Unit 2 Section Ⅰ
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He is s________from a day on the beach.
2．The measures will enable us to double our o________of bicycles.
3．He is thinking of e________his business.
4．It is________(令人不安的)to hear of your illness.
5．I'm not at all s________with the result.
6．These birds are rare and t________protected by law.
7．She's old enough to have the________(自由)to do as she likes.
8．We____________(出口)goods to over 40 different countries.
9．She lives in France but has British n________.
10．Prices have risen greatly during the past____________(十年)．
答案：1.sunburnt 2.output 3.expanding 4.disturbing 5.satisfied 6.therefore 7.freedom 8.export 9.nationality 10．decade
Ⅱ.语法单项填空
1．To celebrate the Lunar New Year, some Chinese people would rather return to their hometowns to visit their families ________ travel abroad.
答案：than would rather do sth. than do sth.“宁愿做某事而不做……”。句意为“为庆祝农历新年，一些中国人宁愿返回他们的家乡去拜访他们的家人而不愿出国旅游”。
2．The work is being performed smoothly; ________， we can expect to finish it on time.
答案：therefore therefore“因此，所以”。句意为“这项工作进展顺利；因此，我们预计能准时完成它”。
3．The explorers were told to equip themselves ________ everything they would need for the voyage.
答案：with equip sb. with sth.“用……装备某人”。句意为“探险者被告知要配备好行程需要的一切装备”。
4．Americans eat twice________ many vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.
答案：as 在倍数的表达方式中都是倍数在前，后加其他形式。句意为“今天美国人每人吃的蔬菜是他们在1910年吃的蔬菜的两倍”。两倍的表达方式是twice as...as...。
5．—You look so angry. What's wrong?
—Look at my hair, I'm just not ________(satisfy) with the way he cut my hair.
答案：satisfied satisfied“满意的”，be satisfied with“对……满意”。句意：——你看起来很生气，怎么了？——看看我的头发。我对他给我理发的手法不满意。
6．Once it is formed, a bad habit is not easy to get rid________.
答案：of get rid of“摆脱，除去”。句意为“坏习惯一旦养成，就很难去掉”。
7．A new school is said to be built on ________ is considered to be the best place for farming.
答案：what 考查名词性从句。“... ________ is considered to be the best place for farming.”作介词on的宾语，为宾语从句，横线处为连词；而在宾语从句中又缺少主语，既作连词又充当主语成分的只有what符合条件。句意为“据说一所新学校要建在被认为是种田的最好的地方上”。
8．________(disturb) news came ________ an unknown disease was spreading in the area.
答案：Disturbing; that disturbing“令人心烦的”；disturbed“不安的，心烦的”。“________ an unknown disease was spreading in the area”为同位语从句，用that来引导。句意为“令人心烦的消息传来，一种不明的疾病在这一地区传播开来”。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
People can't survive without food. Long ago, early people couldn't grow crops, so they had to live by hunting animals and gathering grains. After a tribe(部落) had lived in an area for some time, its food supply would begin to reduce. Then the tribe had to move to new hunting grounds where there was more food.
This way of life caused special problems for the tribes. They were forced to depend on luck, as well as on their hunting skills. If they could find no game,_the whole tribe would be in danger of starving. And when the hunters had good luck one day, they were not sure to find game the next time. The tribes moved often because much land was needed to support their people.
As time passed by, people learned that they could grow their food. At first, the women of tribes collected patches of wild grain. Later, people discovered that they could plant their own seeds. Farming slowly became a way of life.
As people turned away from hunting to farming, their life changed. When the food supply became richer and richer, they no longer moved from place to place. The success of their crops depended partly on the weather, but there were also things they could do to help crops grow.
In the past, a tribe had to travel many miles for food. Now, only a small amount of land was necessary to feed the whole tribe. The early tribe could grow in size because farming provided a way to feed people.
文章大意：人要生存就离不开食物，我们的祖先最初是靠种植来获取食物吗？阅读本篇了解一下种植物是如何成为人类一种生存方式的。
1．Why did the early tribes move so often?
A．They enjoyed traveling around.
B．They had to find enough food.
C．Because of the bad weather they did not like to stay in one place.
D．They liked to go hunting everywhere.
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第一段第三、四句After a tribe had lived in an area for some time, its food supply would begin to reduce. Then the tribe had to move to new hunting grounds where there was more food.可知答案为B。
2．The underlined word “game” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________.
A．游戏 B．比赛
C．野味 D．赌博
答案：C 词义猜测题。根据第二段第二、三句They were forced to depend on luck, as well as on their hunting skills. If they could find no game, the whole tribe would be in danger of starving.得知，他们主要靠幸运活下来，如果找不到野味(猎物)，整个部落会处于饿死的危险境地。由前面hunting便知答案为C。
3．When farming provided enough food to people, ________.
A．the women didn't do any work at all
B．the tribe could grow larger and life became steady
C．they did not move at all
D．they no longer went hunting
答案：B 细节理解题。根据文章最后一句The early tribe could grow in size because farming provided a way to feed people.便知B项内容正确。
4．From the passage we can infer that ________.
A．early tribes liked moving from place to place
B．hunting was interesting in early days
C．the change from hunting to farming happened very quickly
D．life was hard and unsteady for early tribes
答案：D 推理判断题。从第一段中得知，“一个部落在某一地区居住一段时间后，食物量不断减少，该部落不得不搬到有更多食物的地方”；从第二段中得知，“他们主要靠幸运活下来，如果找不到野味(猎物)，整个部落会处于饿死的危险境地”。因此对早期的种族来说，生活是艰辛的，不稳定的。
Ⅳ.完形填空
Dear editor，
I'm a student in a common agricultural university. As you know, few people think __1__ of an agricultural university，especially which is not __2__. It is ten times __3__ difficult for a graduate from our university to __4__ a satisfactory job than for those who __5__ more respected subjects at a famous university. Most graduates from our university can __6__ to be treated coldly.
Last year a __7__ from our university attended a talent fair (人才招聘会) __8__ in Guangzhou. He joined a queue to __9__ in his recommendation(推荐) form for an interview. When his __10__ came, the interviewer asked him, “Which university did you graduate from？” When the graduate told him the __11__ of our university, the interviewer said with a sneer, “What? I've never heard of that university. Go! Next！” He waved his hand __12__ even taking a look at his recommendation form and took no notice of the graduate's request for a chance to show his skills and __13__.
Another interviewer told the graduate, “Sorry, if you had graduated from Peking University，we would take you on.”
How __14__ the graduate was! I wondered what these employers __15__ wanted: the name of a famous university __16__ knowledge and technology?
It is true that __17__ students from common universities don't have the same abilities as those students from key ones on the whole，but that doesn't __18__ that all of us are less able students. I'm __19__ that we are going to try to do as well as those from key universities. We will __20__ the employers with our skills. So give us a chance.
Yours，
Li Hua
文章大意：招聘时，用人单位是看重大学的名气还是更注重专业技能呢？阅读本篇，感受一个农业大学毕业生的困惑吧！
1．A.lowly B．highly
C．little D．greatly
答案：B 固定搭配题。联系全文我们可以知道，人们对农业大学，尤其是非名牌农业大学并不看重，空前的few决定了其他答案不能入选。think highly of看重……。
2．A.well-known B．beautiful
C. important D．skillful
答案：A 逻辑推理题，从第三段中的“Sorry，if you had graduated from Peking University，we would take you on.”我们得知，招聘者看重的是大学的名气，而不是技能的重要性。从全文来看可排除其他选项。
3．A.greater B．less
C．fewer D．more
答案：D 逻辑推理题。本空承接上句而来，“很少有人看得起农业大学，尤其是非名牌农业大学”，因此我们大学的毕业生找工作更加困难。A、C不能修饰形容词比较级。B项与语意相反。
4．A.accept B．find
C．change D．follow
答案：B 固定搭配题。find a job意思是“找工作”。通读全文，我们可以知道，作者谈论的是大学生找工作难的问题，而不是接受工作或改变工作，因此A、C不合句意。
5．A.study B．understand
C．change D．follow
答案：A 固定搭配题。作者在此将农业大学与有着令人尊敬的专业的著名大学相比。从空后的respected subjects可得此答案提示。
6．A.need B．wish
C．expect D．hope
答案：C 词义辨析题。“预计我们大学的大多数毕业生都会被冷漠对待”，从下文一名大学毕业生的求职经历，作者作出如此预测，其他选项不合句意。
7．A.teacher B．graduate
C．parent D．professor
答案：B 词汇复现题。从后文“Which university did you graduate from？When the graduate...”我们得知，去求职的是一名毕业生。本文讨论的是非名牌、非热门专业大学生就业难的问题，因此A、C、D不合句意。
8．A.held B．built
C．had D．offered
答案：A 固定搭配题。“在广州举办的人才招聘会”。held在这里为过去分词作定语，意思是“举办”。B、D与人才交流会不能连用。have也有“举办”的意思，但不能用于被动结构。
9．A.give B．share
C．let D．hand
答案：D 固定搭配题。联系上下文我们可以得知，这名毕业生要参加求职面试，因此他首先要递交(hand in)他的面试推荐表。give in意思是“屈服，投降”；share in意思是“分担”；let in意思是“让……进入”，都不符合句意。
10．A.time B．turn
C．chance D．interview
答案：B 逻辑推理题。由前文的He joined a queue...我们知道，他是站在求职者的队伍中排队等候，因此作者说“当轮到他时”。
11．A.address B．telephone
C．name D．number
答案：C 前后照应题。从后文“What？I've never heard of that university.”我们得知，这名毕业生告诉他的是他们学校的校名，而不是地址或电话。
12．A.with B．away
C．up D．without
答案：D 词义辨析题。他甚至没有看一眼推荐表。从空后的even可以得到此答案提示。A项与语意相反，B、C两项都是副词，后面不能接doing作宾语。
13．A.books B．subjects
C．request D．knowledge
答案：D 前后照应题。按照常规，面试者应该注重学生的技能和学识。
14．A.pity B．surprised
C．angry D．sorry
答案：C 背景常识题。听了这番话，生气是正常的。
15．A.really B．certainly
C．finally D．proudly
答案：A 逻辑推理题。由空后问句可知，作者想知道面试者想得到的究竟是什么。
16．A.or B．and
C．but D．so
答案：A 逻辑推理题。这里表示选择。
17．A.much B．some
C．many D．most
答案：B 逻辑推理题。要得到本空的答案，我们首先要弄明白作者的态度：作者对面试者拒绝农业大学的毕业生感到极度气愤。他认为农业大学的毕业生并不比名牌大学的毕业生能力差。因此他认为，从总体上来说，只有少数的农业大学毕业生不如名牌大学的毕业生。C、D有较大干扰性。但根据作者的态度来看都不如B合适。
18．A.explain B．mean
C．say D．translate
答案：B 前后照应题。弄明白上空的答案此题便随之迎刃而解。some students并不能代表all of us。say的主语一般是人。
19．A.practical B．popular
C．lucky D．sure
答案：D 固定搭配题。“...we are going to try to do as well as those from key universities.”是作者确信的内容。
20．A.impress B．warn
C．prove D．disappoint
答案：A 固定搭配题。“我们要用我们的技能给雇主留下深刻印象。”C项有一定干扰性，空后的the employers决定了C项不正确；impress sb.意思是“给某人留下深刻印象”。
Ⅴ.短文改错
Some Americans judge success on the length of his vacations. The man who gets a month's vacation each year consider himself more successful than the man gets two weeks. Many people want to be teachers because it are teachers who can get three-month vacation every year. Some college teachers who teach the three classes consider themselves less successful than that who teach only one or two, or none in all. In short, the less work Americans do, the less successful they consider themselves.
答案：
Some Americans judge success the length of vacations. The man who gets a month's vacation each year himself more successful than the man two weeks. Many people want to be teachers because it teachers who can get three-month vacation every year. Some college teachers who teach three classes consider themselves less successful than who teach only one or two, or none in all. short, the less work Americans do, the successful they consider themselves.
课件111张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 必修4(十二省区) Working the landUnit 2Section Ⅰ Warming-up & ReadingUnit 1Ⅰ.单词速记
1．________(n.)数据；统计；统计数字；统计资料
2．________(adj.)晒黑的
3．________(vi.&n.)斗争；拼搏；努力
4．________(n.)十年；十年期
5．________(adj.)特级的；超级的
6．________(n.)产量；输出
7．________(vt.&vi.)使变大；伸展
8．________(adv.)因此；所以；因而 statisticsunburntstruggledecadesuperoutputexpandtherefore9．hunger(n.)饥饿；欲望(vt.&vi.)(使)饥饿→________(adj.)饥饿的；空腹的
10．disturbing(adj.)引起烦恼的；令人不安的→________(adj.)被打扰的→________(vt.)搅乱，扰乱
11．circulate(vt.&vi.)循环；流传→__________(n.)循环；运行
12．________(n.)自由；自主→free(adj.)自由的；自主的
13．equip(vt.&vi.)配备；装备→__________(n.)设备，装备
14．export(vt.&vi.)输出；出口→________(vt.&n.)输入；进口hungrydisturbeddisturbcirculationfreedomequipmentimport
15．nationality(n.)国籍→________(adj.)民族的；国民的→________(n.)民族；国家
16．occupation(n.)工作；职业；占领→________(vt.)占领，占据nationalnationoccupyⅡ.短语互译
1．work the land ________________
2．graduate from ________________
3．thanks to ________________
4．rid... of ________________
5．be satisfied with ________________
耕种土地毕业于幸亏；由于；因为使……摆脱或除去对……感到满意6．关心；在乎 ________________
7．宁愿；宁可 ________________
8．怀有……的希望 ________________
9．喜欢；照顾 ________________
10．有关系；有影响 ________________would rathercare aboutwith the hope ofcare formake a differenceⅢ.完成句子
1．你种过植物吗？如果种过的话，你是怎样种植的？如果没有种过的话，你想要尝试种什么植物？
Have you ever grown any plants? ________， what did you do to grow them? ________， what kind of plant would you like to try growing？(状语从句的省略)
2．每天，有超过8亿人饿着肚子睡觉。
More than 800 million people go to bed __________________
______________________.(形容词作状语)
3．袁隆平种植的是被称之为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。
Yuan Longping grows ________________________________
_________________________________(what引导宾语从句)
4．1973年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。
In 1973, he became __________________________________
______________ that has a high output.(the first＋n. to do sth.第一位做……人)
5．这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获五分之一的粮食。
This special strain of rice _____________________________
_____________ in the same fields.(make it＋adj.＋to do sth.)
6．用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。
Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests _______
_______________________________.(倍数＋as... as...)
答案：1.If so; If not 2.hungry every day 3.what is called super hybrid rice 4.the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice 5.makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop 6.twice as large as before
Ⅳ.课文理解
Step 1 Fast Reading
Skim the passage and give the general idea of the text.
1．It is about ________________ who made a great contribution to producing better ________.2．Skim the text to get the main idea of each paragraph.
A．Yuan Longping's dreams.
B．Yuan Longping's personality.
C．Yuan Longping's brief life experiences.
D．Yuan Longping's appearance and his achievement.
Step 2 Careful Reading
1．Choose the best answer according to the passage.
(1)Why has Yuan Longping struggled for many years?
A．He wants to become one of the top scientists.
B．He wants to prove farmers can also become scientists.
C．He wants to do something for the farmers.
D．He wants other countries to know him.
(2)When did he begin to make a study of the ways to increase the rice output?
A．More than 60 years ago.
B．More than 50 years ago.
C．About 40 years ago.
D．About 30 years ago.
(3)When Yuan Longping was a young man, ________.
A．many people in the countryside didn't have enough food to eat
B．all the people in the countryside were living a happy life
C．no one in the cities was able to help the poor in the countryside
D．he didn't like the life in the countryside
(4)From the passage we can know that Yuan Longping's hybrid rice ________.
A．helps the farmers produce larger harvests
B．can be only grown in China
C．is not accepted by the UN
D．is now grown around the globe
(5)What kind of person is Yuan Longping?
A．He likes to live with the poor and is ready to help them.
B．He thinks much of himself but little of others.
C．He is strict with other scientists and the farmers.
D．He has his own dreams to help the people.2．Read the text and try to answer the following questions.
(1)What is Yuan Longping's great achievement?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(2)What does he think of fame and money?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(3)What does the word “battle” refer to in the second paragraph?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________(4)List at least three Yuan's hobbies. (no more than 10 words)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(5)List two dreams of Yuan Longping. (no more than 30 words)
①________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
②________________________________________________
__________________________________________________3．Fill in the blanks with proper words in the passage.
Yuan Longping, the father of (1)________ hybrid rice, is a famous scientist. He has (2)________ for the past five (3)________ for the Chinese farmers. In 1953 when Yuan Longping graduated from college, hunger was a (4)________ problem in many parts of the countryside. Therefore, Yuan wanted to help (5)________ his motherland of (6)________ by increasing the rice output without (7)________ the area of the fields and he made it. Yuan Longping's another dream is to (8)________ his rice to the world. (9)________ Yuan Longping, the UN has more tools in the (10)________ against hunger throughout the world.
Step 4 Discussion
Is Yuan Longping more of a scientist or more of a farmer？What can we learn from him?
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________答案：Step 1 (1)Yuan Longping; rice (2)DCBA
Step 2 1.(1)～(5)CBAAD
2．(1)He grows what is called super hybrid rice, which makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields.
(2)He doesn't care about being famous and feels it gives him less freedom to do his research. He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. He cares little about spending the money on himself or leading a comfortable life.
(3)Ridding the world of hunger.(4)listening to violin music/playing mahjong/swimming/
reading
(5)①To produce a kind of rice that could feed more people.
②To export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe.
Step 3.(1)super (2)struggled (3)decades (4)disturbing
(5)rid (6)hunger (7)expanding (8)export (9)Thanks to
(10)battle
Step 4 I think Yuan Longping is more of a scientist, who carries out his research by farming. He has made great contributions to the mankind, ridding the world of hunger.1.struggle
(1)v.
①奋斗，努力；斗争；搏斗，挣扎
They were poor and had to struggle for a living.
他们很穷，必须为生活而挣扎。
②艰难的行进；吃力地进行
I struggled up the hill with the heavy bags.
我背着几个沉重的包吃力地爬上山去。
(2)n. 奋斗，努力；斗争；搏斗，挣扎
①Three people were hurt in the struggle.
有三人在打斗中受伤。
②We will not give up our struggle for better working conditions.
我们不会放弃争取改善工作条件的斗争。
知识拓展
struggle to do sth.努力做某事
struggle for努力争取……；为……而斗争
struggle with/against与……作斗争
struggle with sb.与……搏斗
struggle to one's feet挣扎着站起来巧学助记
图文巧解struggle活学活用
填入恰当的介词、副词。
①The wounded young man struggled ________ his feet.
②The workers have been struggling ________________ bad conditions for too long.
③她从来没有放弃，努力过着一种积极向上的(active)生活。
译：______________________________________________
答案：①to ②against/with ③She never gave up and struggled to lead an active life.
2．disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的
①He has had some disturbing experiences.
他有过一些使他很不安的经历。
②It is very disturbing that we haven't seen him for a long time.
好长时间没见到他，这令我们深感不安。知识拓展
(1)disturbed adj.心神不安的；担心的
(2)disturb vt.打扰；弄乱；使不安
disturbance n．打扰；扰乱；骚动
①I'm very disturbed about him.
我很担心他。
②Heavy truck traffic disturbed the neighborhood.
重型卡车的来来往往扰乱了这一带的安宁。
巧学助记
They were all disturbed by the disturbing news, that is, the news disturbed all of them.
这条令人不安的消息使他们都深感不安。也就是说，这条消息使他们都感到不安。
活学活用
选词填空(disturbing/disturbed/disturb/disturbance)。
①Don't ________ the sleeping child.
②The ________ news has made everyone present upset.
③I felt ________ to hear of your illness.
④The drunken man caused a ________ in the street.
答案：①disturb ②disturbing ③disturbed ④disturbance3．expand vt.&vi.使变大，伸展
①Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.
袁隆平要在不增加土地面积的基础上寻求增收稻谷的方法。
②Our foreign trade has expanded during recent years.
我们的对外贸易近年来已得到扩大。
③She expanded her umbrella and went out.
她撑开伞就走出去了。知识拓展
(1)expand... into...把……扩展/发展成……
expand into...发展成/扩大成……
expand on...细说(阐述)……
(2)expansion n．扩大；膨胀
They managed to expand the little firm into a big company; that is, the little firm expanded_into a big company.
他们把这家小公司发展成了一家大公司；也就是说，这家小公司发展成了一家大公司。易混辨析巧学助记
形象记忆expand/extend①A child's vocabulary expands through reading.
孩子的词汇量通过阅读得到扩大。
②My garden extends as far as the river.
我的花园一直延伸到河边。活学活用
完成句子。
①He did not ________________ his statement.
他未就他的声明多加解释。
②The writer ________________ a long one.
那位作者把他的短篇小说扩展为长篇。
③The narrow path in the village_______________________.
村里的狭窄小路被拓宽成一条大道。
④The eagle _______________________________________.
老鹰展开翅膀。
答案：①expand greatly on ②expanded his short novel into ③expanded into a wide road ④expanded its wings
4．rid vt.摆脱；除去
①It's not easy to rid oneself of a habit.
要改掉一个习惯是不容易的。
②We will be glad to get_rid_of him.
摆脱他，我们将很高兴。
知识拓展
(1)rid... of摆脱；除去
get/be rid of摆脱；除去；处理掉
(2)rid的过去式及过去分词为：rid/ridded；rid/ridded。活学活用
完成句子。
①Do you think it possible ____________________________ nuclear weapons?
你认为世界可能会摆脱核武器吗？
②You should ____________________________.
你应当戒掉吸烟的习惯。
③We have to ____________________________.
我们必须把这些旧报纸处理掉。
答案：①to rid the world of ②get rid of the habit of smoking ③get rid of these old newspapers
5．equip vt.& vi.配备；装备
①Please equip yourself with a sharp pencil and a rubber for the exam.
请准备一支尖的铅笔和一块橡皮参加考试。
②His work experience equipped him to deal with all kinds of people.
他的工作经验使他能与各种各样的人打交道。
知识拓展
(1)equip... with...用……装备……
equip sb. to do sth.使某人有能力干某事
be equipped with装备着……
be well/poorly equipped设备精良的/较差的
(2)equipment n．装备；设备(不可数名词)
a piece of equipment一件设备活学活用
完成句子。
①Our factory _______________________ modern machines.
我们厂是用现代化机械装备的。
②Our laboratory ________________ and ________________ America.
我们的实验室装备良好，大部分设备来自美国。
答案：①is equipped with ②is well equipped; most of its equipment is from
6．export vt.&vi.输出；出口
①Africa is exporting beef to Europe.
非洲向欧洲出口牛肉。
②Many raw materials are exported to foreign countries.
许多原料输出国外。知识拓展
(1)export n．输出，出口 (pl.)输出品，输出额
exporter n．出口商；出口公司；出口国
(2)import vt.输入；进口 n．输入；进口；进口产品
The country is a big exporter to export tea to foreign countries, but imports a lot of wheat from other countries.
这个国家是一个大的出口茶叶的出口国，但是要从其他国家进口很多小麦。活学活用
完成句子。
①90% of the engines________________________________.
90%的发动机都出口到欧洲。
②____________________________________engines of cars.
该国的主要出口产品是汽车的发动机。
③Can you tell me the main product ____________________?
请告诉我你们出口的主要产品好吗？
答案：①are exported to Europe ②The country's major exports are ③you export
7．therefore adv.因此；所以；因而
Their car was bigger and therefore more comfortable.
他们的车比较大，所以要舒适些。易混辨析
①The new trains have more powerful engines and are therefore faster.
新火车安装了功率更大的机车，因此车速更快。
②I was ill so I couldn't come to her party.
我病了，所以没能来参加她的聚会。
活学活用
选词填空(therefore，so)
①I was feeling hungry, ________ I made myself a sandwich.
②There is still much to discuss. We shall, ________， return to this item at our next meeting.
答案：①so ②therefore语法填空。
③Progress so far has been very good. ________， we are sure that the project will be completed on time.
答案：Therefore 句意：到目前为止进展还是不错的。因此我们确信工作会按期完工的。therefore“因此”，表示结果，符合句意。
④(2014·安徽，33改编)It's our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and, ________， supply more jobs.
答案：therefore 句意：我们希望我们会在市场上起更大的作用，因此提供更多的工作。8.thanks to幸亏；由于；因为
①Thanks_to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.
由于他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中有了更多的方法。
②Thanks_to you, I was saved from drowning.
幸亏你，我才没有被淹死。知识拓展名师点拨
(1)thanks to，owing to，due to，because of都是介词(直接用在名词之前)，而不是连接词(不可用来连接句子的两个部分)。
[译]由于飞机误点，我只得等了好几个小时。
[正]I had to wait hours because the plane was delayed.
[误]I had to wait hours owing to(because of) the plane was delayed.
(2)thanks to表示“幸亏，多亏”，多用来解释某件好事发生的原因，相当于感谢，在句中作状语或表语。活学活用
完成句子。
①______________________， we finished our work on time.
幸亏有他的帮助，我们按时完成了工作。
②It was ______________________ that I succeeded.
幸亏他的建议我才成功。
③Thanks to John we arrived three hours late.
译：_____________________________________________
答案：①Thanks to his help ②thanks to his advice ③我们迟到了3小时，这都怪约翰。
9．be satisfied with对……感到满意
①Yuan Longping is quite satisfied_with his life.
袁隆平对生活很满足。
②I am not satisfied_with your work; you must improve it.
我对你的工作不满意，你必须加以改进。
知识拓展
(1)be satisfied to do...对做……感到满意
(2)satisfy vt.使……满意
satisfy one's needs满足某人的需要
(3)satisfaction n．满意
with satisfaction满意地
to one's satisfaction使某人满意的是
(4)satisfying adj.令人满意的
satisfactory adj.令人满意的
①She's_satisfied_to stay at home.待在家里她很满意。
②We must develop production to satisfy_the_people's_needs.
我们必须发展生产，满足人民的需要。活学活用
根据句意用与satisfy有关的词填空。
①I hope you are ________ with the new car.
我希望你对这辆新车感到满意。
②Much to the customers' ________， the company is trying hard to ________ their needs.
令顾客们感到非常满意的是，公司正尽力满足他们的需求。
③His reply to my questions was not ________.
他给我的答复不尽如人意。
答案：①satisfied ②satisfaction; satisfy ③satisfactory
10．would rather宁愿；宁可
①He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.
他宁愿把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。
②I'd_rather die than apologize to her.
我宁可死也不会向她道歉。知识拓展
(1)would rather (not) do宁愿(不)做……
(3)would rather＋从句
①I would_rather have the small one than the big one.
我宁愿要小的，不要大的。
②I would rather he had_turned_up at that moment.
我宁愿他在那时露面。活学活用
用所给词的适当形式填空。
①We would rather ________(live) in China freely than ________(live) in rich countries.
②David would rather (that) I ________(treat) him next Monday.
答案：①live; live ②treated
句型转换。
③I'd rather play football than play basketball.
→I ________________ football ________________ basketball.
→I ________________ football ________________ basketball.
答案：would blay; rather than play; prefer to play; rather than play
语法填空。
④George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I'd rather he________(focus) more on its culture.
答案：focused 句意：乔治将要谈他的国家的地理，但是我宁愿他能更多地谈一下文化。would rather后跟从句，要用过去时表示现在或将来的动作。11.Have you ever grown any plants? If_so,_what did you do to grow them? If_not,_what kind of plant would you like to try growing？你种过植物吗？如果种过的话，你是怎样种植的？如果没有种过的话，你想要尝试种什么植物？
句式分析
(1)此句用了省略结构。
(2)If so为if it is so省略句式，if为连词，so指代上文的内容。意为：如果是这样的话。
(3)If not为If so的否定形式。
①Do you want to join in the summer camp? If_so,_please sign your name here.
你想参加夏令营吗？如果想的话，请在这里签名吧。
②Can we attend your lecture? If_not,_please let us know.
我们能参加你的演讲吗？如果不可以的话，请让我们知道。
活学活用
仿写句子。
①你去过上海吗？如果去过，什么给你留下了深刻的印象？如果没有过去，那么你何时想去欣赏它呢？
Have you ever travelled to Shanghai? ________， what impressed you most there? ________， when will you want to admire it?
②你已完成工作了吗？如果已完成，下一步你要做什么？如果没完成，你怎么才能按时完成它？
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
答案：①If so; If not ②Have you finished your work? If so, what will you do next? If not, how can you finish it on time?
语法填空。
③It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine. ________so, we'd better take it to the garage immediately.
答案：If 句意：听起来好像是汽车的发动机出问题了。如果是这样的话，我们最好立刻把车送到修理厂去。if so相当于if it is so，意为“如果这样的话”，其中so指代前句内容，符合句意。
④(2014·福建，28改编)The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, ________ever, reaching 30℃ in summer.
答案：if 考查if从句的省略。if ever要是有的话(频率); 根据形容词pleasant“令人愉悦的”及副词rarely“很少”可知，气温达到30度只是偶尔才会出现的情况。句意为：这儿的气候是相当舒适的，要是曾经有的话，气温也很少达到30度。
12．Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.
袁隆平种植的是被称之为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。
句式分析
(1)此句为主从复合句。
(2)句中含有what引导的宾语从句，在句中作谓语动词grows的宾语，what在从句中充当主语。
(3)call意为：把……叫做，此处用了其被动结构，其主动用法为：call＋宾语＋宾语补足语。
①We all call the little boy baby.
我们都称这小男孩宝贝。
②What would you like to call the dog?
你想叫这条狗什么？活学活用
仿写句子。
①为了挣钱，这里的农民种植被称为花生的作物。
To make money, farmers here grow _____________________
__________________________________________________.
②这家商店主要卖被称之为运动服的服饰。
The shop mainly sells ________________________________
__________________________________________________.
答案：①what is called peanuts ②what is called sports clothes.13．In 1973, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.
1973年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。
句式分析
(1)此句为主从复合句。
(2)句中含有that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词“rice”，且that在从句中充当主语。
(3)主句中表语中心词“pioneer”由序数词修饰，后面为不定式作后置定语。名师点拨
当名词由形容词最高级或表示次序的词汇the first，the last以及the only，the very，the right修饰时，后面要用不定式作定语，这些名词与动词不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系。
①He was the first man to map the coast line of this part.
他是第一位为这部分海岸线绘图的人。
②The girl student bought a book that is useful to her study.
这名女学生买了一本对她的学习很有帮助的书。活学活用
仿写句子。
①郑和是航行到很多其他中国人没有到过的国外的地方的先锋。
Zheng He was _____________________________________
____________ that no other Chinese people had ever been to.
②王亚平是第一个在太空授课的中国宇航员。
Wang Yaping_______________________________________
________________________________________ in space.
答案：①the first pioneer to sail to many foreign places
②is the first Chinese astronaut to give lessons语法填空。
③When there is a football match, he is always the first boy ________(come)．
答案：to come 句意：当有足球赛时他总是第一个来的男孩。“the first＋n.”后常接动词不定式作定语，表示“第一个做某事的……”。
④—The last one ________(arrive) pays the meal.
—Agreed!
答案：to arrive 句意：——最后到达的结账。——同意！“the last/next/first＋n.”后常接动词不定式作定语。 14．This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields.
这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获百分之二十的粮食。
句式分析
(1)此句为复杂的简单句。
(2)本句中用了“make＋it＋adj./n.＋to do sth./that...”结构，it作形式宾语代替动词不定式短语to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields, possible作宾语补足语。
①They made it possible to deal with the matter in this way.
他们使得用这种方法处理这件事成为可能。
②We made it a rule to visit those old people every week.
我们每个周规定好去拜访那些老人。名师点拨
常跟如上结构的词还有：find，consider，think，believe，feel等。
①We found it pleasant to work in this company.
我们发现在这家公司工作很愉快。
②I consider it a great honour to be invited to the party.
我认为能被邀请参加晚会是很大的荣幸。活学活用
仿写句子。
①这种特别的方法使得在一个小时内记住200个英语单词成为可能。
The special way____________ 200 English words in one hour.
②他们帮忙尽可能在很短的时间内把这些信送到主人手里。
Their help ________these letters to the owners in a short time.
答案：①makes it possible to remember ②made it possible to deliver语法填空。
③New technologies have made ________ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.
答案：it 句意：新科技使以更低的成本更快地生产新产品成为可能。本句的真正宾语是to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost，所以用it作形式宾语。
④We feel ________ our duty to make our country a better place.
答案：it 句意：我们认为使国家变得更好是我们的责任。it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式to make our country a better place。
15．Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.
用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。
句式分析
(1)此句为简单句。
(2)句中分词短语“Using his hybrid rice”为方式状语。
(3)“twice as large as”为倍数的表达方式。
①Typing it into the computer, the article was stored.
这篇文章被打入电脑储存了起来。
②The room is twice as large as that one.
这个房间是那个房间的两倍。名师点拨
(1)倍数(a quarter, half, twice, three times, etc.)＋as... as...；倍数＋as much/many＋名词＋as
①This bridge is three times as long as that one.
这座桥的长度是那座的三倍。
②He received three times as many presents as he had expected.
他收到的礼物是他预料的三倍。
(2)倍数＋adj./adv.的比较级＋than；倍数＋more＋名词＋than
Asia is three times larger than Europe.
亚洲比欧洲大三倍。
(3)倍数＋the size/length/width/depth/height/amount of...
This river is a quarter the length of that one.
这条河是那条河的四分之一长。
(4)倍数＋what-clause
The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.
现在的产量是10年前的3倍。
(5)．..＋by＋倍数．..
Compared with that of last year, our coal output has increased by 3 times.
与去年相比，我们的煤产量增长了3倍。活学活用
仿写句子 。
①使用这种新机器，他们收割庄稼是以前的两倍快。
____________________， they can harvest the crops ________________.
②用他自己的方法，他一天内读的这本书多达以前的两倍。
________________，he has finished reading the book in one day ________________.
答案：①Using this new kind of machine; twice as fast as before ②Using his own way; twice as much as before语法填空。
③The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times ________big ________ the present one.
答案：as; as 句意：正在建的下一届亚运会的新体育馆将是现在体育馆的三倍大。本题考查倍数的表达法：倍数＋as＋形容词的原级＋as...。
④I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs almost three times________.
答案：as much 考查倍数的表达。...be＋倍数＋as ＋形容词或副词的原级＋as...。另外，金钱应该用much修饰而不用many。此处后面省略了as that one。
⑤(2013·安徽，33改编)It's said that the power plant is now twice ________ large as what it was.
答案：as 本题考查倍数的表达法。句意：据说这个发电厂现在是过去的两倍大。“倍数＋as……as”是倍数的表达法，意为“是……的几倍”，其中as……as之间要用原级。Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．They were ________(struggle) to get out from the burning car.
2．He had great trouble ________(rid) himself of the debt.
3．I would rather (that) you ________(go) home now.
4．I haven't eaten since breakfast and I'm very ________(hunger)．
5．Each classroom is ________(equip) with a TV set.
6．An electric fan keeps the air in ________(circulate)．7．In ten years the city's population ________(expand) by 12%, which has made the city more crowded.
8．Our products are ________(export) to Southeast Asia to gain more benefits.
9．After five years the prisoner was given his ________(free)．
10．A ________(disturb) piece of news made her upset.
答案：1.struggling 2.ridding 3.went 4.hungry 5.equipped 6.circulation 7.expanded 8.exported 9.freedom 10.disturbingⅡ.选词填空
as...as;rid...of...;equip...with...;struggle with；get sunburnt；thanks to；would rather;care for;make a difference;be satisfied with
1．We should be brave to ________ the difficulty.
2．________ your help，much trouble was saved.
3．It is very hard for the people to ________ the earth ________ pollution.
4．I ________ choose to give up than give in to him.
5．The bedroom is twice ________ big ________ the kitchen.
6．We all ________ from a day on the beach.
7．He likes pop；he doesn't ________ classical music.8．Both he and I ________ the result.
9．If everyone is devoted to doing some meaningful things，they all will ________ in this world.
10．He has ________ himself ________ much experience in teaching.
答案：1.struggle with 2.Thanks to 3.rid；of 4.would rather 5.as；as 6.got sunburnt 7.care for 8.are satisfied with 9.make a difference 10.equipped; with
Ⅲ.语法单项填空
1．(2014·天津，8)Life is like ________ ocean: Only ________ strong-willed can reach the other shore.
答案：an; the 考查冠词。句意：生命像一个大海，只有意志坚强的人才能到达彼岸。第一空表示泛指；第二空是“the＋形容词”，表示一类人。
2．—Does Shelly like shopping?
—Well, she would rather spend time ________(read) at home than ________(wander) in the street.
答案：(in) reading; wander 根据would rather do than do句型，可知第二个空应该用wander；另外，根据“spend＋一段时间＋(in)＋动名词”，可知第一个空需用(in) reading。3．If I have any further news，you will be the first person ________(know)．
答案：to know 句意：如果我有任何新的消息，你都将是第一个知道的人。在the first/second...后接不定式作定语，表示“第一个/第二个做……”。
4．Sometimes you just have to learn to get rid________ the things that you can't change.
答案：of 句意：有时你必须学会摆脱你不能改变的事情。get rid of摆脱，除去。
5．If not ________(satisfy), you're allowed to return everything within 10 days for a full refund and no further duties.
答案：satisfied 考查省略。句意：如果不满意，十天之内可以全款退货并且没有进一步的责任。satisfied满意的，说明主语的状态，符合句意。
6．(2014·福州高一检测)Most of the reporters invited to the World Economic Forum in Dalian stayed in the flats in this building，each ________(equip) with solar heaters.
答案：equipped 句意：应邀参加大连世界经济论坛的多数记者住在这座大楼的公寓里，每套公寓都配有太阳能加热器。 be equipped with装备着，此处未用关系词，所以为“逻辑主语＋过去分词”构成的独立主格结构。
7．________ his help, she found a job shortly after she lost her last job.
答案：Thanks to 考查短语用法。句意：多亏了他的帮助，她在丢了上一份工作之后不久就又找了一份工作。表达“原因”的短语有：owing to；as a result of；because of；thanks to；due to。thanks to多亏了，表达正面的含义，与句意相符。8．The factory produced a large amount of furniture last year, so far 65 percent of which has ________(export) to some European countries.
答案：been exported 句意：这家工厂去年生产了大量的家具，到目前为止其中的65%已出口到欧洲的一些国家。
9．Our new school is three times ________large as the old one in size, as far as I know.
答案：as 考查倍数表达法。通常表达形式有：A is倍数as＋adj.＋as B；A is倍数＋形容词比较级＋than B；A is倍数＋the＋n.(size，weight，length...)of B。
10．The lack of experience makes ________ impossible for Jane to get along well in her new job.
答案：it 句意：缺乏经验使简不可能对她的新工作应对自如。此处为“make＋it＋adj.＋to do sth.”结构，it作形式宾语，动词不定式短语为真正的宾语。Unit 2 Section Ⅱ
Ⅰ.语法单项填空
1．The soldiers working in earthquake-hit area have tried their best to save every possible life, risking ________(lose) their own.
答案：losing 考查动名词作宾语。句意：在地震袭击地区工作的战士们冒着失去他们自己生命的危险尽力地去拯救每一个可能的生命。risk后接动名词作宾语，意为“冒险做某事”，又由句意知这里是主动关系。
2．To improve our oral English, we should practice ________(speak) it every day.
答案：speaking 句意：为了改善口语，我们应该每天练习说英语。practice doing sth.练习做某事。
3．It is no good ________(argue) with the stubborn man because he will never change his mind.
答案：arguing 句意：和那个固执的人争辩是没好处的，因为他决不会改变他的主意的。It’s no good后接动名词作真正的主语，意为“做某事是没好处的”。
4．When the little boy heard that his father couldn't help ________(get) the ticket to the football match，he couldn't help ________(cry)．
答案：to get; crying 句意：当这小男孩听见他的爸爸不能帮忙买到足球赛的票时，他禁不住哭了。can't help doing sth.表示“禁不住干某事”；can't help(to) do sth.表示“不能帮助干某事”。
5．The president's ________(take) office let American people see the hope of their economic recovery.
答案：taking 句意：总统就职让美国人看到了他们经济恢复的希望。动名词复合结构作主语时其结构应为“名词所有格或形容词性物主代词＋v.-ing”。
6．Even though the modern way of life is popular now, there are still some people used to ________(live) a life in an old fashion.
答案：living 句意：尽管现代生活模式现在已很盛行，但是仍有一些人习惯过着旧式的生活。be used to doing sth.意为“习惯于做某事”，其中的to是介词，故后接动名词。
7．—Why did Mary weep?
—She couldn't bear ________(make) fun of like that before the whole class.
答案：being made bear后跟动名词作宾语。又因为主语和动名词之间为被动关系。故应用动名词的被动形式。
8．He didn't drive to work today, for his car needs ________(repair)．
答案：repairing/to berepaired need作“需要”讲时，后跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。类似用法的词还有：want，require等。
9．We don't allow ________(smoke) here, but we can allow you ________(smoke) in the next room.
答案：smoking; to smoke 考查动名词。句意：我们不允许在这儿吸烟，但是允许你在隔壁房间吸。allow后有sb.接to do不定式，意为“允许某人做某事”；没有sb.则接动名词，意为“允许做某事”。
10．(2013·福建高考改编)________(know) basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
答案：Knowing 考查非谓语动词。句意：知道基本的急救技术将会帮助你对紧急情况快速作出反应。由谓语“will help”可知，此句缺少主语形式，且句中的“you”与动词“know”为逻辑上的主谓关系。故用动名词的一般形式作主语。
11．(2013·江苏高考改编)Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ________(reduce) to ruins, the city took on a new look.
答案：being reduced 考查非谓语动词。句意：在遭受大规模的地震和损失之后不久，那个城市就呈现出了崭新的面貌。and为并列连词，连接after后的两个宾语suffering from...和being reduced to...。be reduced to(doing) sth.使沦为，固定结构。
12．(2012·福建高考改编)China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from ________(attack) in the South China Sea.
答案：being attacked 句意：中国最近加紧了对黄岩岛附近海域的控制以保护中国的渔船在南海海域不被袭击。prevent... from doing保护……免受……，根据句意可知“保护渔船不被袭击”，故from后为being done。
13．(2012·北京高考改编)One learns a language by making mistakes and ________(correct) them.
答案：correcting 句意：人们在犯错误并改正它们的过程中学习一门语言。correcting them和making mistakes是并列的动名词短语，作介词by的宾语。
14．It's no use ________(complain) without taking action.
答案：complaining 句意：光抱怨而不采取任何行动是没用的。此句应为考查句型“It is no use doing sth.”，此结构中需用动词-ing形式作真正的主语，it为形式主语。
15．I had great difficulty ________(find) the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.
答案：(in) finding 句意：在那家餐厅，我花了很大力气才从菜谱上找到合适的食物。have difficulty(in) doing sth.为固定结构，意为做某事有困难。
Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．It is no use ________(cry) over the spilt milk.
2．We succeeded in ________(finish) our paper ahead of time.
3．Have you finished ________(read) the book?
4．________(collect ) information is very important to businessmen.
5．Tom could not help ________(jump) with joy on hearing the good news.
6．I should say sorry to Kate，for I regret ________(refuse) to help her that day.
7．Everybody was made unhappy because he insisted on ________(give) up that plan.
8．It is not worthwhile ________(see) the movie for the second time.
答案：1.crying 2.finishing 3.reading 4.Collecting 5.jumping 6.refusing 7.giving 8.seeing
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．This book ________________________________________________________________ again.(worth)
这本书值得再读一次。
2．We must try to ____________________________________________________________. (avoid)
我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。
3．People ___________________________________________________________________ that foolish man.(help)
人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。
4．I shall never ______________________________________________________________. (forget)
我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。
5．We don't ___________________________________________________________.(allow)
我们不允许在办公室里吸烟。
6．________________________________________________________________________ killing him for his property.(waste)
浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。
7．It is __________________________________________________________.(worthwhile)
做这个实验是值得的。
8．Mary is _________________________________________________________.(consider)
玛丽正在考虑换工作。
9．Would you _____________________________________________________________？(mind)
打开门你介意吗？
10．Everyone was ____________________________________________________.(forward)
大家都盼望着回家。
答案：1.is worth reading 2.avoid making the same mistakes
3．couldn't help laughing at 4.forget seeing the famous writer
5．allow smoking in the office 6.Wasting a person's time is the same as
7.worthwhile making the experiment 8．considering changing her job
9.mind opening the door 10.looking forward to returning home
Ⅳ.阅读理解
There are lots of insects that farmers hate. But there also are some they like. They protect crops against damage from other insects. A good example is the lady beetle, which is also known as the ladybug(瓢虫)．
Lady beetles are a natural control for aphids(蚜虫). Lady beetles are red, orange or black. They often have black spots, though some have light colored spots. Different kinds of lady beetles have different numbers of spots. There are lady beetles with four, five, seven and fourteen spots.
Many of the well-known kinds of lady beetles come from Asia or Europe. They now are common throughout the United States.
American scientists imported one kind of lady beetle, the multicolored Asian lady beetle, as early as 1916. They released them as an attempt to control some kinds of insects. Over the years, the beetle has become established, possibly helped by some that arrived with imported plants on ships.
Experts say over 450 kinds of lady beetles are found in North America. Some are native to the area. Others have been brought from other places. Almost all are helpful to farmers.
The Asian lady beetles now in the United States probably came from Japan. The Asian lady beetle eats aphids that damage crops like soybeans, fruits and berries.
In the southern United States, Asian lady beetles have reduced the need for farmers to use pest-killing poisons on pecan trees. This popular tree nut suffers from aphids and other pests that the lady beetles eat.
But some people say the Asian lady beetle has itself become a pest. They worry that the lady beetles may eat their late-autumn fruit crops.
Experts say Asian lady beetles may appear in large numbers in some years. But they say the insects are too helpful to be considered as pests.
1．What do ladybugs look like?
A．All kinds of ladybugs are of the same color.
B．Most of them are red, orange or black.
C．They each have the same number of spots on them.
D．Most of them have fourteen spots.
答案：B 由第二段第二句可知B项正确，同时排除A项；由第二段第四句可知C项错误；D项文中没有提及。
2．Asian ladybugs have been in the United States for______.
A．nine decades B．hundreds of years
C．half a century D．a century
答案：A 由第四段第一句可知自1916年至今应为90多年，但离一个世纪还有好几年，所以A项为最佳选项。
3．According to the passage the following statements are supported EXCEPT________.
A．there are more than 450 kinds of ladybugs in North America, including native ones
B．only some imported ladybugs are helpful to the local plants
C．soybeans, fruits and berries are favorites of aphids.
D．pecan trees are common in the south of America
答案：B 由第五段最后一句可知B项与文章内容相悖。其余选项所述内容都与文章内容相符。
4．According to the experts, ladybugs are________.
A．more helpful than considered as pets
B．more pests than helpful insects
C．helpful as well as destructive
D．are more destructive than helpful
答案：A 根据末段最后一句可知，专家的观点是瓢虫益大于弊，不应被视为害虫。
Ⅴ.七选五
How to Keep Your Job for a Long Time
Work Hard.
Many bosses don't mind you spending a little time on some little things, but they do focus on your job attitude and the wealth you can create for this company. When it comes to making lay-off decisions, the company will also choose the most productive employees to keep the job instead of the workers who are always late to work, leave early every day and do nothing important to the company. __1__
Be a Team Player.
__2__ As an employee, you should work in a team with others, and learn from others. You should get along well with others.
Be Flexible.
__3__ When the company needs someone to change shifts, work weekends, put in some overtime，o r work a different schedule, you can think about it if your personal schedule permits.
__4__
You should be making yourself available to take on some additional tasks or help with projects that you might not have otherwise had to do. Maybe there is no additional pay, but it is also very helpful to increase your own value. Maybe due to this additional help, your boss begins to take advantage of you and give you more important work.
Don't Complain.
If you don't like your job, I can guarantee there are plenty of other people who would jump at the chance to get it. You should be really careful about complaining. __5__
A．Or your job security may be indirectly affected.
B．You should not gossip about other workers.
C．Make Yourself Available.
D．So you should remember to work hard.
E．Team spirit is an important quality for everyone.
F．Flexibility is a very important component to your job.
G．You become someone that they can rely on.
答案：本文主要就怎样让你的工作做得更长久这一问题，给出了一些建议。
1．D 根据这一小段的标题以及the company will also choose the most productive employees to keep the job instead of the workers who are always late to work，leave early every day and do nothing important to the company，故选D。
2．E 根据这一小段的标题以及As an employee，you should work in a team with others，and learn from others. You should get along well with others，故选E。
3．F 根据这一小段的标题以及When the company needs someone to change shifts，work weekends，put in some overtime，or work a different schedule，you can think about it if your personal schedule permits，故选F。
4．C 根据You should be making yourself available to take on some additional tasks or help with projects that you might not have otherwise had to do.故选C。
5．A 根据If you don't like your job，I can guarantee there are plenty of other people who would jump at the chance to get it. You should be really careful about complaining. 故选A。
Ⅵ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
There was no one quite like my father. When any other man had an extra dollar, he bought a drink; when Father had an extra dollar, he bought a book. Other people had pictures on their walls, or at least a calendar; we had books, 3,000 of them，__1__(line) every surface of our little four-room house__2__every subject. Father was the__3__(much) persistent (固执的) scholar I ever knew. Every summer he took a month or so off to attend classes. Eventually, he earned seven degrees, attended 11 different colleges and universities. My sister and I were the immediate beneficiaries of Father's insatiable (不能满足的)__4__(hungry) to learn.
Before I was three, my father was reading aloud to me. Thereafter, I read aloud to him so he'd work on my__5__(pronounce). By the time I was in the fifth grade, I'd recite__6__classical literature to poetry and had to be prepared to do__7__. Then Father would warn me by quoting a saying from Shakespeare，“__8__all the year were playing holidays, to sport would be as tedious (乏味的) as to work.” Obviously, his efforts weren't entirely__9__vain, for my voice has enabled me to earn a fair livelihood. But that fact doesn't begin to define the enormous debt__10__I owe my father.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：父亲孜孜不倦学习的精神使“我”受益匪浅。
1．lining 从本句话的语境可以知道父亲买了3000多本书，而且把它们分门别类地摆放好，书的内容很丰富，book与line之间存在主谓关系，故用lining的分词形式。
2．on on表示“关于”，意思是关于每一个科目的都有。
3．most 从本句句意“父亲是我知道的最固执的教授”可知用最高级most。
4．hunger 由于该空前面的insatiable是形容词，修饰的应该是名词，故用hunger，表示对学习的渴望。
5．pronunciation 父亲给“我”大声地读书，“我”也给父亲读，让他纠正“我”的发音。形容词性物主代词后应用名词。work on“从事，致力于”。
6．from 上五年级的时候“我”已经能够背诵古代文学和诗歌。from...to...“从……到……”。
7．so 此处so是代词，代替背诵古代文学和诗歌等等。
8．If 如果全年都是假期的话，那么运动也和工作一样乏味。
9．in 从上文可以知道父亲从“我”小时候起就对“我”进行艰苦的训练，而“我”也取得了一定的成绩，故父亲的努力没有白费。in vain“徒劳地”。
10．that I owe my father是定语从句，修饰debt，从句中缺少宾语。
【辽宁卷题型】
Mate：Jessica，you must have a dream. What do you want to be when you grow__1__？
Jessica：I wanna be a physician's assistant.
Mate：What is a physician's assistant?
Jessica: Normally __2__you go into the doctor's office, you would get your doctor and all they do is to give you check-ups or you know maybe take out stitches or something，not__3__(surgeon). You just go in and do the little things. So the doctor__4__(have) to do them.
Mate: You wanna__5__lots of money?
Jessica：Yeah. Nothing wrong with that.
Mate ：__6__do you become a physician's assistant?
Jessica：It's a lot of schooling. You have like six years, four or six years of college and you__7__(obvious) take the，like nursing and other kinds of classes like that and then you do like two or four years at a hospital.
Mate: Like__8__assistant?
Jessica：Like you're actually doing the work.
Mate: Oh, an intern (实习生)．
Jessica：Yeah! An internship for two or four years at a hospital.
Mate: You finish?
Jessica：And then you hopefully go on and maybe have your__9__little doctor's place and open that up or something.
Mate：Well，best__10__on becoming a physician's assistant. I'm sure you'll make a good one.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：在和Mate的谈话中，Jessica提到了自己的理想工作是当一名医生助理。你的理想工作是什么？通过Jessica的谈论一同来思考一下吧。
1．up 考查固定搭配。grow up意为“长大”。
2．when/if 考查状语从句连词。句意：当/如果你走进医生的办公室……
3．surgery 这里不用surgeon的原因就是，前面所说的都是医生对患者所做的事，在这里来了个转折，指的是前面所说的都不是手术。
4．doesn't have/does not have 考查动词形式。结合全文以及常识可知，Jessica前面所说的the little things，都是助理做的事情，而不是医生做的。
5．make/earn 考查固定搭配。make/earn money“挣钱”。
6．How 考查疑问副词。根据后文的一系列描述可知。
7．obviously 考查副词。修饰动词take用副词形式。
8．an 考查冠词。注意这里是填an不是a。
9．own 考查限定词。your own意为“你自己的”。
10．wishes 考查固定用法。句意：祝你早日成为一名医生助手。best wishes为固定搭配。
课件42张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 必修4(十二省区) Working the landUnit 2Section Ⅱ Learning about Language Unit 2观察思考
用所给词的适当形式填空，并说明其在句中充当的成分。
①Since then, ________ (find)ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.( )
②As a young man, he saw the great need for ________(increase) the rice output.( )
③Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without ________(expand)the area of the fields.( )④However, he doesn't care about ________(be) famous.( )
⑤He enjoys ________(listen) to violin music, ________(play) mah-jong，swimming and reading.( )
⑥________(spend) money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.( )
⑦Just ________(dream) for things, however, costs nothing.( )
⑧He awoke from his dream with the hope of ________(produce) a kind of rice that could feed more people.( )
答案：①finding；主语 ②increasing；介词的宾语 ③expanding；介词的宾语 ④being；介词的宾语 ⑤listening；playing；宾语 ⑥Spending；主语 ⑦dreaming；主语
⑧producing；介词的宾语
一、基础点拨
(一)动词-ing形式在句子中可以作主语、定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语1.动词-ing形式在时态上分为一般式和完成式。
一般式表示动词-ing的动作和谓语动词的动作同时进行如下面例①；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作如下面例②。
①She enjoys playing the piano.
她喜欢弹钢琴。
②He was praised for having done a good deed.
他因做了好事而受到表扬。2．动词-ing形式在语态上分为主动式和被动式。
主动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词的动作执行者，如下面例①；被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词的动作承受者，如下面例②。
①He insisted on sending her to hospital.
他坚持要把她送到医院去。
②He insisted on being sent to work in the countryside.
他坚持要被派到乡下去工作。
(二)动词-ing的形式作主语
1．动词-ing形式作主语时，多表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词多用单数形式。
*Laughing often will benefit you a lot.笑口常开好处多多。
*Having lived abroad for a long time makes him homesick.
在国外生活了很久令他想家。
名师点拨
意义不同的两个动词-ing形式并列作主语时，谓语动词需用复数形式。
Writing and reading are her two hobbies.
写文章及读书是她的两个爱好。2．形式主语it代替动词-ing形式作主语的常见结构：
(1)It is＋adj.＋doing sth.
It is/feels funny doing sth.做某事(感觉)很滑稽
It is useless doing sth.做某事无用
It's worthwhile doing sth.做某事是值得的
(2)It is a waste of＋n.＋doing sth.
It's a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间
(3)It is no＋n.＋doing sth.
It's no good/no use/no fun doing sth.
做某事没好处/没用/没意思 (4)There be＋no＋doing(joking/knowing...)
*It is useless making such efforts.
做这样的努力是没用的。
*It is a waste of time doing such work.
做这样的工作是浪费时间。
*It is no good saying such words.
说那样的话没有好处。
*There is no knowing how the project will be carried out.
不知道这个工程将如何实施。 (三)动词-ing形式作宾语
1．在admit，avoid，consider(考虑)，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，mind，miss，practise，suggest，delay，appreciate等动词之后只能用动词-ing形式作宾语，不能用不定式。
*He finally admitted having made such a mistake.
他终于承认犯了那样的错误。
*The little girl practises playing the piano every day.
这个小女孩每天练习弹钢琴。2．在动词短语give up，put off，get to(着手)，object to，look forward to，devote oneself to，can't help(禁不住)，can't bear/stand等之后用动词-ing形式作宾语。
*I'm looking forward to hearing from you.
我盼望着收到你的来信。
*He devotes himself to looking into the natter.
他致力于调查这件事。巧学助记
接动词-ing作宾语的及物动词(短语)
建议考虑坚持练(suggest，advise，consider，insist on, practise)
允许想象弃冒险(permit，allow，imagine，give up，risk)
阻止抵抗否逃脱(prevent，resist，deny，escape)
不禁介意保持完(can't help，mind，keep，finish)
耽误推迟求原谅(delay，put off，require，forgive，excuse)
承认错过欣喜欢(admit，miss，appreciate，enjoy)
二、难点突破
(一)某些动词及动词短语后面既可以用不定式也可以用动词-ing作宾语
1．动词begin，start，continue等后既可跟不定式，又可跟动词-ing作宾语，意义基本相同。
*They continued reading/to read.他们继续朗读。
2．动词love，like，hate等后可跟动词-ing和不定式作宾语，但接动名词表示经常性的情况，接不定式表示具体的动作。
*I hate walking in such a rainy day.(习惯)
我不喜欢在这样的雨天里散步。
*I hate to trouble you.(动作)
我真不愿麻烦你。
3．一些动词后既可跟动词-ing作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语，但意义有很大差别。知识拓展
go on doing sth.继续干同一件事
go on to do sth.接着干另一件事
forget doing sth.忘记干过某事
forget to do sth.忘记要干某事
try doing sth.试着做某事
try to do sth.努力干某事
remember doing sth.记得干过某事
remember to do sth.记住要干某事
regret doing sth.后悔干了某事regret to do sth.很遗憾要做某事
mean to do sth.打算做某事
mean doing sth.意味着做某事
*I remembered locking the door.(记着事情做了)
我记着锁门了。
*When you leave the house, please remember to lock the door.(记着去做)
你离开家时，记着锁门。4．在need，want，require，demand后用动词-ing的主动形式表示被动(need/want/require/demand doing＝need/want/require/demand to be done)。
*The cottage needs repairing.＝The cottage needs to be repaired.
这所农舍需要修理。
*The letter demands answering at once.
＝The letter demands to be answered at once.
需要立刻回复这封信。 (二)动词-ing形式作宾语时，省掉介词的常见结构
spend...(in) doing花费……做某事
have difficulty/trouble(in) doing...做……有困难/麻烦
stop/prevent...(from) doing阻止……做某事
waste time(in) doing浪费时间做某事
be busy(in) doing忙于做某事
have a good/hard time(in) doing做某事高兴/费了很大劲
*He is usually busy managing his shop.
他通常忙于经营商店。
(三)动词-ing的复合结构
1．动词-ing的复合结构作主语。
*His being late again made his boss very angry.
他的又一次迟到令他的老板很生气。
*Mary's winning the game made her parents proud of her.
玛丽赢得这场比赛让她的父母以她为傲。
名师点拨
动词-ing的复合结构作主语时的两种形式
(1)形容词性物主代词＋动词-ing。
(2)名词(有生命的名词)'s所有格＋动词-ing。
2．动名词的复合结构作宾语。
*He made an apology for his/him telling lies to the public.
他因向公众撒谎而道歉。
*Outside the classroom, we could hear the noise of the desks being opened and closed.
在教室外，我们能够听到课桌被打开及关闭的声音。名师点拨
动词-ing的复合结构作宾语时的四种形式
(1)形容词性物主代词＋动词-ing。
(2)代词宾格＋动词-ing。
(3)名词＋动词-ing。
(4)名词(有生命的名词)'s＋动词-ing。
*The chairman of the meeting was angry at John's/John being absent from the meeting.
会议主席因约翰的缺席而生气。
名师点拨
(1)动词-ing形式的否定形式，not置于动词-ing形式结构之前，即：not doing...
(2)动词-ing的复合结构的否定形式为：形容词性物主代词/宾格/名词/名词所有格＋not doing...
(3)动词-ing的复合结构中的“形容词性物主代词/宾格/名词”与动词-ing之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系
*Jerry's not arriving on time made people present angry.
杰里未能按时到达令在场的人很生气。
*Not knowing what has happened to his daughter makes the father upset.
不知道女儿发生了什么使得这位父亲很是不安。语法单项填空
1．(2012·安徽改编)I remembered ________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.
答案：to lock 句意：在离开办公室之前我记着要去关门，但是我忘了去关灯。remember to do sth.记着去做某事；remember doing /having done sth.记着做了某事。
2．(2012·湖南改编)We've had a good start, but next, more work needs________(do) to achieve the final success.
答案：doing/to be done need doing＝need to be done。3．________(take) a walk in the morning in the countryside is can celing good for one's health.
答案：Taking “________ in the morning in the countryside”在整个句子中作主语；作主语应使用动名词或不定式短语；动名词作主语，表示经常性，习惯性的动作，动词不定式表示一次性，具体性的动作。句意为“早上在乡间散步对一个人的身体健康有好处”。
4．It is no good ________(complain) all the time.
答案：complaining “It is no good...”结构中后面用动名词作真正的主语。句意为“一直抱怨没有好处”。5．I could see that there was no point ________(argue) with him.
答案：(in) arguing there is no sense/point (in) doing...“做……没有什么意义”，在这一句型中用动名词形式。句意为“我明白与他争论没有什么意义”。
6．Seeing the funny scene, I can't help ________(laugh)．
答案：laughing can't help doing...“禁不住做某事”；can't help (to) do“不能帮助做某事”。句意为“看到这可笑的场面，我禁不住笑了”。7．—What do you think of the book?
—Oh, excellent. It's worth ________(read) a second time.
答案：reading be worth后跟动名词的主动形式作宾语。句意：“——你觉得这本书怎么样？——噢，太好了，值得再读一遍。”
8．There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means ________(make) trouble.
答案：to make mean to do sth.“想要做某事”；mean doing sth.“意味着做某事”。句意为“接待处有一个人似乎很生气，我想他是想找麻烦”。
9．The meeting room needs ________(clean), but it'll have to wait until Tuesday.
答案：cleaning/to be cleaned 当主语是物，谓语动词是need，want，require表示“需要”时，后接动名词的一般式或动词不定式的被动式作宾语。句意为“会议室需要清理了，但是不得不等到周二”。10．Though a heavy rain is on the way, people are still looking forward to not________(cancel) the outdoor concert by Wang Fei.
答案：canceling look forward to“期望”，to为介词，后面接动名词；句意为“尽管一场大雨快来了，可人们依然期望不要取消王菲兴办的室外演唱会”。
11．His not________(get) to the station on time made everyone worried last week.
答案：getting 句意为“上周他没有准时到达车站使每个人都很担心”。12．I still remember________(take) to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.
答案：being taken 此处非谓语动词作remember的宾语，而remember后非谓语动词作宾语时，用v-ing形式，并且 take与逻辑主语是被动关系，因此用v-ing的被动式。
13．Something as simple as________(drink) some cold water may clear your mind and relieve pressure.
答案：drinking 句意：诸如喝凉水这般简单的事物可以使心境清宁，解除压力。本题考查动名词短语担任介词as的宾语。
14．I hear they've promoted Tom, but he didn't mention______(promote) when we talked on the phone.
答案：having been promoted 句意为“我听说他们给汤姆升了职。但是我们通电话的时候，他并未提到被升职之事。”“提及某事”应在mention后接动名词，被升职发生在“未提到”之前，因此应用动名词的被动完成式。
15．—Summer vacation is approaching. Have you decided how to spend it?
—Well, I consider________(attend) an English training centre to improve my spoken English.
答案：attending 考查非谓语动词。答语句意：我打算参加英语培训课程以提高我的英语口语水平。consider作“考虑，打算”讲时，后接doing作宾语。Unit 2 Section Ⅲ
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We are doing a ________________(化学的)experiment.
2．My only ________________(遗憾) is that I have missed the chance to go abroad for further education.
3．They asked so many questions that they ________________(使迷惑) me.
4．Thousands of men were employed for car ________________(生产)．
5．A balanced diet provides ________________(营养) for your body.
6．New scientific ________________(发现) are being made every day.
7．I finally got to the ________________(根源) of the problem.
8．He ________________(评论) that it was an excellent film.
答案：1.chemical 2.regret 3.confused 4.production 5.nutrition 6.discoveries 7.tool 8.commented
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．慢慢地，院子里的地面上积起了一层厚厚的雪。
Slowly a lot of snow ________________ on the ground's surface in the yard.
2．过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病。
Too much work and too little rest often ________________________.
3．汤姆，请集中注意力听老师讲课。
Tom, please ________________________________ listening to the teacher.
4．你们最好让这个地区免受空气污染。
You'd better ________ this area ________________ air pollution.
5．这件裙子太贵了，你能把价格减少到三分之一吗？
The dress is too expensive. Can you ________________________________ a third?
答案：1.builds up 2.lead to illness 3.focus your attention on 4.keep；free of 5.reduce the price to
Ⅲ.语法单项填空
1．I regret ________(say) those words to her, because I really hurt her feelings.
答案：saying 句意：我后悔对她说那些话，因为我真的伤害了她的感情。regret to do sth.意为“很遗憾要做某事(还没有做)”；regret doing sth.意为“后悔做过某事(已经做了)”。
2．The good result lies ________ the correct methods, that is to say, correct methods lead ________ good result.
答案：in; to 句意：好的结果在于正确的方法，也就是说，正确的方法产生好的结果。第一个空考查lie in“在于”；第二个空考查lead to“导致”。
3．As some of these actors could not sing well enough, they had to rely ________ other musicians to help them.
答案：on 句意：由于这些演员唱得不足够好，他们只好依赖别的音乐家来帮助他们。rely on依赖，依靠。
4．At school, the students usually run every morning to build________ their strength.
答案：up 句意：学生在校通常每天早晨跑步来增强体质。build up逐渐增强。
5．Daily expense ________(reduce) to the normal level last May, and by that time the government had already taken measures to bring down the price of food.
答案：was reduced 句意：去年5月，日常开销被减少到了正常水平，到那时，政府已经采取了措施来降低食品价格。be reduced to被减少到，句中有表过去的时间状语last May，故用一般过去时。
6．Famous experts are often invited to CCTV to comment________ international situations.
答案：on/about 句意：中央电视台经常邀请著名专家评论国际局势。comment意为“表达意见；作出评论”，常与on/about搭配，符合句意。
7．Eating well and good exercise keep you free ________ cold.
答案：from 句意：吃好锻炼好使你不感冒。keep sb.free of/from sth.意为“使……免除/摆脱……”。
8．From his ________(confuse) look, we could see that professor hadn't expected that we could raise such ________(confuse) questions to him.
答案：confused; confusing 句意：从这位教授的面容我们能看出，教授未料到我们能问如此令人困惑的问题。修饰人或人的look，expression等时都要用confused“感到迷惑的”；第二个空用confusing“令人迷惑的”，修饰物。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
LONDON (Reuters)—Organic fruit, delivered right to the doorstep. That is what Gabriel Gold prefers, and he is willing to pay for it. If this is not possible, the 26-year-old computer technician will spend the extra money at the supermarket buying organic food.
“Organic product is always better，” Gold said. “The food is free of pesticides(杀虫剂), and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally grown and seasonal, so it is tasty.” Gold is one of the growing number of shoppers buying into the_organic_trend,_and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business. But how many shoppers really know what they are getting, and why are they willing to pay a higher price for organic product? Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferences—but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete. For example, small amounts of pesticides can be used on organic product. And about three quarters of organic food in Britain is not local but imported to meet growing demand. “The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year, so it is a very fast-growing market，” said Sue Flock, a specialist in this line of business.
文章大意：有机农产品不用农药，更环保，更健康。尽管价格稍高，但受到人们青睐。
1．More and more people in Britain are buying organic food because ________.
A．they are getting richer
B．they can get the food anywhere
C．they consider the food free of pollution
D．they like home-grown fruit
答案：C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Organic product is always better ... The food is free of pesticides...”可知，有机农产品不用农药，没有污染。
2．Which of the following statements is TRUE about most organic product sold in Britain?
A．It grows indoors all year round.
B．It is produced outside Britain.
C．It is grown on family farms.
D．It is produced on large farms.
答案：B 细节理解题。此题考查审题的缜密性。本题的题眼在“most”一词。根据第二段中的“And about three quarters of organic food in Britain is not local but imported to meet growing demand.”可知，英国本地生产有机农产品，但是四分之三的有机农产品是从国外进口的。据此选B。
3．What is the meaning of the underlined words “the organic trend” in the second paragraph?
A．Growing interest in organic food.
B．Better quality of organic food.
C．Rising market for organic food.
D．Higher prices of organic food.
答案：A 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Gold is one of the growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend...”可知，越来越多的人购买有机农产品，结果成了一种潮流。故选A。
4．What is the best title for this news story?
A．Organic food—healthy, or just for the wealthy?
B．The making of organic food in Britain
C．Organic food—to import or not?
D．Good qualities of organic food
答案：A 主旨大意题。综观全文可知，有机农产品不用农药，更环保，更健康。在英国，四分之三的有机农产品是从国外进口的，价格稍高一点，但是购买的人还是越来越多。B项、C项和D项都是片面的。
Ⅴ.完形填空
(2014·江苏)Dale Carnegie rose from the unknown of a Missouri farm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need.
It was a need that he first __1__ back in 1906 when young Dale was a junior at State Teachers College in Warrensburg. To get an __2__， he was struggling against many difficulties. His family was poor. His Dad couldn't afford the __3__ at college, so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes. Study had to be done __4__ his farm-work routines. He withdrew from many school activities __5__ he didn't have the time or the __6__. He had only one good suit. He tried __7__ the football team, but the coach turned him down for being too __8__. During this period Dale was slowly __9__ an inferiority complex (自卑感), which his mother knew could __10__ him from achieving his real potential. She __11__ that Dale join the debating team, believing that __12__ in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.
Dale took his mother's advice, tried desperately and after several attempts __13__ made it. This proved to be a __14__ point in his life. Speaking before groups did help him gain the __15__ he needed. By the time Dale was a senior, he had won every top honor in __16__. Now other students were coming to him for coaching and they, __17__， were winning contests.
Out of this early struggle to __18__ his feelings of inferiority, Dale came to understand that the ability to __19__ an idea to an audience builds a person's confidence. And, __20__ it, Dale knew he could do anything he wanted to do—and so could others.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了来自密苏里农场籍籍无名的戴尔·卡耐基如何克服困难，获得信心，最终成为一位国际名人。
1．A.admitted B．filled
C．supplied D．recognized
答案：D 由上文提到他找到了一种满足全世界的人的需要的办法，因此，首先应该意识到需要。故选D项，recognize认出，意识到。“早在1906年他上初中时，他第一次意识到那是一种需要”。而admit承认；fill填满，满足；supply供应。皆不合句意。
2．A.assignment B．education
C．advantage D．instruction
答案：B 由下文可知，他努力克服困难受教育，故选B项。assignment作业，任务；advantage长处，好处；instruction指导，指示，教导。皆不合句意。
3．A.training B．board
C．teaching D．equipment
答案：B 由下文“戴尔不得不骑马12公里去上课”，可知是父亲支付不起大学的膳食费。board 伙食，膳食，符合句意。而培训、教学，仪器费不是骑马就能解决的，故可排除。
4．A.between B．during
C．over D．through
答案：A “学习不得不在他做农活的间隙里进行”，between在……之间，符合句意。during，over，through在……期间，指伴随着同时进行，那是不恰当的，不能一边做农活一边学习。
5．A.while B．when
C．because D．though
答案：C “他退出学校的许多活动”与“他没有时间”之间是因果关系，故选C项。
6．A.permits B．interest
C．talent D．clothes
答案：D 由下文“他只有一身好衣服”可知他没有参加活动的衣服，故选D项。
7．A.on B．for
C．in D．with
答案：B 由下文“教练拒绝了他”可知他努力参加足球队，故选B项，try for争取参加，努力谋求。
8．A.light B．flexible
C．optimistic D．outgoing
答案：A light轻的；flexible灵活的；optimistic乐观的；outgoing外向的。对比四个选项，足球教练拒绝他只能是因为“他太轻了”。故选A项。
9．A.gaining B．achieving
C．developing D．obtaining
答案：C 他慢慢产生了不如人的自卑感。develop形成，产生，发展，符合句意。gain, achieve, obtain都是“获得”的意思，不合句意。
10．A.prevent B．protect
C．save D．free
答案：A which引导定语从句，修饰先行词an inferiority complex (自卑感)。他妈妈知道自卑感会阻止他获得真正的潜能。prevent sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事，故选A项。其它三项，尽管动词搭配正确，但与上下文意思不符。
11．A.suggested B．demanded
C．required D．insisted
答案：A 由下文Dale took his mother's advice，可知是“妈妈建议他参见学校辩论队。”故选A项。
12．A.presence B．practice
C．patience D．potential
答案：B 由下文的tried desperately他拼命努力，可知“他妈妈相信演讲方面的练习会让他得到他需要的自信和认可”，故选B项。presence出席，到场；potential潜力，潜能。皆不合句意。
13．A.hopefully B．certainly
C．finally D．naturally
答案：C 几次尝试之后，他最终成功了。由after可知，在此陈述事情发展的顺序，故选C项。
14．A.key B．breaking
C．basic D．turning
答案：D 这是他人生的转折点。a turning point转折点，拐点。
15．A.progress B．experience
C．competence D．confidence
答案：D 由上文believing that __12__ in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.可知，在人群之前演讲的确帮他获得了他需要的自信，故选D项。
16．A.horse-riding B．football
C．speech D．farming
答案：C 由上文所介绍的发展趋势可知，“到他上高中时，他已获得了演讲方面的所有顶级荣誉”，故选C项。
17．A.in return B．in brief
C．in turn D．in fact
答案：C 现在，其他的学生来请求他的指导，他们，依次，也赢得了竞赛。in turn轮流，依次，反过来，符合句意。in return作为回报，作为报答；in brief简单说来；in fact事实上。皆不合句意。
18．A.convey B．overcome
C．understand D．build
答案：B 由上文可知，他努力克服自卑感，overcome克服，符合句意。convey传达，表达；understand明白，理解；build建立，树立。皆不合句意。
19．A.express B．stress
C．contribute D．repeat
答案：A 把想法表达给听众的能力(即演讲)建立了人的自信。express表达，符合句意。而stress强调；contribute贡献；repeat重复。皆不合句意。
20．A.besides B．beyond
C．like D．with
答案：D 有了自信，他能做他想要做的任何事情。with有，带着，符合句意。
Ⅵ.短文改错
Nowadays many graduate are looking forward to get employment in big cities, not willing to work in the countryside. Unfortunately, there are enough chances to satisfy most of the job hunter in big cities, while in the countryside talented people are bad needed but a lot of posts are waiting for you. You can put your abilities to good use and you will able to make greater contributions of building a modern countryside. Therefore, I believe in you can have as bright a future in the countryside as we will have in the cities.
答案：
Nowadays many are looking forward to employment in big cities, not willing to work in the countryside. Unfortunately, there are enough chances to satisfy most of the job in big cities, while in the countryside talented people are needed a lot of posts are waiting for you. You can put your abilities to good use and you will able to make greater contributions building a modern countryside. Therefore, I believe you can have as bright a future in the countryside as will have in the cities.
课件70张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 必修4(十二省区) Working the landUnit 2Section Ⅲ Using Language Unit 2Ⅰ.单词速记
1．________(n.)营养；滋养；食物
2．________(vt.)画底线标出；强调
3．________(n.)总结； 摘要；强调
4．________(n.)评论；议论(vi.&vt.)表达意见；作出评论
5．________(vt.)使迷惑；使为难→confusing(adj.)令人迷惑的→confused(adj.)感到迷惑的→confusion(n.)迷惑
6．________(vt.)遗憾；惋惜(n.)遗憾；懊悔→regretful(adj.)后悔的nutritionunderlinesummarycommentconfuseregret
7．________(adj.)化学的；关于化学的→chemistry(n.)化学
8．________(n.)生产；制造→produce(v.)生产
9．discover(vt.)发现→________(n.)发现；发觉
10．________(vt.)减少；减缩→reduction(n.)减少chemicalproductiondiscoveryreduceⅡ.短语互译
1．对……造成损害 ________________
2．洗掉 ___________
3．逐渐增强；建立；开发 __________
4．导致；造成(后果) __________
5．turn to ________
6．focus on ________________________
7．keep... free from/of... ________________________
8．prevent... from... ________________cause damage towash offbuild uplead to转向集中(注意力、精力等)于使……免受(影响，伤害
等)；使……不含(有害物)阻止……做……Ⅲ.完成句子
1．在过去的50年里，在农业中使用化肥已很普及。
Over the past half century, ____________________________
has become very common in farming.(动词-ing形式作主语)
2．他们专心于使土壤肥沃并且无病害。
They focus on ______________________________________
___________________________.(keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
3．他们觉得这可以让地里的土壤更富含矿物质，从而变得更肥沃。
They feel that this ___________________________________
__________________________.(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语)4．为了阻止风把土壤吹走或水把土壤冲走，使用有机耕作的农民们喜欢在作物之间种草并且把它留在地里成为下年作物的天然肥料。
Some organic farmers ________________________________
__________________________________________________________，and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year's crop.(prefer doing...喜欢做……；prevent...from doing...阻止……做……)
答案：1.using chemical fertilizers 2.keeping their soil rich and free of disease 3.makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile 4.prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil
Ⅳ.课文理解
Step 1 Fast Reading
Scan the passage and then choose the best answers according to the passage.
1．From the passage, we can see organic farmers are those who ________.
A．grow crops with chemical fertilizers
B．grow crops with natural fertilizers
C．produce organic fertilizers
D．care for the environment
2．From the fourth paragraph, we know that ________.
A．it's not good to plant grass between crops
B．peanuts use the surface of soil
C．peas and soybeans should be grown together with corn and wheat
D．vegetables that put down deep roots are harmful to the soil3．________ so that the soil may not get exhausted.
A．Farmers grow the same crops year after year
B．Farmers use natural fertilizers
C．Farmers change crops every few years
D．Farmers use chemical fertilizers
4．How many ways do the organic farmers have to keep their soil fertile and healthy?
A．3 B．4
C．5 D．6
Step 2 Carful Reading
1．Read the text and then answer the following questions.
(1)What is organic farming?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(2)What is the goal of using organic farming methods?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．Read the text and find out the main idea of each paragraph.A．Problems caused by chemical fertilizers.
B．Farmers and customers turn to organic
farming.
C．Long-term use of chemical fertilizers can
cause damage to the land and people's health.
D．Other methods to keep the soil fertile.答案：Step 1 1.B 2.B 3.C 4.B
Step 2 1.(1)Farming without using any chemicals. (2)To grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people's health. 2.CABD1.confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难
①It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students.
再次对此作出解释是很重要的，否则我们会让学生感到迷惑的。
②You must be confusing me with someone else.
你一定是把我和其他什么人搞混了。知识拓展
(1)confuse A with B 把A与B混淆
(2)confused adj.(人)不知所措的；困惑的
be confused about... 对……感到困惑
(3)confusing adj.(事/物)令人困惑的；难懂的
(4)confusion n．混乱；困惑
Most students are confused about the confusing problem.
很多学生对这个令人困惑的问题感到困惑。
活学活用
根据句意用confuse及其派生词的适当形式填空。
①She always ________ John with his twin brother.
她总是把约翰和他的孪生兄弟分不清楚。
②Someone has ________ all his papers on his desk, and he was annoyed with the ________.
有人把他桌上的文件弄乱了，他对这一片混乱感到恼怒。
③The situation is ________ to all of us.
形势使我们大家都感到迷惑了。
④They were ________ about the present situation.
他们对当前的形势感到困惑。
答案：①confuses ②confused; confusion ③confusing ④confused
2．regret
(1)vt.遗憾；惋惜
①A man without a long head would regret what he has done.
无远见的人将后悔自己所做的事。
②I have regretted having left the work unfinished.
这件工作我没有做完，感到有些遗憾。
(2)n.遗憾；懊悔
I declined with much regret your kind invitation.
很遗憾，我不能接受您的盛情邀请。知识拓展
(1)regret having done/doing sth.后悔做了某事
regret to say/tell/inform... that遗憾地说(告知)……
regret that＋从句 遗憾……
(2)to one's regret让某人感到遗憾的是
with great/deep regret很遗憾
We regret to inform you that we cannot help you.
我们很遗憾地通知您，我们无法帮助您。活学活用
完成句子。
①非常遗憾，我没有同他们一起去。
________________， I didn't go with them.
②我们婉拒了他们的帮助。
We refused their help ________________.
③他后悔那么早就离开家里。
He regretted _______________________________________.
答案：①Much to my regret ②with regret ③leaving home so early/that he had left home so early/having left home so early3．focus
(1)n.焦点；中心点
①I'm so tired that I can't focus_on anything today.
今天我太累了，精神集中不起来。
②If you focus bright sunlight on dry wood with a glass, it will start burning.
假如你用镜子将强烈的阳光聚焦于干燥的木头上，它便会燃烧起来。
(2)vt.集中；聚焦
She always wants to be the focus of attention.
她老想成为人们注意的中心。知识拓展
(1)focus on集中(注意力、精力等)于
focus one's attention/one's thoughts/one's minds/one's eyes on...集中注意力/精力/思想于……/眼睛注视着……
(2)bring/throw sth. into focus使集中在焦点上；使清楚起来；使明朗化；使突出
come into focus(某物)轮廓明显，清晰；(问题)突出
in focus焦距对准；清晰
out of focus焦距没对准；模糊
the focus of attention关注的焦点
Please focus your minds on the following problems.
请集中精力思考下列问题。活学活用
翻译句子。
①The coffee shop is the focus of social life in French.
__________________________________________________
完成句子。
②All our eyes ____________________________ the speaker.
大家的目光都集中在发言人身上。
③_______________________________________ those trees.
把照相机的焦点集中在那些树上。
答案：①在法国，咖啡馆是社交生活的中心。 ②were focused on ③Focus your camera on4．reduce vt.减少；减缩
①A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.
肥沃的土壤减少了病害并且有助于农作物的茁壮成长。
②Green is such a restful color that it has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically.
绿色是让人感到安静的颜色，它能够减轻疼痛，让人们在身体和精神上得到放松。
③She reduced her weight by five kilograms.
她把体重减轻了5千克。知识拓展
(1)reduce sth. by...把……减少了……
reduce sth. to...把某物降到……
reduce the speed降低速度
(2)reduce...(from...) to sth.使……(从……)陷入某种状态或状况中
reduce a person to terror(tears, silence)使某人恐惧/流泪/沉默
(3)reduction n．减少；缩小
④Anxiety about the fate of his family reduced him to a nervous wreck.
对家人命运的担忧使他精神崩溃。活学活用
完成句子。
①The workforce has ________________________________.
劳动力已经减少了一半。
②The price of that type of color TV has__________________
_________________________________________1,000 yuan.
那种型号的彩电的价格已经下降到了一千元。
③He ___________________________ nothing but a skeleton.
他瘦成一把骨头了。
答案：①been reduced by half ②been reduced to ③was reduced to5．comment
(1)n.评论；议论
Swap summaries with your partner and give each other comments.
与你的搭档交换课文概要，然后相互作出评论。
(2)vi.&vt.表达意见；作出评论
He commented that he thought it was time for us to go home.
他发表意见说我们回家的时间到了。知识拓展
(1)make comments on/about...对……加以评论
No comment！无可奉告！
offer comments提意见
(2)comment on/upon sth.对……发表评论
comment that...评论说……
Sorry, no comment！对不起，无可奉告！活学活用
完成句子。
①She ___________________________________________ my work.(comment n．)
她对我的工作提出了有益的意见。
②He _____________________________________________ what I said.(comment v．)
他对我的话未作评论。一句多译。
③许多国家对这次卫星发射失败(the failed satellite launch)发表评论。
a．Many countries __________________________________
_____________________________________.(comment v．)
b．Many countries __________________________________
_____________________________________.(comment n．)
答案：①made helpful comments on ②did not comment on ③commented on/upon the failed satellite launch; made comments on/about the failed satellite launch6.build up
(1)增加；积聚
①Traffic is building up along the road to the coast.
通往海边的道路上的车辆在不断增加。
②Taking exercise will build up your strength.
锻炼可以增强你的体力。(2)逐渐获得，建立
①He has built up a good business/reputation.
他已经使他的生意兴隆起来/他已经获得了好的名声。
②He's built up the family firm into an multinational company.
他把家族公司发展成为一家跨国大公司。
(3)盖满了房屋
The district has been built up since I was last there.
该区自从我上次去过以后已经盖满房屋。活学活用
写出下句各句中build up的意义。
①I'm very glad to see that your vocabulary is gradually building up.( )
②He devoted himself to building_up the ruined country.( )
③In view of the present situation, we have to build_up our other industries.( )
答案：①逐渐增多 ②建立 ③开发语法填空。
④Practising Chinese kung fu can not only build ______one's strength, but also develop one's character.
答案：up build up“增强”。句意：练习中国功夫不仅可以增强体质还可以磨炼意志。
⑤Taking some exercise every day will build________ your health.
答案：up build up“逐渐增强，建立，开发”。句意为“每天进行体育锻炼会增强你的健康”。
⑥(2013·浙江，17改编)Bears build ________ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.
答案：up 句意：狗熊在夏天和秋天开始脂肪的储存以使他们有足够的能量来度过冬眠。build up逐步建立。7．lead to
(1)导致，造成(后果)
①Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.
这些化学物质中很多会引起癌症或其他疾病。
②His laziness led to his failing in the last exam.
他的懒惰令他期末考试不及格。
(2)通往……
All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。
名师点拨
lead to用法小贴士
lead to中的to是介词，后应该接名词或动名词作宾语。含义同result in/bring about，意为“导致”。
知识拓展
lead a．.. life过……样的生活
lead...to/into...把……领到/领进……
lead the way引路；带路
The secretary finally led us into the office of his boss.
秘书终于领我们进了他老板的办公室。
活学活用
完成句子。
①He ________________， and________________ a village of Tibet. There we found the local people ____________________.
他带路，把我们领到了西藏的一个小村庄。在那里，我们发现当地人过着幸福的生活。
答案：led the way; led us to; led/leading a happy life语法填空。
②Look over there—there's a very long, winding path ________(lead) up to the house.
答案：leading 句意：看那儿——有一条长长的弯曲的小径通往那座房子。lead to通往，用其非谓语形式作后置定语。
③His friends gave away some information，which led to his ________(arrest)．
答案：being arrested 句意为“他朋友泄露出一些信息，这导致他被逮捕”。lead to“导致”，to为介词，后接动名词，此处考查动名词复合结构的被动形式。
8．keep... free from/of使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)
This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free_from chemicals.
这还有助于空气、土壤、水和农作物免受化学物质的污染。知识拓展
keep sb./sth. from doing＝prevent/stop sb./sth. from doing阻止某人干某事/防止某事发生
keep sth. from sb.不想将某事告诉某人；将某事瞒着某人
①I just managed to keep myself from falling down.
我努力不让自己摔倒。
②She knew that he was keeping something from her.
她知道他有事瞒着她。活学活用
①You'd better _____________________________________.
你们最好让这个地区免受空气污染。
②His illness _______________________________________ his work.
疾病阻止了他继续工作。
③We shouldn't _____________________________________.
我们不应该向她隐瞒任何事情。
答案：①keep this area free of air pollution ②kept him from continuing ③keep anything from her
9.They fell that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile.
他们觉得这可以让地里的土壤更富含矿物质，从而变得更肥沃。句式分析
(1)此句为主从复合句。
(2)句中“makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile”为make＋复合宾语。其中“richer in minerals and so more fertile”为宾语补足语。
(3)make＋宾语＋宾语补足语(n./adj./do/done)。
①He tried hard to make his future brighter.
他尽力使未来更光明。
②The boss usually makes his workers work extra hours.
老板通常让工人加班。活学活用
仿写句子。
①他们认为他们已把事情弄明白了。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
②他们觉得这让他们更加幸福快乐。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：①They feel that they have made everything clear.
②They feel that this makes them happier and more cheerful.
10．Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year's crop.
为了阻止风把土壤吹走或水把土壤冲走，使用有机耕作的农民们喜欢在作物之间种草并且把它留在地里成为下年作物的天然肥料。句式分析
(1)此句为复杂的简单句。
(2)句中谓语为prefer，其后面跟并列宾语“planting grass...”及“leaving it...”。
(3)“to prevent...”及“to become...”为目的状语。
①He prefers walking along the river in the morning.
他喜欢在早上沿河散步。
②He got up early to catch the early bus.
他早早起床来赶早班车。活学活用
仿写句子
①他们喜欢欣赏美丽的大自然来放松身心。
They ____________________________ the beautiful nature ________________.
②她喜欢读英文书来逐渐增加词汇量。
She ________________ English books________________.
答案：①prefer enjoying; to relax their bodies and mind ②prefers reading; to build up her vocabularies11．Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.
像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜种植要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。
句式分析
本句为一个复合句，making至句尾部分为现在分词作状语表示一种自然而然的结果；that need rich and fertile soil为定语从句。知识拓展
现在分词作结果状语时，表示一个自然而然的结果；不定式在句中作结果状语时常与only连用，表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果。
①More and more trees and flowers have been planted in our school, making it as beautiful as a garden.
我们学校里树木花草栽得越来越多，使学校像花园一样。
②The plate dropped from her hands, breaking into pieces.
盘子从她手中掉了下来，成了碎片。
③He hurried to school, only to be told there was no class.
他匆匆赶到学校，结果却被告知当天没课。
④He lifted a stone only to drop it on his own feet.
他搬起石头，却砸了自己的脚。
名师点拨
现在分词作结果状语表示一种很自然，意料之中的结果，动词不定式常与only连用作结果状语表示意料之外的结果。活学活用
语法填空。
①The return of snow and freezing weather in the south blocked about 14,000 km of roads, ________(delay) more than 12,000 passengers on Sunday alone.
答案：delaying “________ more than 12,000 passengers on Sunday alone.”作结果状语，与主语“The return of snow and freezing weather”是主谓关系，没有时间先后关系，仅仅说明了主语造成的一种很自然之中的结果。句意为“南方的大雪及冰冷天气的再次出现使大约14,000千米的公路受阻，仅仅星期天一天就有12,000多名乘客因此而耽搁了行程”。
②European football is played in 80 countries，________(make) it the most popular sport in the world.
答案：making 句意：有80多个国家踢欧式足球，使足球成为全球最流行的运动。现在分词作结果状语，表示一个自然而然的结果。
Ⅰ.语法单项填空
1．This is a ________(confuse) problem, which made her ________(confuse)．
答案：confusing; confused 句意：这是一个令人困惑的问题，这令她困惑不已。confused困惑的；迷惑不解的；被弄糊涂的，表示人的内心感受；confusing使人困惑的；令人迷惑的；使人混乱的，表示事物的状态。
2．—Now that you didn't agree with him，why didn't you speak it out at the meeting?
—Well，now I regret not________(do) that.
答案：doing 考查regret的用法。句意：——既然你不同意他的话，为什么不在会议上说出来呢？——噢，现在我后悔没那样做了。regret not后接动名词作宾语表示“后悔没做某事”。3．The wide use of the Internet has already led to all kinds of information ________(share) all over the world.
答案：being shared 句意：网络的广泛使用使得各种信息在世界范围内分享。短语lead to中的to为介词，所以all kinds of information的宾语补足语应用动词-ing形式；share与information之间是被动关系。
4．With the pressure ________(build) up, she had to leave her work for a while because she couldn't stand it anymore.
答案：building 句意：随着压力的增加，她只好离开工作一段时间，因为她再也忍受不了了。5．She usually focuses all her energy ________ her children and she seems to have little time for anything else.
答案：on 句意：她通常把所有的精力都倾注在她孩子身上，几乎没有时间关注其他的事情。focus与介词on或upon连用，意为“集中(注意力、精力等)于”。
6．The professor is making some comments________ the current economy, which refers to the flat-selling and share market.
答案：about/on 句意：这位教授正在对目前的涉及楼市和股市的经济作一些评论。make comments about/on对……作出评价。7．The farmers are working hard to keep their crops ________ from being destroyed by pests.
答案：free 句意：农民正在努力工作保护庄稼免遭害虫的破坏。keep... free from...使……免遭……侵害。
8．Our teacher insisted that the key words worth paying attention to________(underline) before class.
答案：(should) be underlined 考查虚拟语气。分析句子结构可知，worth paying attention to作the key words的后置定语；insist表示“坚持主张”时，其宾语从句使用虚拟语气，谓语动词使用(should) do，因此该从句谓语为(should)be underlined。Ⅱ.完成句子
1．There is so much different information about it in the newspaper that people __________________________ it.(confuse)
报纸中有太多关于它的信息了，人们都被这些信息弄糊涂了。
2．She put a cover on the table ___________________.(keep)
她盖上了桌子，使它远离灰尘。
3．He ______________________________________.(prefer)
比起看电视，他更喜欢踢足球。4．She has___________________________________.(build)
她渐渐地树立了信心。
5．The discussion ___________________________________
_______________ three main problems.(focus)
讨论集中在三个主要问题上。
6．The path __________________________________.(lead)
这条小径通向那个小村庄。
7．The king refuses _____________________.(comment v．)
国王拒绝评论竞选结果。8．You ___________________________________________ you have missed the wonderful party.(regret)
你会后悔错过了这场精彩的聚会。
9．He used some simple words to replace the difficult ones，
____________________________________________.(make)
他用简单的单词来代替难的单词，使得这个句子理解起来更容易。
10．__________________________________________________________________ as it was approaching the airport.(reduce)
靠近机场时，飞机减速。
答案：1.are confused by 2.to keep it free from dirt 3.prefers playing football to watching TV 4.built up her confidence 5.focused on 6.leads to that small village 7.to comment on the election results 8.would regret that 9.making the sentence easier to understand 10.The plane reduced speedUnit 2 Section Ⅳ
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
I never really paid much attention to one particular flower until this year. The tulip (郁金香). Yes，it is beautiful. It is one of the first signs of spring. Still，I can't say that I have attempted to add it to our garden simply because it has such a short lifetime.
Tulips are suitable to be gifts. So, the few we have in and around our house have come from the gifts given to us or the ones I have chosen for my wife like this year. Because the weather warmed very early, I wanted to buy something “spring-like” to begin growing. I chose a small tulip already producing new leaves and gave it to my wife.
In a very short time it began growing. Because it was truly the first visible sign of spring for me，I paid more attention to it and I'm glad I did. Every morning it opened in response to the sun welcoming all that it had to offer. Every evening it closed. This went on without hesitation for days. Then one day I found it spread its flowers fully in the sunlight. I had never seen it in that way before. Out of curiosity I touched the flower and two leaves. I felt terrible. It was then that I realized that the flower had come to the end of its days. That was when I realized how much I had been missing by not paying more attention to the tulip.
Still，the most amazing part was that it really wasn't over yet. When I would see it as a gone-too-soon dead flower，it was already planning for a comeback. You see, the remaining leaves begin storing energy for future growth next year.
文章大意：本文讲述了作者对郁金香一步一步至完全的认识了解。
1．The author wouldn't add the tulip to their garden before because ________.
A．it was an expensive plant
B．it needed special care
C．it had a short lifetime
D．it took a lot of space
答案：C 细节理解题。根据第一段“... I can't say that I have attempted to add it to our garden simply because it has such a short lifetime.”可知，作者不愿在花园种郁金香主要是因为它的生命太短暂。
2．The author paid more attention to the tulips because ______.
A．they were more beautiful than other flowers
B．they were in flower earlier than other plants
C．the flowers smelt sweeter than others
D．they needed to be watered more times
答案：B 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，作者之所以关注郁金香，是因为它是春天到来的最早迹象。可以推断，郁金香开花要早于其他植物。
3．What is the feature of the tulip?
A．It opens in the day and closes at night.
B．It opens at night and closes in the day.
C．It opens both in the day and at night.
D．The time of its being open is long.
答案：A 细节理解题。根据第三段“Every morning it opened in response to the sun welcoming all that it had to offer. Every evening it closed.”可知，郁金香的特征是白天迎着太阳打开花瓣，晚上又将花瓣合上。
4．What does the tulip look like before the end of its life?
A．The flowers appear to be smaller and dead soon.
B．The dead leaves fall onto the floor.
C．The flowers become too dry to be touched.
D．The flowers spread to their fullest.
答案：D 细节理解题。根据第三段“Then one day I found it spread its flowers fully in the sunlight... It was then that I realized that the flower had come to the end of its days.”可知，郁金香在生命即将结束时花朵最为饱满。
B
Investing(投资) in agricultural research and development can help poor countries fight hunger and poverty. A new study says investments in sub-Saharan Africa increased by more than twenty percent between 2001 and 2008. However, the study also found that just a few countries were responsible for most of that growth. Nigeria was responsible for one-third of it. Ghana, Tanzania, Sudan and Uganda also increased their spending, but 13 countries reduced their investments.
Nienke Beintema from the Washington-based International Food Policy Research Institute led the study. She says new technologies are needed to deal with some of the causes of hunger. She said, “Changes in food price, growing population, water shortage and climate change create the demand for better technologies or different technologies to address these issues.” She says some countries, including Nigeria, have enhanced their investments after spending far too little in the past.
Nigeria now has the largest agricultural research system south of the Sahara. That is one measure of progress. But Nienke Beintema says a better measure is that a country spends more than one percent of its agricultural money on research. And in 2008, she says, Nigeria was not doing that. Botswana, Burundi, Kenya, Mauritania and Mauritius were spending more than one percent. So were Namibia, South Africa and Uganda.
Ms Bientema examined levels of financing and employment at 370 research centers in 32 countries. She believes most countries depend too heavily on international donations to help pay for research. Many donations are short-term, she says, and the research often ends when the money has been spent.
Ms Bientema says countries must improve their higher education systems to turn out more qualified researchers. But the study has found that new researchers are not being hired in some countries because of budget (预算) problems. At the same time, many older researchers are nearing retirement age.
文章大意：非洲很多国家在农业研究方面的投资还很少。
5．What is the main idea of this passage?
A．Poor African countries are looking for donations.
B．Many African countries are suffering from hunger and poverty.
C．Many African countries are not investing enough in agricultural research.
D．Poor African countries have no way to fight against hunger and poverty.
答案：C 主旨大意题。通读全文，可知文章虽然讲到了非洲一些国家增加了在农业研究方面的投资，但侧重点还是讲投资太少，故选C。
6．We can infer Nienke Beintema hopes that ________.
A．no international donations will be provided for African countries
B．more money will be spent in developing new technologies in Africa
C．some African countries will reduce investments in agri-cultural research
D．researchers will spend more time in finding the causes of hunger in Africa
答案：B 推理判断题。根据Nienke Beintema在第二段所说的“Changes in food price, growing population, water shortage and climate change create the demand for better technologies or different technologies to address these issues.”可推断她希望增加研发新技术的投资。
7．What does the underlined word “enhanced” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Changed. B．Increased.
C．Checked. D．Removed.
答案：B 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面“after spending far too little in the past”可知Nigeria以前在农业研究方面的投资很少，根据第一段的“Nigeria was responsible for one-third of it.”可知这个国家现在在这方面的投资很多，故可知Nigeria“增加”了在这方面的投资。
8．Which of the following countries might NOT spend enough money on agricultural research in 2008?
A．Botswana. B．Burundi.
C．Uganda. D．Nigeria.
答案：D 细节理解题。根据第三段的“But Nienke Beintema says a better measure is that a country spends more than one percent of its agricultural money on research. And in 2008，she says，Nigeria was not doing that.”可知应选D。
9．According to the last paragraph, why aren't new researchers hired?
A．Because they are not qualified.
B．Because they are too old to be hired.
C．Because the budget for researchers is limited.
D．Because there are already enough researchers.
答案：C 细节理解题。根据末段的“But the study has found that new researchers are not being hired in some countries because of budget problems.”可知是因为预算太少才没聘这些新的研究人员。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2014·荆州市高一期末)One evening, while I was resting in a café in a pair of newly bought white leather shoes, a boy came to me.
He was about eleven and in an old but clean shirt, which was obviously too large for him. No sooner had I begun to speak than he opened the __1__ in his hand and took out the tools of shoe-polishing. He __2__ down, took off my leather shoes, and began to shine them. He was busy doing his work __3__ heavy rain began to pour down. People rushed to the café for __4__ from the rain. More and more people crowded __5__ and gradually __6__ the boy from me.
Hours passed, and it turned __7__ . I had no shoes on my feet, and began to __8__ where the boy had been. I thought he would not __9__ my shoes, and I would have to go home on my bare feet(光脚)．When it was near midnight the __10__ stopped, and there were fewer and fewer people in the café. As the café was to be __11__， I had to move to the door, with my head __12__. __13__， I found that a boy of about eleven, looking very familiar, was sleeping at the __14__ with his head leaning against the wall and his upper body being __15__. He held a package wrapped by his shirt tightly in his arms. I shook him slightly and woke him up. He __16__ up and rubbed his eyes for a while before he recognized me. Then he opened the package __17__， gave me my leather shoes, and apologized to me shyly. I __18__ him and wrapped him with his __19__ shirt, which had wrapped my leather shoes. On my way home, the __20__ of the boy still stayed in my mind.
文章大意：本文通过一个小男孩为我擦皮鞋的故事，为读者勾勒出了一个诚实善良的小男孩的形象。
1. A. bag B．package
C. box D. suitcase
答案：C 名词辨析和上下文理解。A. bag包；B. package包裹； C. box盒； D. suitcase手提箱。根据with his head leaning against a box可知这里填box。所以选C。
2. A. seated B．bent
C. put D. turned
答案：B 动词辨析和上下文理解。A. seated使……就坐；B. bent弯腰；C. put放置；D. turned 转弯。根据He________down, took off my leather shoes, and began to shine them. 可知这里意思是他弯下腰。所以选B。
3. A. when B．after
C. because D. since
答案：A 连词辨析和上下文理解。A. when当……时候；B. after 在……后面；C. because因为；D. since自从。根据He was busy doing his work ________ heavy rain began to pour down.可知这里想说他忙于他的工作，就在那时，下起了大雨。所以选A。
4. A. protecting B．resting
C. hiding D. preparing
答案：C 动词辨析和上下文理解。A. protecting保护；B. resting休息；C. hiding 躲藏； D. preparing准备。根据People rushed to the café for ________ from the rain.可知这里意思是人们为了躲雨涌进了咖啡店。所以选C。
5. A. out B．away
C. in D. off
答案：C 副词辨析和上下文理解。A. out 外面；B. away离开； C. in 里面；D. off远离。根据More and more people crowded ________ and gradually separated the boy from me.可知这里意思是越来越多的人涌入咖啡店。crowd in是固定用法，意思是涌入，所以选C。
6. A. pushed B．stopped
C. guarded D. separated
答案：D 动词辨析和上下文理解。A. pushed推；B. stopped 停止；C. guarded保卫；D. separated 分离。根据More and more people crowded__35__可知我和男孩分开了，所以选D。
7. A. dark B．light
C. black D. bright
答案：A 形容词辨析和上下文理解。A. dark黑暗；B. light 光，灯；C. black 黑；D. bright 明亮的。根据When it was near midnight the ________stopped, and there were fewer and fewer people in the café.可知这里意思是天变黑了。所以选A。
8. A. ask B．wonder
C. watch D. talk
答案：B 动词辨析和上下文理解。A.ask问；B. wonder 想知道；C. watch观察；D. talk谈话。根据I had no shoes on my feet and ________ where the boy had been.可知这里意思是我想知道这个男孩在哪里。所以选B。
9. A. shine B．keep
C. return D. carry
答案：C 动词辨析和上下文理解。A. shine照耀；B. keep保持；C. return回来，归还；D. carry携带。根据I thought he would not ________my shoes, and I would have to go home on my bare feet.可知这里想说我认为他不会归还我的鞋了。所以选C。
10. A. rain B．coffee
C. time D. work
答案：A 名词辨析和上下文理解。 A. rain雨；B. coffee咖啡；C. time时间；D. work 工作。根据He was busy doing his work ________ heavy rain began to pour down.可知这里意思是接近午夜，雨停了。所以选A。
11. A. opened B．locked
C. stopped D. closed
答案：D 动词辨析和上下文理解。A. opened打开；B. locked锁上；C. stopped停止；D. closed关闭。根据When it was near midnight the________ stopped, and there were fewer and fewer people in the café. The café was to be ________ .可知这里意思是咖啡店要关门了。所以选D。
12. A. crashed B．dropped
C. raised D. held
答案：B 动词辨析和上下文理解。 A. crashed碰撞；B. dropped掉落，低下；C. raised提高； D. held举起。根据I had to move to the door, head ________. just as I went to the gate, I ________ found that a boy of about eleven, looking very familiar，可知这里意思是我低着头。所以选B。
13. A. Shortly B．Surprisedly
C. Sadly D. Immediately
答案：B 副词辨析和上下文理解。A. shortly很快地；B. surprisedly 令人惊讶地；C. sadly难过地； D. immediately立即。根据下文可知我本以为找不到小男孩了，却在门口看到了他，所以我很吃惊。所以选B。
14. A. table B．door
C. bed D. café
答案：B 名词辨析和上下文理解。A. table桌子；B. door门；C. bed床；D. café咖啡。根据was sleeping at the ________with his head leaning against a box可知他在门口睡着了。所以选B。
15. A. wet B．bare
C. pale D. cold
答案：B 形容词辨析和上下文理解。A. wet潮湿的；B. bare光秃秃的，赤裸的；C. pale苍白的； D. cold冷的。根据he held a package made of his shirt tightly in his arms. 可知他的上身赤裸着。所以选B。
16. A. stayed B．said
C. jumped D. got
答案：C 动词辨析和上下文理解。A. stayed逗留；B. said 说话；C. jumped跳；D. got得到。根据He ________ up and rubbed his eyes for a while before he recognized me.可知这里意思是他跳起来。所以选C。
17. A. finally B．suddenly
C. unfriendly D. hurriedly
答案：D 副词辨析和上下文理解。A. finally最后地；B. suddenly突然地；C. unfriendly 不友好地；D. hurriedly匆忙地。根据Then he opened the package ________ , gave me my leather shoes, and apologized to me shyly.可知这里意思是他匆忙打开了小包裹。所以选D。
18. A. recognized B．forgave
C. appreciated D. inspired
答案：B 动词辨析和上下文理解。A. recognized认识，识别；B. forgave原谅；C.appreciated欣赏，感激；D. inspired激励。根据上文的句子：gave me my leather shoes, and apologized to me shyly可知我原谅了他，所以选B。
19. A. dirty B．new
C. small D. unfit
答案：D 形容词辨析和上下文理解。A. dirty 脏的；B. new 新的；C. small小的；D. unfit不适合的。根据上文He was about eleven and in an old but clean shirt, which was obviously too large for him.可知男孩的衬衫太大了。所以选D。
20. A. feature B. shirt
C. image D. form
答案：C 名词辨析和上下文理解。A. feature特征；B. shirt衬衫；C. image形象；D. form形式；形状。根据On my way home, the________ of the boy stayed in my mind.可知这里意思是男孩的形象仍然在我脑海中。所以选C。
课件33张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 必修4(十二省区) Working the landUnit 2Section Ⅳ Unit RevisionUnit 2答案：重点单词：1. circulate; circulation 2.expand; expansion 3.equip; equipment 4. export; import 5. occupation; occupational 6.disturbing; disturb; disturbed 7.regret; regretful; regrettable 8.confuse; confused; confusing 9. reduce; reduction 10.discovery; discover; discoverer 11.sunburnt 12.decade 13.super 14.output 15.hunger 16.chemical 17.battle 18.freedom 19.nationality 20. personality 21.bacteria 22.nutrition
重点短语：1. thanks 2.rid 3.satisfied 4. rather 5. up 6.lead 7.focus 8. free
重点句型：1.it; to 2.to; planting; that; that 海 报
互动导学
◎学生：海报属于什么文体？
◎老师：应用文。
◎学生：海报一般包含什么内容？
◎老师：海报是一种宣传广告，其内容是提供活动信息，介绍产品或说服别人等。
◎学生：海报通常包括几个部分？◎老师：导言、正文和结论三部分。
◎学生：每个部分的具体内容是什么？
◎老师：导言部分介绍主要信息(产品或服务等)；正文部分提供更多有关的信息，并提供选择或推荐的理由；结论部分总结海报内容。
◎学生：写海报时还要注意什么呢？
◎老师：要做到主旨鲜明，言简意赅，用词准确，简洁明了。典题示例
根据下面提示为“绿叶”有机蔬菜生产基地写一篇介绍性海报。
坐落在城西；历经20年已经发展成占地1 000多亩的大农场；
配备有现代化的设施；生产过程中不使用任何化肥；富含营养；产品出口很多国家；联系方式：Tel：66688812
E-mail：Green Leaf@Green Leaf.com审题谋篇
答案：应用文；根据提示为“绿叶”有机蔬菜生产基地写一篇介绍性海报；一般现在时；第三人称词句推敲
1．词汇：
①坐落在 ________________
②化肥 ________________
③有机蔬菜 ________________
④扩展成 ________________
⑤十年 ________________
⑥装备有 ________________
⑦肥沃的土壤 ________________
⑧营养丰富 ________________
⑨出口到 ________________
答案：①be located in /lie in ② chemical fertilizer ③organic vegetables ④ expand to ⑤decade ⑥equip...with ⑦rich soil ⑧full of nutrition ⑨export... into...2．句式：
①它坐落在城西。(一句多译)
a．____________________________________
b．_____________________________________
②历经20年它已经发展成占地1 000多亩的大农场。(根据要求翻译句子)
a．It has expanded to a big farm________________________
________________________________________________________________________ in the past two decades. (使用现在分词短语作定语)
b．It has expanded to a big farm________________________
_______________________________________________________________________in the past two decades. (使用定语从句)
用locate的过去分词短语作状语，连接①、②句。
________________， it has expanded to a big farm covering/which covers an area of more than 1,000 mu in the past two decades.③肥沃的土壤让这些蔬菜营养丰富。
The rich soil________________________________________.
④它们出口到世界上许多国家。
They _______________________many countries in the world.
用过渡词as a result连接③、④句。
The rich soil makes these vegetables full of nutrition；________________，they are exported into many countries in the world.
答案：①It is located in the west of the city. ；It lies in the west of the city.
②covering an area of more than 1,000 mu; which covers an area of more than 1,000 mu；Located in the west of the city
③makes these vegetables full of nutrition
④are exported into; as a result
妙笔成篇
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
参考范文：
Have you ever dreamt of eating green vegetables without chemical fertilizer every day? Please go to Green Leaf—an organic vegetable base.
Located in the west of the city, it has expanded to a big farm covering an area of more than 1, 000 mu in the past two decades. It has been equipped with advanced facilities. What makes it different from others is that the vegetables here are grown without any chemical fertilizer.The rich soil makes these vegetables full of nutrition；as a result, they are exported into many countries in the world.
If you are interested，please contact us in the following ways.
Tel：66688812
E-mail：Green Leaf@Green Leaf.com.
你吃过一些有机蔬菜吗？它们绿色健康。请光临品尝。
请就这一话题写一份海报，劝说大家购买绿色蔬菜。
海报应包含以下内容：
★题目：来这儿买最好的蔬菜！
★理由：价格合理；新鲜；富含维生素；安全；远离化肥；在远离工业区的地方种植。
★结论：有机种植方式培育的绿色食品，有益于身体健康。参考范文：
Buy the Best Vegetables Here!
Have you had any organic vegetables? They are healthy and green. Please come here and have a taste. Organic vegetables are on sale.
Good reasons to Buy：
★reasonable price
★fresh
★rich in vitamins
★safe
★free of fertilizer
★grow away from industrial areas
Grown by organic farming methods, the vegetables here have all the advantages of “green food”， which of course can help you to keep healthy.
