语 篇 提 能
Ⅰ.阅读理解
According to an English newspaper, scientists could begin cloning human embryos in Britain in 2001. It is understood that the government has already agreed to use Frankenstein's technology, believing the benefits are more important than ethical(伦理的) concerns. Researchers think it will be possible to grow brain tissue to cure the diseases that are likely to get worse as time passes like Alzheimer's, and produce “spare part” organs like hearts and kidneys for transplant(移植)．
Ministers are aware that the change in the law will be as controversial as the law which legalized abortion (堕胎) more than 30 years ago. Some politicians reacted angrily, arguing that the government had already made up its mind without discussion. Church leaders and anti－abortion campaigners have long expressed their horror at the plans, arguing that even the earliest embryos are forms of human life. They believe that getting an embryo from cells is morally unacceptable. And it will also cause arguments about how far scientists should interfere with nature and lead to accusations that they are “playing God”．
The cloning of human embryos to provide spare parts is regarded by most experts to be the most important step forward in the 21st century medicine. Scientists say treatment of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's will be the first application of cloning. The ability to clone embryos was first achieved by scientists in Scotland in the late 1990s and now the ability to grow stem cells into tissues and organs is being developed by American researchers. Combining the two technologies will mean an end to long waits for organs from donors and problems caused by rejection (排异反应) of transplanted tissues by the body.
Ian Wilmut，the man who cloned Dolly the sheep, has warned that British experts will go to America, where such work is legal, if the government does not permit it.
1．The government has decided to allow scientists to clone human embryos because they think that ______.
A．Frankenstein's technology is advanced
B．its advantages are more important than its disadvantages
C．diseases like Alzheimer's are a serious problem in their country
D．they can make a lot of money from it
2．The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A．ministers B．scientists
C．church leaders D．anti－abortion campaigners
3．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Most experts think that the cloning of human embryos is beneficial.
B．Politicians were in favour of the government's decision.
C．It is legal for scientists to clone embryos in America now.
D．American researchers are developing the ability to grow stem cells into tissues and organs.
4．What's the best title for this passage?
A．Science of Cloning
B．Cloning and Abortion
C．Cloning Human Embryos
D．The Argument Between Politicians and Scientists
答案与解析：
克隆人类胚胎一直是一个敏感的话题，广受争议。
1．解析：细节理解题。根据第一段．..believing the benefits are more important than ethical concerns可知答案为B。
答案：B
2．解析：代词指代题。由该词所在的语境可以判断A、C、D三项均反对克隆人类胚胎，只有B项与“playing God”相符，此处they指的是前面提到的科学家。
答案：B
3．解析：细节判断题。由第二段第二句可知一些政治家因为政府没有经过讨论便作出决定而生气不已，故B项内容错误。
答案：B
4．解析：归纳标题题。全文主要是围绕着克隆人体胚胎事件叙述的，C项概括性好且能突出主题，故答案为C。
答案：C
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2013·吉林长春外国语高二检测)
Last week, I visited Beijing. I always looked forward to there. Therefore, I was so that I couldn't fall asleep on the night before I started. I got up early and for the journey. In my pack, I put camera, some clothes, a mobile phone and so on. It me 8 hours to go there by train. I visited some of interest. They are very beautiful. I enjoyed myself. I felt tired excited because I learned a lot about the history of the city. As as I arrived home, I phoned my boyfriend and told about my journey.
语 篇 提 能
Ⅰ.完形填空
Are you a social butterfly, or do you prefer being at the edge of a group of friends? Either way, your genes and evolution may play a major __1__， US researchers reported on Monday.
While it may come as no surprise that genes may help explain __2__ some people have many friends and others have __3__， the researchers said, their findings go just a little farther than that.
“Some of the things we find are __4__ uncommon，” said Nicholas Christakis of Harvard University in Massachusetts, who helped __5__ the study.
“We find that how interconnected your friends are __6__ on your genes. Some people have four friends who know each other and some people have four friends who don't __7__ each other. __8__ Dick and Harry know each other depends on Tom's __9__，” Christakis said in a telephone interview.
Christakis and colleague James Fowler of the University of California San Diego are __10__ known for their studies that show obesity, smoking and happiness spread in networks.
For this study, they and Christopher Dawes of UCSD used national data that __11__ more than 1 000 identical(同卵的) and fraternal (异卵的) twins' genes. Because __12__ share an environment, these studies are good for showing the impact that genes have __13__ various things, because identical twins __14__ all their genes while fraternal twins share just half.
“We found there appears to be a genetic tendency to introduce your friends __15__ each other，” Christakis said.
There could be good, evolutionary reasons __16__ this. People in the middle of a social network could be secret to useful gossip, __17__ the location of food or good investment choices.
But they would also be at risk of catching effects from all sides — in which case the advantage would __18__ more cautious social behavior, they wrote in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science.
“It may be that natural selection is __19__ not just things like whether or not we can resist the common cold, but also who it is that we are going to come into __20__ with，” Fowler said in a statement.
1．A.role B．rule
C．roll D．pole
2．A.where B．why
C．when D．how
3．A.a few B．several
C．few D．some
4．A.generally B．mainly
C．mostly D．frankly
5．A.conduct B．introduce
C．conflict D．instruct
6．A.depends B．bases
C．takes D．puts
7．A.see B．inspect
C．learn D．know
8．A.When B．Where
C．What D．Whether
9．A.genes B．brain
C．appearance D．figure
10.A.better B．best
C．less D．least
11.A.recorded B．illustrated
C．described D．compared
12.A.brothers B．sisters
C．twins D．cousins
13．A.with B．on
C．for D．to
14.A.share B．have
C．own D．show
15.A.into B．to
C．in D．from
16.A.for B．with
C．to D．at
17.A.in addition to B．due to
C．as for D．such as
18.A.lie on B．bring in
C．lie in D．send in
19.A.acting on B．putting on
C．relying on D．sending on
20.A.contract B．face
C．join D．contact
答案与解析：
1．解析：你的基因及进化过程可能在这一问题上起着重要的作用(role)。B、C、D三项依次分别表示的意思是：规则；卷；棒、杆，语意上都不适合。
答案：A
2．解析：研究人员称，用基因解释为什么(why)有些人朋友众多而有些人却寡朋少友，这其实并不新鲜。A、C、D项依次表示：在哪儿；什么时候；怎么样，语意和逻辑上均与语境不符。
答案：B
3．解析：根据上一题的分析，此空应表示“很少，几乎没有”之意，即few。A、B、D三项都表示“有”。
答案：C
4．解析：这里是说研究人员发现的一些现象的确很奇怪。frankly确实，说实话，坦诚地。A、B、C三项依次分别表示：大体上；主要地；大部分地。这些都不合语意。
答案：D
5．解析：来自马萨诸塞州哈佛大学的Nicholas Christakis协助开展该研究。这里的“开展”研究，就是“做”研究，A项conduct“做，实施”，符合语意，而B、C、D三项的意思依次是：介绍；冲突；指示。
答案：A
6．解析：我们发现一个人与朋友之间的亲密程度取决于这个人的基因，“取决于”：depend。B、C、D三项加上on之后的意思是：基础是；呈现；穿上。都不能和语境契合。
答案：A
7．解析：结合语境：有的人有四个朋友而且互相了解；而有的人有四个朋友，但他们却互不了解(know)。A、B、C三项分别表示：看；检查；学会。
答案：D
8．解析：迪克和哈利是否(whether)互相了解取决于汤姆的基因。A、B、C三项“何时；何地；什么”都不合逻辑。
答案：D
9．解析：由上面的分析我们得知全文都是讲的“基因”，故这里应填A项genes(gene的复数形式)，而B、C、D三项依次表示的意思：大脑；外貌；形象。
答案：A
10．解析：Christakis和他的同事James Fowler此前以研究肥胖、吸烟以及快乐会在朋友之间传播而十分著名，可以确定C、D两项错，因为它们表示否定含义：较不，最不；而这里也没有和那些人“比起来”之意，所以不选A项(better)。这里只是用形容词的最高级形式表示“很，非常，极其”来修饰known(出名)。故B项正确。
答案：B
11．解析：Christakis及同事和Christopher Dawes of UCSD使用了一项全国性数据，这项数据对1 000多对同卵及异卵双胞胎的基因进行了对比。因为是数据(data)，所以最令人迷惑的是A项recorded(记录)，但是这里讲到两类基因，所以比较合理的逻辑应该是compared(比较)。B、C两项所表示的意思依次是：举例证明；描绘。与上面的语境不契合。
答案：D
12．解析：由于双胞胎生活在同一个环境中，而且同卵双胞胎的基因完全相同，而异卵双胞胎有一半的基因相同，所以这些研究有助于发现基因对人各个方面的影响。再加上上文出现的“双胞胎”(twins)可知选C。A、B、D三项的意思依次是：兄弟；姐妹；堂兄妹，都不合乎语境。
答案：C
13．解析：由上一题的解析我们知道：that genes have ______ various things，是定语从句修饰impact(影响)，而have an impact on是个固定词组，意思是：对……有影响。A、C、D三项依次表示：和；为了；对于。都不与impact搭配。
答案：B
14．解析：由第12题的分析我们得知此空填表示“有完全相同的基因”，这四个词中表示这个意思的只有share(分享，共同拥有)，B、C、D三项依次表示“有；拥有；表明”，都不合乎逻辑。
答案：A
15．解析：我们发现人们在介绍朋友互相认识时有一个基因倾向性。“向……介绍”用英语表示就是introduce...to ...，也就是B项。introduce与into，in，from都不是合理的搭配。
答案：B
16．解析：这种倾向性可以用合理的、进化方面的原因来解释。这里是表示“……的原因”，也就是英语中的“reasons for”，而不是with, to, at。
答案：A
17．解析：处于社交圈中的人们可能会对一些有用的信息保密，比如哪些地方有吃的，或者好的投资选择等，这里是举例，即选D项such as例如，A项表示：除此之外还有；B项表示：因为，由于；C项表示：至于。与语境都不能合理地吻合。
答案：D
18．解析：好处只存在于更为谨慎的社交活动中，lie in存在于。A、B、D三项分别表示：躺在；引进；派人去请。这三项都不合适。
答案：C
19．解析：句意：可能自然选择不仅对我们能否抵制一般的感冒有影响……。此空应填上表示“有影响”的动词短语，就是act on。B、C、D三项依次表示：穿上；依赖；(向前)传递 或转发。和上面的语境不相契合。
答案：A
20．解析：由上文的语境我们知道，此空需要填上表示“接触，联系”的名词，即D项：contact。其余A、B、C三项虽然都和with搭配，但都不表示“接触，联系”，它们依次表示：订合同；面对；连接。
答案：D
Ⅱ.语法填空
阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Internet has become part of young people's life. __1__ report shows that 38% of students often use the Internet . Most of them get __2__(use) information on the Internet __3__ use the Internet to help in their studies. But many students don't use it __4__ a good way. Some play games too much, some visit websites __5__ shouldn't look at. So bad things may happen __6__ students spend too much time on the Internet.
__7__ is important for students to use the Internet properly. Now we have a textbook, __8__ uses many examples to teach students some good ways to use the Internet. It gives useful advice.
Some students also make __9__ on the Internet. But if you want to have a face－to－face __10__(meet) with your online friends, let your parents know and meet in a proper place.
答案：
1．A 2.useful 3.and 4.in 5.they 6.if
7．It 8.which 9.friends 10.meeting
语 篇 提 能
阅读理解
A
When researchers made their first clone of an animal, Dolly the Sheep, in 1997, one doctor said, “The genie is out of the bottle，” But_then_he_tried_to_actually_create_the_“genie”_by_making_a_human.
Dr Panayiotis Zavos told the public on October 5th that he could create the first cloned human before the end of the year. He is an expert on human copying and breeding(繁殖)from the University of Kentucky in the United States.
His workers have been stopped from carrying out research in most European Union countries, but Zavos said that fact was not slowing progress.
“It is going well enough, so we may try the first production of cloned embryos(胚胎)in the very near future. That is, three or four months from now.” Cypriot－born Zavos said. He moved to the United States over 30 years ago.
Human cloning could, in effect, create a copy of another living or dead person.
But Zavos insisted there was nothing harmful in the project. As an expert on human reproduction, he said he is only interested in helping couples who cannot naturally have babies to have a child.
“We are not interested in cloning people like Bin Laden, Michael Jackson or Michael Jordan，” the doctor added. “We are only interested in helping a father who does not have the ability to have a biological child of his own.” Zavos said thousands of childless people from all over the world are helping in more than one country.
1．In the underlined sentence, “he” refers to______.
A．the doctor who said “The genie is out of the bottle.”
B．Dolly
C．the writer
D．the genie
2．Dr Panayiotis Zavos______.
A．will clone Bin Laden alike
B．will clone the people he dislikes
C．won't clone great people
D．will clone the ones who cannot bear children naturally
3．We can know from the passage that______.
A．all the people support Zavos's research
B．the research on human reproduction is being done
C．lots of countries are doing research on human cloning
D．the research is being done only in one country
答案与解析：
1．解析：词义判断题。转折词But then表示he不怕genie，反而去创造genie，因而he就是指the doctor。
答案：A
2．解析：细节理解题。答案可从倒数第二段中的“...helping couples who cannot naturally have babies to have a child”一句中找出。
答案：D
3．解析：推理判断题。从最后一段最后一句“...thousands of childless people from all over the world are helping in more than one country”可知，从事该项研究的不止一个国家。
答案：C
B
A recent announcement by scientists that they have successfully cloned the first human embryo(胚胎) has caused much debate and has shocked many people around the world. On the one hand, some scientists point out that if you clone an embryo, you can produce valuable tissues(组织) and organs that could be used to save human lives. On the other hand, many people, including some scientists, disagree and fear that if mankind interferes with(干涉) nature in this way, they may be on their way to producing a real－life Frankenstein's monster.
Cloning is producing an exact copy of a plant or an animal using its cells. The first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly — the sheep. She was born in 1996 and died in early 2003，at a much younger age than normal. When she was born, many people were angry because they thought cloning would create more diseases in the animal world. However, in general the scientists were praised for their wonderful scientific breakthrough.
The Scottish scientist who created Dolly, Ian Wilmut, is shocked that some scientists are now considering cloning human beings. Although he researches cloning, he has never thought of creating copies of humans. Instead, he thinks the scientists should concentrate on creating new tissues and organs that could eventually be used to cure diseases like cancer. However, some people consider that cloning human embryos with the intention of destroying them shows no respect for human lives.
While cloning human embryos is illegal in many countries, some scientists are already pushing ahead with the research so as to deliver a cloned human baby. Severino Antinori, an Italian doctor, is one of the leaders in this field of research. He has declared that he wants to be the first to clone a human being.
In China, scientists have focused their efforts on cloning animals, as well as stem cells to be used in medical research. China has succeeded in producing clones of cows and goats, and continues to research ways in which cloning can benefit mankind.
4．Which of the following statements about cloning is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Cloning technology can only be applied to animals.
B．A cloned animal can live longer than a normal one.
C．People all over the world are happy about the birth of Dolly.
D．Cloning can produce valuable tissues and organs to cure human diseases.
5．The reasons why some people disagree with cloning include the following EXCEPT that ______.
A．cloning may produce a real－life Frankenstein's monster
B．cloning might create more diseases in the animal world
C．cloning human embryos shows no respect for human lives
D．cloning can't help those who want to clone their dead children
6．Who is/are in favor of cloning human beings?
A．Ian Wilmut.
B．Severino Antinori.
C．The author.
D．The Chinese scientists.
答案与解析：
4．解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知D项正确。根据第二段首句可知A项错误。从多莉(Dolly)的例子可知克隆的动物不如正常的动物寿命长，故B项错误。C项与原文第二段第四句话相悖。
答案：D
5．解析：细节理解题。文中提到人们反对克隆技术的原因包括A、B和C三项。而根据第四段第一句“尽管克隆人类胚胎目前在很多国家是非法的，但是有些科学家已经开始加紧研究，以便降生一个克隆的人类婴儿。”并不能判断是否能够克隆出人们死去的孩子，而且这也不是人们反对克隆的原因，故答案为D项。
答案：D
6．解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段第二句可知答案为B项。
答案：B
语 篇 提 能
Ⅰ.完形填空
Have you ever imagined that you could be cloned(克隆) like Dolly the sheep, in the not too distant future?
The news that a human embryo(胚胎) has been __1__ cloned for the first time has caused mixed reactions(反应)．
The __2__ was carried out by scientists from the Advanced Cell Technology Inc (ACT), in Massachusetts, US. The group __3__ the news known on November 25.
This is __4__ human being. A clone is alive, it walks, it breathes, said Jamie Griffon, a(n) __5__ on the study of cloning at New York University School of Medicine.
“This is a set of cells in a lab that will be used to __6__ someone's life.”
Such research could lead to treatment for __7__ such as heart disease, AIDS and even cancer, __8__ scientists.
Despite high hopes from other scientists, the news raised concerns immediately from religious and political leaders. Several __9__ in the US do not allow human cloning. Former President George W. Bush also made it clear that he is __10__ any type of human cloning. However, the scientists at ACT said they have no interest at present in __11__ an early embryo into __12__.
Animals have been cloned repeatedly since Dolly, the sheep __13__ in 1997. And there were no real technical __14__ to stand in the way of scientists making a cloned human embryo.
This time the research group used traditional cloning technology with a human __15__. __16__ it was given DNA from an adult cell, the egg began to __17__. __18__ it was stopped from becoming a baby — at a stage in which it was __19__ a ball of cells. The __20__ technology has been used to clone sheep , cattle and monkeys.
1．A.suddenly B．often
C．successfully D．mainly
2.A.research B．report
C．works D．task
3．A.made B．took
C．said D．had
4．A.a cloned B．a man－made
C．a true D．not a cloned
5.A.worker B．head
C．expert D．assistant
6.A.save B．rescue
C．cure D．treat
7.A.patients B．health
C．diseases D．things
8.A.according to B．including
C．besides D．next
9.A.countries B．nations
C．peoples D．states
10.A.for B．against
C．researching for D．praising
11.A.developing B．building
C．inventing D．discovering
12.A.a baby B．a man
C．a woman D．a white man
13．A.died B．appeared
C．turned up D．was no more
14.A.questions B．affairs
C．business D．problems
15.A.egg B．bless
C．meat D．cell
16.A.Before B．After
C．While D．And
17.A.grow B．die
C．change D．grow up
18.A.And B．But
C．However D．Yet
19.A.yet B．still
C．not D．/
20.A.different B．usual
C．ordinary D．same
答案与解析：
本文讲述来自美国ACT的一些科学家把克隆技术应用到胚胎克隆中，使克隆人成为一种可能。
1．解析：根据上下文可知是人的胚胎成功地被克隆引起了反应。故successfully符合题意。
答案：C
2．解析：research研究，调查；report报道；works著作；task任务。科学家进行的是这项研究，故A项符合题意。
答案：A
3．解析：该句意为“在11月25号这条新闻被发布”，故make the news known符合题意。
答案：A
4．解析：从后文“一个克隆人是活的，能走路，能呼吸……”和“This is a set of cells in a lab ...”可知这里不是一个克隆人。故D项符合题意。
答案：D
5．解析：发表声明的是搞研究的专家。worker工人；head头；expert专家；assistant助手。
答案：C
6．解析：根据下文Such research could lead to treatment for __7__ such as heart disease，AIDS and even cancer ...可知是为了治病救人的。save one's life是固定短语。
答案：A
7．解析：such as heart disease, AIDS and even cancer列举的是一些疾病。故C项符合题意。
答案：C
8．解析：according to根据；including 包括；besides除……之外，另外；next下一个。
答案：A
9．解析：countries国家；nations国家；peoples民族；states州。
答案：D
10．解析：由前文提到的美国几个州不允许克隆人，又Former President George W．Bush also made it clear ...可知他的观点和上面相同。
答案：B
11．解析：develop发展，形成；build建筑，建设；invent发明；discover发现。科学家应该是没有兴趣把胚胎演变成婴儿。
答案：A
12．解析：由上一个题解析可知。
答案：A
13．解析：考查客观事实，克隆羊多莉在1997年出现是个客观事实。
答案：B
14．解析：由上文Animals have been cloned repeatedly since Dolly可知科学家已经掌握了这项技术，故没有任何技术问题。questions表示通过计算得到答案的问题；故problems符合题意。
答案：D
15．解析：由下文the egg began...可知这里是a human egg。
答案：A
16．解析：上下文意思为：在被给了来自人的细胞的DNA后，才开始生长。
答案：B
17．解析：见上题解析。
答案：A
18．解析：根据上下文关系，这里表示转折，however后要用逗号隔开。故But符合题意。
答案：B
19．解析：在它仍然是一个细胞球时，阻止它成为婴儿。still仍然。
答案：B
20．解析：这种技术在其他生物身上被应用了。故应为同一种技术。different不同的；usual往常的；ordinary普通的；same一样的。
答案：D
Ⅱ.阅读理解七选五
There is one word that is on the lips of Americans day and night: “Sorry.” One time as I was walking in the street, a young man ran by hurriedly, brushing against my handbag. Even as he continued on his way, he turned back and said “sorry” to me. __1__
Another time, I stepped on a man's foot in elevator, at the same time, we both said “sorry”. __2__ Later on, an American friend explained to me that according to the American mentality(思想), the elevator is a public place, and everyone should be able to stand in it. After someone occupies a position in the elevator，making it difficult for someone else to find a place to stand，isn't it necessary to express an apology?
If you go to the movies and the tickets happen to be sold out, the ticket seller will say: “Sorry, the tickets are sold out.” __3__
During my stay in America, I often came across situations in which I was supposed to say “sorry”. Gradually, __4__ If someone is troubled, a “sorry” is always necessary. When this happens, even if the other person is hurt, the “sorry” cools tempers(脾气) and human generosity is displayed. __5__
A．The American is very foolish to say sorry to me, I thought.
B．Perhaps this is why I never saw anyone quarreling on the buses，subways or streets of America.
C．Even in a rush，he didn't forget to apologize.
D．Whenever one of your hopes goes unfulfilled, an American will say “sorry”as a sign of sympathy.
E．I knew Americans are always responsible for their deeds.
F．I thought it was interesting. Was it really necessary for him to apologize?
G．I realized that when trouble occurs in daily life, Americans don't care much about who is responsible.
答案：
1－5 CFDGB
语 篇 提 能
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Plant cloning has been an agricultural technique used by farmers and gardeners for centuries. Grafting (嫁接) is a common form of plant cloning. Many plants in nature actually clone themselves and reproduce asexually.
Cloned plants are much more predictable than normal plants, so their yield (产量) is more reliable. Cloned plants also reproduce faster，limiting the amount of time between planting and harvesting. It is also often cheaper to produce seeds through cloning than through traditional methods. Plants can essentially be optimized so that farmers or individual growers always have the best seeds available. With higher yield at a faster rate, farms can produce more food for more people while decreasing overall costs.
Cloning can be used to wipe out diseases that previously killed off entire fields of crops. This would make plants immune to the kinds of diseases that farmers and gardeners around the world fear each year. Crop failures due to disease and virus could become a thing of the past. Also, plants that are near extinction can be brought back to life through cloning.
Through cloning scientists can develop super fruits and vegetables of superior(更好的) nutritional quality. This could make for a healthier population overall. This has already been done through selective pollination(授粉), and genetic cloning could take it to the next level.
By plant cloning we have a population of identical plants and all these plants equally suffer from the same diseases, but in nature the weak would die and the strong would survive. While there are some dangers to consider with plant cloning, there are plenty of benefits that could prove vital to the propagation (繁衍) of the human species.
1．The underlined word “optimized” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “______”．
A．grown B．produced
C．perfected D．examined
2．According to the text，cloned plants ______.
A．have lower yield than normal plants
B．need less care from people
C．prevent various kinds of diseases
D．have a shorter growth cycle
3．What can we infer from the text?
A．The fruits produced by cloned plants taste much better.
B．There are more cloned plants than normal plants now.
C．Plant cloning can disturb the laws of nature.
D．People should avoid eating cloned fruits.
4．What is the main purpose of the text?
A．To warn the negative effects of plant cloning.
B．To show different kinds of plant cloning.
C．To predict the future of plant cloning.
D．To introduce the advantages of plant cloning.
答案与解析：
本文主要介绍了植物克隆的好处。
1．解析：根据so that farmers or individual growers always have the best seeds available可知，optimize与perfect的意思相近。
答案：C
2．解析：从第二段中的Cloned plants also reproduce faster, limiting the amount of time between planting and harvesting可知，克隆的植物的生长周期短。
答案：D
3．解析：从最后一段中的By plant cloning we have a population of identical plants and all these plants equally suffer from the same diseases，but in nature the weak would die and the strong would survive可知，克隆会破坏自然界的规律。
答案：C
4．解析：文章的第二、三、四段都是在介绍植物克隆的好处．所以本文的目的是介绍植物克隆的好处。
答案：D
Ⅱ.书面表达
假如你是Tom，请根据下面表格中的内容提示，用英文给一家英文报社的编辑写一封信，告诉他你们班同学对克隆的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。(词数120左右)
赞成的理由
反对的理由
你的观点
1.克隆技术可挽救濒危生物
2.可再造人体器官用来移植，为老年人和病人带来福音
1.克隆人容易提前衰老和死亡
2.克隆人的出现会使社会混乱
……
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
范文：
Dear editor，
Recently in my class there is a heated debate about “to clone or not to clone”. The students for cloning say that cloning can help to save the wildlife in danger, and we can have more and more wildlife in the world, and it can also help the old and the sick, for example, some cloned organs can be transplanted into their bodies.
However, the students against it say that cloning can speed up the rate of growing and death. What's worse, cloning can make our society confused. There would be two or more of you, two or more of your parents and so on.
In my opinion, cloning is a new technology, so scientists should do their best to make full use of it to help human beings.
Yours，
Tom
模块质量测评五(Module 5)
(时间：90分钟 满分：120分)
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节：(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
A new study shows that fat people in the United States suffer direct economic and social effects because of their size. The findings are from an 8－year study of about 100 000 people. The people studied were between the ages of 16 and 25 when the research began.
The researchers who carried out the study say they consider the people fat if they are in the top of 5% of the measurement in which weight is connected with height. For example, fat women in the study were about 160 centimeters tall and weighed about 90 kilograms. Fat men in the study were about 175 centimeters tall and weighed 100 kilograms. The researchers say that more than 1 000 000 Americans are that big. The researchers found that fat young women were more likely to lose social and economic power even if they were from wealthy families. The fat women also were 20% less likely to get married and they earned an average of about $6 700 a year less than other women. The study showed less severe effect on fat men. They earned an average of about $ 3 000 a year less than other men. Fat men also were 11% less likely to get married.
1．From this passage we know fat people in America were ______.
A．admired B．respected
C．unhealthy D．unpopular
2．Which of the following was NOT mentioned in this passage?
A．The reason why fat people suffered.
B．The cause that caused people to be fat.
C．The standard of fat people.
D．The number of fat people.
3．The underlined word “severe” means ______.
A．economic B．social
C．serious D．favorable
4．Fat people were inferior to(比……差)other people in ______.
A．brain, human rights and payment
B．income, marriage and political rights
C．brain, education and marriage
D．marriage, getting jobs and income
答案与解析：
1．解析：推理判断题。根据第一段首句“一项新的研究表明在美国肥胖者因他们的体型受直接的经济和社会影响之苦。”可判断肥胖者在美国是不受欢迎的。unpopular不受欢迎的。admired＝respected受尊敬的；unhealthy不健康的。
答案：D
2．解析：推理判断题。本文主要讲了在美国有很多肥胖者，肥胖者的人数、肥胖的标准以及为何肥胖者会受经济、社会的影响之苦。文章没有提到造成肥胖者肥胖的原因。
答案：B
3．解析：词义猜测题。从上下文看，美国的肥胖男士所受经济影响不太严重，他们的年均收入大约比正常男士少3 000美元。severe相当于serious，严重的。其他几项不合语境。
答案：C
4．解析：细节理解题。本文主要讲了肥胖者在婚姻、找工作及收入方面与正常人的差别。没有提及在智力、人权和教育等方面的问题。
答案：D
B
From the moment that an animal is born, it has to make decisions. It has to decide which of the things around it are for eating, and which are to be avoided; when to attack and when to run away. The animal is, in fact, playing a very dangerous game with its environment, a game in which it must make decisions — a matter of life or death.
Animals' ability to act reasonably is believed to come partly from what we may call “genetic(遗传性的)learning”， which is different from the individual(个体的) learning that an animal does in the course of its own lifetime. Genetic learning is learning by a species — animals of the same kind as a whole, and it is achieved by selection of those members of each generation that happen to act in the right way. However, the role of genetic learning depends upon how similar the future environment is to the past. The more important individual experience is likely to be, the less important is genetic learning as a means of getting over the problems of the survival game. Because most animals live in ever changing environments from one generation to the next, it is not surprising to find that very few species indeed depend wholly upon genetic learning.
In the great majority of animals, their particular ways of acting in a new environment are a compound(复合体) of individual experience added to the action patterns animals are born with. That is why animals can survive.
5．The animal's life will come to an end ______.
A．if the animal makes a wrong decision
B．if the animal plays a dangerous game
C．when the animal attacks its enemy
D．when the animal runs too slowly
6．Very few species depend entirely on genetic learning because ______.
A．each generation has its own way of learning
B．their environments change all the time
C．they can act reasonably on their own
D．it takes their whole life to learn
7．When the environment doesn't change much, ______.
A．animals can't act in a right way
B．genetic learning is less important for animals
C．individual learning plays a less important role
D．animals cannot get over problems on their own
8．Animals' living on generation after generation depends on ______.
A．their natural action pattern with their own experience
B．the lessons they have learnt during their lifetime
C．their experience in particular environments
D．the knowledge passed on by their parents
答案与解析：
5．解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“...must make decisions — a matter of life or death.”可知如果选择错了就会死掉。
答案：A
6．解析：细节理解题。根据“... animals live in ever changing environments ...it is not surprising to find that very few species indeed wholly upon genetic learning.”这句可知每一代都生活在一直变化的环境中，所以很少生物完全依赖遗传性的学习。
答案：B
7．解析：推理判断题。因为遗传性学习的作用依赖于环境变化程度，所以环境变化小，那遗传性学习作用就大。
答案：C
8．解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“...are a compound of individual experience added to the action patterns animals are born with. That is why animals can survive.”可知物种的生存依赖于本能和生存经验。
答案：A
C
In many countries the standard of living enjoyed by their people had increased rapidly in recent years. Sadly, not everyone in these countries is so fortunate and many people in rich countries are homeless.
The reasons for homelessness are various, but poverty(贫穷) is undoubtedly one of the main causes. The homeless people may have become jobless and then been unable to pay their rent and so no longer have a_roof_over_their_heads. Often, the fact that unemployed people get help from the government prevents this from happening, but not always.
Some homeless people are mentally ill and have no one to look after them. Some are young people who, for one reason or another, have left home and have nowhere to live. Many of them have had a serious disagreement with their parents and have left home, choosing to go to a city and live on the streets. Sometimes they have taken such action because they have been unable to get on with a step－parent.
Many homeless people get into the habit of begging to get enough money to stay alive, but many of the general public refuse to give anything to beggars. Often they are moved on by the police, being accused(指控), whether rightly or wrongly, of forceful begging. There are many who disrespect homeless people.
Some cynics(愤世嫉俗的人) declare that homeless people choose to live the life which they lead. But who would willingly choose to live in a shop doorway, under a bridge or in a cardboard box?
9．According to the text, what causes some people to be homeless?
A．Lack of money.
B．The increased standard of living.
C．No government help.
D．Agreement with their parents.
10．It can be inferred from the text that ______.
A．the homeless are willing to live under a bridge or in a cardboard box
B．you will not find homeless people in countries with a high standard of living
C．the mentally ill live on the streets because they want the company of other homeless people
D．the unemployed who receive help may still be among the homeless
11．In Paragraph 2, “a roof over their heads” most probably means ______.
A．a cap B．a car
C．a home D．a covering
12．The author thinks that the homeless people are ______.
A．pitiful B．troublesome
C．respectable D．admirable
答案与解析：
9．解析：由文章第二段的．..but poverty is undoubtedly one of the main causes可知A项为正确答案。
答案：A
10．解析：推断题。从文中第二段最后一句可推知。
答案：D
11．解析：猜测词义题。由第二段第二句至第三句可得出答案。
答案：C
12．解析：考查分析作者的态度、观点。文章介绍了导致人们homeless的几个原因，最后一段反问句的出现，都体现出作者对homeless people的同情。
答案：A
D
(2013·河北唐山高二检测)
Cloning is a very controversial topic since it affects moral questions about human beings and other living things alike. In February 1997, scientists announced the birth of the first cloned sheep, which opened up future possibilities for cloning. Scientists have cloned both plants and animals successfully. The next step is to clone an actual human being. Before the experiments could begin on this, governments introduced bans on cloning, arguing it was not morally correct. Cloning has its disadvantages but its advantages seem to be greater.
If human cloning experiments were allowed, scientists might find a way to clone a body organ which was exactly the same as an individual's body organ. This would be beneficial to a person who had lost a body organ. Scientists could clone a particular organ for that individual, which would work better than a transplant.
Cloning would certainly increase the possibilities of curing disease, such as cancer and other diseases that were considered incurable. Also, cloning could be used to increase the population of endangered species of animals. It would thus help keep a natural balance on the earth.
Some people would suggest that cloning is unnatural and not ethically correct. In fact, the whole of modern medicine is based on unnaturalness, so cloning would be just another part of that. Besides, as the clones of human beings will have all the characteristics of a normal human being, they will behave like any other human beings would behave, opposite to what many people think.
In conclusion, it is certain that cloning will play an important part in our lives. Therefore, the society and the government should accept this fact and permit the scientists to carry out more research to get rid of any risks connected with cloning.
13．What makes human cloning impossible to carry out?
A．Scientists don't have enough experience in this field.
B．It is too expensive to do such experiments.
C．There is too much pressure from society.
D．Cloning humans is harder than cloning other animals.
14．What benefit does cloning bring to endangered animals?
A．It could save them from dying out.
B．It could make them stronger.
C．It could make them better adapt to the environment.
D．It could make them fight better against their enemies.
15．What would be the best title of the passage?
A．Cloning animals is better.
B．Cloning humans should be permitted.
C．An introduction to cloning.
D．The future of cloning.
答案与解析：
13．解析：细节考查题。根据第一段的Before the experiments could begin on this, governments introduced bans on cloning, arguing it was not morally correct.及倒数第二段中的Some people would suggest that cloning is unnatural and not ethically correct.可知当前克隆人面临的是来自社会的压力。
答案：C
14．解析：细节考查题。根据第三段的Also, cloning could be used to increase the population of endangered species of animals.可知通过克隆，濒危动物的数量增加了，那么它们灭绝的可能性就小了。
答案：A
15．解析：主旨大意题。根据文章的内容可知作者是在说进行人类克隆的好处，因此社会和政府应当允许克隆人，故B项为最佳标题。其他选项都不够全面。
答案：B
第二节：(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Four Goals for Perfect Life
Healthy and Fit
The first goal common to all of us is health and energy. __16__ Today, with the incredible advances in medical science, the quality of our health and fitness, and our lifespan(寿命), is largely determined by design, not by chance. People with excellent health habits are far healthier, have more energy, and live longer and better than people who have poor health habits.
Excellent Relationships
__17__ Fully 85% of your happiness will be determined by the quality of your relationships at each stage, and in each area of your life. How well you get along with people, and how much they like, love and respect you, has more impact on the quality of your life than perhaps any other factor.
Do What You Love
The third common goal is to do work that we enjoy，to do it well，and to be well paid for it. __18__ You want to earn the very most that is possible for you at each stage of your career, whatever you do.
__19__
The fourth goal we all have in common is to achieve financial independence. __20__ You want to be completely free of financial worries. You want to be able to order dinner in a restaurant without using the price listings to determine what you want to eat.
A．We don't want to get the job that we aren't well paid and don't promote faster.
B．Achieve Financial Independence
C．Money is the most important for we can't go without it.
D．You want to reach the point in life where you have enough money so that you never have to worry about money again.
E．You want to be able to get and keep the job you want，to get paid more and promoted faster.
F．The second goal that we all have in common is to enjoy excellent relationships with the people we like and respect, and who like, love and respect us in turn.
G．We all want to be healthy and fit，to have high levels of energy and to live free of pain and illness.
答案：
16－20 GFEBD
第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节：完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
Years ago, Kevin Stephen was a batboy on a New York school baseball team. A player who was__21__up accidentally hit him in the chest with a bat. Kevin's heart stopped beating. __22__， a nurse whose son played on that team was__23__to save his life. “I started first aid on him and he came to__24__，” said Penny Brown, the nurse, who happened to be on her day__25__that day.
Last week Penny was eating at the Hillview Restaurant__26__she began to choke on her food and could__27__breathe. Restaurant employees yelled for Stephen, a volunteer__28__， to come out and help. He saved Mrs Brown. At the restaurant, they realized the__29__twist of fate they had just witnessed. Seven years ago, Brown saved Stephen's life. Now he returned the__30__at 17. It's almost unbelievable. __31__， the fact is that the two people helped each other out in a dangerous__32__. Later, they met__33__at the Fire Hall where Stephen served as a junior firefighter. Stephen__34__Brown with a bunch of flowers, and his parents were also there to__35__her.
Dan Curtis, who trained Stephen at the Fire Hall, said that Stephen later called to express his__36__， because it was what Dan taught him in the first aid class that__37__him able to save Brown. “As a(n) __38__， you can never expect to get a better__39__than that—when somebody takes what they learn in four?hour first aid class and helps people out. This story__40__the importance of receiving training in first aid”， said Dan.
21．A.taking B．warming
C．putting D．going
22．A.Cheerfully B．Immediately
C．Luckily D．Quickly
23．A.unable B．capable
C．able D．active
24．A.her B．us
C．them D．himself
25．A.off B．out
C．away D．aside
26．A.before B．while
C．until D．when
27．A.hardly B．completely
C．extremely D．luckily
28．A.doctor B．worker
C．cook D．firefighter
29．A.frightening B．amazing
C．boring D．exciting
30．A.favor B．debt
C．life D．support
31．A.Instead B．Actually
C．However D．Meanwhile
32．A.place B．position
C．location D．situation
33．A.for once B．once again
C．at the same time D．at one time
34．A.presented B．offered
C．sent D．supplied
35．A.wait B．attend
C．greet D．expect
36．A.suggestion B．appreciation
C．opinion D．idea
37．A.kept B．asked
C．made D．ordered
38．A.leader B．adviser
C．instructor D．director
39．A.reward B．prize
C．answer D．effect
40．A.reminds B．creates
C．indicates D．proves
答案与解析：
21．解析：warm up意为“作热身运动”。
答案：B
22．解析：根据下文一位护士救了他的命，可知此处应选C项。
答案：C
23．解析：be active意为“积极主动”。
答案：D
24．解析：come to oneself意为“复活”。
答案：D
25．解析：on her day off意为“不上班”。
答案：A
26．解析：when意为“这时突然”。
答案：D
27．解析：hardly意为“几乎不”。
答案：A
28．解析：volunteer firefighter意为“消防志愿者”。
答案：D
29．解析：根据七年前后护士与男孩之间的互救，说明这种命运令人惊喜。
答案：B
30．解析：favor此处作名词，意为“恩惠，帮助”。
答案：A
31．解析：however表示转折，意为“然而”。
答案：C
32．解析：in a dangerous situation意为“在危险的情形下”。
答案：D
33．解析：once again意为“又一次”。
答案：B
34．解析：present sb. with sth.意为“将某物献给某人”。
答案：A
35．解析：greet her意为“对她表示问候”。
答案：C
36．解析：appreciation意为“感激”。
答案：B
37．解析：make sb. able意为“使某人能够……”。
答案：C
38．解析：instructor意为“指导者”。
答案：C
39．解析：reward意为“酬谢，报答”。
答案：A
40．解析：prove意为“证明”。
答案：D
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Once, a rich man was near death. He was very upset because he had worked so hard for his money __41__ he hoped he could take it with him to heaven. So he prayed to God he might be able to take some money with him.
__42__ angel heard his pray and appeared. “Sorry, __43__ you can't take your wealth with you.” The man begged the angel to speak to God to see __44__ he might break the rules. The angel reappeared and said that God could allow him to take one suitcase. Excitedly, the man gathered his suitcase and filled it __45__ pure gold bars.
Afterward, he died and showed up in heaven to greet St. Peter. __46__(see) the suitcase, St. Peter said, “Hold on, you can't bring that here！” The man explained that he had God's __47__(permit). St. Peter checked it out, came back and said, “You are right. You are allowed one carry－on bag, but I'm supposed to check its contents (内容) __48__ letting it through.”
St. Peter opened the suitcase to inspect the things __49__ the man found too precious to leave behind and exclaimed (感叹), “You brought pavement? As you can see, the great street of the city of heaven __50__(make) of pure gold！”
答案：
41．that 42.An 43.but 44.if/whether 45.with
46．Seeing 47.permission 48.before 49.that/which
50．is made
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节：短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧ )，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第ll处起)不计分。
Dear Sir/Madam，
I've learned from the newspaper that your company an English secretary. I'm really in this position and hope I can work for you.
I'm 22 years old and leave college this July. I'm excellent student, among the top 3 in my class. I'm good English, spoken English in particular. I often use the computer and I can type very . In my spare time, I read a lot. Poems are my favourite. I enjoy music very much. Being an young person, I like sports and outdoor activities. ， I'm easy－going and I like making . I'm looking forward to your reply.
Best wishes!
Li Hua
第二节：书面表达(满分25分)
作为一名中学生，你肯定经历过很多次考试，体验过成功，也遭遇过失败。请你根据提示内容，简要概述中学生普遍存在的对考试失败的两种态度，并结合自身实际，说明你的观点。
态度一：当考试结果不尽人意时，情绪低落，丧失信心，不再继续努力。
态度二：当考试失败时分析找出失败原因，鼓励自己，增强信心，避免再犯同样的错误。
你的观点：失败乃成功之母，……
注意：
1．短文的内容要连贯、完整。
2．词数：100左右。
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范文：
We middle school students have had many tests or exams and have both achieved success and suffered from failure, but different students have different attitudes towards failure.
Some fall in low spirits when they don't do well in the exams, losing heart and no longer studying as hard as before. However, most students take active attitudes to failure. By encouraging themselves to be self－confident. They find out and analyze the causes so that they will avoid making the same mistake.
In my opinion, failure is the mother of success, which can teach us a lot in the process of reaching our goals, and only by tasting failure can we enjoy the fruit of success.
