Unit 4 Section Ⅰ
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The government made a ________(state) that H7N9 could not spread from person to person.
2．He gave a sign ________(represent)victory and all of us felt excited.
3．________(association) with the bomb in the town center, he was arrested by the police.
4．The child was ________(curiosity)about what had happened.
5．Troops have been sent to ________(defence)the borders.
6．She went on working after ________(greet)me.
7．It is true that he is ________(approach)the end but he has been living a memorable life.
8．The ________(misunderstand)between them led to the failure of their friendship.
9．His writing is quite good while his ________(speak) English is rather bad.
10．All the ________(flight)were delayed due to bad weather.
答案：1.statement 2.representing 3.Associated 4.curious 5.defend 6.greeting 7.approaching 8.misunderstanding 9.spoken 10.flights
Ⅱ.选择适当的短语填空
Associated with;represent;in general;defend oneself against;be curious to;greet with;be likely to;land on
1．Listening more to each other, helping and learning from each other, a friendship ________________ be formed.
2．________________ know the reason drove him to carry out the further research.
3．Having ________ Tom ________ a nod, she worked again.
4．Some think that students should be trained to________________________ some attacks.
5．________________speeding, he was fined yesterday.
6．________________，the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice.
7．The first man ________________ the moon came from America.
8．This organization which ________________ the people of this area is popular.
答案：1.is likely to 2.Being curious to 3.greeted; with 4.defend themselves against 5.Associated with 6.In general 7.to land on 8.represents
Ⅲ.语法单项填空
1．I changed my approach________ learning English this term and did a good job in the final examination.
答案：to approach作”方法”用时，与to搭配。
2．John was likely ________(win) the 200-meter race, but he fell to the ground and missed the chance.
答案：to win 句意：约翰很可能赢得200米比赛，但他摔在地上错过了机会。be likely to do sth.“很可能做某事”，其主语可以是人也可以是物。
3．________ general, her work has been good, but this essay is not what we have been expecting.
答案：In 句意：总的说来，她的作品不错，不过这篇文章不是我们想象的那样。in general“一般而言，总的来说”。
4．Wise teachers know it' s impossible for all the students to learn all the subjects well because ________ of them are not fit for them.
答案：all 考查部分否定。句意：聪明的老师都会知道要求所有的学生学好全部课程是不可能的，因为并非所有的科目都适合他们。not与all连用表示部分否定。
5．You must ________(understand) what I said because I didn't expect you to do so.
答案：have misunderstood 考查动词词义。句意：没想到你会这么做，你一定是误解了我的话。misunderstand“误解”，符合句意。
6．A healthy life is frequently thought to be associated________ the open countryside and green food.
答案：with 句意：人们通常把健康的生活与广阔的乡村和绿色食品联系起来。be associated with“与……联系在一起”，与句意相符。
7．—Tom's still angry with me.
—You are to blame. How dare you call him a liar! He's the last person ________(lie)．
答案：to lie 句意：——汤姆还生我的气呢。——这都怪你，你怎么能称他说谎者呢！他是最不可能说谎的。sb.be to blame“某人对(过错，罪行)负责”；名词前有序数词、the last等词修饰时，该名词后接不定式。
8．This job, if ________(do) according to the instructions, will be finished ahead of time.
答案：done 句意：这份工作如果按说明来做，将能提前完成。这是一个省略句，原句应为This job, if it is done...。this job与do之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词done表被动。
9．________(represent) his school, he attended the English speech contest and won first prize.
答案：Representing 考查非谓语动词。句意：他代表学校参加了英语口语竞赛并获得了一等奖。动词“represent”与句子主语之间为主动关系。
10．Smoking is one of the ________(majority) causes of cancer, killing millions of people each year.
答案：major 句意：吸烟是患癌症的主要原因之一，每年能伤害数以百万计的人。major主要的。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
(2014·浙江，B篇)Here is some must-know information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries.
In Brazil
Brazilians are warm and friendly. They often stand close when talking and it is common for them to touch the person on the shoulder. People often greet each other (particularly women) with light cheek kisses. Schedules tend to be flexible, with business meetings sometimes starting later than planned. But to be safe, be on time. Meals can stretch for hours—there's no such thing as rushing a meal in Brazil. Lunches also can start in the mid to late afternoon. Brazilians are social, preferring face-to-face communication over mails or phone calls.
In Singapore
Singaporeans shake hands when they meet and often also greet each other with a small, polite bow. Business cards should be offered and received with two hands. Arriving late is considered disrespectful. So be on time. Efficiency(效率) is the goal, so meetings and dealings often are fast-paced. Singaporeans are direct in their discussions, even when the subject is about money. Rank is important and authority is respected. This determines both people interact in meetings. For example, people avoid disagreeing outright with someone with a higher rank.
In the United Arab Emirates
In the UAE, status is important, so the most senior or oldest should be greeted first with their titles. The handshake seems to be longer than elsewhere. So, do not pull away the handshake. Women should cover themselves when it comes to dress. Men also tend to be covered from neck to elbows(肘部) and down to the knees. People do not avoid entertaining in their homes, but they also hold business meals at restaurants. Touching or passing food or eating with your left hand is to be avoided. When meetings are one-to-one, if your host offers you coffee, you should refuse. It might seem odd, but it is a cultural tradition. Coffee should only be accepted if it is always set out or presented.
In Switzerland
The Swiss tend to be formal and address each other by last name. They also are respectful of private lives. You should be careful not to ask about personal topics. Punctuality (守时) is vital, something that comes from a deep respect for others' time. Arrive at any meeting or event a few minutes early to be safe. They also have clear structure in their companies. Higher-ups make the final decisions, even if others might disagree. Neat, clean dress is expected. The Swiss follow formal table manners. They also keep their hands visible at the table and their elbows off the table. It is polite to finish the food on your plate.
文章大意：本文是应用文。常言道，入乡随俗，入国问禁。因为文化不同，不同的国家有不同的礼仪，本文讲述了做生意时容易出错的几个国家。
1．The passage is mainly about ________.
A．communication types
B．the workplace atmosphere
C．customs and social manners
D．living conditions and standards
答案：C 主旨大意题。从文章开始的主旨句“...on how people behave in doing business in some countries”可以知道，本文讲述的是在一些国家做生意时要注意的风俗习惯。A项有一定干扰性，从communication types看，A项说的是交流类型，因此不合适。
2．Why do Singaporeans avoid arguing with their boss?
A．They put efficiency in the first place.
B．They dislike face-to-face communication.
C．They want to finish meetings as quickly as possible.
D．They are supposed to obey the person of a higher rank.
答案：D 细节理解题。从原文“In Singapore”部分的“For example, people avoid disagreeing outright with someone of a higher rank”可以知道，新加坡人不与老板争吵，是因为他们避免与比自己职位高的人出现分歧。
3．In the UAE, when should you refuse the coffee if it is offered?
A．When greeting seniors.
B．When meeting the host alone.
C．When attending a presentation.
D．When dining with business partners.
答案：B 细节理解题。由原文中“In the United Arab Emirates”部分中的“When meetings are one-to-one, if your host offers you coffee, you should refuse”可以知道，在阿联酋，如果你单独与主人见面，应该拒绝喝咖啡。本题是直接细节题，误选其他选项，是因为对原文细节理解的偏差。
4．In which country do people care about where to put their hands at the dinner table?
A．In Brazil.
B．In Singapore.
C．In the United Arab Emirate.
D．In Switzerland.
答案：D 细节理解题。从“In Switzerland”部分的倒数第三句话“They also keep their hands visible at the table and their elbows off the table”可以知道，在瑞士，人们要把手放到桌子上。
Ⅴ.完形填空
Reading body language correctly is important not only at work but also in private life. John had made a date and was__1__excited about it that he told all his friends.__2__， the date did not turn up because he hadn't read the body language__3__when he made the date. He was__4__， especially because everyone had known about it. He felt everyone was__5__at him.
Have you ever__6__the body language of others? If you have, then you will have a deep understanding of how John__7__. Then wouldn't it be wonderful to know how to__8__embarrassment in the future or__9__still, become the confident person you want to be?
In the past I always__10__on my intuition(直觉)to tell me if things did not seem right.__11__is wrong with using intuition, and it helps, too. But to have a recognized system where you can__12__people's thoughts and actions is more brilliant. It will make your life much__13__once you know how to read body language in all areas of your life. You'll find yourself make better__14__about people or work and__15__better at what you choose to do. You will learn what to pay__16__to and how to__17__to the given signs.
Of course, it will__18__a lot of practice to be able to recognise the moves and__19__. Sometimes you even need to__20__in front of the bathroom mirror. But that's all what you need to do.
1．A.very B．quite
C．so D．much
答案：C 句意：约翰要约会了，他很兴奋，所以就告诉了所有的朋友。so...that...“如此……以至于”，为固定用法。
2．A.But B．However
C．Besides D．So
答案：B 其后句意为转折关系。其后用逗号与主句隔开，故用however，而but后通常不跟逗号。
3．A.truly B．really
C．properly D．hardly
答案：C 根据这句话的因果关系“因为约翰没有正确地理解手势语而导致约会的流产”故选properly“正确地”。truly“真实地”；really“真的”；hardly“几乎不”。
4．A.amusing B．amused
C．embarrassing D．embarrassed
答案：D 根据下一段中的“Then wouldn't it be wonderful to know how to__8__embarrassment in the future”的提示，可知选D项“窘迫的”。
5．A.laughing B．smiling
C．shouting D．looking
答案：A 句意：大家都知道约翰要约会了，结果却没有，所以他觉得大家都在嘲笑他。laugh at“嘲笑”，符合语境。smile at“对……笑”；shout at“对……大叫”；look at“看”。
6．A.misunderstood B．understood
C．explained D．considered
答案：A 根据上一个例子可知，约翰是被“误解”的，misunderstand“误解，误会”。
7．A.considered B．thought
C．commented D．felt
答案：D 根据上文最后一句“He felt everyone was__5__at him”可以断定是了解约翰的“感觉”。consider“考虑”；think“思考”；comment“评论”。
8．A.refuse B．admit
C．avoid D．accept
答案：C 前文中提到约翰很尴尬，所以此处应为“懂得以后如何‘避免’尴尬不是更好吗？”refuse“拒绝”；admit“承认”；accept“接受”。
9．A.better B．good
C．worse D．bad
答案：A become the confident person you want to be“变为想成为的自信的人”是比避免尴尬更好的事，暗含比较。
10．A.looked B．depended
C．lived D．fed
答案：B 句意：过去如果发现有什么不对，我总是“依赖”直觉来判断。depend on“依赖”，符合句意。look on“旁观，观看”；live on“靠……生活”；feed on“以……为食”。
11．A.Anything B．Everything
C．Something D．Nothing
答案：D 根据下一句and it helps, too“这也会有帮助”可知，使用直觉是没有什么不对的。
12．A.seize B．take
C．avoid D．read
答案：D 句意：如果你具备系统的手势语知识会更棒，因为手势语可以使你“弄懂”人们的想法和行为。read在此处为“理解”。
13．A.easy B．easier
C．hard D．harder
答案：B 根据后文“You'll find yourself make better__14__about people or work and...”可排除C和D项；根据其前的much，不能修饰形容词，却可以修饰形容词比较级，故选B。
14．A.decisions B．plans
C．designs D．promises
答案：A 根据上文可知，如果一个人对手势语很熟悉的话，就会对人或工作看得更透，所以会做出更好的“决定”。decision“决定”，符合语境。plan“计划”；design“设计”；promise“诺言”。
15．A.explore B．solve
C．perform D．approach
答案：C 句意：对你所做的选择会“表现”更好。perform“表演，表现”；explore“探索”；solve“解决”；approach“接近”。
16．A.attention B．anger
C．expression D．association
答案：A pay attention to“注意……”，为固定搭配。anger“怒气”；expression“表达”；association“联想”，则均不能与介词to搭配。
17．A.answer B．react
C．reply D．whisper
答案：B 句意：如何对特定的手势语作出反应。react to“对……作出反应”，符合句意。reply to“答复……”；whisper to“对……耳语”；answer不需接to。
18．A.do B．make
C．take D．put
答案：C 要辨认这些手势语则“需要”大量的练习。
19．A.messes B．technology
C．realities D．gestures
答案：D move and gesture“动作和手势”。mess“脏或乱的状态”；technology“技术”；reality“现实”，均与上文不搭配。
20．A.practice B．stand
C．sit D．smile
答案：A 根据上一句的“it will__18__a lot of practice”可知，在镜子前“练习”。
Ⅵ.短文改错
When Jack bowed to someone, he always did much too quickly. You needn't wait any longer after he finished nod his head. So he was blamed for no manner. One day a warmhearted man has taught him，“When you bow to somebody next time, you can count January, February, March, until December. Then you could lift your body up. Thus the ceremony will be very perfect.”
The next day, he met his uncle. He did as the men told.The bow was too long that it made his uncle escape away soon with a surprising look. When Jack looked down, he found his uncle gone. So he asked the passers-by, “In what month did he go away？”
答案：
When Jack bowed to someone, he always did much too quickly. You needn't wait any longer after he finished his head. So he was blamed for no . One day a warmhearted man taught him，“When you bow to somebody next time，you can count January, February, March, until December. Then you could lift your body up. the ceremony will be very perfect.”
The next day, he met his uncle. He did as the told.The bow was long that it made his uncle escape away soon with a look. When Jack looked ， he found his uncle gone. So he asked the passers-by，“In month did he go away？”
课件105张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 必修4(十二省区) Body languageUnit 4Section Ⅰ Warming-up & ReadingUnit 4Ⅰ.单词速记
1．________(vt.)代表；象征
2．________(n.)社团；联系；联想
3．________(n.)飞行；航班
4．________(vt.&vi.)接近；靠近；走近(n.)接近；方法；途径
5．________(adj.)主要的
6．________(vi.)猛冲；突进
7．________(n.)成人；成年人(adj.)成人的；成熟的
8．________(adj.)可能的representassociationflightapproachmajordashadultlikely9．state(v.)陈述；说明→________(n.)陈述；说明
10．________(vi.&vt.)迎接；问候→greeting(n.)问候
11．curious(adj.)好奇的→________(adv.)好奇地
12．defend(vt.)保护；保卫→________(n.)防御；保卫
13．misunderstand(vt.)误解；误会→________________(n.)误解；误会
14．spoken(adj.)口语的→________(adj.)未说出口的；非口语的statementgreetcuriouslydefencemisunderstandingunspokenⅡ.短语互译
1．保卫……以免受…… ________________
2．在防守；在保卫 ________________
3．相反 ________________
4．be likely to ________________________
5．in general ________________defend... againstin defenceon the contrary很可能……；有希望……总的来说；通常Ⅲ.完成句子
1．半个小时的等待之后，他们的班机终于到了，我看到几个年轻人走进等候区，他们好奇地向四周张望。
After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people_____________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________.(省略to的不定式作宾语补足语＋现在分词短语作状语)
2．第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。
__________________________________________________
______________________was Tony Garcia from Colombia,
__________________________________________________
Julia Smith from Britain.(不定式作定语修饰序数词和过去分词短语作伴随状语)3．两个人握了握手，并且在对方的面颊上吻了两下。通常，法国成年人见到熟人就是这么做的。
They shook hands and then kissed each other twice on each cheek, ________________________ adults meet people ________.
(since引导原因状语从句及省略关系代词的定语从句)
4．各种文化背景下的人互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度也不一样。
__________________________________________________
__________________, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.(部分否定)5．现在世界上大多数人见面都会通过握手相互问候，但有些文化(背景下的人)会采取另外一些寒暄方式，例如日本人就更愿意鞠躬。
Most people around the world now ______________________
______， ____________ some cultures use other greetings as well，________________________， ________ prefer to bow.(by doing something作方式状语)
答案：1.enter the waiting area looking around curiously 2.The first person to arrive; closely followed by 3.since that is the French custom when; they know 4.Not all cultures greet each other the same way 5.greet each other by shaking hands; but; such as the Japanese; who
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Step 1 Fast Reading
1．Think it over and summarize the general idea of the passage in seven words.
This passage tells us _________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________.2．Match each part with the main idea.A．The cultural mistakes of
“body language”
B．Different body languages
in different countriesC．Summary of body language
D．Meeting this year's international
students Step 3 Careful Reading
1．According to the passage，finish the following questions
(1)Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one.
Tony came close to Julia, placed his hand on her shoulder and gave her a kiss!
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
(2)Fill in the blanks according to the passage.
Akira Nagata from Japan ________ to George Cook from Canada and his nose ________ George Cook's ________ hand.
(3)Can we expect people everywhere to act the same? Why?
No. Because people from different cultures or countries
________________________________________________________________________________________________________.2．Choose the best answer according to the passage
(1)Where is Tony Garcia from?
A．Britain. B．Japan.
C．Colombia. D．Canada.
(2)From Paragraph 2 we know that Japanese prefer to ________ when they are introduced to others.
A．bow B．shake hands
C．kiss each other D．touch others' shoulders
(3)Why did Tony approach Julia, touch her shoulder and kiss her on the cheek?
A．Because he wanted to hurt her.
B．Because he wanted to greet her.
C．Because he wanted to love her.
D．Because he wanted to play a joke on her. (4)From the passage we know，most international students greet others by ________.
A．shaking hands B．bowing
C．kissing D．touching shoulders
(5)It can be learned that ________.
A．only Chinese students can study in Beijing University
B．we should do as the Romans do when we are in Rome
C．only Chinese customs are the most important
D．not knowing foreign customs may cause a cultural mistake
Step 3 Discussion
Which is more important to a foreign language learner, verbal language or body language? (answers may vary)
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________答案：Step 1 1.different cultures have different body languages 2.DABC
Step 2 1.(1)Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek!
(2)bowed; touched; moving
(3)act quite differently sometimes
2．(1)～(5)CABAD
Step 3 They are both important. Just like verbal language, body language is part of culture. It plays an important role in daily communication. So, it is very important to understand and use it correctly. And for a foreign language learner, it is as necessary to learn the body language as to learn the verbal language.1.greet vt.
(1)欢迎；致意；问好；打招呼
①He greeted us by shouting a friendly “Hello！”
遇见我们时，他友好地喊了声“哈罗”。
②She greeted him with a kiss.
她以一个深情的吻迎接他。
(2)受到……的对待
The speech was greeted by/with loud cheers.
演讲受到了热烈的欢呼。
(3)(景象或声音等)映入眼帘，入耳
As we entered the room complete disorder greeted us.
我们走进房间，只见一片混乱的景象。知识拓展
(1)greet sb. with...用……迎接……；用……向某人打招呼
greet sb./sth. with/by sth.(以某种方式)对……作出反应
(2)greeting(常用复数形式)问候；祝贺；贺词
①They exchanged greetings and sat down to lunch.
他们互相致意后便坐下吃午饭。
②My mother sends her greetings to you all.
我母亲向你们大家问好。
活学活用
完成句子。
①She ______________ a loving kiss.
她以亲切的一吻来迎接他。
②The audience ____________________ loud cheer.
听众对他的演讲报以高声欢呼。
答案：①greeted him with ②greet his speech with
2．represent vt.
(1)代表；象征
①The competition attracted over 500 contestants representing 8 different countries.
这次比赛吸引了代表8个不同国家的500多名参赛者。
②The red lines on the map represent railways.
这张地图上的红线代表铁路。(2)(用图画、戏剧、雕刻等)展示，描绘
①The picture represents a hunting scene.
这是一幅行猎图。
②He represented himself as an expert.
他声称自己是个专家。
(3)正式提出(意见、想法等)
①I'll represent to him the risks that he is running.
我会向他说明他所冒的危险。
②The lawyer represented to the court that the defendant was mentally unstable.
律师向法庭陈述被告精神不正常。
知识拓展
represent sb. as/to be...宣称某人是……
represent oneself as/to be...自称……
represent sth. to sb.向某人说明或传达某事
represent... as...把……描绘成……
①He represented himself to be a friend of us, but now we know the truth.
他自称是我们的朋友，但现在我们知道真相了。
②His fans represented him as a true hero.
他的粉丝把他描绘成真正的英雄。易混辨析
活学活用
选词填空represent/stand for。
①The letters PLA ________ the People's Liberation Army.
②The competition attracted over 500 students ________ 8 different countries.
答案：①stand for ②representing
语法填空。
③Wang Feng's ________(represent) our school at the English speech contest proved to be a success.
答案：representing 句意：王峰代表我们学校参加英语演讲比赛，结果非常成功。分析句子结构可知，空格处应为动名词作主语。
3．curiously adv.好奇地
But curiously enough it was Katharine who refused this.
可奇怪的是，凯瑟琳居然不同意。巧学助记
图表记忆curious的用法
①The children were curious to know what was happening over there.
孩子们好奇地想知道那边正在发生什么。
②We were burning with curiosity over what was in the box.
我们急切地想知道箱子里是什么东西。活学活用
用curiously的适当词形填空。
①I opened the letter out of ________.
②________ enough, a year later the same thing happened again.
③To become a successful fish scientist, you need to have a ________ mind and be able to work on your own.
答案：①curiosity ②Curiously ③curious
语法填空。
④People have always been curious________ exactly how life on earth began.
答案：about 句意：人们一直想知道地球上的生命是怎样开始的。be curious about是固定短语，意为“对某事好奇，想知道”。4．approach
(1)vi./vt. 走近，靠近，接近
①As you approach the town the first building you see is the church.
接近那座城镇的时候，首先看到的就是教堂。
②The time is approaching when we have to leave.
我们要离开的时刻越来越近了。 (2)n. 靠近，接近，临近；通路，入口；方法，方式(常与介词to连用)
①All approaches to the town were blocked.
通往这座城镇的所有道路都被封锁了。
②He decided to adopt a different approach and teach the Bible through story-telling.
他决定采用一种不同的方法，通过讲故事来教授《圣经》。知识拓展
(1)．..be approaching……快到了
with... approaching随着……的临近
(2)the approach of...……即将到达
make approaches to sb.设法接近某人
approach to(做某事的)方法
①These signs show that a crisis is approaching.
这些征兆表示危机即将来临。
②Everyone has their own approach to dealing with them.
每个人都有自己的方法来处理它们。
名师点拨
(1)approach(方法)常与介词to连用，即approach to (doing) sth.
(2)记住以下“做某事的方法”表达。
①the way to do/of (doing) sth.
②the means of (doing) sth.
③the method of(doing) sth.活学活用
一句多译。
冬天临近，天气转冷。
①With ________ ________， the weather becomes cold.
②As ________ ________ ________， the weather becomes cold.
③________ ________ ________ ________ brings the cold weather.
答案：①winter approaching ②winter is approaching
③The approach of winter
语法填空。
④________(approach) the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
答案：Approaching 考查非谓语动词。句意：接近市中心时，我们看见一座大约10米高的石头雕像。approach与句子主语构成了主动关系，故用现在分词短语作时间状语。
5．defence n．防御；保卫
①She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence.
她后退几步，看上去有些吃惊，并举起了手，好像是自卫。
②She spoke in defence of her beliefs.
她为其信仰辩护。知识拓展
(1)in defence (of...)保卫(……)
(2)defend sb./sth. from/against sb./sth.保护某人(某物)免受伤害
defend oneself against sth.为自己辩护
①It is our duty to defend our country.
保卫我们的国家是我们的责任。
②They have the ability to defend against dangerous actions in outer space.
他们具备在外层空间抵御危险行动的能力。易混辨析巧学助记
图解巧辨protect/guard/defend
Soldiers are on guard to defend our country while our government protects their legal rights.
战士们在站岗保卫我们的国家，政府也在保护他们的合法权利。活学活用
一句多译。
工会说他们将采取行动维护会员的工作。
①The union said that they would take action ____________________________.(defend)
②The union said that they would take action ____________________________.(defence)
答案：①to defend their members' jobs ②in defence of their members' jobs6．major
(1)adj.主要的；重要的；大的
Shanghai is one of the major cities in China.
上海是中国的主要城市之一。
(2)n.
①[C]主修课程；专业课
Her major is French.
她的主修科目是法语。
②[C]主修学生；主修生
She is a French major.
她是法语专业的学生。
③[C]少校
He's a major in the US army.
他是美国陆军少校。
(3)v. major in sth.主修
She majored in maths and physics(at university)．
她(在大学)主修数学和物理。知识拓展
(1)majority(n.)多数，大半
The majority of doctors agree that smoking is harmful to health.
大多数医生认为吸烟危害健康。
(2)minor (adj.)较小的；次要的；轻微的
minority (n.) 少数；小部分
There may be some minor changes to the schedule.
时间安排也许会有小小的变动。
活学活用
语法填空。
Scientists think they have broken through in their attempt to find the causes of some________(majority) diseases.
答案：major major指同其他人或其他物、问题等相比较，显得更加重要和突出的。
7．dash v. 突然而急促的往前冲；急奔
The children dashed out immediately the bell rang.
铃声刚响过，孩子们就冲了出去。
知识拓展
dash n. 猛冲；急奔
the 100-meter dash 百米赛跑
When the door opened, there was a mad dash for seats.
门一开，人们便疯狂地朝座位奔去。活学活用
完成句子。
①他急匆匆地赶去赴约。
She________ ________to keep an appointment.
②他跳下公共汽车，直奔近处的酒吧。
He jumped off the bus and______ ______ ______ ________the nearest bar.
答案：①dashed off ②made a dash for8.be likely to很可能……；有希望……
①However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely_to touch them.
但是，来自像西班牙、意大利或南美等国家的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且很可能(用身体)接触对方。
②Imaginative ideas are most likely to come to us when we're unfocused.
一些创造性的观点最有可能在我们放松的时候发生。易混辨析巧学助记
不一样的“可能”活学活用
选词填空(likely/probable/possible)。
他在2016年有可能再创造世界记录。
①It is ________ for him to set a world record again in 2016.
②It is ________ that he will set a world record again in 2016.
③He is ________ to set a world record again in 2016.
答案：①possible ②likely/probable/possible ③likely
语法填空。
④Studies show that people are more ________(like) to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.
答案：likely 句意：研究表明，人们如果总是长时间地坐在电脑屏幕前面就更有可能出现背部问题。根据语境，这里表示“更有可能”，likely能够用人作主语表示可能。9．in general总的来说；通常
①In general, though, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's world of cultural crossroads!
但总的来说，在当今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定能够帮助我们避免交往中的困难！
②In general, American food is mild tasting.
一般而论，美国食物味道清淡。知识拓展
(1)general knowledge常识
as a general rule一般而言；通常
(2)generally (speaking)总体而言；一般而言
(3)on the whole总的来说
in a word总之
in short简言之
①As a general rule, you should avoid this kind of food.
一般说来你应该避免这种食物。
②Generally speaking, we enjoyed the trip.
总的说来，我们这次旅行很愉快。 活学活用
一句多译。
总的说来，对于我的决定，有两个原因。
答案：①In general ②Generally speaking ③On the whole10.After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.
半个小时的等待之后，他们的班机终于到了，我看到几个年轻人走进等候区，他们好奇地向四周张望。句式分析
①He watched a stranger come into the building where he works.
他看到一个陌生人进入了他工作的那座楼。
②They walked into the office looking for the manager.
他们走进了办公室找经理。活学活用
仿写句子。
①我注意到一位男子走出了屋子，看上去十分困惑。
__________________________________________________
②在海滨玩了半个小时后，我们看见几个游客来到这里试图租几辆摩托艇。
_________________________________on the beach, we saw several visitors come here ________________________________.
答案：①I noticed a man walk out of the room, looking puzzled. ②After half an hour of playing; trying to hire some motorboats11．The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.
第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。
句式分析
中心词是序数词或被序数词限定时，常用不定式作后置定语。句中to arrive作后置定语，修饰被序数词限定的中心词person。
①It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.
它是赢得所有这三项大奖的第一部戏剧。
②He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
他总是第一个到达最后一个离开。
名师点拨
若不定式是一个不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等时，不定式后面要有必要的介词。
活学活用
仿写句子。
①居里夫人是获得诺贝尔奖的第一位女士，同时也是两次获得此殊荣的第一人。
Marie Curie ________________________ the Nobel Prize, and ________________________.
介词填空。
②The last boat to depend ________ was washed away by the huge waves.
③The first paper to hand ________ would be from Group 4.
答案：①was the first woman to win; the first person to win it twice ②on ③in
12．They shook hands and then kissed each other twice on each cheek, since that is the French custom when adults meet people they know.
两个人握了握手，并且在对方的面颊上吻了两下。通常，法国成年人见到熟人就是这么做的。句式分析
①Since he couldn't come to help, he gave us a call to make an apology.
因为他不能来帮忙，他给我们打了个电话道歉。
②When they come across the words they don't know, they will look them up in the dictionary.
当他们遇到不知道的生词时，他们会查词典。
活学活用
语法填空。
(2013·山东高考改编)Mark needs to learn Chinese________his company is opening a branch in Beijing.
答案：since 前半句句意：马克需要学习汉语，后半句句意：________他的公司要在北京开一家分公司。结合句意，前后句应属于逻辑上的因果关系，since既然，由于，符合语境。
13．Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.
各种文化背景下的人互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度也不一样。句式分析
(1)not all为部分否定，当not与all，every，everyone，everything，both等连用时，无论not放在句首还是句中，都表示部分否定。
Not all are willing to do such work, for it is quite hard for some of them.
并不是所有人都愿意做这项工作，因为它对于有些人来说太难了。名师点拨
no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no one, nowhere, no more, no longer, no way等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。
(2)nor are they...是倒装句，否定词nor放于句首，使用部分倒装。
I don't like it, nor do I care about it.
我不喜欢它，也不关心它。活学活用
完成句子。
①并非所有的学生都去看电影了。
________ the students ________ ________ go to the movies.
________ ________ the students went to the movies.
②所有的学生都没有去看电影。
________ ________ the students went to the movies.
答案：①All；did not；Not all ②None of语法填空。
③(2012·重庆改编)The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, ________will he even give it a thought.
答案：nor 考查特殊句式。句意：校长不会允许这门课程的改变，也不会考虑这件事情。nor也不，位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。
④—Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?
—I don't know，________do I care.
答案：nor 句意：——你知道吉姆和他弟弟吵架这件事吗？——我不知道，我也不在意。
14．Most people around the world now greet each other by shaking hands, but some cultures use other greetings as well, such as the Japanese, who prefer to bow.
现在世界上大多数人见面都会通过握手相互问候，但有些文化(背景下的人)会采取另外一些寒暄方式，例如日本人就更愿意鞠躬。句式分析
第一分句：
①He achieved his goal by working hard.
他通过努力工作实现了自己的目标。
②Some travelers come from other countries, such as Australia, which covers a whole continent.
一些游客来自于其他国家，如澳大利亚，它占据了整个大洲。
活学活用
仿写句子。
①我们大部分人通过努力学习实现梦想，但是一些人利用不同的方式实现目标。
Most of us tried to ___________________________________
_________________________________using different ways.②世界上很多国家把英语用作第二语言，但是一些其他国家用不同的语言作为它们的第二语言。
______________________________________________________________________________________their second language, _____________________________their second language.
答案：①achieve our dreams by studying hard, but some people reached their goals ②Most countries around the world use English as; but some other countries use a different language as15．Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek!
托尼走近朱莉娅，摸了摸她的肩，亲了亲她的脸！
句式分析
本句为简单句。approach，touch和kiss为并列的谓语动词，描述主语发出的一系列动作；kiss sb. on the cheek为“动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位”结构。
His mother took him in her arms and kissed him on the cheek.
他母亲抱住他，亲了亲他的脸。
知识拓展
take/pull/grasp/seize/catch/hold sb. by the ear/nose/hand/arm
hit/strike/touch/pat sb. in the face/eye/stomach/chest(软的部位通常用介词in)
hit/strike/touch/pat sb. on the head/shoulder/neck/back(硬的部位通常用介词on)
①He took his son by the arm and crossed the road.
他领着儿子的胳膊穿过了马路。
②His father hit him in the face and said “get out”．
他父亲打了他的脸，说了声“滚开”。
③His teacher patted him on the shoulder and said, “Work hard and you'll succeed.”
他老师拍着他的肩膀说：“努力学习，你会成功的”。
名师点拨
这一结构中，the不能用形容词性物主代词替代，也不能用所有格替代。活学活用
翻译句子。
①有一只手碰了一下她的肩膀。
__________________________________________________
②我真想给他脸上来一拳。
__________________________________________________
③她抓住他的胳膊将他推出门去。
__________________________________________________
答案：①A hand touched her on the shoulder.
②I felt like hitting him in the face.
③She took him by the arm and pushed him out of the door.
语法填空。
④John rushed out and seized the thief by ________ arm.
答案：the 在“vt.＋sb.＋in/on/by＋the＋身体部位”中，必须使用the，不能使用形容词性物主代词代替，也不能使用所有格代替。句意为：约翰冲了出去，抓住了小偷的胳膊。Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He________(代表)our class making a speech at the meeting.
2．The boy is very________(好奇)and he is always asking questions.
3．When the fierce dog________(靠近)her, she hid herself behind the door.
4．How can you________(表达)your feeling when faced with such a problem?5．The________(令人厌烦的)speech made her rather upset.
6．She used to s________in my troubles as well as my joys.
7．There was an e________of danger on her face.
8．I don't think that we should be seen traveling together—people might m________.
9．Mr. Green got up from behind his desk to g________ me.
10．Let me i________ myself: my name is Melody Johnson.
答案：1.represented 2.curious 3.approached 4.express
5．boring 6.share 7.expression 8.misunderstand
9．greet 10.introduceⅡ.用短语的适当形式填空
put up; in defence; on the contrary; shake hands with; look around; reach out
1．They ______ posters all round the town advertising the circus.
2．He ________ his hand for the book on the shelf, but he was too short to reach it.
3．Don't try to ______ a woman unless she puts out her hand first.
4．She plays ________.
5．—I suppose your student doesn't understand you.
—________， he understands me very well.
6．He ________ the room before he left, wishing to impress everything on his mind.
答案：1.put up 2.reached out 3.shake hands with 4.in defence 5.On the contrary 6.looked aroundⅢ.语法单项填空
1．It's nearly eleven o'clock and father is likely________(walk) in at any moment.
答案：to walk be likely to do“可能做……”。句意为“快11点了，父亲随时可能进来”。
2．—What warm wind!
—Yeah, it also announces ________approach of spring.
答案：the 句意：——多么暖和的风！——是的，它还宣告了春季的到来。3．The servants are warned about not being too ________(curiosity) about things they don't need to know.
答案：curious curious“好奇的，古怪的”。句意为“佣人们被警告不要对他们没必要知道的事物好奇”。
4．He was lucky enough to avoid ________(catch) on the spot.
答案：being caught 考查非谓语动词。avoid后接doing sth.，he与catch之间为被动关系，因此用动名词的被动式。句意为“他很幸运地避免了被当场抓住”。5．It is required that we choose five things ________(represent) French traditional culture.
答案：representing 考查非谓语动词。“________ French traditional culture”在题目中作定语，修饰five things，而five things和represent之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。句意为“要求我们选择五种代表法国传统文化的事物”。
6．Maria looked around on the playground ________ looking for something.
答案：as if 考查连词在具体语境中的使用。as if“仿佛，好像”。句意为“玛丽亚在操场上四下环顾，仿佛在寻找什么”。7．The murderer reached ________ his gun, and then shot at the man.
答案：for 考查固定搭配。reach for“伸手够……”。句意为“凶手伸手拿起他的枪，然后朝那个人开了一枪”。
8．Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise. ______(similar), our minds are developed by learning.
答案：Similarly 考查副词在具体语境中的使用。similarly“相似地，同样地，类似于”。句意为“我们的身体通过锻炼得到加强。同样的，我们的大脑通过学习得到发展”。Unit 4 Section Ⅱ
Ⅰ.语法单项填空
1．He sat on a chair under the shade of the tree, ________(read) a novel.
答案：reading 句意：他坐在树荫下的椅子上看小说。句子的主语he与read之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。
2．The boys and girls are walking along the street, each________(wear) a small yellow cap.
答案：wearing each wearing相当于分词作伴随状语，意思等同于and they each wear a small yellow cap。
3．When I reached home, my husband was lying on the floor, ________(entertain) the kids with toys.
答案：entertaining 考查非谓语动词。句意：当我回到家时，丈夫正躺在地板上，用玩具逗孩子玩呢。现在分词作状语表伴随。my husband与entertain是主动关系。
4．Chinadaily. com. cn is the largest English site in China, ________(provide) news, business information and learning materials.
答案：providing 考查非谓语动词。句意：“中国日报网”是中国最大的英语网站，提供新闻、商业信息和学习材料。
5．China became the 143rd member of the WTO on December 11,2001, thus ________(realize) its 15-year wish to join the global trade body.
答案：realizing 句意：中国于2001年12月11日成为世贸组织的第143个成员国，实现了其15年以来加入全球性贸易组织的梦想。realizing在此为动词-ing形式作结果状语。
6．Do you know who is the patient ________(operate) on now?
答案：being operated 考查非谓语动词。the patient与operate之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。另外，从now一词可知动作正在进行，故用现在分词的被动结构，表“……正在被……”。
7．________(complete) the project on time, the staff are having a party to have a celebration.
答案：Having completed 考查非谓语动词。句意：已经按时完成工程，全体员工正在举行宴会庆祝。完成工程发生在庆祝会之前，完成与主语为主动关系，故用现在分词的完成式。
8．________(fail) to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.
答案：Having failed 考查非谓语动词的用法。“________ to reach them on the phone”在句中作状语，逻辑主语we与fail之间为主动关系，先是没用电话联系上，我们才发的邮件，fail发生在send之前，所以用现在分词的完成式。句意为“由于没用电话联系上他们，我们给他们发了电子邮件”。
9．________(come) from a mountain village, he couldn't afford a house in Shanghai.
答案：Coming “________ from a mountain village”在题目中作原因状语，come与逻辑主语he之间是主动关系。故用现在分词作状语。句意为“因为来自于一个小山村，他在上海买不起房子”。
10．(2014·福建，27改编)________(spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.
答案：Having spent 考查非谓语动词作状语。分词的完成形式，表示发生在主句谓语动词之前的动作。句意为：去年作为一名交换生在香港大学学习了一年之后，琳达看起来要比那些同龄的孩子更加成熟。
Ⅱ.句型转换
1．The storm left and has caused a lot of damage to this area.
→ The storm left, __________________________________________ this area.
2．Be careful when you cross the road.
→Be careful when ___________________________________________________________.
3．The building that is being built now is our new school.
→The building ________________ is our new school.
4．Who is the man that is reading over there?
→Who is the man ________________？
5．Because she did not know that the traffic accident happened to her husband, she was waiting for him to have supper.
→________________ that the traffic accident happened to her husband, she was waiting for him to have supper.
6．Because he is a student, he should study hard.
→________________， he should study hard.
7．Even though the farmer works hard on the farm all the year round, he still can't become rich.
→________________ all the year round, the farmer still can't become rich.
8．The boy sat on the sofa and watched TV.
→The boy sat on the sofa, ________________.
答案：1.having caused a lot of damage to 2.crossing the road 3.being built now 4.reading over there 5.Not knowing 6.Being a student 7.Working hard on the farm 8.watching TV
Ⅲ.用所给动词的正确的非谓语形式填空
1．He has just experienced a ________________(terrify)experience.
2．The problem ________________(discuss) now is very important.
3．I like living in a room ________________(face) south.
4．The man ________________(speak) to our headmaster is my head teacher.
5．________________(use)your head, you will find a way to solve the problem.
6．________________(judge)from his appearance, we know that he has experienced much.
7．He went out ________________(close)the door behind him.
8．________________(not know)what to do next, he had to go to his parents for help.
答案：1.terrifying 2.being discussed 3.facing 4.speaking
5．Using 6.Judging 7.closing 8.Not knowing
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Arabs consider it extremely bad manners to start talking business immediately. Even the busiest government official always takes extra time to be polite and offer refreshments(茶点). No matter how busy you are, you should make time for this.
The conference visit is a way of doing business throughout the Arab world. Frequently, you will have to discuss your business in the presence of strangers, who may or may not have anything to do with your business. Do not be surprised if your meeting is interrupted several times by people who come into the room unannounced, whisper, or speak softly to the person with whom you are talking, and leave. Act as though you do not hear, and never show displeasure at being interrupted.
Making decisions quickly is not an Arab custom. There is a vagueness(含糊)in doing business in the Middle East which will puzzle a newcomer. Give yourself lots of time and ask lots of questions.
When an Arab says“yes”， he may mean“maybe”. When he says“maybe”，he probably means “no”. You will seldom get a direct“no”from an Arab because it is considered not polite. Instead of “no”， he will say“inshallah”，which means“if God is willing”. On the other hand, “yes” does not necessarily mean“yes”. A smile and a slow nod might like an agreement but in fact your host is being polite. An Arab considers it rude to disagree with a guest.
1．The main purpose of this article is to explain________.
A．why you need extra time when you visit Arab countries
B．how to be polite when doing business in the Arab world
C．why Arab officials are so busy
D．what Arabs say when doing business
答案：B 推理判断题。本文描述阿拉伯人在谈生意时的礼仪，其目的是告诉人们在阿拉伯做生意时要按阿拉伯人的风俗习惯去做。
2．According to the article, which of the following would be considered polite?
A．You leave angrily because of interruptions.
B．You demand an immediate decision.
C．You refuse a cup of tea and show pictures of your product right away.
D．You look out of the window while a stranger comes in to speak with your host.
答案：D 细节判断题。根据文章第二段第三、四句Do not be surprised if your meeting is interrupted... never show displeasure at being interrupted.可知，对于被打断对话等行为不要表现出吃惊，而应该表现出不在意的样子，因此，D为正确答案。
3．From this article we know that________.
A．when an Arab wants to say “yes”， he often says “maybe”
B．an Arab seldom disagrees with a guest to his face
C．when an Arab agrees, a smile and a slow nod will be given
D．“inshallah”is an English word
答案：B 细节判断题。根据文章第四段的第三、四句．..You will seldom get a direct“no”from an Arab because it is considered not polite. Instead of “no”， he will say“inshallah”， which means“if God is willing”．可知，直接说“不”是不礼貌的，而应该说“如果上帝愿意”，因此，B为正确答案。
4．Which of the following is NOT an Arab custom?
A．To dislike being interrupted during their meeting.
B．Often to give you a vague answer.
C．Seldom to say “no” directly.
D．Seldom to hesitate to start talking business in the presence of strangers.
答案：D 细节判断题。阿拉伯人在谈生意前都不直接进入主题，而D项与这一习惯相反，所以选D。
Ⅴ.七选五
Two brightly colored butterflies have just flown by. They seem to be exactly alike, but actually one is a little larger than the other. __1__ The smaller one has a wingspread of less than three inches and also a black line on its back wings.
At first sight, it is hard to tell them apart. Would you guess from this that they are different-sized butterflies of the same species? __2__ If you said yes to either question, you would be wrong, for these look-alikes belong to quite different families.
The larger insect is the monarch butterfly (黑脉金斑蝶). As a baby insect, the monarch feeds on milkweed, which seems to give the monarch a disagreeable taste and smell. __3__ Birds that eat butterflies soon recognize the monarch and quickly learn to leave it alone.
__4__ Birds would find this insect tasty, but because it looks like the monarch, birds keep away from it. The viceroy's similarity to the monarch gives it some protection from its enemies and helps it survive.
There are other pairs of look-alike butterflies, bees and moths. In each case, one either has a disagreeable taste or smell, or can give a painful sting (叮咬). The larger is called the model. __5__
A．The smaller insect is the viceroy (副王峡蝶), which feeds on the leaves of trees.
B．The larger insect has a wingspread (翼长) of up to four inches.
C．The bright coloring of the monarch acts as a warning sign to its enemy.
D．Birds protect their babies from eating such dangerous enemies.
E．The insect that imitates this model for protection is called the mimic(保护色)．
F．Or that they are different species of butterflies but close relatives belonging to the same family?
G．Do you like this kind of special species?
答案：本文介绍了各种蝴蝶为了保护自己所拥有的不同的保护色。
1．B 根据下一句The smaller one has a wingspread of less than...讲述的小一点的蝴蝶的情况，说明本句讲述的应该是大一点的蝴蝶的情况，故B符合上下文。
2．F 根据上一句Would you guess from this that they are different-sized butterflies of the same species？他们是同一种类的不同尺寸，还是不同种类的近亲关系。故F项符合上下文结构。
3．C 根据下一句Birds that eat butterflies soon recognize the monarch and quickly learn to leave it alone.说明这种明亮的颜色是对敌人的一种警告，故C项正确。
4．A 根据上一段The larger insect is the monarch butterfly.说明本段应该讲述的是smaller butterfly，故A正确。
5．E 这句话是一个归纳总结的话，所有的蝴蝶的颜色都属于保护自己的保护色。故E项符合上下文。
Ⅵ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
There was a man who had four sons. He wanted his sons to learn not to judge things too__1__(quick). So he sent them each to go and look at a pear tree that was far__2__.
The first son went in the winter, the second in the spring, the__3__in the summer, and the youngest son went in the autumn. __4__they had all gone and came back, he called them together to describe what they__5__(see)．
The first son said that the tree was ugly. The second son said no—it was covered with green buds and full of promise.
The third son__6__(agree). He said it was full of flowers that looked very beautiful.
The last son said it was full of fruit.
The man then explained to his sons that they were all wrong，__7__they had each seen just one season in the tree's life.
He told them that you cannot judge what a tree is, or how a person is，__8__only one season. The__9__(please), joy and love come from that life can only be measured at the end.
If you give up when it's winter, you will miss__10__promise of your spring, the beauty of your summer and the fruit of your fall.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：本文通过讲述父亲让四个儿子寻树并描绘他们各自的发现，告诫人们：不可以一季来判断树，更不可以一时来判断人。
1．quickly 修饰动词judge应用副词quickly。
2．away far away“遥远”。
3．third 老人共有四个儿子，前面说了the first，the second，后面有the youngest，所以此空应填third。
4．When when引导时间状语从句。
5．had seen see发生在called them together之前，故用过去完成时。
6．disagreed 下一句描述的“树上开满了鲜花，看起来很美丽”，和二儿子描述的情况不同，说明三儿子不同意二儿子的说法。
7．because 说明四个儿子都错了的原因。
8．by judge...by...“通过……判断……”。
9．pleasure 与joy，love并列做主语，应用名词pleasure。
10．the promise后有of your spring限定，是特指“春天的希望”，用定冠词the。
【辽宁卷题型】
Mr. White: Sir, you've been using the online catalogue for quite a while. Is there anything I can do to help you?
Mark: Well, I have to write a paper on Hollywood in__1__1930s and 1940s, and I'm really__2__(confuse). There are hundreds of books, and I just don't know__3__to begin.
Mr. White: Your topic sounds pretty big. Why don't you narrow__4__down to something like... uh... the history of the studios during that time? And you could cut that down even further by__5__(list) the specific years you want. Try adding “1930s” or “1940s” or maybe “Golden Age”．
Mark: “Golden Age” is a good idea. Let me type that in... Hey, look, just 6 books this time. That's a lot__6__(good)．
Mr. White: Oh... Another thing you might consider... Have you tried looking for any articles in the magazine__7__newspaper?
Mark: No, I've only been__8__(search) for books.
Mr. White: Well, you can look up articles in the magazine in the Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature. And we do have the Los Angeles Times available over there. You might go through their indexes__9__see if there's anything you want.
Mark: OK, I think I'll get started__10__these books and then I'll go over the magazines.
Mr. White: If you need any help, I'll be over there at the Reference Desk.
Mark: Great, thanks a lot.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：Mark想写一篇论文，他在查询资料时遇到了Mr.White，并得到了他的建议和帮助。
1．the 考查年代的表示方法。此处表示“关于二十世纪三四十年代的好莱坞”，表示在二十世纪三四十年代，应该用“in the 1930s and 1940s”。
2．confused 考查形容词作表语。此处表示“我真的感到很困惑”。形容词confused表示“迷惑的”，一般用来形容人。
3．where 考查宾语从句。此处表示我只是不知从何开始。从句中使用了省略形式，此处相当于“where I should begin”。
4．it/that 考查代词。根据上下文语境可知，此处表示你的话题太大，你应该缩小它的范围，所以此处应用代词it/that指代前文的“Your topic”。
5．listing 考查非谓语动词。根据前面的介词by可知，后面的动词应该用动名词形式。
6．better 考查形容词的比较级。根据上下文语境可知，此处表示那就好多了。再根据“a lot”可知，此处要使用比较级形式。
7．or 考查连词。此处表示你有没有试过寻找一些杂志或报刊上的文章呢？根据句意可知填or。
8．searching 考查时态。此处表示没有，我只是一直在寻找书籍。根据句意可知本句应用现在完成进行时。
9．to 考查动词不定式作目的状语。根据上下文语境可知，此处表示目的。此处表示来看看是否有你想要的东西。
10．with 考查介词的用法。此处表示用这些书我就可以开始写论文了。此处介词with表示“用，使用”。
课件33张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 必修4(十二省区) Body language Unit 4Section Ⅱ Learning about Language Unit 4动词-ing形式作定语和状语
观察思考
用所给词的适当形式填空，并思考探究其与其逻辑主语之间的关系及在句中的功能。
①Yesterday, another student and I, ________(represent) our university's student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year's international students.(与其逻辑主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系，相当于非限制性________从句)②I stood for a minute ________(watch) them and then went to greet them.(与其逻辑主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系，作________状语)
③She stepped back ________(appear) surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence.(与其逻辑主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系，作________状语)
④Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in ________(smile), together with George Cook from Canada.(与其逻辑主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系，作________状语)
⑤Just at that moment, however, Akira bowed so his nose touched George's ________(move) hand.(与其逻辑主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系，作________)
⑥In the same way that people communicate with spoken language, they also express their feelings ________(use) unspoken “language” through physical distance.(与其逻辑主语之间为逻辑上的________关系，作方式________)
⑦Most people around the world now greet each other by ________(shake) hands，...(与其逻辑主语之间为逻辑上的________关系，作介词________)
⑧In general, though, ________(study) international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's world of cultural crossroads！(与其逻辑主语之间为逻辑上的________关系，作________)
答案：①representing; 定语 ②watching; 伴随 ③appearing; 伴随 ④smiling; 伴随 ⑤moving; 定语 ⑥using；主动；状语 ⑦shaking; 主动；宾语 ⑧studying; 主动；主语一、基础点拨
(一)动词-ing形式的基本形式(二)动词-ing形式的作用
1．动词-ing形式作定语。
*The sleeping baby looks very beautiful.(前置定语)
这位正在睡觉的婴儿看起来太漂亮了。
*The man sitting in the car is waiting for his daughter.(后置定语)坐在车里的男子正在等他的女儿。
*The law being carried out is to ban drunken driving.(后置定语，强调正在被执行的法律)
正在执行中的这则法律旨在禁止酒后驾驶。
名师点拨
(1)现在分词短语作定语时通常后置，而单个的分词作定语时可置于被修饰词的前面，也可置于被修饰词的后面。
(2)现在分词的完成时的主动及被动形式均不作后置定语。2．动词-ing形式作状语。
(1)作时间状语。
*Working in the office, the clerk heard an explosion from the street.
在办公室工作时，这位职员听到街上发出了爆炸声。
*Having finished her homework, the girl was busy with the thing she likes.
完成了家庭作业，女孩就忙于做她喜欢做的事情。名师点拨
动词-ing形式一般式常表示该动作与句子谓语动作同时发生，而动词-ing形式的完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前。
(2)作原因状语。
*Lacking enough money, they had to give up the plan.
由于缺乏足够的资金，他们只好放弃了这项计划。
(3)作条件状语。
*Getting the chance to study abroad, he will try his best to improve himself.
如果得到到国外学习的机会，他将尽力提升自己。 (4)作结果状语。
*He failed to work out the last question in the maths paper, making him lose the chance to enter his ideal university.
他没有能够做出数学试卷上的最后一道题，致使他失去了上理想大学的机会。
(5)作让步状语。
*Working hard all the day, he still felt energetic.
尽管努力工作了一整天，他仍然感到精力充沛。
(6)作伴随状语。
*The girls sat together in front of the house, talking and laughing.
女孩们一起坐在屋前，又说又笑。
(7)作方式状语。
*They greeted each other bowing to each other.
他们鞠躬彼此打招呼。名师点拨
(1)动词-ing形式作状语时相当于与之对应的状语从句，并且可互相转换。
(2)动词-ing形式作伴随状语时，则可转化成并列谓语。
*Knowing what to do next, he set out to do it at once.
＝When he knew what to do next, he set out to do it at once.
当明白下一步要做什么时，他立刻开始着手做起来。
*The guide showed the visitors around the pictures explaining the background of each picture.
＝The guide showed the visitors around the pictures and explained the background of each picture.
导游领着游客参观这些图画，并解说每一幅画的背景。 二、难点突破
1．单个的动词-ing形式作定语置于被修饰词的前面时，注意下面的两种情况对比。
*The old man needs a walking stick.＝
The old man needs a stick used for walking.(表示用途)老人需要一把用于行走的手杖。
*There are many people on the top of the mountain now who are enjoying the rising sun.＝There are many people on the top of the mountain now who are enjoying the sun which is rising.(强调动作)
现在山顶上有很多人在欣赏正在升起的太阳。2．独立主格。
现在分词作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件等。
*Weather permitting, we will go out for an outing.
如果天气允许，我们会出去远足。
*The paper having been finished, the student handed it in.
做完试卷之后，这位学生把它交了上去。3．评论性状语。
有些动词-ing形式作状语，在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，用来修饰主句，表明说话者的态度、观点等，被称为评论性状语或悬垂分词。常见的有generally/strictly/frankly speaking，judging from，considering，supposing，providing等。
*Judging from what he has said, he is a doctor.
根据他的话判断，他是位医生。
*Considering that the old man is old, he needs looking after.
考虑到老人老了，他需要被照顾。4．动词-ing形式作状语时，常将否定副词not置于分词前面。
*Not having finished the work, they had to work extra hours.
由于没有完成工作，他们只好加班。
5．状语从句转化为非谓语作状语时，若从句的主语与主句的主语一致，从句谓语含有be动词时，可保留从句的引导词。
*When getting to the top of the mountain, they found the sun was rising.
当他们到达山顶时，发现太阳正在升起。6．动词-ing形式与过去分词的区别
(1)语态不同：v.-ing形式表示主动概念，与相关的名词或代词之间构成一种“主谓关系”。而过去分词表示被动概念，与相关的名词或代词构成一种“动宾关系”。
(2)时间不同：v.-ing形式表示“正在进行的动作”；过去分词表示“已完成的动作”。
①Seeing from the hill, you will see the beautiful city.
在山上看，你会看到美丽的城市。
②Seen from the hill, the beautiful lake is like a big mirror.
从山上看，那个美丽的湖就像一面大镜子。
巧学助记
分词短语记忆口诀
分词作状语，主语是问题；逗号前后两动作，共用一主语；主语找出后，再来判关系；主动用-ing，被动用-ed；having done表先后，千万要牢记。语法单项填空
1．The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu，________(enable) the students to return to their classrooms.
答案：enabling 本题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：这个退休的老人把他大部分的积蓄都捐给了玉树地震中的受灾学校，使学生们能够重返课堂。the man与enable之间是主动关系，故应用其v-ing形式来作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。2．(2012·浙江改编)“It's such a nice place，” Mother said as she sat at the table ________(reserve) for customers.
答案：reserved 本题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：妈妈坐在为顾客预定的桌子旁边时说“这是如此好的一个地方”。此处为非谓语动词作定语。过去分词作定语，表完成，表被动。
3．He had a wonderful childhood，________(travel) with his mother to all corners of the world.
答案：traveling 句意：他度过了精彩的童年，跟着妈妈去了世界各地旅游。本题考查非谓语动词作原因状语。he与travel之间是主动关系。4．________(look) at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.
答案：Looking 句意：当我看同学们的脸时，我从他们的眼神上看出了同样的激动。本题考查现在分词作状语的用法。looking at my classmates‘ faces 相当于一个由when 引导的时间状语从句。
5．“We can't go out in this weather，” said Bob, ________(look) out of the window.
答案：looking “________ out of the window”在题目中作状语，表伴随，逻辑主语Bob与look之间为主动关系，且表同时进行，故用现在分词的一般式作伴随状语。句意为“在这种天气里，我们不能够出去”，鲍勃说着，向着窗外看去。6．There are many mistakes in his essay, ________(lead) to his failure.
答案：leading 现在分词短语表主动，作结果状语。句意为“他的文章里有许多错误，这导致了他的失败”。
7．________(fly) in the sky, you will have a good view.
答案：Flying “________ in the sky”在题目中作条件状语，逻辑主语you与fly之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作条件状语。句意为“如果你在空中飞翔的话，你会看到一幅美景”。
8．The old man, ________(work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.
答案：having worked 考查非谓语动词的用法。“________ abroad for twenty years”在题目中作状语，The old man与work之间为主动关系，又因为“在国外工作二十年”发生在回国之前，所以用现在分词的完成式作状语。句意为“这位老人，在国外工作二十年以后，踏上了回国之路”。
9．________(wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.
答案：Having waited 考查非谓语动词的用法。“________ in the queue for half an hour”，在题目中作状语，逻辑主语the old man与wait之间是主动关系，又因为“等了半小时”在“老人突然意识到”之前，所以用现在分词的完成式作状语。句意为“在队列中等了半小时之后，这位老人突然意识到他把支票忘在车里了”。
10．________(throw) their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.
答案：Throwing 考查非谓语动词的用法。“________ their hats into the air”在题目中作状语，表伴随。逻辑主语the fans与throw之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。句意为“把帽子扔向空中，获胜队的球迷们发出了胜利的欢呼”。Unit 4 Section Ⅲ
Ⅰ.语法单项填空
1．We have been waiting for her all the afternoon, but she hasn't turned________ yet.
答案：up 句意：我们等了她一整下午，但是她仍没露面。turn up出现，露面。
2．He always seems so confident, but ________reality he's sometimes extremely nervous during some exams.
答案：in 考查介词短语。根据句中的转折关系可知，他事实上在一些考试期间还是很紧张的。
3．The film is so moving that she usually watches it with her face ________(bath) in tears.
答案：bathed 考查“with＋n.＋分词”结构作状语，表伴随。句意：电影如此动人以至于她看电影时哭得一塌糊涂。此处bathe与名词face之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词。
4．—What made him so unhappy?
—________(lose) face.
答案：Losing 此处要回答的是what，即答语在句中充当主语，所以用动名词短语。
5．In some countries in the world, people give a hug ________ each other or kiss each other ________ the cheek when they meet each other.
答案：to; on 句意：在世界上的一些国家里，人们见面的时候相互拥抱或亲对方的脸颊。give a hug to sb.拥抱某人；kiss sb.on the cheek吻某人的脸颊。
6．Don't do so much for me, and you make me feel that I'm not ________ease.
答案：at 句意：不要为我做那么多，这样你让我觉得不自在。at ease自由自在的，舒适的。
7．While at the party, the student turned his ________ to his elder brother whom he met by accident in order not to be noticed.
答案：back 句意：在宴会上，为了不被注意这位学生转身背对他偶然遇到的哥哥。turn one's back to“背对；背弃”，符合句意。
8．The door burst open and in rushed the crowd, shouting ________ anger.
答案：with 句意：门突然被撞开，人群冲进来，愤怒地叫嚷着。with anger“愤怒地”，为固定搭配。
Ⅱ.选择适当的短语并用其正确的形式填空
look away from;turn one's back to;give a hug to;lose face;at ease;in general;fun_ction as;even if;nod the head up and down;be respectable to
1．When she noticed me looking at her, she just ________________ my direction.
2．Her English pronunciation is not so bad ________.
3．His careless work made him ________， which made him feel so bad.
4．On seeing her father, the girl ran to him and________________ him.
5．________ he was tired, he helped me with my work.
6．He ________________a team leader on the school football team.
7．The host was so kind and pleasant that Tom felt ________________ with him at his home.
8．He showed agreement by________________.
9．He sat there ________________ us, so he didn't notice us walking up to him.
10．We should ________________ the old, who usually have much life experience.
答案：1.looked away from 2.in general 3.lose face 4.gave a hug to 5.Even if 6.functioned as 7.at ease 8.nodding the head up and down 9.turning his back to 10.be respectable to
Ⅲ.阅读理解
When you are in another country，it is important to know the language, but it is equally important to know how to communicate nonverbally(不用语言地). Before saying anything, people communicate nonverbally by making gestures. According to an investigation(调查), only 30 to 35 percent of our communication is verbal. When people don't know the language, the most common way to communicate is through gestures. However，many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world.
In the United States，for example，nodding your head up and down means “yes”. In some parts of Greece and Turkey, however, this motion can mean “no”. In Southeast Asia，nodding your head is a polite way of saying“I've heard you.”
In ancient Rome, when the emperor wanted to spare someone's life，he would put his thumb up. Today in the United States, when someone puts his/her thumb up, it means “Everything is all right.” However, in Sardinia and Greece, the gesture is insulting and should not be used there.
In the United States, raising your clasped(握紧的) hands above your head means“I'm champion” or “I'm the winner”. It is the sign prizefighters make when they win a fight. When a leading Russian statesman (政治家) made his gesture after a White House meeting, Americans misunderstood and thought he meant he was a winner. In Russia，however，it is a sign of friendship.
There are other nonverbal signals that people should be aware of when they go to another country, such as the distance to maintain between speakers. Americans stand closer to each other than English people. English people don't like touching somebody or being touched. Now in America, touch is important. Friends touch each other on the arm, for example. They often put an arm around a friend when they say “hello” or “goodbye”．
文章大意：不同的国家有不同的身势语，你了解它们吗？这对于我们与不同国家的人交际非常有用。
1．It is very important to know how to communicate nonverbally when you are in another country because ________.
A．most people speak different languages
B．much of our communication is nonverbal on many occasions
C．people usually make gestures before saying anything
D．it's easy to learn how to express oneself through gestures
答案：B 推理判断题。从第一段第三句“According to an investigation, only 30 to 35 percent of our communication is verbal.”可知选B。
2．If a native in Singapore nods his head up and down when you talk to him, his motion means“________”．
A．yes B．no
C．that's all right D．I've heard you
答案：D 细节理解题。Singapore新加坡属于东南亚，从第二段最后一句“In southeast Asia, nodding your head is a polite way of saying ‘I've heard you.’”可知选D。
3．When the Russian leader put up his clasped hands after the meeting at the White House ________.
A．he means Russia was the winner
B．he was insulting America
C．he made a show of friendship to America
D．he in fact meant nothing at all
答案：C 细节理解题。从倒数第二段最后一句“In Russia, however, it is a sign of friendship.”知选C。
4．The gesture of putting one's thumb up shouldn't be used when you are travelling in ________.
A．Italy B．the United States
C．Greece D．Southeast Asia
答案：C 细节理解题。从第三段最后一句“However, in Sardinia and Greece, the gesture is insulting and should not be used there.”可知这个动作是侮辱性的，因而不能使用，故选C。
Ⅳ.完形填空
Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks __1__ than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more __2__ than we realize. In fact, non-verbal (非言语) communication takes up about 50% of what we really __3__. And body language is particularly __4__ when we attempt to communicate across cultures. Indeed, what is called body language is so __5__ a part of us that it's actually often unnoticed. And misunderstandings occur as a result of it. __6__， different societies treat the__7__ between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having __8__contact (接触) even with friends, and certainly not with __9__. People from Latin American countries, __10__ touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, it's possible that in __11__， it may look like a Latino is __12__ a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving __13__. The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep __14__—which the Latino will in return regard as __15__.
Clearly, a great deal is going on when people __16__. And only a part of it is in the words themselves. And when parties are from __17__ cultures, there's a strong possibility of __18__. But whatever the situation the best __19__ is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be __20__.
文章大意：肢体语言是无声的、秘密的，也是最有表达力的。当我们试图进行跨文化交流时，肢体语言显得尤为重要。当参与者来自不同的文化时，很有可能会产生误解。但无论什么情况，最好的建议是遵守黄金规则：对待别人就像自己喜欢别人对待自己那样。
1．A. straighter B．louder
C. harder D. further
答案：B 结合前句可知，肢体语言比言语更有说服力。louder意为“更响亮的”，符合语境； straighter意为“更直接的”； harder意为“更坚固的”； further意为“更近一步的”。
2．A. sounds B．invitations
C. feelings D. messages
答案：D 我们的身体发送出比我们意识到的更多的信息。send out意为“发送”，选项D messages“信息”与其语义连贯，故为正确选项；sounds指各种声音；invitations意为“邀请”； feelings意为“感受”。
3．A. hope B．receive
C. discover D. mean
答案：D 事实上，非语言的交流占了我们表达意图的大约50%。hope意为“希望”； receive意为“收到”； discover意为“发现”； mean意为“意思是……”，符合语境，故D项为正确选项。
4．A. immediate B．misleading
C. important D. difficult
答案：C 结合下文可知，当我们试图进行跨文化交流时，肢体语言显得尤为重要。immediate意为“立刻的，马上的”； misleading意为“误入歧途的，误导的”； difficult意为“困难的”。
5．A. well B．far
C. much D. long
答案：C 事实上，那些所谓的肢体语言在我们交际当中那么多以至于我们把它忽视了。联系空格后面的句子内容可知，此处表示数量之多，故C项正确；so well意为“如此好”；so far意为“到目前为止”；so long意为“再见”。
6．A. For example B．Thus
C. However D. In short
答案：A 联系前面一句可知，此处是举例说明，不同的社会对于人们之间交流时的距离不同，故A项正确；thus意为“因此，如此”；however意为“然而”； in short意为“总之”。
7．A. trade B．distance
C. connections D. greetings
答案：B 联系下文可知，此处是指人们交流时的距离，故B项正确；trade意为“贸易”； connection意为“联系”； greetings意为“问候”。
8．A. eye B．verbal
C. bodily D. telephone
答案：C 联系下文可知，北欧人通常不喜欢与人有身体接触甚至是朋友，故C项正确；verbal意为“口头的”； eye意为“眼睛，目光”； telephone意为“电话”。
9．A. strangers B．relatives
C. neighbours D. enemies
答案：A 联系前面一句可知，他们不喜欢与人有身体接触甚至是朋友，当然更不与陌生人接触了，故A项正确；relatives意为“亲戚”； neighbours意为“邻居”； enemies意为“敌人”。
10．A. in other words B．on the other hand
C. in a similar way D. by all means
答案：B 根据空格后的句子可知，来自拉丁美洲的人们交流时身体接触比较多，on the other hand意为“另一方面”，表示与前面的情况形成对比，符合语境，故B项正确；in other words意为“换句话说”； in a similar way意为“以类似的方式”； by all means意为“务必”。
11．A. trouble B．conversation
C. silence D. experiment
答案：B 因此，当北欧人与拉丁美洲人在交流时可能看起来像是拉丁美洲人在整个房间里一直跟着北欧人，故B项正确；in trouble意为“在困境中”； in silence意为“静静地”； in experiment意为“在试验中”。
12．A. disturbing B．helping
C. guiding D. following
答案：D 因此，当北欧人与拉丁美洲人在交流时可能看起来像是拉丁美洲人在整个房间里一直跟着北欧人，故D项正确；disturb意为“打扰，扰乱”； help意为“帮助”； guide意为“指导，指引”。
13．A. closer B．faster
C. in D. away
答案：A 拉美人为了表示友好一直在不停地靠近对方，closer为“更接近的”，符合语境，故A项为正确选项；其余选项不合语境。
14．A. stepping forward B．going on
C. backing away D. coming out
答案：C 挪威人很可能把这看成了逼迫，就一直往后退，back away意为“后退”，符合语境，故C项为正确选项；step forward意为“走上前去”； go on意为“继续”； come out意为“出来”。
15．A. weakness B．carelessness
C. friendliness D. coldness
答案：D 这样，拉丁美洲人反过来会认为对方很冷淡，coldness意为“冷淡”，符合语境，故D项为正确选项；weakness意为“弱点，虚弱”； carelessness意为“马虎，粗心”； friendliness意为“友好”。
16．A. talk B．travel
C. laugh D. think
答案：A 显然，人们在谈话时传递了大量的信息，talk意为“谈话”，符合语境，故A项为正确选项；travel意为“旅行”； laugh意为“笑，嘲笑”； think意为“思考，想”。
17．A. different B．European
C. Latino D. rich
答案：A 当参与者来自不同的文化时，很有可能会产生误解，different意为“不同的”，符合语境，故A项为正确选项。
18．A. curiosity B．excitement
C. misunderstanding D. nervousness
答案：C 当参与者来自不同的文化时，很有可能会产生误解，misunderstanding意为“误解”，符合语境，故C项为正确选项；curiosity意为“好奇”； excitement意为“激动，兴奋”； nervousness意为“紧张，不安”。
19．A. chance B．time
C. result D. advice
答案：D 但无论什么情况，最好的建议是遵守黄金规则，advice意为“建议”，符合语境，故D项为正确选项；chance意为“机会”； time意为“时间”； result意为“结果”。
20．A. noticed B．treated
C. respected D. pleased
答案：B 联系本句中出现的treat可知，此空应填treated与之对应，即：你希望怎样被对待，那你就那样对待别人，故B项为正确选项；notice意为“注意到”； respect意为“尊敬，尊重”； please意为“取悦，使高兴”。
Ⅴ.短文改错
Once a man got on a bus for New York. He hid in toilet, because he did not want to pay. But a passenger saw her. She tapped the person in front of her on the shoulder and say, “There's a bum(流浪汉) in the toilet. Tell the bus driver.” The message was past from person to person. But anywhere along the way, it changed. The bus driver was told that there was a bomb in the toilet. He immediate stopped the bus and telephoned the police. When the police came in, they told the passengers to get off the bus or stay far away. Then they closed the highway. This soon caused a 15-miles-long traffic jam. Under the help of a dog, the police searched for two hours. Of course they found no bomb!
答案：
Once a man got on a bus for New York. He hid in toilet, because he did not want to pay.But a passenger saw . She tapped the person in front of her on the shoulder and ， “There's a bum(流浪汉) in the toilet. Tell the bus driver.” The message was from person to person. But along the way, it changed. The bus driver was told that there was a bomb in the toilet. He stopped the bus and telephoned the police. When the police came , they told the passengers to get off the bus stay far away. Then they closed the highway. This soon caused a 15--long traffic jam. the help of a dog, the police searched for two hours. Of course they found no bomb!
课件62张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 必修4(十二省区) Body language Unit 4Section Ⅲ Using Language Unit 4Ⅰ.单词速记
1．________ vi.打呵欠
2．________ adj.主观的
3．________ n．等级；军衔
4．________ adj.面部的→________n．脸；面部
5．________ n．作用；功能vi.起作用；运转
6．________ adv.真实地；真诚地→________ adj.真的；真正的→________ n．真理，真相
7．________ n．怒气；怒火→________ adj.愤怒的→________ adv.愤怒地yawnsubjectiverankfacialfacefunctiontrulytruetruthangerangryangrilyⅡ.短语互译
1．at ease ________________________
2．lose face ________
3．turn one's back to... _____________
4．拥抱某人 ________________
5．上下点头 ________________
6．尊敬某人 ______________________ 舒适；快活；自由自在丢脸背对；背弃give a hug to sb.nod the head up and downbe respectable to sb.Ⅲ.完成句子
1．“读懂”我们身边的人是可能的，尽管他们并不想让我们懂他们没有说出来的意思。
________________________________________， even if they do not intend for us to catch their unspoken communication.(It is possible to do sth.可能做……)
2．举起拳头来晃一晃，大多数时候都表明某人生气了，想威胁他人。
________________________________________ almost always means ________ someone is angry and threatening another person.(动词-ing形式作主语)
3．怎样表示我厌倦了呢？
________________________________________ that I am bored？(how about...……怎么样？)
4．人们之间的文化差异非常多，但好在肢体语言有一些相似之处。
________________________________________， it is great to have some similarities in body language.(with＋复合宾语)5．我们经常会彼此误会，因此我们之间能相互理解对方是很令人惊奇的事情！
We can often be wrong about each other, so ________________________________________ we understand each other as well as we do！(It is an amazing thing that...……是一件令人惊奇的事。)
答案：1.It is possible to “read” others around us 2.Making a fist and shaking it; that 3.How about showing 4.With so many cultural differences between people 5. it is an amazing thing thatⅣ.课文理解
Step 1 Fast Reading
Divide the passage into three parts and match the main idea with each part.
Part 1 (Para. 1)
( )
Part 2(Para. 2－Para. 6)
( )
Part 3(Para. 7)
( )A.Examples of some body language.
B.There are differences in body
language， and it's important for us
to know them.
C.Body language is sometimes more
important than spoken language. Step 2 Careful Reading
Read the passage and then choose the best answers according to the passage.
1．Which of the following about body language is TRUE?
A．It is more important than spoken language.
B．It is as important as spoken language.
C．It is not as important as spoken language.
D．It is less important than spoken language.2．Why may a person smile if he loses face?
A．To show his anger.
B．To hide his embarrassment.
C．To threaten others.
D．To laugh at others.
3．If you are not interested in others' talking, you may ________.
A．look away from him or yawn
B．turn toward and look at something
C．fix your attention on the speaker
D．stand at a little distance with open hands
4．Suppose you are a teacher in America，you'll tell your students to ________ when others are talking.
A．avoid looking at others directly
B．look directly at others
C．glance at others
D．look down at others5．We can infer from the text that ________.
A．we can communicate successfully with others using body language
B．people from different countries will not misunder stand each other using body language
C．we should try to learn more about other countries' customs
D．all around the world, people express the same ideas using the same body language
答案：Step 1 Part 1：C Part 2：A Part 3：B
Step 2 1～5 BBABC1.fun_ction
(1)n.职责；功能；作用；职能
①The fun_ction of a chairman is to lead and control meetings.
主席的职责是主持会议。
②The brain performs a very important fun_ction; it controls the nervous system of the body.
大脑起一种非常重要的作用，它控制着身体的神经系统。
(2)v.正常运行；发挥作用；运转
①Despite the power cuts, the hospital continued to fun_ction normally.
尽管供电中断，医院照常运转。
②The sofa also functions as a bed.
这沙发还可当床用。
活学活用
完成句子。
The ________of the heart is to pump blood through the body.
心脏的功能是把血液输往全身。
答案：function2．ease
(1)n.安逸；舒适
①He didn't feel completely at ease in the strange surroundings.
他在陌生的环境中感到不那么自在。
②Take your ease, for the journey ahead will be long and arduous.
好好休息一下，前面的路程远而艰难。
③They are expected to win the election with ease.
预计他们在竞选中能够轻易获胜。
(2)vt.减轻(痛苦、忧虑)
Walking helped to ease him of his pain.
散步有助于解除他的疼痛。
知识拓展
(1)at ease舒适；快活；自由自在
take one's ease使某人放松一下
with ease轻易地；毫不费力地
(2)ease sb. of sth.减轻某人的痛苦、负担等
活学活用
完成句子。
①I felt completely ________________ with Tom.
和汤姆在一起，我感到很轻松。
②We passed the driving test ________________.
我们很轻松地通过了驾考。
答案：①at ease ②with ease
语法填空。
③My brother phoned to say he had arrived safely, so put your mind ________ease.
答案：at at ease“舒适，快活，自由自在”，put one's mind at ease“使某人放心”。句意为：我弟弟打电话说，他已安全到达，所以你们就放心吧。3．anger n．怒气；怒火
①It was not a long time before his anger melted.
不久他的怒气就消了。
②Don't joke with a man in anger.
别和动怒的人开玩笑。
③“It's a lie！” he shouted in anger.
“撒谎！”他怒吼道。
知识拓展
(1)in/with anger愤怒地；生气地
(2)anger vt.使发怒；激怒
Her cruel words angered him.
她那无情的话激怒了他。活学活用
完成句子。
①His bad behaviour was such as to ________________.
他的坏行为竟至如此，激怒了每一个人。
②I saw the boys throwing stones at the dog. I ________________.
当看到孩子们向狗扔石头时，我气急了。
③She ________________ when she was told about it.
当她得知这事后，气得发抖。
答案：①anger everyone ②was filled with anger ③was trembling with anger4.lose face丢脸
①There are unhappy smiles, such as when someone “loses face” and smiles to hide it.
还有不愉快的微笑，比如当某人“丢了面子”就会用微笑来掩饰。
②Jerry lost face when people found out he got low grades.
人们发现杰里考分很低时，他觉得丢脸。
知识拓展
(1)face to face面对面地
make faces/a face做鬼脸
save one's face保全面子
in(the) face of面对
(2)be faced with...面对着…… ①They had an argument face to face.
他们面对面地吵了一架。
②In the face of the new evidence he had to admit he had been wrong.
在新的证据面前，他只得认错。
③Even though he was faced with so many difficulties, he would never give in.
尽管面对如此多的困难，他将永不屈服。活学活用
用与face有关的短语完成句子。
①He insisted that the failure had ________________.
他坚持认为这次失败令他丢了面子。
②We should stay calm ________________ fear.
我们在危险时要保持镇静。
③He often ________________ at children.
他常常对孩子们扮鬼脸。
答案：①made him lose face ②in the face of ③makes faces
语法填空。
④________(face) with the difficult situation, we are determined to overcome it.
答案：Faced 此处faced with the difficult situation相当于状语从句though we are faced with the difficult situation。be faced with＝be confronted with面对着。
5．turn one's back to背对
①In most places around the world, frowning and turning one's back to someone shows anger.
在世界上大多数地方，皱眉或者背对着某人都表示发怒。
②He has turned his back to his past way of life.
他脱离了过去的生活方式。知识拓展
turn down拒绝；关小
turn out结果是；证明是
turn to向……求助；转向
turn up出现；到达；突然发生
turn over打翻；翻阅；反复思考
Please turn the radio down, I'm trying to sleep.
请把收音机的音量调小，我想睡觉。活学活用
用恰当的介、副词填空。
①He turned his back ________ his family when he became famous.
②She has turned ________ an invitation to visit that country.
③The day turned ________(to be) a fine day.
④Having read page one, he turned ________ to page two.
⑤She turned ________ at the last moment.
答案：①to ②down ③out ④over ⑤up
6．in most cases 在大多数情况下；在大多数场合下
In most cases, it is necessary to have a healthy diet.
在大多数情况下，健康饮食是必要的。知识拓展
in any case 无论如何；总之
in case 万一；如果；以防
in case of 如果；以防
in that/this case 如果那/这样
in no case 在任何情况下都不(置于句首时句子要采用部分倒装)
In any case, you'll have to be at the station by 8:00.
无论如何，你必须在八点前到达车站。活学活用
语法填空。
①________ most cases, he would be in time for everything.
答案：In in most cases“在大多数情况下”。句意为“在大多数情况下，他做什么事都很准时”。
②—Why are you still sitting up?
—________ I am wanted.
答案：In case in case“以防，万一，如果”。句意：——你为什么仍然不睡觉？——以防有人叫我。7.Making a fist and shaking it almost always means that someone is angry and threatening another person.举起拳头来晃一晃，大多数时候都表明某人生气了，想威胁他人。
句式分析
(1)此句为主从复合句。
(2)句中that引导的名词性从句在句中充当动词means的宾语。
(3)主句主语为动名词。动名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数，且通常表示抽象动作，也可以表示一件已知的事或一种经验。
①Collecting stamps is his hobby.
收集邮票是他的爱好。
②Working too hard means needing enough time to relax.
辛勤工作意味着需要足够的时间放松。活学活用
完成句子。
①在一些国家，摇头几乎总是意味着某人不赞同。
In some countries, ___________________________________
___________________________________someone disagrees.
②考试不及格一次并不总是意味着你是一位失败者。
________________________________________________________________________ you are a failure.
答案：①shaking heads almost always means that ②Failing in the exam once doesn't always mean that8．How about showing that I am bored？怎样表示我厌倦了呢？
句式分析
(1)How about...表示征询对方意见。
(2)表示询问情况，意为“……怎么样；……如何？”
(3)表示建议，意为“……怎么样；……好吗？”
①How about going out for a picnic?
出去野餐怎么样？
②How about having a walk after supper?
晚饭后散散步怎么样？活学活用
仿写句子。
①怎样表示他们对结果的满意呢？
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
②怎样表示我们不满意呢？
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：①How about showing that they are satisfied with the result？ ②How about showing that we are not satisfied?9．With so many cultural differences between people, it is great to have some similarities in body language.人们之间的文化差异非常多，但好在肢体语言有一些相似之处。
句式分析
(1)这是一个复杂的简单句。
(2)it为形式主语，不定式为真正的主语。
(3)With so many cultural differences between people，为“with＋复合宾语”结构在句中作状语。知识拓展
with的复合结构：
(1)with＋n./pron.＋v.-ing(v.-ing表示宾语与宾语补足语之间为主动关系)。
(2)with＋n./pron.＋v.-ed(v.-ed表示宾语与宾语补足语之间为动宾关系)。
(3)with＋n./pron.＋to do(to do表示将来的动作)。
(4)with＋n./pron.＋adv./adj./prep.-phrase.
①With the windows open, he fell asleep.
窗子开着，他睡着了。
②With a lot of work to do, he couldn't go home.
有许多工作要做，他不能回家。
活学活用
仿写句子。
①虽然他们之间有那么多的不同处，他们仍能很好地理解彼此。
_______________________________________________________________________, they can still understand each other well.
②由于有很多事情要解决，公司里的每个人有必要勤奋起来。
_________________________________________________________, it is necessary for everyone of the company to work hard.
答案：①With so many differences between them ②With so many things to deal with
10．We can often be wrong about each other, so it is an amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we do!
尽管我们常常会彼此误解，但我们仍能做到彼此理解，这真是件令人惊奇的事啊！
句式分析
(1)so连接两个并列句，表示结果；it是形式主语，that...do是真正的主语并且从句当中用了省略should的虚拟语气。 (2)在下面的句型中，从句经常使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
①It was natural that he should think so.
他会那样想是很正常的。
②It is really a surprising thing that the girl (should) marry so early.
这个女孩这么早结婚真是一件令人惊讶的事。
活学活用
语法填空。
①It is strange that he________(act) toward his parents like that.
②It is necessary that you ________(tell)the truth.
答案：①should have acted ②should tellⅠ.单词拼写
1．The army d________ its homeland against all enemies.
2．In university, my m________wasn't computer science but mathematics.
3．To a________confusion, the teams wore different colors.
4．It is easier for two parties to reach________(一致)．
5．The teacher asked Mary not to prevent Tom from________(表达)his opinions.
6．While staying in a five-star hotel, you will feel completely at e________.7．Taxis stand in a r________waiting to be hired.
8．In your new job, you will be expected to perform many different f________.
9．The soldiers bowed their heads in________(恭敬的)silence as the funeral procession(葬礼队伍)went by.
10．The two men have different________(面部的)expressions.
答案：1.defended 2.major 3.avoid 4.agreement 5.expressing 6.ease 7.rank 8.functions 9.respectful 10．facialⅡ.句型转换
1．A：Strangely enough, he knew all about it.
B：________ ________， he knew all about it.
2．A：The procession slowly came near to Tian'an men Square.
B：The procession slowly________Tian'an men Square.
3．A：Don't put your finger on that pot；it's too hot.
B：Don't________that pot; it's very hot.
4．A：I would like to show my thanks for your kindness.
B：I would like to ________ ________ ________for your kindness.
5．A：The boy escaped punishment by running away.
B：The boy________punishment by running away.
答案：1.Curiously enough 2.approached 3.touch 4.express my thanks 5.avoidⅢ.语法单项填空
1．We can hope to reach our goals and________(true) make a difference only by discovering what we do best.
答案：truly truly“真实地，忠实地，诚实地”，强调客观存在的真实性。“只有发现自己的特长，我们才能期望达到目标，真正与众不同。”
2．The old couple are now quite________ease as their son is out of danger.
答案：at at ease“安逸地，安心地，自在地”，可作表语，也可作状语。“这一对老夫妇现在可安心了，因为他们的儿子已经脱离危险。”3．I won't ever forgive my brother. He turned his back ______ me and refused to lend me any money when I lost my job.
答案：to 考查固定搭配。turn one's back to背对。句意为“我永不会原谅我哥哥。当我失去工作时，他背弃我并拒绝借给我钱”。
4．The play is OK. When do you intend ________(put) it on at the theatre?
答案：to put intend to do sth.“打算做某事”，put on“上演”。句意为“这部剧很好，你打算什么时候在剧院里上演？”5．The doctor says that this kind of medicine will ________(easy) the pain in your chest.
答案：ease ease“减轻(痛苦，忧虑等)”。句意为“医生说这种药会减轻你胸部的疼痛”。
6．Henry was afraid of failure because he didn't want to lose______ before his classmates.
答案：face lose face“丢脸，丢面子”。句意为“亨利害怕失败因为他不想在他同学面前丢脸”。7．I haven't seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond ________(recognize)．
答案：recognition recognition“认出，识别，认识”。句意为“自从萨拉很小的时候，我就没有见过她了，她变得认不出了”。
8．It is possible to “read”others around us，________they don't intend for us to catch their unspoken communication.
答案：even if 句意：“读懂”我们周围的人的意思有可能，即便是人们并不想让我们捕捉到他们没有说出来的信息。even if意为“即使，即便”。Unit 4 Section Ⅳ
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
As you know, different countries have different customs. Also there are many gestures showing many meanings in many countries. Here are a few examples of gestures. A fisherman in Britain will show the size of a fish he has caught by holding his two hands, palms(手掌)facing each other, the right distance apart in front of him. But the one from certain part of Africa will measure of the size along his left arm with his right hand. In Britain the gesture to show the number“one”is made by holding up the index finger(the second finger), but in Switzerland it is the thumb—the first finger which is held up. Some people point at objects with fingers, others by sticking out the lips. The gesture for“come here”is made in Britain with the index finger, which is held, pointing upwards, at eye level and bent towards the body; in Egypt the hand is held at arm's length, palm downwards, and the fingers are then bent. The difference between the movements is very important, and the meanings of the same gesture may be opposite in different countries. It may bring trouble to those not well known with it.
1．This message is mainly about________.
A．different people in different countries
B．how to understand the gestures in Britain
C．the different gestures
D．how to show a gesture in Egypt
答案：C 本文列举一些不同手势语的例子来表明手势语在不同国家所表示的意义也不同。
2．Which of the following gestures shows the number“one”in Switzerland?
答案：B 根据文中“...but in Switzerland it is the thumb—the first finger which is held up.”可判断出B项为正确的姿势。
3．Sometimes the difference between the movements in different countries may bring about________to you.
A．a good luck B．a new world
C．an ill effect D．happiness
答案：C 根据文章倒数第一、二句可知，不同的手势语在不同的国家所表示的意义不同，如果不了解它们的不同就会带来麻烦。
4．According to the passage we should________.
A．look before we leap
B．pick and choose
C．strike while iron is hot
D．do in Rome as the Romans do
答案：D 本文通过讲述手势语所表达的意义，可得出D项“do in Rome as the Romans do(入乡随俗)”为最佳选项，而非“三思而后行”“挑三拣四”“趁热打铁”。
B
Body language is a nonverbal communication that becomes a key in understanding children's feelings and thoughts. The following are the basic components of body language of children：
Face—Shortly after birth，a baby shows facial expression reflecting innermost(内心深处的) feelings. At the age of three, a child has different innermost emotional expressions.
Posture—Once toddlers(学步的儿童) begin to move, they show a variety of body postures. For example, when they move slowly and hunch their shoulders(耸肩), it means they are sad.
Hands and fingers—If your children close their hands and clench them light, they are certainly upset and angry. However, if their fingers open and their arms hang beside their body, it means that they are relaxed.
Foot—If your children move their foot forward and backward, it indicates that they are thinking about something or they may feel guilty about what they have said, or they are frightened.
Distance—When a child is in a bad mood, he creates a distance between you and him by sitting in the opposite corner of the room. Otherwise, he wants to hug you when he is frightened.
It is better for you to understand some facts about body language in order to build a better relationship between you and your child. The following points are some facts about body language：
Body language is more often used than spoken language. The results of a study showed that less than 10% of emotion was expressed in words, but more than 90% was expressed in body language. Words are more often used by children to communicate the facts, while body language is used to communicate emotions.
Body language is less controllable than spoken language. Smile, body postures, the movement of hands and feet, eye contact, and other gestures are done unconsciously.
When you are trying to understand a child's body language, do not forget that body language is not an exact science. Your understanding is not always right. Increasing your experience by paying careful attention to children in every situation is the best way to improve your ability to read a child's body language.
文章大意：如何才能更好地理解孩子的肢体语言呢？
5．Which of the following actions shows that a child may be thinking about something?
A．Opening the fingers.
B．Closing the hands tight.
C．Sitting in the opposite corner of the room.
D．Moving the foot forward and backward.
答案：D 细节理解题。根据第五段的“If your children move their foot forward and backward, it indicates that they are thinking about something”可知答案。
6．From the passage we know that ________.
A．a child starts to use facial expression to express feelings at the age of three
B．when a child moves slowly and hunches his shoulders, he may be not happy
C．a child starts to use body posture shortly after birth
D．a child may hug you when he feels guilty
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第三段的“For example, when they move slowly and hunch their shoulders, it means they are sad.”可知答案。
7．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Body language is used less than spoken language.
B．Body language is used more to communicate facts.
C．Body language is more controllable than spoken language.
D．We may make mistakes in understanding a child's body language.
答案：D 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“do not forget that body language is not an exact science. Your understanding is not always right”可知答案。
8．What's the author's purpose in writing this passage?
A．To tell parents how to understand children's body language better.
B．To show the importance of body language in daily life.
C．To explain different kinds of body language.
D．To help us learn foreign culture better.
答案：A 作者意图题。通读全文，可知作者写此文的目的是告诉家长如何才能更好地理解孩子的肢体语言。
9．In which part of a website will we most probably read this passage?
A．Staying healthy. B．Business life.
C．Child development. D．Travel guide.
答案：C 推理判断题。阅读全文可知本文是写给家长朋友的，最可能出现在“幼儿成长”版上。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2014·兰州一中高一期中)Are your table manners much __1__ when you are eating at a friend's home or in a restaurant than they are at your own home? Probably so, __2__ you are aware that people judge you by your table manners .You __3__ special pains when you are eating __4__.Have you ever stopped to realize how much less self-conscious you would be on such occasions if __5__ table manners had become a habit for you? You __6__ make them a habit by __7__ good table manners at home.
Good manners at mealtimes help you and those around you to feel __8__.This is true at home as __9__ as it is true in someone else's home or in a restaurant. Good __10__ make meals more enjoyable __11__ everyone at the table.
By this time you probably know quite well what good table manners are. You __12__ that keeping your arms on the table, talking with your __13__ full, and wolfing down your food are not __14__ good manners. You know also that if you are mannerly, you say “Please” and “Thank you” __15__ ask for things to be __16__ to you.
Have you ever thought of a pleasant attitude as being __17__ to good table manners? Not only are pleasant mealtimes enjoyable, but they aid digestion.The dinner table is a __18__ for enjoyable conversation. It should __19__ become a battleground. You are definitely __20__ in social maturity(成熟)when you try to be an agreeable table companion.
文章大意：文章介绍了文明的就餐礼仪的重要性和如何使文明的就餐礼仪成为习惯。
1．A.worse B. better
C. well D. badly
答案：B 形容词辨析和上下文理解。A. worse更糟；B. better更好；C. well好，健康；D. badly坏。根据下文： __2__ you are aware that people judge you by your table manners .可知在朋友家或饭店，你的就餐礼仪要比在家里要更好，所以选B。
2．A.unless B. until
C. because D. though
答案：C 连词辨析和上下文理解。A. unless除非；B. until直到；C. because因为；D. though虽然。因为你意识到人们会用就餐礼仪判断你，这句话是上句的原因，所以选C。
3．A.make B. set
C. take D. bring
答案：C 动词辨析和上下文理解。A.make制作；B. set 制定；C. take带走；D. bring带来。当你在公共场合的时候，你会承受特别的痛苦，所以选C。
4．A.at home B. in public
C. at ease D. in a hurry
答案：B 词组辨析和上下文理解。A.at home在家；B. in public在公共场合；C. at ease 轻松； D. in a hurry匆忙。根据上文的：when you are eating at a friend's home or in a restaurant可知这些属于在公共场合，所以选B。
5．A.good B. such
C. no D. some
答案：A 形容词辨析和上下文理解。A.good好的；B. such这样的；C. no没有；D. some一些。你有没有想过如果好的就餐礼仪已经成为你的习惯，你就不会这么有自我意识了。所以选A。也可根据下文的：good table manners at home.选出答案。
6．A.must B. might
C. should D.can
答案：D 情态动词辨析和上下文理解。A.must必须；B. might 可以；C. should应该； D. can能够。你可以通过在家里练习好的餐桌礼仪使它们成为习惯。所以选D。
7．A.acting B. enjoying
C. watching D. practicing
答案：D 动词辨析和上下文理解。A.acting 表演；B.enjoying享受；C. watching观看； D. practicing练习。好的就餐礼仪是要平时训练的，所以选D。
8．A.reliable B. stressed
C. depressed D.comfortable
答案：D 形容词辨析和上下文理解。A.reliable可靠的；B. stressed有压力的；C. depressed压抑的； D. comfortable舒服的。根据下文：Good __10__ make meals more enjoyable __11__ everyone at the table.可知好的就餐礼仪让你和他人都感到舒服，所以选D。
9．A.little B. much
C. many D.few
答案：B 形容词辨析和上下文理解。A.little几乎没有；B. much很多；C. many很多；D. few几乎没有。在家里在别人家或是在饭店都是一样的，as much as一样多。表示程度，many是修饰可数名词，所以不选C而选B。
10．A.manners B. dishes
C. atmospheres D.friends
答案：A 名词辨析和上下文理解。A.manners礼貌；B.dishes 饭菜；C.atmospheres气氛； D．friends朋友。好的就餐礼仪对于就餐的每个人都是愉快的，这篇文章讲的就是好的就餐礼仪，所以选A。
11．A.towards B.at
C. for D. within
答案：C 介词辨析和上下文理解。A.towards 朝，向；B.at在……点；C.for为了，对于；D.within在……里面。这里表示“对于某人来说”用for，所以选C。
12．A.mention B. realize
C. prefer D.doubt
答案：B 动词辨析和上下文理解。A.mention提到；B.realize意识到；C.prefer更喜欢； D．doubt怀疑。根据下文：You know also that if you are mannerly，可知你意识到下面的做法都是不礼貌的，所以选B。
13．A.mouth B. hands
C. stomach D.bowl
答案：A 名词辨析和上下文理解。A.mouth嘴；B.hands手；C.stomach胃；D.bowl碗。这里指吃饭的时候嘴里面含着东西说话，所以选A。
14．A.considered B.imagined
C. praised D. regarded
答案：A 动词辨析和上下文理解。A.considered认为；B.imagined 想象；C.praised表扬； D．regarded认为。上述的行为被认为是不礼貌的行为，所以选A。regard...as...“认为……是……”，搭配不符。
15．A.and B. or
C. so D. but
答案：A 连词辨析和上下文理解。A.and 并且；B.or 或者；C.so所以；D.but但是。你也知道如果你是礼貌的，你应该说“请，谢谢”并且请求食物被传递给你，这里表示并列关系，所以选A。
16．A.passed B. sent
C. delivered D.offered
答案：A 动词辨析和上下文理解。A.passed通过，传递；B.sent送；C.delivered投递，发表，接生；D.offered提供。在就餐时，传递食物或东西用pass，所以选A。
17．A.unusual B. considerate
C. obvious D. essential
答案：D 形容词辨析和上下文理解。A.unusual不寻常；B.considerate考虑周到的；C.obvious 明显的；D.essential基本的。你有没有想过一个令人愉快的态度是好的就餐礼仪最基本的？所以选D。
18．A.time B. chance
C. place D. way
答案：C 名词辨析和上下文理解。A.time时间；B.chance机会；C.place地方；D.way道路。餐桌是愉快交谈的地方，所以选C。
19．A.seldom B. hardly
C. never D. mostly
答案：C 副词辨析和上下文理解。A.seldom很少；B.hardly 几乎不；C.never从不； D．mostly大部分。它永远不应该成为战场。所以选C。
20．A.being B. forming
C. growing D. rising
答案：C 动词辨析和上下文理解。A.being 是；B.forming 形成；C.growing 增长； D．rising升起。当你努力做一个令人愉快的就餐伙伴的时候，你会在社交成熟中成长，所以选C。
课件30张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 必修4(十二省区) Body languageUnit 4Section Ⅳ Unit RevisionUnit 4答案：重点单词：1.statement; state 2.greet; greeting 3.represent; representative 4.association; associate 5.curiously; curious; curiosity 6.defence; defend 7.major; majority 8.misunderstand; misunderstanding 9.adult; adulthood 10.spoken; unspoken 11.cheek 12.simply 13.crossroads 14.employee 15.frown 16.misread 17.fun_ction 18.truly
19．anger 20.fist 21.yawn 22.subjective 23.rank
重点短语：1.likely 2.general 3.defend 4.ease 5.lose 6.turn
重点句型：1.Not; nor 2.that; using 3.smiling 4.moving关 注 信
互动导学
◎学生：什么是关注信？
◎老师：关注信是作者就某个问题或现象提出自己的观点或态度，并力图说服对方接受自己的观点。
◎学生：写关注信时要注意什么？
◎老师：要注意将内容分为三部分。
◎学生：那么具体内容将如何安排？
◎老师：第一部分简单介绍写信的缘由并向对方致以问候；第二部分要针对问题进行有针对性的鼓励和安慰，并适当提出自己的建议。第三部分表达希望及祝福。
◎学生：还有什么要特别注意的呢？
◎老师：注意提建议时语气一定要委婉，体现出写信人对对方的关切之情。典题示例
今天早晨你注意到你的朋友杰克很难过，这让你自己也感到不快乐。请根据下面要点给他写一封电子邮件。
1．杰克好像哭过。
2．你询问他时，他低下了头；你对这种尴尬局面表示道歉。
3．询问杰克不高兴的原因：是同学之间的误解还是英语口语考试的失败让自己感到丢脸？
4．提出你愿意提供帮助，并建议消除坏情绪的最好方法是学会与朋友共同承担。答案：关注信；注意到你的朋友杰克很难过，写信表达你的关注及安慰；一般现在时；第二人称
词句推敲
1．词汇：
①低头 ________________
②尴尬 ________________
③误解 ________________
④口语 ________________
⑤丢脸 ________________2．句式：(多种形式请灵活选择)
①今天早晨我注意到你看上去很难过。
I noticed that you seemed very upset this morning.
②我也感到不快乐。
I didn't feel at ease either.
③句式升级(用现在分词短语作状语连接①②)。
________________________________________________________________________，I didn't feel at ease either.
④看上去你好像哭过。
It looked __________________________________________.
⑤你和同学之间有误解吗？
Is there __________________________________________?
⑥消除坏情绪的最好方法是能和朋友共同承担。(一句多译)
a．______________________________________________________________________is to learn to share it with your friends.
b．______________________________________________________________________is to learn to share it with your friends.答案：1.①put one‘s head down ②embarrass
③misunderstanding ④spoken English ⑤lose face
2．③Noticing that you seemed very upset this morning ④as if/as though you had been crying/had cried ⑤any misunderstanding between you and your classmates ⑥The best approach to getting rid of a bad mood; The best way to get rid of/of getting rid of a bad mood妙笔成篇
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
参考范文：
Dear Jack，
Noticing that you seemed very upset this morning, I didn't feel at ease either. It looked as if you had been crying. When I asked you what was wrong, you put your head down. I'm sorry if I embarrassed you. I just want to help!
Is there any misunderstanding between you and your classmates? Or did your failure in the test of spoken English make you lose face? If not, would you like to tell me the reason?
I really would like to help you if I can. The best approach to getting rid of a bad mood is to learn to share it with your friends.
Yours，
Xiao Ling
假设你是某中学学生李华。最近，你发现青岛的海边随便扔垃圾的现象很严重，请你给市领导写一封信，劝说政府制定新的法律，并采取强有力的措施来实施它，以确保海边的清洁。
注意：1.词数120～150。
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头语已为你写好。Dear Governor，
I suggest that we should...
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________Yours sincerely，
Li Hua[参考范文]
Dear Governor，
I suggest that we should have a law that tells us not to leave rubbish on beaches.
Here are some reasons why we should have or enforce this law. A lot of people leave rubbish on beaches and eventually it will get picked up by the tide. When this happens, a lot of animals die. Some become or are close to becoming extinct. Every day and night tons of sea animals die because of rubbish! Another really big reason to outlaw rubbish on beaches is the fact that Qingdao has the most beautiful beaches in the world. People come from all over the world to visit our coastline. How sad it would be if they left thinking we didn't care about our own beaches and allowed people to throw rubbish anywhere.
Please consider the idea of making a law to stop people from polluting our beaches or please consider enforcing this law if there is one. I know that you will make the best choice you can!
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
