Unit 1 How can we become good learners. section A 语法精讲 （无答案）

Unit 1 How can we become good learners (Section A)语法精讲
一、“by+Ving形式”表示方式、方法。
用法 示例
语法结构 介词by意为“通过…;凭（以）…”后面常接动词_________形式，构成“by+________”结构，意为“通过做…的方式”，该结构表示通过做某事而得到某种结果。 翻译： 我通过听录音磁带学习汉语。 __________________________________________________________ 你可以通过读词组来读得更快。 __________________________________________________________
提问方式 对by引导的介词短语提问时，用特殊疑问词__________ 翻译： 你如何备考？______________________________________________ 我通过小组合作来学习。 __________________________________________________________
二、介词by的其他用法。
1.“by+交通工具类名词”意为“乘/坐…”，表示交通方式，表示交通工具的名词一定用单数，前面不加任何冠词或物主代词。
翻译：玛丽每天坐公交车去上学。_________________________________________________________________
2. by表示位置，意为“在…旁边；靠近…”
翻译：老师正靠窗站着___________________________________________________________________________
3. by表示时间，意为“不晚于；在…之前”
翻译：你能在七点之前完成家庭作业吗？_________________________________________________________________
4. 介词by; with与in 表示“用”时的用法辨析。
by 侧重“用”某种手段、交通工具等
with 侧重“用”有形工具、材料、内容等
in 侧重“用”语言、语调、颜色等
翻译：请用英语回答这个问题。________________________________________________________________
三、辨析aloud、loud、与loudly。
aloud 只用作副词，意为“大声地；出声地”多有使别人听得到的意味。常与动词read连用，无比较级。
loud 可作形容词和副词，作副词时意为“高声地；大声地”指在说笑等方便。常与动词speak, talk, laugh, sing等连用，须放在这些动词之后，多用于比较级。
loudly “高声地”，有时与lou通用，但含有“喧闹”的意味。另外，在用于比较级或最高级时通常用loud.
翻译：朗读课文与大声地读课文是有区别的。______________________________________________________________
四、重点句型： It’s too hard to understand spoken English.翻译：________________________________________________
(1) it在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是________________________________________________.这句话包含的句型是_______________________________________ (2) too …to意为_____________________.是_______定结构。too是副词，后接___________________,to是动词不定式符号，后接_____________________.
(3)too...to结构常与_______________________结构互换。
翻译：这个女孩太小了，还不能去上学。_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
五、重点句型：I want to learn new words and more grammar so that I can have a better understanding of English movies.
so that引导__________________,意为______________________,同义结构为____________________,其从句中的谓语动词常和can, may, should等情态动词连用。
课后练习
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. She can become a good learner by __________ (make) word cards.
2. Does _______________ (someone) often arrive late for school
3. They like having___________________ (conversation) with foreigners.
4. That__________ (real) improves her___________ (speak) skills.
5. Let's read aloud ________________ (practice) our __________________ (pronounce).
6. The box is too heavy for him________________ (carry).
7. You should improve your ______________ (speak) English.
8. It takes me half an hour___________ (get) to school.
9. The__________ (hard) you study, the better grades you will get.
10. Last night I met a beautiful girl__________ (call) Li Yan at the supermarket.
选择填空
( )1.__________our teacher is ill,__________ he still comes to our class to teach us.
A. Though; but B. Though; / C. Although; but D. Because; so
( )2. You can improve you English____________practicing more.
A. by B. with C. of D.in
( )3.—There was thick haze(雾霾)in our city this spring. What do you think of it
—I think ____________cars we drive, ______________ pollution our city will have.
the fewer; the fewer B. the fewer; the less
C. the more; the fewer D. the more; the less
( )4. The math problem is so hard. I really don’t know____________
A. how to do it B. how to do C. what to do it
( )5. CCTV-10 often plays __________ around the world. It can help us learn more about not only nature but also different cultures and customs.
A. new something B. something new C. anything new