away.
我不在家时你们要乖。知识拓展
(1)behave＋well/badly to/towards sb.对待某人好/差
behave oneself守规矩；表现得体
(2)well-behaved adj.表现好的
badly-behaved adj.表现差的
(3)behaviour n．举止；行为
①Some children could be noisy and badly-behaved.
有些孩子会吵闹而且表现差。
②The boy was well-behaved at the banquet and everyone praised his proper behaviour.
那个男孩在宴会中表现很好，每个人都表扬了他的得体行为。活学活用
完成句子。
①这家商店的服务员对待顾客很好。
The shop assistant ___________________________________ customers.
②孩子，在公共场合要举止得体。
Do ________________ in public, my child.
语法填空。
③The children will not be allowed to go to the supermarket if they don't behave ________.
答案：①behaves well towards/to ②behave yourself
③themselves 句意：如果不守规矩，孩子们就不被获准去超市。behave oneself为固定短语，意为“守规矩，表现好”。 3．shade
(1)n.[U]荫；阴凉处
Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off.
大家坐在树阴下等着，这时黑猩猩一家醒了，准备离开。
(2)vt.遮住光线
She raised her body to shade her child from being hurt.
她用身体护住了孩子，使其免遭伤害。
知识拓展
in the shade(of...)在(……的)阴凉处
shade... from/against...为……挡住……易混辨析
活学活用
选词填空(shade/shadow)。
①Some villagers were resting themselves in the ________.
②She was frightened to death when she saw the ________ of a man in the window.
完成句子。
③她正坐在一棵大橄榄树的树荫下。
She was sitting _____________________________________.
④车朝着有太阳的方向开，我们最好遮挡住眼睛。
We ____________________ while driving into the sun.
答案：①shade ②shadow ③in the shade of a big olive tree ④had better shade our eyes4．worthwhile adj.值得的；值得做的
①However, the evening makes it all worthwhile.
然而，到晚上时我们就觉得这一切都是值得的。
②We decided to give the money to a worthwhile cause(＝one that helps people)．
我们决定把这笔钱投入到慈善事业中。
③I thought it was worthwhile to clarify the matter.
我认为有必要澄清事实。知识拓展
(1)It be worthwhile doing sth./to do sth.值得做某事
(2)worth adj.有……的价值；值得……的
sth. be worth doing某事值得去做
(3)worthy adj.有价值的；有意义的
be worthy of＋n./being done/to be done值得……
①It is well worth listening to the lecture, though it is rather long.
尽管这个讲座有点长，它还是很值得一听的。
②The boy was considered not to be worthy of being educated.
人们认为这个男孩不值得教育。
名师点拨
worth用法展读
(1)worth一般只作表语，表示“很值得……”，要用副词well来修饰。
(2)be worth doing动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
(3)worthy和worthwhile既可作表语又可作定语。
语法填空。
①His suggestion is worth ________________(consider)．
②His suggestion is worthy of ________________(consider)．
③It is worthwhile ___________________________________ (conside) his suggestion.
答案：①considering ②being considered ③considering/to consider5．observe (vt.)
(1)看到；观察到；注意到
She spent years observing and recording their daily activities.
她花了多年的时间来观察并记录它们的日常活动。
(2)观察；观测；监视；注视
In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers observed a surprising behaviour.
在猫和狗和平相处的家庭中，研究人员观测到了一种让人惊讶的行为。
(3)遵守(规则、法律等)
Even running the yellow light will be charged, so you had better observe the traffic rules strictly.
闯黄灯都要被罚款，你最好严格遵守交通规则。
(4)庆祝(生日、节日、周年等)
Chinese people observe the Spring Festival in the same way that western people observe Christmas_Day.
中国人庆祝春节就像西方人庆祝圣诞节一样(重要)。
知识拓展
(2)observe the traffic rules遵守交通规则
(3)observe the Spring Festival/Christmas过春节/圣诞节图解助记
情景记忆多意的observe
名师点拨
observe sb. do sth.在变成被动语态时，应添加省掉的不定式符号“to”。
This kind of cover has been observed to influence the growth of plants.
人们观察到这种罩子对植物生长有影响。巧学助记
一言巧记observe
When we attend the parade to observe the National Day, we must observe the traffic regulations. If we observe someone run the red light, we should stop him.
当我们参加游行庆祝国庆节的时候，我们必须遵守交通规则。如果我们看到有人闯红灯，我们就要阻止他。活学活用
完成句子。
①You should ________ ________ ________ ________(遵守当地的风俗) when you go abroad.
②All of us ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(看到他进了教室) with a book in his hand.
答案：①observe the local customs ②observed him enter the classroom一句多译。
在泰山之巅，人们兴奋地(excitedly)观看太阳升起。
③________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
(observe＋从句)
④________________________________________________
___________(observe＋宾语＋doing)
答案：③On the top of Mountain Tai, people excitedly observed that the sun was rising.
④On the top of Mountain Tai, people excitedly observed the sun rising.
⑤(2014·北京，24改编)________ (observe)carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.
答案：Observe 根据句子结构可知，______carefully应为主句，故填动词原形构成祈使句。句意为：在实验室里做实验时要仔细观察是否有什么变化发生。6．argue vt.&vi.讨论；辩论；争论
①She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.
她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。
②My students argued over the correctness of his answer.
我的学生们对他的答案是否正确互相争论。
③They argued with each other about the best place for a holiday.
他们彼此争论关于度假的最好的地方。
知识拓展
(1)argue for...为……而争论；为……辩护
argue against争辩(反对……)
argue with sb. on/about/over sth.与某人争辩某事
(2)argue sb. into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事
(3)argue that...提出理由说明；主张……
(4) argument n．争论；争辩；论点
①It is our task to argue them into leading a low-carbon life.
说服他们过低碳生活是我们的任务。
②Others argue that more bus routes should be opened up because the haze is from bad to worse.
另外一些人认为应该开辟更多的公交路线，因为雾霾天气越来越严重。名师点拨
可以用来表达“说服某人做某事”的结构
persuade sb. to do/into doing sth.
get sb. to do sth.
convince sb. to do sth.活学活用
介/副词填空。
①Do what you are told and don't argue ________ me.
②They are arguing ________ who should pay the bill.
③We argued him ______ going on such a dangerous journey.
④You want to argue me ________ agreeing to your proposal?
⑤—What is going on over there?
—They are arguing ______ each other ______ private affairs.
答案：①with ②over/about/on ③out of ④into ⑤with; about7．inspire vt.鼓舞；激发；启示
①She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.
她激励着要为妇女们的成就而欢呼喝彩的人们。
②We should inspire the children to think.
我们应启发儿童思考。
③Our first sight of our teacher did inspire us with much confidence/inspire much confidence in us.
我们一见到我们的老师，心中就充满了信心。
知识拓展
inspire sb. to do sth.激励某人做某事活学活用
一句多译。
他的话使我产生了信心。
①________________________________________________
②________________________________________________
答案：①His words inspired me with confidence.
②His words inspired confidence in me.
语法填空。
③The coach inspires the team ________(make) even greater efforts.
答案：to make 句意：教练激励球队更加努力。inspire sb. to do sth.意为“激励/鼓舞某人做某事”。
8．support
(1)vt.支持；拥护；养活；资助；支撑；承受
①Jane was permitted to begin her work after her mother came to support her.
简在母亲来帮助她之后才得到允许开始工作。
②She managed to support_herself and even make some progress in her career in those hard times.
在那些艰苦岁月中，她设法养活了自己并在事业上有所发展。
③Support the baby's head when you hold it.
抱婴儿时要把头托住。
(2)n.[U]支持；拥护
He gave some cases in support_of his opinion.
他举出了不同的情况以支持他的观点。
知识拓展
support oneself自主谋生
in support of支持；拥护
活学活用
写出下面句中support的含义。
①They do not support the new President.( )
②Our school is supported by the government.( )
③Walls support the roof.( )
答案：①拥护 ②资助 ③支撑
语法填空。
④The majority of people in the town strongly were ________support ________ the plan to build a playground for children.
答案：in; of 句意：镇上的大多数人都强烈地拥护为孩子们建造运动场的计划。
9．respect
(1)n.尊敬；尊重；敬意
We all should have/show respect_for our parents and teachers.
我们都应该尊敬我们的父母和老师。
(2)vt.尊敬；尊重
Everyone respected Liu Yang for her bravery.
刘洋因勇敢而深受大家的尊敬。
知识拓展
(1)respect sb.＝have/show respect for sb.尊敬某人
respect sb. for...因……而尊敬某人
(2)out of respect for出于对……的尊敬
(3)respectful adj.表示敬意的；尊敬的
respectable adj.值得尊敬的；体面的活学活用
完成句子
①我敬重他的诚实。
I ________ ________ ________ his honesty.
答案：respect him for
语法填空
②I show respect and admiration ________ my former maths teacher.
答案：for 句意：我尊敬和钦佩我以前的数学老师。show respect for sb.尊敬某人。10.move off离开；起程；出发
①The car stood at the traffic light for a few moments, then moved off.
那辆汽车在交通灯前停了一会儿，然后离开了。
②The lorries were lined up, ready to move off.
卡车都排好队，准备出发。知识拓展
move about/around四处走动
move in迁入新居
move on变换(工种、话题等)；前进
move away搬走
I heard someone moving_about upstairs.
我听见楼上有人走来走去。活学活用
根据语境用适当的副词填空。
①Salesmen are constantly moving ________ from one town to another.
②Since the new house is ready, the family are going to move ________ on the first day of the month.
③By the time he got there, his friends had already moved ________.
④A few minutes later, the whistle sounded and the train began to move ________.
答案：①around/about ②in ③on/off ④off11．crowd in(on sb.)(想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海
①Other events had crowded_in.
许多其他事情又涌上心头。
②Memories crowded in on him as soon as he met the friend whom he had heard nothing of for over thirty years.
他一碰到那位三十多年来没有音信的朋友，许多往事便涌上了心头。知识拓展
crowd around/round...聚集在……周围
be crowded with挤满了……
a crowd of一群……
The guests had all arrived, and the gateway was crowded_with cars.
宾客们都到了，大门口车水马龙。
巧学助记
一言巧记crowd
The crowd crowded into the crowded town hall.
民众涌入了拥挤的市政大厅。
活学活用
根据所给语境用crowd短语填空。
As soon as the lecture was over, ________________ audience ________________ the professor, eager to know more information.
答案：a crowd of; crowded around
12．lead/live a(n) ... life过着……的生活
①Though he is disabled, he leads an active_life.
尽管他身体残疾，但是他过着积极的生活。
②The people there are leading a happy_life now.
现在，那里的人们过着幸福的生活。
名师点拨
常接同源宾语的词
live a(n)．.. life中的life和live为同根词，life为live的同源宾语。常见的能接同源宾语的动词有：live，die，smile，laugh，dream，breathe，sing，sigh，sleep等。活学活用
完成句子。
①She used to ______ ______ ______ ______ in her twenties.
她20多岁时过着艰苦的生活。
②The boy can ________ ________ ________ ________.
那个男孩会唱一首悦耳的歌曲。
③When I looked at her, she smiled a sweet smile.
译：当我看她时，她______________________________。
答案：①lead/live a hard life ②sing a beautiful song ③露出一个甜甜的微笑13.Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans.
简研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么相似。
句式分析
(1)这是一个由and连接的并列句；第二分句中的谓语动词helped前省略了助动词has。
(2)在第二个分句中含有how much引导的宾语从句。
①They have worked hard and tried hard to finish the work.
他们努力工作并且尽力完成工作。
② The book helps understand how much we should do to have a successful life.
这本书让我们知道了为拥有成功的一生我们应该付出多少。
活学活用
仿写句子。
①多年来他一直在研究大熊猫，并帮助人们了解大熊猫所面临的处境。
He _______________________________________________
__________________________________________________
_______what situation pandas are facing.
②他已经从事这份工作两年了，并且逐渐意识到这份工作对他来说是多么重要。
He __________ for two years and gradually realized ________
__________________________________________________.
答案：①has studied pandas for many years and helped people understand
②has taken up the job; how important the job means to him14．This means_going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before.
这意味着我们要返回前一天晚上我们离开的黑猩猩一家睡觉的大树旁。
句式分析
①Missing the bus means_waiting for another ten minutes.
错过这班公交车意味着再等十分钟。
②Do you still remember the place where you stayed last year?
你还记得去年你曾经待过的地方吗？活学活用
仿写句子。
①那意味着失掉他们一直生活的地方。
________________________________________________________________________where they have lied.
答案：That means losing the place
语法填空。
②Independence does not mean ________(shut) the door to the world.
答案：shutting 句意：独立自主并不是闭关自守。mean doing“意味着……”；mean to do“打算做……”。15．For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat.
比方说，她的一个重要发现是黑猩猩猎食动物。
句式分析
①What he said was that he would come here one minute later.
他说他会一分钟后来这儿。
②They showed us the ancient jar they had discovered.
他们给我们看了他们发现的一个古代的罐子。
活学活用
仿写句子。
①她知道的唯一的事情是他还活着。
The only thing______________________________________
______________________he was still alive.
答案：that she knew was that
语法填空。
②Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copper field，was ________ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.
答案：that 在这个表语从句中，要选的词在从句里面不作任何成分，只起连接作用，无实际意义，只有that符合这个要求。16．Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.
我们当天的首项任务就是观察黑猩猩一家是如何醒来的。
句式分析Watching a family of chimps wake up is
↓ ↓
动名词短语作主语 系动词
our first activity of the day.
↓
表语 (1)Watching a family of chimps wake up是v.-ing短语，在句中作主语。
动名词作主语往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验。
①Reading aloud is very important in learning a foreign language.
大声朗读在学习外语中是很重要的。
②Swimming in the sea is my favourite.
在大海里游泳是我的最爱。
③Learning Chinese is very difficult for the foreigners.
对外国人而言，学汉语是相当难的。知识拓展
动名词作主语与不定式作主语
动名词与不定式都可以作主语，一般而言，在表示比较抽象笼统的一般行为时多用动名词；在表示具体某次动作特别是将来的动作时，多用动词不定式。
①Smoking is not allowed here.
此处禁止吸烟。
②It isn't good for you to smoke so much.
你抽这么多烟不好。名师点拨
①动名词与不定式有对称使用的特点。
Teaching is learning.＝To teach is to learn.
教学相长。
②动名词作主语可以用形式主语it，但只限于以下句型：
ⅰ.It is no use/good doing sth.
ⅱ.It's a waste of time doing sth.
(2)句中的wake up充当了宾语补足语。watch, see, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice, find, feel等动词后接复合宾语时，常采用不带to的不定式、现在分词或过去分词作宾语补足语；用不带to的不定式和现在分词时，充当宾语补足语的动词与宾语之间为主动关系，不定式强调动作已完成或经常发生的动作，而现在分词强调动作正在进行；用过去分词时，动词与前面的宾语为被动关系。文章中大量运用了这一结构。①I saw the man enter the bank across the street.
我看见那个人进了街对面的银行。(进去了)
②I often hear my neighbour listen to the radio at night.
晚上我经常听见邻居听收音机。(经常听见)
③When I visited him, I saw him repairing his car.
我去找他时看见他在修车。(正在修)
④He returned home, only to find his house broken into.
他回家时却发现有人闯进了他的房子。(过去分词表被动)知识拓展
本结构用于被动语态时，不定式前要加上to，但充当宾补的分词却不用，例如：be seen to do sth., be seen doing/done。
①The man was seen to enter the bank across the street.
有人看见那个人进了街对面的银行。
②He was seen repairing his car by the road.
有人看见他在路边修车。
③The car was found seriously damaged.
那辆车被发现严重受损。活学活用
仿写句子。
①晚饭后散步对老年人来说是一个好习惯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Walking after supper is a good habit for the old.
语法填空。
②Eugene's never willing to alter any of his opinions. It's no use________(argue) with him.
答案：arguing It's no use doing sth.“做某事没有用处”，为固定句型。
③After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother's voice________(call) him.
答案：calling 句意：敲门声过后，孩子听见妈妈在叫他。voice与call之间构成了语意上的主动关系，而且强调动作在进行，所以接现在分词形式。17．Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.
她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。
句式分析
这是一个倒装句。正常语序的陈述句为：She was allowed to begin her project after her mother came to help her for the first few months.
“Only＋(时间/条件)状语从句”放在句首，主句要用部分倒装结构(即把情态动词、助动词或系动词放在主语前面)。
①Only when the class is over can you go out of the classroom.
只有下课后你才能出教室。
②Only if you speak more will you be able to improve your spoken English.
只有你多说，你才能提高你的英语口语。知识拓展
(1)“Only＋副词/介词短语”放在句首时，主句也要用部分倒装。
①Only then did I realize my mistakes.
直到那时我才意识到我的错误。
②Only in this way can you succeed.
只有用这种方法你才能成功。
(2)only位于句首修饰句子的主语时，不用倒装。
Only Tom took part in the party.
只有汤姆参加了这次聚会。活学活用
完成句子。
①Only in this way __________________________________
the work well.
只有用这种方法，我们才能做好工作。
②Only then ________________________________________
the importance of learning English.
直到那时他才意识到学习英语的重要性。
答案：①can we do ②did he realize
语法填空。
③(2013·江西改编)________ when he apologizes for his rudeness will I speak to him again.
答案：Only 考查倒装句和动词时态。句意：只有当他因为他的无礼道歉时，我才会再和他说话。“Only＋状语(从句)”放在句首，后面的句子倒装。倒装时，把助动词放到主语之前。Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．As a woman, flying across the Atlantic alone was a great ________(achieve)．
2．On the National Day, the streets were ________(crowd) with a large number of people.
3．His speech was ________(inspire) and touched my heart.
4．She is brilliant but her work lacks ________(organize)．
5．She was sitting up in bed, ________(support)by pillows.
6．I spent some time ________(observe) their customs.
7．He is ________(respect) for what he has done.
8．Did you think of the consequences of your ________(behave)?
9．It's no use ________(argue)with them.
10．There is little ________(connect)among them, so there is little need to worry.
答案：1.achievement 2.crowded 3.inspiring 4.organization 5．supported 6.observing 7.respected 8.behaviour 9.arguing 10.connectionⅡ.完成句子
1．_______________________________________________, you should carry it out at once.(once)
一旦你制订出了计划，你应该马上执行。
2．Only by making joint effort ________________________. (improve)只有通过共同努力，我们才能迅速提高。
3．________________________________________________________________________gifted children should be grouped in special classes.(argue)
有天赋的孩子应该被单独放在特殊的班级中，这个问题一直被人们争论。4．________________________________________________________________________ has given him much confidence, and he works even harder.(achieve)
实现的目标给了他很大的信心，他工作更努力了。
5．________________________________________________________________________, he was highly thought of.(devote)
倾其一生来造福人类，他受到了人们的高度评价。6．What he wanted then was__________________________.
(lead)他那时想要的是过一种简单的生活。
7．The campaign ___________________________________
__________________________________________________
was aimed to reduce the traffic accidents.
(launch)由政府发起的这项运动的目的是减少交通事故。
8．It turned out __________________________________the
matter.(connection)
事实证明了他与这件事情有着密切的关系。9．He behaved as if __________________________.(happen)
他表现得就像什么都没发生一样。
10．The farmer warned us ____________________________
_____________________when we tried to camp there.(move)
我们想在那里露营时，农场主警告我们不得靠近他的土地。
答案：1.Once you have made the plan 2.can we improve rapidly 3.It has been argued that 4.Having achieved his goal 5.Having devoted his whole life to mankind 6.to lead a simple life 7.(which was) launched by the government 8.that he had a close connection with 9.nothing had happened 10.to move off his landⅢ.语法单项填空
1．When you stand on the top of the mountain and overlook the surrounding scenery, you'll find it is worthwhile ________ (climb) it up with effort.
答案：to climb/climbing 句意：当你站在山顶并俯瞰周围美景时，你会觉得尽力攀上来是值得的。It is worthwhile to do/doing sth.做……是值得的。
2．She won a Nobel Prize for her scientific ________(achieve)．
答案：achievements 句意：她因为科学成就获得诺贝尔奖。achievement成就。3．They argued ________ each other ________ the matter the whole afternoon, and at last reached an agreement.
答案：with; about 句意：他们就那件事情彼此争论了整个下午，最后终于达成了一致。argue with sb.about...就……与某人争论。
4．You will be successful in the interview ________ you have confidence.
答案：once/when/as soon as/if 考查连词。句意：在面试中，一旦你有了信心，你就会成功的。5．Only a few people spoke in support ________ the proposal in the meeting.
答案：of in support of支持。
6．________ when I left my parents for Italy did I realize how much I loved them.
答案：Only 句意：只有当我离开父母去意大利时，我才意识到我是多么爱他们。only修饰状语从句位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
7．Tom said, “Many ideas will crowd________ when it comes to snowboarding.”
答案：in 句意：汤姆说：“当提到滑雪板运动的时候，许多想法就涌上了心头。”8．Don't spoil the child. Can't you make your little son behave________？
答案：himself 句意：别宠坏了小孩，难道你不能让你的小儿子表现得好一点吗？behave oneself意为“表现得体；有礼貌”，为习惯搭配。
9．As a boss of a big company, he just wants to live________ simple life instead of a luxury(奢侈的)one.
答案：a 句意：作为一个大公司的老板，他只想过一种简朴的而不是奢侈的生活。live a．.. life过一种……的生活。
10．He was an ________(inspire) poet at that time and his ________(inspire) poems spread through all the country.
答案：inspired; inspiring 句意：在那时，他是一个有灵感的诗人，他鼓舞人心的诗在全国各地传播。inspired受到鼓舞的，有灵感的；inspiring鼓舞人心的，激励的。Unit 1 Section Ⅱ
Ⅰ.语法单项填空
1．—Did you learn any foreign language when you were in college?
—Yes, more than one language________(be) taught at that time.
答案：was more than one＋可数名词单数，表示复数的意义，但是谓语动词要用单数。
2．The students each ________(have) an English dictionary in our school.
答案：have 考查主谓一致。句意：我们学校的每个学生都有一本英语词典。each在句中仅仅是主语the students的同位语，所以本题谓语应用复数。
3．Two thirds of his book ________(finish) so far.
答案：has been finished 考查主谓一致。句意：到现在为止他已完成了这本书的三分之二。分数作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于分数指代的内容，此处指“书的三分之二的内容”，且时间状语so far“到目前为止”决定了本题的时态，用现在完成时；由句意可知用被动语态。
4．Catherine is the only one of the visitors who ________(know) a little Chinese and is one of my net friends who ________(be) studying in China now.
答案：knows; are 当one of前有the only修饰时，后面的定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式，否则用复数。
5．The police ________(be) keeping an eye on the suspect.
答案：are 考查主谓一致。句意：警察正在监视这个嫌疑犯。police是一个表示复数概念的名词，作主语时谓语动词用复数。类似的名词还有cattle，people等。
6．Every means ________(use) prevent the river from ________(pollute)．
答案：is used to; being polluted 句意：每一种方式都被用来阻止河流被污染。be used to do sth.被用来做某事；prevent sth. from...阻止某事发生。every决定了谓语为单数；pollute与the river之间为被动关系。
7．When and where we will have our holiday ________(have) not been decided yet.
答案：has 考查主谓一致。句意：我们何时何地度假还没定。表示“到目前为止还没有决定下来”应用现在完成时；when and where作主语表示同一概念，谓语动词用单数。
8．Her family as well as she ________(be) glad to meet you here.
答案：are 考查主谓一致。as well as连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数与as well as短语之前的名词的单复数一致。集合名词在强调成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。
9．The number of tourists travelling abroad ________(be) rising gradually.
答案：is 考查主谓一致。句意：到国外旅游的游客的数目在逐渐上升。the number of...作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。
10．The restaurant with thirty waiters ________(offer) to him as a gift.
答案：is offered 句意：有30名服务员的饭店被作为礼物送给了他。主语后面若跟with短语，谓语动词的单复数与主语一致，且主语与谓语之间为被动关系。
11．Either you or your brother ________(be) to give a performance at Sunday's party.
答案：is 考查主谓一致。句意：你或者你的哥哥要在周日的聚会上表演一个节目。either... or...遵循就近一致的原则。be to do sth.将要做某事。
12．Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf ________(be) such an attraction that some children saw it a second time.
答案：was 由“... some children saw it a second time.”可知，应用一般过去时；主语“Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf”是少儿动画片的名称，谓语动词应用单数。句意为“《喜羊羊与灰太狼》是如此有吸引力的一部动画片以至于一些孩子又看了一遍”。
13．I wonder whether the soldier is one of those who ________(have) been sent abroad to keep peace.
答案：have 在“one of＋复数名词/代词”后面的定语从句中的谓语动词用复数；战士是被送到国外维和的，所以用被动语态。句意为“我想知道这名士兵是否是被送到国外维和的士兵之一”。
14．In this country it is required that anyone who ________(have) recently come here ________(have) to pass this kind of test.
答案：has; have “who...recently come here”为定语从句，修饰限制anyone，定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致，故第一个空用单数；require后加从句应用虚拟语气，即should＋动词原形，should可以省略，故第二个空应用动词原形have。句意为“在这个国家，最近来的任何人都要求必须通过这种考试”。
15．It is reported that many a new house ________(build) at present in the disaster area.
答案：is being built 句意：据报道，目前灾区有很多新房子正在修建。“many a＋可数名词单数”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；由时间状语at present可知，应用现在进行时，由句意可知用被动语态。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The United States are made up of many states.( )
2．Politics are related to facts closely. ( )
3．Many a student have a mobile phone.( )
4．To have a sunbath are helpful to our health.( )
5．Playing basketball are good to lose weight.( )
6．What I want now is some reference books.( )
7．When and where they will go climbing are unknown.( )
8．The composer and musician are world-famous.( )
答案：1.are→is 2.are→is 3.have→has 4.are→is 5.are→is 6.is→are 7.are→is 8.are→is
Ⅲ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．I together with my friends ________(be) going to do some shopping this Saturday.
2．Tom is one of the students who ________(have) passed the exam.
3．Each of the members in the club ________(have) a membership card.
4．When the lights went out, the family ________(be) having supper together.
5．About two thirds of the information ________(be) all from the Internet.
6．His shoes ________(be) covered with mud.
7．Not only his parents but also he ________(be) going to attend the concert.
8．Great quantities of sand ________(be) washed down the hillside by the rain.
9．No boy and no girl ________(be) absent.
10．More than one person ________(agree) with what you said.
答案：1.am 2.have 3.has 4.were 5.was 6.are/were
7．is 8.were 9.is 10.agrees
Ⅳ.阅读理解
On June 16th, 2012 Tiangong-Ⅰ welcomed its first guest, the Shenzhou-Ⅸ spacecraft. China was the third country in the world to send a woman into space using its own technology. In the world, the first woman into space was the Soviet Union's Valentina Tereshkova in 1963.
As a child, Liu Yang once wanted to be a bus conductor and later a lawyer but decades later, the thirty-three-year-old woman, became the first Chinese woman in space.
Liu Yang and her two male colleagues carried out a successful manual docking operation(人工对接) with the Tiangong-Ⅰ laboratory module during the 13-day mission. The technique was mastered only by USSR(前苏联) and USA space teams in the 1960s.
Ms Liu, from Henan Province, joining the PLA Air Force in 1997, became an experienced pilot after flying safely for 1,680 hours. In 2010, she became an astronaut because of her good job.
“When I was a pilot, I flew in the sky. Now that I am an astronaut, I will fly in space. This will be a much higher and farther flight. I always couldn't help wondering: What would the earth look like from outer space？” Liu said.
“I have full confidence，” Liu said before the task. There are many foreign female astronauts that have been into space. Men and women have their own advantages in carrying out space tasks. They can encourage each other and better complete their tasks.
However, the difficulty of her training has not affected her life's pleasure. “I love children and I love life. I love reading, especially novels and history books. I am also a great cook. To be with my family is one kind of happiness, but to fly is another kind that people can't experience.”
“I am grateful to the motherland and the people. I feel honoured to fly into space on behalf of millions of female Chinese citizens.” Liu said after coming back to the earth safely.
On China's Tencent QQ messaging service, she goes by the name “little flying knight”．
文章大意：你知道中国第一位进入太空的女宇航员是谁吗？阅读本篇了解这一伟大女性的故事吧！
1．Liu Yang worked as an astronaut when she was ________ years old.
A．18 B．33
C．31 D．25
答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知2012年，刘洋33岁；根据第四段In 2010，she became an astronaut...，故可知刘洋31岁成为一名宇航员。
2．From the passage, we know Liu Yang is very ________.
A．outgoing B．confident
C．beautiful D．upset
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第六段I have full confidence...可知答案是B项。
3．The seventh paragraph tells us ________.
A．Liu Yang is a good wife and mother
B．Liu Yang enjoys reading novels and history books
C．Liu Yang loves her job as well as her family
D．Liu Yang has to work hard every day
答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章第七段描述可知刘洋热爱家庭同样也热爱工作。
4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．There were three astronauts in the Shenzhou-Ⅸ manned spacecraft.
B．Liu Yang had been a pilot before becoming an astronaut.
C．Liu Yang was the first Chinese woman astronaut who had been into space.
D．Liu Yang thinks she can do better than the male astronauts in space.
答案：D 细节理解题。根据文章第六段Men and women have their own advantages in carrying out space tasks.They can encourage each other and better complete their tasks.可看出，刘洋认为宇航员有着各自的优点，只要相互鼓励就能出色完成任务，而不是自己比男宇航员做得好。故D项是所选答案。
Ⅴ.七选五
__1__ Because, from what I could see, it seemed that grown-ups often forgot. I never wanted to forget—I wanted to be able to remind other adults and myself when the time came. I began consciously(有意识地) thinking this at quite an early age.
As soon as I was fully aware (意识到) of myself, I regarded me as a little person and liked adults who thought of and treated me the same way. I didn't have a doll and I didn't want one. I wanted animal toys, even a single animal. Why wouldn't my parents give me the one thing I wanted? __2__
Instead, my dad somehow managed to buy me a full set of encyclopedia(百科全书) and books with maps and color pictures long before I could read. Well, guess what? I learned to read without realizing it! Later, I found out when I started school and it all came so easy especially geography. __3__ Because of all the books my father bought me, I knew a lot of words that other children didn't know at my age.
I love words. They opened up new worlds for me. __4__ Parents, please make sure your kids have a computer. Let them explore as safely as possible—let them do their own things and discover the world.
Now, most kids lead a happy life. They can get what they want from their parents. But children should learn to be independent. __5__ Be independent to do your own things.
A．Because of them, I read and thought, and today, I write.
B．When I was a child, I promised myself to try to remember as much as I could.
C．I listened and heard everything, even if I didn't understand everything.
D．I nearly knew every place on the map like the teacher.
E．But more than anything, it made me feel uncomfortable and I knew it wasn't nice.
F．Later, I knew we didn't have much money, but how expensive could a toy be?
G．Be independent to learn some useful knowledge.
答案：这是一篇关于描写我自己的童年经历，在我很小的时候，我父亲就给我买书，培养我读书的习惯，使我能够独立学习，独立思考的文章。
1．B 根据下文，Because, from what I could see, it seemed that grown-ups often forgot. I never wanted to forget可以看出选B，当我还是一个孩子时，我就对自己承诺，尽可能多的记住。
2．F 根据全文内容及Instead, my dad somehow managed to buy me a full set of encyclopedia(百科全书) and books with maps and color pictures long before I could read.这里选F最合适，后来我知道我们没有很多钱，但是买一个玩具能有多贵？故选F。
3．D 根据Later, I found out when I started school and it all came so easy especially geography.我明白了地图上每一个地方都像我的老师。故选D。
4．A 根据上文I love words. They opened up new worlds for me，因为它们，我阅读并思考，现在我开始写作。故选A。
5．G 根据But children should learn to be independent，可知这里想说独立学习一些有用的知识，故选G。
Ⅵ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
One day, about ten years ago, while working at the cash register in the gift shop at my University Museum of Natural History, I saw an elderly couple come in with a little girl in a wheelchair. As I looked__1__(close) at this girl, I found that she was fixed on her chair. I then realized she had no arms or legs, just a head, a neck and upper body，__2__(dress) in a little white skirt. As the couple wheeled her up to me, I turned my head toward the girl. When I took the money__3__her grandparents, I looked back at the girl, who was giving me the most optimistic, largest smile I had ever seen. All of __4__sudden, her handicap was gone and all I saw was this beautiful girl，__5__smile just melted me__6__almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of__7__life is all about. She took me from a poor, unhappy college student and__8__(bring) me into her world; a world of smiles, love and__9__(warm). I'm a successful business man now and whenever I think about the troubles of the world, I think about that little girl and the remarkable lesson about life that she taught__10__.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：不幸女孩微笑着面对生活，给了作者很大触动，使他摆脱了贫困带给他的烦恼。
1．closer/closely 更近地看，表示与上文比较，或直接用副词。
2．dressed be dressed in“穿着”。
3．from take...from“从……拿……”。
4．a all of a sudden“突然”。
5．whose 引导定语从句，并在从句中做定语，修饰smile。
6．and 连接并列谓语melted和gave。
7．what 引导宾语从句，且在从句中做about的宾语。
8．brought 因为是并列谓语，所以应与前面谓语动词took时态一致。
9．warmth 抽象名词，与前面的smiles，love并列。
10．me 考查短语teach sb a lesson，这里缺少间接宾语。
【辽宁卷题型】
Ross：So, Betty, you are really into jewelry. Can you share__1__me knowledge about gems (宝石) and stones, for example, Jade?
Betty：Well, Jade is usually green, although you can find white and yellow and even pink Jade, maybe other colors too, but the most popular and the most common Jade you find is green and has various shades of green. You have to be careful though__2__you buy Jade because very often Jade has been injected with a color to make it__3__(green) than it would be__4__(nature), and I don't care __5__that bright green color.
Ross：That's__6__(use) information. What do you know about carnelian?
Betty: I wish I__7__(know) more about this now that you're asking me. Um, carnelian(玛瑙)is another kind of gem that I like a lot. Carnelian is a red stone. It's got kind of an orange shade to it, so __8__orangish－red color and it makes beautiful beads, so very often you will see necklaces and earrings made from carnelian beads, and it shines very nicely as__9__.
Ross: Yeah, very beautiful. Do you know any other kind of gems?
Betty ：Yeah, actually, quartz, crystals. They are also things__10__you can wear.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：Betty在跟朋友Ross讲解她所知道的关于翡翠和玛瑙两样玉石的知识。
1．with 考查动词短语的搭配。share sth with sb，意思是“与某人分享某事”。
2．when 考查连词。由句意“买玉石的时候一定要小心”可知，此处用表示时间的连词when。
3．greener 考查形容词比较级。由than可知，要用green的比较级形式。
4．natural 考查形容词。natural的意思是“天然的”。句意：注入一种色素使其看起来比天然的颜色还要绿。
5．for/about 考查介词。care for/about可作“喜欢，在意”讲。
6．useful 考查词形变化。useful的意思是“有用的”。
7．knew 考查虚拟语气。wish后面用的是虚拟语气，表示与现实相反的情况，故动词用过去式。
8．it's/it is 考查句子的结构。由后面的成分可知，该句子不完整，缺少主语和谓语，应加上it's/it is。
9．well 考查固定搭配。填此空需要结合前面句子的意思，由语境可知此处是表示它还能闪闪发光。
10．that/which 考查定语从句的引导词。因为指的是物，且名词前没有特殊的限定词，因此that/which都可以。
课件39张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 必修4(十二省区) Women of achievement Unit 1Section Ⅱ Learning about Language Unit 1观察思考
用所给词的适当形式填空。
①Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group ________(be)all going to visit them in the forest.
②Watching a family of chimps wake up ________(be)our first activity of the day.
③Jane ________(have) studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans.
④Everybody ________(sit) and ________(wait) in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off.
⑤We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family ________(be)as strong as in a human family.
⑥When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it ________(be) unusual for a woman to live in the forest.
答案：①are ②is ③has ④sits; waits ⑤is ⑥was一、基础点拨
(一)名词作主语时的主谓一致
1．只表示复数意义的名词people，police，cattle，poultry(家禽)等，形式上是单数，而意义上却是复数，谓语动词要用复数形式。
*Cattle are selling for record prices this year.
牛今年的售价之高是创纪录的。2．集体名词crowd，family，team，group，government，committee，class，union，firm，staff，public等作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定。强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式，强调各个成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。
*The team is the best in this city.
这个队是这个城市最好的队。
*The team are driving to the game in their own cars.(强调队员)
队员们正驾驶自己的车前往赛场。3．只作不可数名词的集体名词clothing，baggage/luggage，furniture，scenery，jewellery，equipment等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
*The baggage was brought from the attic for packing.
把行李从阁楼上搬下来打包。
*The furniture was made according to her order.
家具是按她的要求定做的。4．单复数同形的名词means，sheep，deer等，据其表达的单复数的意义而定。
*The quickest means of travel is by plane.
最快的交通方式是乘飞机。
*There wasn't a sheep in sight.
一只羊也看不见。
*The sheep are safe in the sheepfold.
羊在羊栏里很安全。5．只有复数形式的名词goods，clothes，remains等，谓语动词用复数形式。
*There're a large variety of goods in the shops.
商店里有各式各样的商品。
6．表示成双成套的名词glasses，trousers，shoes，scissors，gloves等，谓语动词用复数形式。
*My trousers are too tight, so I have to change them for another pair.
我的裤子太紧了，因此我只好换另一条。名师点拨
按“量”则不同
表示成双成套的名词前若有pair of，type of等修饰，谓语动词的单复数根据量词的形式确定。
*A new pair of trousers was bought by my aunt yesterday.
昨天我姑姑买了一条新裤子。 (二)并列结构作主语时的主谓一致
1．由and或both... and连接，其内容是复数，谓语动词需用复数。
*Both the artist and his student are going to Beijing next week.
下周这位艺术家和他的学生打算去北京。
2．由or；either... or...；neither... nor...；not only... but also...；not...but...等连接主语时，谓语动词单复数须与就近的名词或代词一致。
*Either he or his friends are to give us a hand.
他或者他的朋友们计划帮我们一把。
3．主语后有with，together with，as well as，like，along with，rather than等词或短语时，谓语动词的单复数仍与主语一致。
*He, together with his classmates, is going to go swimming tomorrow afternoon.
他和他的同班同学打算明天下午去游泳。 (三)数量概念作主语时的主谓一致
1．表示时间、距离、长度、重量等的复数名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
*Ten years isn't a very long period.
十年不是一段很长的时期。
2．some，most，rest及分数、百分数等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据所代替的名词确定。
*Some of the students are from abroad.(some指代学生们)
一些学生来自国外。
*—Is there any more tea？——还有茶吗？
—Yes, some is left.(some指代茶)——有，还剩一点。
3．a number of＋复数名词＋谓语(复数)。
*A number of new buildings have just been finished.
很多的新楼刚刚建成。
4．the number of＋复数名词＋谓语(单数)。
*The number of chairs in the classroom is 60.
教室里有60把椅子。
5．quantities of＋复数名词/不可数名词＋谓语(复数)；而a quantity of＋复数名词/不可数名词，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的名词。
*Large quantities of water are needed for cooling purpose.
冷却要用大量的水。
*A quantity of food has been sent to the disaster-stricken area.
大量的食物被送往了灾难袭击的地区。 (四)不定代词作主语时的主谓一致
1．either，neither，each，little，much等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
*Each of us has a company car.
我们每人都有一辆公司的汽车。
2．both，few，many，several等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
*Both of them swim well.
他们俩都很会游泳。
3．all指可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词形式用复数；若指不可数名词作主语，谓语动词形式用单数。
*All of us were disappointed by him.
他使我们大家都失望了。
*All of his advice is very important to us.
他的所有的建议对我们来说很重要。
4．none指可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词形式单、复数均可；若指不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
*None of the money is mine.
这笔钱没有一点是我的。
*None of the guests want to stay.
客人中没有一个想留下的。二、难点突破
特殊结构作主语时的主谓一致。
1．由and连接的并列单数主语前若有no，each，many a，every等修饰，谓语动词要用单数。
*Each boy and each girl is asked to be dressed in a school uniform.
每个男孩及每个女孩都被要求穿校服。
*Many a book and many a dictionary was bought for the school.
为这所学校买了很多的书及词典。
2．当and连接的两个词指同一个人或事物时，谓语要用单数。
*The writer and teacher is giving a lecture to the students.
这位作家兼教师正在给学生们做报告。
3．many a/more than one/one of＋单数名词＋谓语(单数)。
*Many a book is handed out among the readers.
很多书被分发给了读者。4．the＋形容词作主语。
*The poor are in need of help.
穷人们需要帮助。
5．在 there be 句式中，谓语动词与就近的名词单复数一致。
*There is a dictionary and some papers on the desk.
桌上有一本词典和一些讲义。
6．在倒装句中，谓语动词的单复数与其后面的名词的单复数一致。
*There comes the bus.
公交车来了。7．定语从句中关系代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与先行词的单复数一致。
*Those who want to join the club sign here, please.
想参加俱乐部的人请在这里签名。
8．表示单一概念的不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
*Learning about what happens every day in the world is to benefit you a lot.
随时了解世上每天发生的事情一定会对你有益。名师点拨
what引导从句作主语，且谓语为系表结构时，谓语的单复数形式取决于表语。
*What the farmers are in great need of now is water.
农民们现在急需的东西是水。
*What the farmers are in great need of now are tools.
农民们现在急需的东西是工具。语法单项填空
1．No bird and no beast ________(see) in the lonely island.
答案：is seen “no＋名词＋and＋no＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；主语和see之间为动宾关系。故用被动语态。句意为“在这个孤岛上，人们没有看到鸟和动物”。
2．One and a half apples ________(be) left on the table.
答案：is “one and a half＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。句意为“桌子上只剩下一个半苹果了”。 3．—How did your students express their thanks to you on Teachers' Day?
—A gift together with many flowers ________(be) sent to me.
答案：was 若句子的主语是由together with，along with，with，as well as＋名词或代词来修饰时，谓语须与together with，along with，with等前面的名词或代词保持数的一致。根据问句，此处用一般过去时。句意：“——在教师节那天你的学生是如何向你表达谢意的？——他们送给我一件礼物连同许多花。”4．Many a writer of newspaper articles ________(have) turned to writing novels.
答案：has “many a＋单数名词”作主语，虽表示复数意义，但谓语动词用单数。句意为“许多报纸文章的作者已经转向于写小说”。
5．Five years ________ (pass) since they met last time, and for them, five years ________(be) really a long time.
答案：has passed; is 时间、重量、长度、价值的复数当一个整体来看，作主语时，谓语用单数。句意为“自他们上次见面到现在已五年过去了，对于他们来说，五年确实是很长的一段时间”。6．The number of people invited ________(be) fifty, but a number of them ________(be) absent for different reasons.
答案：was; were the number of...作主语时谓语动词用单数；a number of...作主语时谓语动词用复数。句意为“受到邀请的人数为50，但很多人以不同的理由缺席”。
7．Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, ________(hope) to go to university.
答案：hopes 此处缺谓语，each of...作主语，谓语动词用单数，句意为“每一个学生努力学习功课，都希望考上大学”。8．A rescue team ________(be) sent to the flooded area and the team ________(be) given different jobs.
答案：was; were 在本题中A rescue team指一个整体，作主语时谓语用单数；后面的the team指营救队里的成员，故谓语用复数。句意为“一支救援队被送到洪涝区，分派给队员们各种各样的工作”。
9．Her clothes ________(make) by herself.
答案：are made clothes作主语，谓语用复数形式，clothes与make之间为被动关系，故用被动语态形式。句意为“她的衣服是她自己做的”。10．Jack is the only one of the students who ________(speak) English well.
答案：speaks 在“the only one of＋复数名词”后的定语从句中，从句中的谓语动的数与one保持一致，应用单数。句意为“杰克是唯一一位说英语好的学生”。
11．Not only you but also he ________(be) going to the meeting tomorrow.
答案：is not only...but also...连接并列主语时，谓语动词采用就近一致原则，本题中与he保持一致，应用单数。句意为“明天不仅你而且他也要参加会议”。12．There ________(be) a lake and five buildings in this park.
答案：is “there be”后面接几个名词时，谓语动词与靠近的那个名词保持一致。句意为“在这个公园里有一个湖和五栋建筑”。
13．(2012·湖南改编)All the scientific evidence ________(show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming ________(be) damaging our health.
答案：shows; is 考查主谓一致。evidence是不可数名词，故谓语用第三人称单数；that引导的宾语从句的主语是use，故谓语用单数。
14．(2012·陕西改编)The basketball coach, as well as his team, ________(be) interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
答案：was 本题考查主谓一致。句意：由于杰出的表现，在比赛之后不久，篮球教练和他的队员接受了采访。有as well as ，along with，together with等短语连接两个主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。故此处用单数谓语动词。根据情景判断，此处表示过去的事情。
15．Listening to loud music at rock concerts ________(have) caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
答案：has 句意：在摇滚音乐中，听嘈杂的音乐使一些青少年造成听力损失。本题考查主谓一致。动名词短语作主语时，谓语用单数。Unit 1 Section Ⅲ
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．When you come across an ________(紧急情况), call 119.
2．He did it entirely out of ________(好意) not for the money.
3．The little boy recovered from ________(疾病) very soon.
4．This precious picture has been handed down from one ________(一代) to another.
5．The ________(观众)enjoyed every minute of the performance.
6．We should give the matter careful ________(考虑)．
7．A postman is a man employed to ________(递送) letters and parcels.
8．He is always ________(谦虚的)about his success.
答案：1.emergency 2.kindness 3.sickness 4.generation 5.audience 6.consideration 7.deliver 8.modest
Ⅱ.用方框中所给短语的正确形式填空
Look down upon;refer to;by chance;come across;carry on
1．On our way to school, we ________________ an old man lying on the road.
2．Women were ________________ in the old society.
3．________________ a dictionary if you don't know what this word means.
4．Her help has given the old man the hope to ________________ with his life.
5．He learned the news ________________ from a newspaper.
答案：1.came across 2.looked down upon 3.Refer to 4.carry on 5.by chance
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．刚才你提到的那个女孩是我的朋友。
The girl you ________________ just now is my friend.
2．我碰巧在机场遇见她。
I ________________________ at the airport.
3．这本书是专为初学者设计的。
This book ________________________ beginners.
4．教授昨天给我们做了一次演讲。
The professor ________________ to us yesterday.
5．你应该继续你的新书。
You should ________________________ your new book.
答案：1.referred to 2.met her by chance 3.is intended for
4．delivered a lecture 5.carry on with
Ⅳ.语法单项填空
1．He has left his book here ________ chance so that you can read it.
答案：by 句意：他有意把书留在这里以便你能阅读到它。by chance＝by accident碰巧，偶然。
2．—Can I help you?
—I want to buy an English story book that ________(intend) the senior middle school students.
答案：is intended for 句意：——请问您要买什么？——我想买本供高中生阅读的英文故事书。be intended for...“专供……使用的；专为……而设计的”，符合句意。
3．When coming ________ a new word, you'd better refer________ a dictionary.
答案：across; to 第一个空考查come across(偶然遇到)；第二个空考查refer to a dictionary。
4．We should not look ________ and laugh at those in trouble. Instead, we should help them.
答案：down upon 句意：我们不应当嘲笑那些处于困境中的人们，而是应该帮助他们。
5．It was considerate ________ you not to play the piano while I was asleep.
答案：of 句意：你在我睡觉时不弹钢琴真是太周到了。
6．________seems that there is still a lot more to do to improve the women's life in China.
答案：It 考查固定句型。句意：好像要想提高中国妇女的生活仍然有更多的事情要做。It seems that...似乎……，好像……，符合句意。
7．The meal over, the managers went back, to the meeting room to carry ________ their discussion.
答案：on 句意：吃完饭后，经理们回到会议室继续进行他们的讨论。
8．Lucy! Why not________ (go)to the concert with me tonight?
答案：go 句意：露西，为什么今晚不和我一起去参加音乐会呢？Why not do sth.用来提出意见，解释为“为什么不……？”
Ⅴ.阅读理解
(2014·山东)Elizabeth Freeman was born about 1742 to African American parents who were slaves. At the age of six months she was acquired, along with her sister, by John Ashley, a wealthy Massachusetts slaveholder. She became known as “Mumbet” or “Mum Bett.”
For nearly 30 years Mumbet served the Ashley family. One day, Ashley's wife tried to strike Mumbet's sister with a spade. Mumbet protected her sister and took the blow instead. Furious, she left the house and refused to come back. When the Ashleys tried to make her return, Mumbet consulted a lawyer, Theodore Sedgewick. With his help, Mumbet sued (起诉) for her freedom.
While serving the Ashleys, Mumbet had listened to many discussions of the new Massachusetts constitution. If the constitution said that all people were free and equal, then she thought it should apply to her. Eventually, Mumbet won her freedom—the first slave in Massachusetts to do so under the new constitution.
Strangely enough, after the trial, the Ashleys asked Mumbet to come back and work for them as a paid employee. She declined and instead went to work for Sedgewick. Mumbet died in 1829, but her legacy lived on in her many descendants(后裔). One of her great-grandchildren was W. E. B. Du Bois, one of the founders of the NAACP, and an important writer and spokesperson for African American civil rights.
Mumbet's tombstone still stands in the Massachusetts cemetery where she was buried. It reads, in part: “She was born a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years. She could neither read nor write, yet in her own sphere she had no superior or equal.”
文章大意：本文主要讲述了一位英勇的非裔美国人的抗争，赢得世人敬仰。
1．What do we know about Mumbet according to Paragraph 1?
A．She was born a slave.
B．She was a slaveholder.
C．She had a famous sister.
D．She was born into a rich family.
答案：A 细节理解题。由第一段知 ，Mumbet由奴隶父母所生。
2．Why did Mumbet run away from the Ashleys?
A．She found an employer.
B．She wanted to be a lawyer.
C．She was hit and got angry.
D．She had to take care of her sister.
答案：C 推理判断题。由原文took the blow instead. Furious知。
3．What did Mumbet learn from discussions about the new constitution?
A．She should always obey her owners' orders.
B．She should be as free and equal as whites.
C．How to be a good servant.
D．How to apply for a job.
答案：B 细节理解题。由第三段第二句知所有人生而平等。
4．What did Mumbet do after the trial?
A．She chose to work for a lawyer.
B．She founded the NAACP.
C．She continued to serve the Ashleys.
D．She went to live with her grandchildren.
答案：A 细节理解题。由第四段第二句知她决定为律师工作。
5．What is the text mainly about?
A．A story of a famous writer and spokesperson.
B．The friendship between a lawyer and a slave.
C．The life of a brave African American woman.
D．A trial that shocked the whole world.
答案：C 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了一位英勇的非裔美国人的抗争，赢得世人敬仰。
Ⅵ.完形填空
Harriet Tubman was born a slave. She didn't get a __1__ to go to school. __2__ a child, Harriet had to work very hard in __3__ all day. That way, her owner could __4__ a lot of money when he sold his crops. Harriet __5__ think that she was being treated fairly.
__6__ Harriet grew up, she ran away from the plantation(庄园) to the northern United States. There, and in Canada, __7__ could be free.
Harriet liked to be free. She felt __8__ for all of the black people who were __9__ slaves.
Harriet returned to __10__ to help other slaves to run away. She made __11__ that they got to the north and became free.
Harriet was in great __12__ because of a __13__ law. The law said it was not permitted to __14__ slaves run away. She also __15__ that the slave owners said they would __16__ $4,000 to anyone who could catch Harriet Tubman.
There were many stories about Harriet helping slaves run away. In all, she made nineteen __17__ back to the South and guided about 300 slaves to __18__. When the Civil War broke out, the northern states __19__ with the southern states. Harriet __20__ the northern states because the northerners believed that slaves should be free. She worked as a nurse and spied behind enemy lines until the northern states won the war.
文章大意：美国内战期间，一位著名的黑人女英雄Harriet Tubman先后返回19次帮助南方奴隶逃往北方，阅读本篇，你会对她的勇敢而钦佩！
1．A.day B．chance
C．permission D．moment
答案：B 固定搭配题。此处不是强调上学时间的长短，排除A、D两项。从下文________ a child，Harriet had to work...可知，她是没有机会去上学，而不是别人不允许。故选B。
2．A.As B．Being
C．Since D．Like
答案：A 逻辑推理题。as a child相当于when she was a child。
3．A.the farm B．a school
C．the fields D．a factory
答案：C 固定搭配题。从下文的That way，her owner could ________ a lot of money when he sold his crops.分析，排除B、D两项，farm与on搭配，故答案为C。
4．A.make B．pay
C．got D．spend
答案：A 固定搭配题。make money赚钱。
5．A.certainly B．didn't
C．no more D．no longer
答案：B 逻辑推理题。从下文她长大后，从庄园逃跑判断，她认为别人对她不公平，所以她才逃跑，故答案为B。
6．A.Since B．After
C．Then D．With
答案：B 逻辑推理题。Harriet长大以后，从庄园逃到了美国北部。
7．A.the white B．white
C．black D．black people
答案：D 逻辑推理题。她是黑人奴隶，之所以逃到那里，是因为那里的黑人是自由的。
8．A.happy B．sure
C．wrong D．sorry
答案：D 固定搭配题。根据下文她帮奴隶逃跑一事，她对奴隶应该感到同情、抱歉和不安，故选D。
9．A.still B．yet
C．only D．not
答案：A 逻辑推理题。由上题解释可知她为仍然是奴隶的黑人感到同情、抱歉和不安。
10．A.Canada B．the South
C．the North D．the U. S.
答案：B 逻辑推理题。根据上下文，她从南部逃到北部，再返回，应该是回到南部，故选B。
11．A.perfect B．way
C．possible D．sure
答案：D 固定搭配题。make sure固定词组，意为“确信，确保”。
12．A.anger B．anxiety
C．hurry D．danger
答案：D 固定搭配题。in danger固定词组，意为“处于危险中，有危险”。
13．A.explained B．gained
C．passed D．broken
答案：C 词义辨析题。pass通过法律等，根据上下文，此处指“因为通过的一项法律”。
14．A.help B．set free
C．stop D．catch
答案：A 逻辑推理题。她处于危险中就是因为法律不允许帮助奴隶逃跑，故选A。
15．A.found B．noticed
C．found out D．made sure
答案：C 逻辑推理题。Harriet也发现奴隶主说他们将悬赏4 000美元抓她。find out指通过各种途径发现，符合句意。
16．A.pay B．make
C．spend D．get
答案：A 固定搭配题。由上题解释可知选A。
17．A.letters B．incidents
C．trips D．trials
答案：C 固定搭配题。结合文章上下文，此处指“她总共返回南方19次”，此处trips符合语境。make trips旅行。
18．A.freedom B．safety
C．North D．southern states
答案：A 逻辑推理题。她帮奴隶逃跑就是为了让他们获得自由，故选A。
19．A.united B．fought
C．made peace D．gave in
答案：B 固定搭配题。美国内战指南方和北方发生斗争，fight with和……斗争。
20．A.looked for B．stood for
C．looked on D．went to
答案：B 短语辨析题。stand for意为“赞同，支持”，符合句意，故选B。
Ⅶ.短文改错
My grandmother died of lung cancer at age of sixty on Jan 27, 2009. Only then did I know cigarettes were the mainly cause of her cancer. She knows smoking was harmful, so she just couldn't quit. She always hid her addiction, hoped that I would never start smoking. My grandmother was my role models and I loved her so much. Now I still wake up in every day wishing that smoking has never been invented.Our promise to her is that I will never smoke as long as I live, so that I don't have to go through which she did.
答案：
My grandmother died of lung cancer at age of sixty on Jan 27, 2009. Only then did I know cigarettes were the cause of her cancer. She smoking was harmful, she just couldn't quit. She always hid her addiction, that I would never start smoking. My grandmother was my role and I loved her so much. Now I still wake up every day wishing that smoking never been invented. promise to her is that I will never smoke as long as I live, so that I don't have to go through she did.
课件84张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 必修4(十二省区) Women of achievement Unit 1Section Ⅲ Using Language Unit 1Ⅰ.单词速记
1．________(n.)观众；听众；读者
2．________(n.)比率；速度
3．___________(n.)突发事件；紧急情况
4．___________(n.)一代；一辈
5．________(n.)疾病；恶心→sick(adj.)患病的；恶心的
6．________(vt.)计划；打算→intention(n.)打算
7．________(n.)仁慈；好意→kind(adj.)好心的；仁慈的 audiencerateemergencygenerationsicknessintendkindness8．__________(adj.)考虑周到的→consideration(n.)考虑；体谅
9．________(vt.)递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)→delivery(n.)发表；递送；分娩
10．________(adj.)谦虚的；谦让的；适度的→modesty(n.)谦虚；虚心consideratedelivermodestⅡ.短语互译
1．look down upon/on ________________
2．refer to ________________
3．by chance ________________
4．come across ________________
5．catch one's eye ________________
6．喜欢；想要 ________________
7．免于；没有 ________________ 蔑视；瞧不起查阅；参考；谈到碰巧；凑巧(偶然)遇见；碰见引起某人的注意care forfree from8．专供……使用的 ________________
9．次于 ________________
10．后来；稍后 ________________
11．继续；坚持 ________________be intended forsecond tolater oncarry onⅢ.完成句子
1．直到有一天晚上坐在电脑旁研究中国的伟大的女性时，我才有了答案。
___________________________________________________________one evening when I sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of China.(not... until...直到……才……)
2．她似乎一直都在为自己选择的事业而奔忙，去国外留学，写了很多书和文章。
_________________________________________________, travelling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles.(It seemed that...似乎……)3．这是一本小书，介绍了在妇女怀孕和护理婴儿的过程中如何降低死亡的问题。
It was a small book___________________________________
__________________________________________________
from having and caring for babies.(分词短语作后置定语)
4．突然我想起，在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么的困难啊。
Suddenly __________________________________________
__________________________________________________
at that time.(It hit sb.＋从句某人突然想起……)5．进一步阅读使我了解到，是苦干、决心和善良的天性使她走进了医学院的大门。
Further reading ________________ that _________________ got her into medical school.(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语；it was＋强调部分＋that...从句)
6．数不胜数的故事讲述林巧稚如何在劳累一天之后，又在深夜去为贫苦家庭的产妇接生，而这些家庭常常是不可能给她报酬的。
There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, ______________________________, went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.(形容词短语作状语)
答案：1.I did not know the answer until 2.It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career 3.explaining how to cut the death rate 4.it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training 5.made me realize; it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that 6．tired after a day's workⅣ.阅读理解
Step 1.Fast Reading
Scan the passage and then choose the best answers according to the passage.
1．The text tells us that ________.
A．how the writer chose her major at college
B．what Lin Qiaozhi did helps a lot of people who needed medical service
C．Lin Qiaozhi has a lot of good quality to be famous
D．why Lin Qiaozhi decided to study medicine
2．The small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies was intended for ________.
A．the women who would give birth to a baby
B．the persons who wanted to keep healthy
C．the women who lived in the countryside
D．the women who couldn't reach the countryside3．________ made Lin Qiaozhi famous.
A．Hard work and determination
B．Good nature
C．Her delivering a baby
D．Her kindness and consideration to all her patients
4．After reading the information about Lin Qiaozhi, the writer decided to study ________ at college.
A．English B．biology
C．chemistry D．medicine5．From the text we can know that ________.
A．Lin Qiaozhi never got married
B．in the early 20th century, women had the same right as men in education
C．if a poor family couldn't pay Lin Qiaozhi, she wouldn't deliver a baby for the family
D．Lin Qiaozhi was cleverer than her classmates and as a result, she became a specialist
答案：1～5 BCDDAStep 2.Careful reading
Fill in the blanks according to the passage.
Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in women's diseases, 1.________ her whole life to her patients and chose not to have her own family. She 2.________ about 50, 000 babies safely all her life. She also wrote books and articles, one of which was 3.________ for women in the countryside, where perhaps if they had an 4.________ they couldn't reach a doctor. Her books explained how to cut the death 5.________ from having and caring for babies. It was her kindness and 6.________ to all her patients that caused her success.
At that time, it was hard for a woman to get a medical training. That was a 7.________ when girls' education was always placed second to boys'. Later her work was recognized and inspired more and more women to 8.________ on her work.
答案：1.devoted 2.delivered 3.intended 4.emergency 5.rate 6.consideration 7.generation 8.carry1.intend v. 想要，打算，有……意图
①She intended to catch/catching the early train but she didn't get up in time.
她本打算赶早班的火车，可是早上起晚了。
②They intend their son to study medicine in university.
他们想让儿子上大学学习医学。
③They intend that the project should be finished within half a year.
他们计划半年内完成这个项目。
④I had intended to help you with your lessons but it rained yesterday evening.
我本来想帮你复习功课，但昨晚却下雨了。
知识拓展
(1)intend to do/doing sth.打算做某事
intend sb. to do sth.打算让某人做某事
be intended for专门为……而设计的；专供……使用的
(3)intention n．用意；目的；意图
without intention无意中；不是故意地活学活用
一句多译。
①越来越多的人打算在这儿投资。
完成句子。
②Green Maps ________ specifically ________ ________ travelers. Green Maps并不是专门为旅游者设计的。
③It was meant to be a surprise; I didn't ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ so soon.
这本来是一件意外的惊喜，我不想让你那么早就看见的。
答案：①to invest here; investing here ②isn't; intended for ③intend you to see it2．deliver (v.)
(1)递送；传送；交付；运载
Every day the milkman delivers milk to our house.
每天送牛奶的人都把牛奶送到我家。
(2)发表；宣布；发布
He delivered a speech at the meeting.
他在会上讲了话。
(3)deliver a baby 助产；接生
The doctor delivered her of twins.
这个医生为她接生了一对双胞胎。
知识拓展
deliver... to...把……交给/传递给……
deliver a speech发表演说
deliver a baby助产；接生
be delivered of a baby分娩；生孩子巧学助记
图解deliver多层含义活学活用
完成句子。
①All the good traditions must ________ ________ ________ the younger generations.
所有的好传统都应该传给后代。
②The doctor agreed to ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
医生同意在家为她接生。
③He ________ ________ ________ to the whole nation when he won the election.
大选获胜后，他向全国人民发表了演讲。
答案：①be delivered to ②deliver her baby at home
③delivered a speech3.look down upon/on蔑视；瞧不起
Many people look down upon poor people.
很多人瞧不起穷人。知识拓展
look round/around朝四周看
look after照顾；照看
look forward向前看
look forward to盼望；期盼
look into往……里面看；调查
look out(for)向外看；当心，小心
look through浏览；翻阅；快速查看；看穿
look up抬头看；查阅
look up to尊敬；钦佩
①I am looking forward to the dinner party.
我期待着宴会的举行。
②He looks through several newspaper before breakfast.
他早饭前通常浏览几份报纸。巧学助记
图解look短语
名师点拨
look的大部分短语都含有引申义；要结合它原来的意义理解并记忆它们的这些特殊意义。活学活用
写出下列句中加黑短语的汉语意义。
①They looked forward to see what was happening.( )
②They looked forward to seeing the result.( )
③They look down upon those whom they often consider to be lazy and dishonest.( )
④Standing on the top of the building, he looked down and watched the cars running on the street.( )
答案：①向前看 ②盼望 ③看不起 ④向下看
语法填空。
⑤I often look ________ the words I don't know in the dictionary or on the Internet.
答案：up 句意：我经常在词典里或网络上查阅我不知道的单词。look up查阅。4．refer to
(1)提到，谈及，说起
①I promised not to refer to the matter again.
我答应过再也不提这件事了。
②She always referred to Ben as“that nice man”．
她总是称本为“那个大好人”。
(2)查阅；参考；征询
refer to the notes/a dictionary/an expert 查阅笔记/词典/征询专家的意见
(3)有关，针对
The new law doesn't refer to land used for farming.
那条新法律并不涉及农业用地。
(4)refer sb./sth. to sb. 把某人/某事提交给某人/某机构作决定/处理
The case was referred to the Court of Appeal.
这个案子被送交到上诉法院。知识拓展
(1)refer to... as...把……称作……
refer... to...将……送交给……(以求获得帮助等)
(2)reference n．言及；提及；参考；查阅
①The children used to refer to that old teacher as Grandpa.
孩子们通常称这位老教师为爷爷。
②He referred the case to the High Court.
他把案子提交给高级法院处理。
名师点拨
在表示“查阅”之意时，refer to后多接参考资料(字典，书籍等)；look up多接查询的内容。
活学活用
选词填空(look up/refer to)。
①Please ________ the word in the dictionary.
②When giving the lecture, he ________ his note from time to time.
完成句子。
③No one ________ ________ ________ ________.
谁也没有提昨天吵架的事。
④The scientist ________ ________ the discovery ________ the most exciting new development in this field.
这位科学家提到这一发现时，说这是这个领域中最令人兴奋的新发展。
答案：①look up ②referred to ③referred to yesterday's quarrel ④referred to; as语法填空。
⑤It was foolish of him to refer________ his notes during that important test, and as a result, he got punished.
答案：to refer to“参考，查阅”。句意为“在那次重要的测试中查阅笔记，他真是太愚蠢了，因此，他受到了惩罚”。
⑥The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ________(refer) his notes.
答案：referring to refer to“参考，查阅”。句意为“主席在大会上发言近一个小时，没有参考演讲稿”。
5．come across(偶然)遇见；碰见
I came across him in the street yesterday.
昨天我在街上无意中碰到了他。知识拓展
come across被理解；被弄懂
come about发生
come on加油；到来
come out长出来；出版；结果是
come to达到；谈到
When it comes to... 当谈及……时
come up(太阳)升起；发生；被提及
come up with sth.找到/提出某事(物)
①Your speech came across very well.
你的讲话很成功。
②Can you explain how it came about that you were an hour late?
你怎么会迟到一个钟头，对此你能做出什么解释呢？活学活用
根据句意填入恰当的come短语。
①He spoke for a long time but his meaning did not ________ ________.
他讲了很久，但没把意思讲明白。
②How did it ________ ________？
它是怎么发生的呢？
③________ ________ ________ ________ the Internet, he is always excited.
当谈及因特网时，他总是很兴奋。
答案：①come across ②come about ③When it comes to
语法填空。
④She came________ an old friend of hers yesterday, while she was shopping at the department store.
答案：across 考查动词短语辨析。句意：昨天在商店购物时，她遇到了一位老朋友。come across(偶然)遇到。
6．by chance 碰巧；凑巧
①I met him by chance yesterday.
昨天我碰巧遇见了他。
②They found a policeman by chance.
他们凑巧发现了一位警察。
知识拓展
by accident 偶然；凑巧
by any chance 万一；也许
by design(＝on purpose) 有意地，有目的地
①I met Jacob by accident in the cinema.
我在电影院偶然遇到了雅各布。
②Take the raincoat by any chance of rain.
带上雨衣，也许会下雨。
③He made that remark by design.
他故意那样说。活学活用
语法填空。
①I bumped into her quite ________chance in Heping Street. How nice!
答案：by by chance“碰巧；凑巧”。句意为“很凑巧在和平大街上碰上她，真是太好了。”
②(2013·湖北，30改编)An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered ________chance a long lost antique Greek vase.
答案：by 句意：一位最近在通往南岛的渡口旅游的艺术家意外地发现了一个丢失久远的古希腊花瓶。by chance碰巧地。7．carry on继续；坚持
①Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work?
为什么不像林巧稚那样去读医学院，继续她的事业呢？
②We must try to carry on as if nothing had happened.
我们必须继续下去，只当作什么都没有发生过。
③Though reminded again and again, he carried on making the same mistake.
尽管被反复提醒，他继续犯同一个错误。知识拓展
carry on(with)把……继续进行下去
carry on doing sth.继续做某事；不停地做某事
carry out执行；实施
carry through帮助……渡过难关；顺利完成
carry off赢得；获得
Their faith and courage carried them through.
他们的信心和勇气使他们渡过了难关。活学活用
用恰当的介词、副词填空。
①We carried ________ our daily work not suspecting what was about to happen.
②We all must help to carry the plan ________.
③We expect him to carry ________ his promises.
④That tall man carried ________ the prize.
答案：①on ②through ③out ④off8．second to仅次于；赶不上
①His composition was second to none in his class.
他的作文全班最好。
②When the economy of a country is second to that of others, it is likely that the country will be given a lot of unfair conditions if it does trade with other rich ones.
当一个国家的经济落后于其他国家时，在它与其他国家进行贸易往来时就有可能被附加上一些不平等的条件。
③Try some of this tobacco, and you will say it is second to none.
试一试这种烟草，你会明白这才是最好的。
④There was a generation when girls' education was always placed second to boys'.
曾有这么一个时期，女孩们的教育总是被放在男孩教育之后。
知识拓展
second to次于
second only to仅次于
second to none不亚于任何人或事物，非常好活学活用
翻译句子。
①他仅次于他的弟弟。
__________________________________________________
②在所有的毕业生中，他的成就仅次于李明。
__________________________________________________
③他证明了他不亚于任何人。
__________________________________________________
答案：①He is second only to his younger brother.
②Of all the graduates, his achievements are second only to Li Ming's.
③He proved that he was second to none.9.Suddenly it_hit_me_how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.
突然我想起，在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么的困难啊。
句式分析
(1)这是一个复合句。it在句中作形式主语；真正的主语是how引导的感叹句。
(2)It hit sb.＋从句，意为：某人突然想到……
知识拓展
①It struck me that I had to finish the work at once.
我突然想到我必须马上完成这份工作。
②It occurred to them that they had to start out for Shanghai.
他们突然想起他们必须动身去上海。
活学活用
仿写句子。
①他的父母亲突然想到他们的儿子非常有必要听一听这个演讲。
__________________________________________________
it was for their son to listen to this lecture.
②他们突然想到对于这个学生来说在这么短的时间内解决这个问题是多么的困难。
__________________________________________________
it was for the student to solve the problem in such a short time.
答案：①It hit his parents how necessary ②It hit them how difficult
10．There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a day's work, went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.
数不胜数的故事讲述林巧稚如何在劳累一天之后，又在深夜去为贫苦家庭的产妇接生，而这些家庭常常是不可能给她报酬的。
句式分析
该句为复合句，主句为There was story after story of，how引导宾语从句作of的宾语，tired after a day's work为形容词短语作方式状语，to deliver a baby for a poor family为动词不定式作目的状语，who引导定语从句修饰family。
①They told us a story of how they got rid of their bad habits.
他们告诉了我们一个关于如何去掉他们的坏习惯的故事。
②He gave an excuse to the man who was waiting for help.
他给那个正等着帮助的人一个借口。 活学活用
仿写句子。
①有一则故事讲述了公司老板经过一天的劳累之后，又要继续处理那些急需处理的事情。
There was a story ________________________________， went on with the matters ________________________________.
②有一则故事讲述了一位旅客如何在经过在沙漠的漫长的旅行劳累之后，又继续进行影响他一生的旅行。
There was a story ________________________________，________________________________， continued his journey ________________________________.
答案：①of how the boss of the company, tired after a day's work; which needed to be dealt with urgently ②of how a traveler，tired after a long journey on the desert; which would affect his whole life 11．It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies.
这是一本小书，介绍了从妇女怀孕到护理婴儿的过程中如何降低死亡率。
句式分析
It was a small book是主干句，explaining至句末是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰book；其中from having and caring for babies作时间状语。
现在分词作定语时与被修饰的词之间是主谓关系，相当于定语从句。 ①The students arguing there are from No. 1 Middle School.
＝The students who are arguing there are from No. 1 Middle School.
正在那儿争论的学生是一中的。
②Who is the man standing by the door?
＝Who is the man that is standing by the door?
站在门口的那个人是谁？
③Australia is the only country covering an entire continent.
＝Australia is the only country that covers an entire continent.
澳大利亚是唯一一个覆盖整个大陆的国家。
活学活用
语法填空
①There is a great deal of evidence ________(indicate) that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
答案：indicating 考查非谓语动词作定语。indicating that...＝which indicates that...。
②The government plans to bring in new laws ________(force) parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.
答案：forcing 考查了现在分词作定语。law与force是主动关系，并且不强调动作的完成。故应用v.-ing形式。
③He is a student at Oxford University，________(study) for a degree in computer science.
答案：studying 句意：他是牛津大学的学生，现在正为取得信息科学的学位而学习。主语he与study存在主谓关系，而且是表示现在而不表示将来，所以应用-ing形式；studying for...相当于who is studying for...。 Ⅰ.语法单项填空
1．He ________(intend) pull out of the complex situation but ended up ________(get) deeply involved in it.
答案：had intended to; getting 句意：他本想脱离开那复杂的形势，但最后还是深深陷了进去。had intended to do sth.本想干某事；end up doing sth.以做某事作为结束。
2．The headmaster ________(delivery) a speech to the visiting foreign guests this afternoon.
答案：will deliver 句意：今天下午校长要向到访的外宾发表演讲。3．While walking in the garden, he found a strange plant ________chance, which surprised him much.
答案：by 考查介词短语。句意：在花园散步时，他偶然发现了一种陌生的植物，这让他很吃惊。by chance“碰巧；凑巧”，符合句意。
4．It seems ________he prefers fishing to swimming.
答案：that 句意：比起游泳，他似乎更喜欢钓鱼。It seems that...“看来好像；似乎”，为常用句型。 5．The other day I came________ a book that you might like.
答案：across 句意：前几天，我偶然发现一本书你可能喜欢。come across偶然发现。
6．It was very considerate ________ you to send me a postcard when you were on holiday in Hong Kong.
答案：of 在香港度假时，你给我发来了贺卡，真是考虑得太周到了。7．After a rest, all the members present at the meeting went back to the meeting room to carry ________ their discussion.
答案：on 句意：休息之后，所有与会人员回到会议室继续进行他们的讨论。carry on“继续”。
8．—Don't look________ Bob. He has his own advantages.
—Oh, yes. Where others are weak, he is strong.
答案：down upon 句意：——不要看不起鲍勃，他有自己的长处。——是的，别人做不到的地方，他却很擅长。look down upon“轻视；小看”。Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Would you like ________________ your elder brother？(deliver)
请你帮我给你哥哥传个口信好吗？
2．This dictionary ________________.(intend)
这本词典是专为小孩设计的。
3．When I boarded the bus, I ________________.(come)
当我登上公共汽车时，碰见了我的一个朋友。4．When I meet new words I don't know, I often ________________.(refer)
当我遇到不会的生词时，我经常查字典。
5．When marking his composition, the teacher ____________
______________________________________.(consideration)
当批改他的作文时，老师把他的书写也考虑在内。
6．They managed ________________ in spite of the bad weather.(carry)
尽管天气很糟糕，他们设法继续进行他们的旅行。
7．________________ we should set off for the airport at once.(hit)
我突然想到我们应该马上去机场。
8．As we all know, no one likes ________________.(look)
众所周知，没有人喜欢被人看不起。
9．It ________________ to bring me my raincoat.(considerate)
你为我带来雨衣，想得真是周到。10．When the boy was in danger, a stranger ________________________________.(save)
当男孩处境危险时，一个陌生人碰巧救了他。
答案：1.to deliver my message to 2.is intended for children
3．came across a friend of mine 4.refer to a dictionary 5.took his handwriting into consideration 6.to carry on their journey 7.It suddenly hit me that 8.being looked down upon 9.was considerate of you 10.saved him by chanceUnit 1 Section Ⅳ
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Queen Victoria was monarch of Great Britain from 1837 until her death in 1901. This period is often called the Victorian Age.
Queen Victoria was a stern and serious woman. One reason she was so serious was that she had suffered a great loss. When she was twenty years old, she married a German prince named Albert. Victoria and Albert were deeply in love, and their marriage was extremely happy. In 1861, after they had been married for twenty-one years, Albert died, leaving Queen Victoria heart broken. For the rest of her life, the lonely Victoria mourned his loss. It was customary in those days for a widow to dress in black for a short time after the death of her husband. But Queen Victoria dressed in black for forty years. And for forty years, as another sign of her grief, she wrote her letters on white paper edged in black.
Even before Prince Albert died, Queen Victoria was known as a very serious woman. She had a strong sense of duty and worked very hard at all her tasks. In her diary she wrote, “I love to be employed; I hate to be idle.” She never forgot that she was Britain's queen and always acted with great dignity(尊严). Victoria had high ideals and moral standards (道德标准) that sometimes made her seem stuffy(古板的)．
She was also very sure of herself. She always thought that she was right, and expected everyone to agree with her.
文章大意：你听说过维多利亚女王吗？阅读本篇，了解一下她的人生经历吧！
1．Which of the following statements about Queen Victoria is NOT true according to the passage?
A．She had great confidence in herself.
B．She ruled Great Britain for sixty-four years.
C．She enjoyed her marriage to a German prince.
D．She became a serious woman after her beloved husband died.
答案：D 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Even before Prince Albert died, Queen Victoria was known as a very serious woman.”可知，在她丈夫死前，她就是一个很严肃的人。
2．Queen Victoria wrote her letters on white paper edged in black because ________.
A．she was a stern woman
B．black was her favourite colour
C．that was one way to show her feeling of sadness
D．it was a custom among monarchs of Great Britain
答案：C 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“And for forty years, as another sign of her grief, she wrote her letters on white paper edged in black.”可知，她用镶有黑边的纸写信表达她对丈夫的哀悼和怀念。
3．All of the following characteristics EXCEPT ________ can be used to properly describe Queen Victoria.
A．confident B．lonesome
C．workaholic D．indecisive(优柔寡断的)
答案：D 推理判断题。第二段第六句“For the rest of her life，the lonely Victoria mourned his loss.”说明她孤独；第三段第二句“She had a strong sense of duty and worked very hard at all her tasks.”说明她工作很努力；第四段第一句“She was also very sure of herself.”说明她很自信。只有D项没有涉及。
4．The underlined word “mourned” in the second paragraph means ________.
A．felt sad or sorrowful in a social situation
B．expressed publicly one's sadness because someone had died
C．checked regularly in order to find out what was happening
D．included in a group of numbers, ages, measurements with particular limits.
答案：B 词义猜测题。从下文来看，丈夫死后，女王一直穿黑衣服，用镶有黑边的白纸写信，以此来表达她对丈夫的哀悼和怀念，由此可推断该词为“悼念；哀悼”。
B
Dr Dian Fossey, one of the world's leading women scientists, had a remarkable career. The work she devoted her life to protecting and studying the mountain gorillas(大猩猩)of Africa—has proved highly effective and has resulted in the steady (平稳的) increase of this most endangered great apes.
Fossey made her first trip to Africa in 1963. Three years later，she returned to Africa to begin a long-term study of the mountain gorillas. She set up camp in the Democratic Republic of Congo but moved to Rwanda because of political reasons in 1967. She established her “Karisoke” Research Centre camp on September 24,1967.
Fossey's aims were to study gorilla ecology(生态学) and social organization. She found that in order to achieve this, she needed to recognize individual gorillas, which required that the gorillas get used to her presence(出现). By copying gorillas' behaviour and sounds, Fossey began to gain their trust, and in 1970 an adult male gorilla she had named “Peanuts” reached out to touch her hand.
Close observations over thousands of hours enabled Fossey to gain the gorillas' trust and bring forth new knowledge about their behaviour. Stories and photographs of her work were published in National Geographic Magazine and elsewhere.
In 1977，one of Fossey's favorite gorillas, Digit, was killed by poachers and she established the Digit Fund to help raise money for gorilla protection efforts in the same year.
On December 26, 1985，Fossey was murdered while going back to her house in Karisoke. Her body was discovered near the research centre. Most probably，Dian Fossey had been killed by the poachers she'd fought against. On her tombstone(墓碑): “No one loved gorillas more...”
In 1988，the life and the work of Fossey were made into a movie based on her book.
文章大意：本文介绍了Fossey一生致力于大猩猩的研究和保护工作，建立了研究基地，获得大猩猩的信任，并使濒危动物——巨猿的数量得以增长。
5．Why does the author say Dr Dian Fossey “had a remarkable career”？
A．Because she travelled all over the world.
B．Because she liked to play with gorillas.
C．Because she studied gorilla ecology.
D．Because she made great apes increase steadily.
答案：D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，她的工作使濒危动物——巨猿的数量得以平稳增长，这是她的非凡成就。
6．Which of the following shows the right time order of the events in Fossey's life?
a. She established the Digit Fund.
b. Her story was shown in a movie.
c. She was killed probably by the poachers.
d. She established her “Karisoke” centre.
A．a，d，c，b B．a，c，d，b
C．d，c，b，a D．d，a，c，b
答案：D 排列组合题。Fossey建立the Digit Fund是在1977年；她的故事被拍成电影是在1988年；她被杀害是在1985年；她建立Karisoke研究中心是在1967年。由此可知D项的排序是正确的。
7．The underlined word “poachers” in Paragraph 5 probably refers to people who ________.
A．sell drugs against the law
B．hunt animals against the law
C．hate successful people
D．like to do harm to people
答案：B 词义猜测题。根据第五、六段中Fossey建立保护大猩猩的基金及她与poachers进行斗争推测，她应该是被偷猎者暗杀的。poacher指“偷猎者”。
8．From the words on Fossey's tombstone, we can infer that ________.
A．Fossey was the person who loved gorillas most
B．after Fossey died, no one loved gorillas
C．Fossey was the first one to study gorillas
D．everybody loved gorillas as Fossey did
答案：A 推理判断题。写在Fossey墓碑上的这句话的意思是“没有人比Fossey更爱大猩猩了”，也就是说Fossey是最爱大猩猩的人，故选A项。
9．According to the passage, Fossey's life can be described as ________.
A．sad and unlucky
B．lonely and boring
C．simple and happy
D．challenging and successful
答案：D 推理判断题。Fossey一生致力于大猩猩的研究和保护工作，从研究基地的建立到获得大猩猩的信任，以及与偷猎者的斗争，她都遇到了重重困难，但她也获得了许多成功，因此用“富有挑战性又很成功”来描述她的一生是最贴切的。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2014·河北正定中学高一期末)Born in 1963 in Sierra Visa, Arizona, USA, Jessica learned to live her life with her feet. Born without arms, she faced many __1__ .
There were many questions at the time about whether Jessica would be able to live a “ __2__ ” life. However, Jessica's father said he __3__ had a tear about her birth condition. He had full confidence in her potential.
With the __4__ of her parents and family, Jessica became confident in herself as an adult and continued to __5__ the world with her feet.
As a child, Jessica studied dance in her hometown. When her first __6__ arrived, she asked to be put in the back row. Her dance teacher told her there was no __7__ row.
Tentatively she took the stage with the other students and performed her __8__ . When she finished, the applause from the audience gave her encouragement and __9__ to continue dancing for 14 years. __10__ , Jessica earned her first Black Belt in the International Taekwondo Federation at the age of 14.
After __11__ from high school, Jessica attended the University of Arizona __12__ she earned a bachelor's degree in psychology. When talking about her degree, she frequently __13__ that psychology(心理) trusts the way people think has a greater __14__ on their lives than a physical limitation.
Jessica's most famous accomplishment was learning how to __15__ . It took three states, four airplanes, two flight instructors and a discouraging year to __16__ the right aircraft: a 1946 415C Ercoupe Airplane. She __17__ the Guinness World Record __18__ being the first person certified to fly an airplane with only her feet.
Jessica now __19__ a motivational speaker. She travels the world sharing her story and __20__ people to be creative and innovative.
文章大意：文章介绍Jessica天生残疾，但是在家人的鼓励下，她努力用双脚探索世界，学会舞蹈，甚至学会开飞机，获得吉尼斯世界纪录，她的事迹激励着很多人。
1．A. challenges B. trouble
C. advantages D. influences
答案：A 考查名词辨析。A. challenges挑战；B. trouble 困难；C. advantages 优点；D. influences影响。根据上文“Born in 1963 in Sierra Visa, Arizona, USA, Jessica learned to live her life with her feet.”可知Jessica天生就没有膀子，她要面对很多挑战。选A。
2．A. simple B．special
C. normal D. unusual
答案：C 考查形容词辨析。A.simple简单的；B. special特殊的；C. normal正常的；D. unusual不寻常的。上文可知Jessiaca是残疾人，所以当时有很多问题关于是否Jessica能过上正常的生活。选C。
3．A. frequently B. never
C. ever D. certainly
答案：B 考查副词辨析。A. frequently 频繁地，B. never从不，C. ever曾经，D. certainly当然，Jessica的爸爸说他对女儿的出生的状况没有过一滴眼泪，他相信她的潜力。选B。
4．A. argument B．understanding
C. opposition D. support
答案：D 考查名词辨析。A. argument 争论；B. understanding理解；C. position强烈的)反对，敌对；D. support支持。根据上文：He had full confidence in her potential.可知在父母和家庭的支持下，Jessica象成年人一样对自己很自信。选D。
5．A. decorate B. explore
C. explode D. establish
答案：B 考查动词辨析。 A. decorate装饰；B. explore探索；C. explode 爆炸；D. establish建立。根据上文：Jessica became confident in herself as an adult可知Jessica象成年人一样继续用双脚探索世界，选B。
6．A. performance B. image
C. exhibition D. appearance
答案：B 考查名词辨析。A. performance表现，表演；B. image 形象；C. exhibition展览；D. appearance外表。根据下文：Tentatively she took the stage with the other students当她的第一次表演的时候，她被安排在后排。选A。
7．A. back B. front
C. edge D. middle
答案：A 考查名词辨析。A. back 后面；B. front前面；C. edge 边缘；D. middle中间。根据上文：she asked to be put in the back row.她的舞蹈老师告诉她舞蹈没有后排，选A。
8．A. line B. emotion
C. routine D. behaviour
答案：C 考查名词辨析。A. line 线；B. emotion情感；C. routine日常工作，固定节目；D. bebaviour行为。她迟疑的表演了固定的节目，选C。
9．A. sympathy B. sorrow
C. doubt D. confidence
答案：D 考查名词辨析。A. sympathy同情；B. sorrow难过；C. doubt 怀疑；D. confidence自信。观众的掌声给了她鼓励和继续跳舞14年的自信，选D。
10．A. Unfortunately B. Delightedly
C. Disappointedly D. Hopefully
答案：B 考查副词辨析。A. Unfortunately不幸地；B. Delightedly 高兴地；C. Disappointedly失望地；D. Hopefully有希望地。在14岁的时候，Jessica高兴地在国际跆拳道联合会获得了她第一个黑带。选B。
11．A. admitting B. entering
C. graduating D. settling
答案：C 考查动词辨析。A. admitting承认；B. entering进入；C. graduating毕业；D. settling定居。在高中毕业后，Jessica上了亚利桑那州大学。选C。
12．A. which B. when
C. what D. where
答案：D 考查定语从句。在那里她获得了心理学学士学位。先行词是the University of Arizona，定语从句中缺少地点状语，用D. where引导定语从句，选D。
13．A. dreamed B. ignored
C. explained D. refused
答案：C 考查动词辨析。A. dreamed梦想；B. ignored忽视；C. explained解释；D. refused拒绝。当谈论她的学位的时候，她经常解释心理学相信人们思考的方式对他们的生活的影响比身体的局限要大。选C。
14．A. symbol B. frustration
C. evidence D. impact
答案：D 考查名词辨析。A. symbol象征；B. frustration挫折，失败，挫败，失意；C. evidence 证据； D. impact影响。当谈论她的学位的时候，她经常解释心理学相信人们思考的方式对他们的生活的影响比身体的局限要大。have a greater impact on...，对……有很大的影响，选D。
15．A. board B. fly
C. seat D. launch
答案：B 考查动词辨析。A. board登机；B. fly飞行；C. seat使……就坐；D. launch 发行。从下文的：It took three states, four airplanes, two flight instructors and a discouraging year to 31 the right aircraft：可知她的最著名的成就是学会了飞行，选B。
16．A. find B. lose
C. cancel D. look
答案：A 考查动词辨析。A. find发现；B. lose失去；C. cancel取消；D. look看。花了三个州，四驾飞机，两个飞行指导和令人泄气的一年才找到适合的飞机。选A。
17．A. experienced B. scheduled
C. received D. praised
答案：C 考查动词辨析。A. experienced体验；B. scheduled安排；C. received接受； D. praised表扬。她因为是第一个只用脚开飞机的人而收到吉尼斯世界纪录。选C。
18．A. for B. against
C. beyond D. within
答案：A 考查介词辨析。A. for为了，因为；B. against反对；C. beyond超过；D. within在……里面。这里表示她获得吉尼斯世界纪录的原因，选A。
19．A. describes as B．regards as
C. treats as D. works as
答案：D 考查动词短语辨析。A. describes as描述为；B. regards as认为是；C. treats as 当……对待；D. works as担当。Jessica现在是做励志演讲者，选D。
20．A. amazing B．encouraging
C. enjoying D. astonishing
答案：B 考查动词辨析。A. amazing 使……惊讶；B. encouraging 鼓励；C. enjoying 享受；D. astonishing 使……惊讶。她周游世界分享她的故事，鼓励人们要有创造力和创新。选B。
课件33张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 必修4(十二省区) Women of achievementUnit 1Section Ⅳ Unit RevisionUnit 1答案：重点单词：1.achievement; achieve 2.connection; connect 3.organization; organize 4.behave; behavio(u)r 5.worthwhile; worth 6.observe; observation; observer 7.outspoken; outspeak 8.respect; respectable; respectful 9.argue; argument 10.inspire; inspiration 11.considerate; consideration 12.modest; modesty 13.welfare 14.project 15.institute 16.nest 17.audience 18.sickness 19.emergency 20.generation 21.determination
重点短语：1.move 2.lead/live 3.crowd 4.upon/on 5.refer 6.chance 7.across 8.carry
重点句型：1.where 2.sits; waits; begins人物描写
互动导学
◎学生：写好人物描写记叙文应注意什么呢？
◎老师：首先要对人物进行简要介绍，如人物的生卒时间、职业等。
◎学生：还要注意什么？
◎老师：其次要对其一生中比较重要的事迹尽可能进行详细描写。
◎学生：最后呢？
◎老师：最后，对人物要进行客观的评价，要包括人物的人格、贡献等。典题示例
请根据以下信息写一篇100个词左右的短文，介绍简·古道尔博士。
参考词汇：
1．《泰山和杜拉德博士》Tarzan and Dr Doolittle
2．“根与芽”“Root and Shoot”审题谋篇
答案：记叙文：介绍简·古道尔博士的生平及其成就；一般现在时及一般过去时；第三人称词句推敲
1．词汇：
①谦虚的 ________________
②坦诚的 ________________
③考虑周到的 ________________
④看不起 ________________
⑤行为 ________________
⑥发表演讲 ________________
答案：①modest ②outspoken ③considerate ④look down on ⑤behaviour ⑥deliver speeches2．句式：
①Dr Jane Goodall is a famous specialist in studying wild animals，especially in chimps.(用a famous specialist作同位语改写句子)
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
②In her childhood, she came across a book which is called Tarzan and Dr Doolittle by chance.(用非谓语改写句子)
In her childhood, ____________________________________
__________________________________________________.③Jane was greatly inspired by it and intended to study animals one day.
(用含有inspired的过去分词短语改写句子)
______________________________________________________________________，Jane intended to study animals one day.
④20世纪60年代，简动身去非洲研究黑猩猩，在那里她用了25年多的时间观察和记录黑猩猩的日常活动，完全弄懂了它们的行为。(用where引导的定语从句完成句子)
In the 1960s, Jane moved off to Africa to study chimps，
________________________________________________
_________________________________________________.⑤成立了几个组织并发起了一项保护动物的运动让她世界闻名。(用动词-ing形式作主语)
_______________________________________________________________________have made her famous all over the world.
⑥Such is Jane Goodall, who is awarded many prizes for her great achievements.
(用award的过去分词短语作定语改写句子)
Such is Jane Goodall，_______________________________
_________________________________________________.
答案：①Dr Jane Goodall, a famous specialist, studies wild animals, especially in chimps. ②she came across a book called Tarzan and Dr Doolittle by chance ③Greatly inspired by it ④where she spent over 25 years observing and recording their daily activities and fully understood chimps' behaviour ⑤Setting up several organizations and launching a campaign to protect animals ⑥awarded many prizes for her great achievements妙笔成篇
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Dr Jane Goodall is a famous specialist in studying wild animals, especially in chimps. She is a modest, outspoken and considerate woman.
In her childhood, she came across a book called Tarzan and Dr Doolittle by chance. Greatly inspired by it, Jane intended to study animals one day. At that time, women were often looked down on and only her mother supported her decision. In the 1960s, Jane moved off to Africa to study chimps, where she spent over 25 years observing and recording their daily activities and fully understood chimps' behaviour.
Setting up several organizations and launching a campaign to protect animals have made her famous all over the world. In recent years，Jane has delivered speeches all over the world to call on younger generations to take part in her project “Root and Shoot”．
Such is Jane Goodall, awarded many prizes for her great achievements.
请根据下列提示要点，用英语写一篇关于J.K.Rowling的短文。(词数：120个左右)
1．J.K.Rowling是《哈利·波特》(Harry Potter)的作者，她于1965年7月出生于英格兰，她从小爱学习并梦想当一名作家。
2．中学毕业后她的父母鼓励她去读法语，一年后她在巴黎的大学毕业并在伦敦工作。
3．就是在1990年她有了关于写Harry Potter的想法。
4．她的第一部“Harry Potter”的书出版于1997年，从那以后，她成为世界上最受儿童欢迎的作家。
5．J.K. Rowling作为一位伟大的女性将永远为人们所尊敬和铭记。 参考范文
J. K. Rowling, the writer of Harry Potter, was born in England, July 1965. From her childhood, J. K. Rowling had loved to study and dreamt of being a writer. After finishing high school, her parents encouraged her to study French. After she had spent a year in Paris, J. K. Rowling graduated from university and worked in London. It was in 1990 that J．K. Rowling first had the idea about Harry Potter. Her first Harry Potter book was published in 1997 and since then, J. K. Rowling has become the most popular writer among children in the world.
J. K. Rowling, a great woman writer, will always be respected and remembered.
