北京市2023年中考英语真题

北京市2023年中考英语真题
一、单项选择
1．（2023·北京市） My sister enjoys singing and ____favorite subject is music.
A．his B．her C．your D．their
2．（2023·北京市） It' s a good idea to visit Beijing ____October.
A．at B．on C．in D．to
3．（2023·北京市）—Must I stay here and wait for you
—No, you____. You can go home now.
A．needn't B．can't C．mustn't D．shouldn't
4．（2023·北京市） —Which do you like____, swimming or skating
—Swimming.
A．well B．better C．best D．the best
5．（2023·北京市） —____do you tidy your own room
—Twice a week.
A．How often B．How soon C．How much D．How long
6．（2023·北京市） It was difficult to climb the mountain, ____Sam got to the top at last.
A．or B．so C．for D．but
7．（2023·北京市）—Lucy, what are you doing
—I____ a model ship.
A．make B．made C．am making D．was making
8．（2023·北京市） The Shenzhou-15 astronauts____ to Earth safely on June 4, 2023.
A．return B．returned C．will return D．have returned
9．（2023·北京市） If you go to the concert with us tomorrow, you____ a great time there.
A．have B．had C．will have D．have had
10．（2023·北京市） Eric ____ many things since he became interested in science.
A．is learning B．was learning C．will learn D．has learned
11．（2023·北京市） The park is getting more and more beautiful because more kinds of flowers ____every year.
A．are planted B．were planted C．plant D．planted
12．（2023·北京市） —Lily, can you tell me____ during the Dragon Boat Festival this year
—Sure. We ate zongzi and watched a dragon boat race.
A．what you will do B．what you did
C．what will you do D．what did you do
二、完形填空
（2023·北京市）完形填空
Be What' s Missing
Where was that cashier (收银员) Impatient, I quickly looked at my watch. I hardly had enough time to eat a sandwich and rush back to work.
I looked around the nearly empty 13． , but the cashier was nowhere in sight. A woman stood wiping (擦) the far end of the counter. She looked at me coldly with sad, dark eyes.
I 14． , getting angry. I' d been standing there for at least three minutes!
Controlling my anger, I remembered Mom' s words. " Whenever you find yourself in an unpleasant situation, just think about what is missing. If someone is unkind, then kindness is missing. If someone is hateful, then 15． is missing. If we will be what' s missing, then we' ll provide whatever the situation needs. "
And here I was in an unpleasant situation. How should I" be what' s missing" What was missing was 16． . Maybe I should just jump behind the counter and take my own order.
Just then the woman walked slowly towards me. " May I help you " she asked, still 17． . She looked so tired. No doubt, she was overworked.
I took a deep breath. With Mom' s words ringing in my head, I gave the woman my order. . . and smiled. " How are you today "
My question seemed to 18． her. She eyed me for a second before answering. " Not too good. "
" I' m sorry. " I said. " I hope it gets better starting right now. "
She almost smiled as she looked at me. " Thanks. I hope you' re right. "
I thought to myself as I ate my sandwich. We' re all the same, really. We have problems and angers, we get tired and we hurt. We need to be 19． to each other.
After eating, I wiped the table cleaner than usual, and put the tray (托盘) back nicely on the stand. The woman was watching me, a big smile on her face.
" Be what' s missing. " It 20． .
13．A． restaurant B． street C． school D． office
14．A． agreed B． finished C． waited D． left
15．A． trust B． love C． patience D． confidence
16．A． hope B． advice C． money D． service
17．A． nervously B． carefully C． coldly D． kindly
18．A． disappoint B． hurt C． trouble D． surprise
19．A． nicer B． cooler C． closer D． fairer
20．A． said B． worked C． read D． ended
三、任务型阅读
（2023·北京市）任务型阅读
Short Art Courses
A. Wild Art This course is about drawing and painting. You' ll use your new skills to make a wall poster of animals. And we' ve got lots of picture books to give you ideas. B. Art Matters This course teaches you different drawing skills. We' ll get you to draw the latest styles of clothes. If you like designing clothes and want to study it at college,join us!
C. Creative Art This course is about making bags to keep your sports clothes in. We provide lots of materials. And you' ll visit art museums to get some creative ideas. D. Art Magic This course is about telling good stories in pictures. There' ll be cartoon films to watch. and instruction in how to draw your favorite characters.
21．　 　I' m interested in designing clothes and want to study it at college.
Alice
22．　 　I enjoy making wall posters of animals and I' d like to read picture books.
Tony
23．　 　I like making hags and want to visit art museums to get creative ideas.
Harry
四、阅读理解
（2023·北京市）阅读理解
Betty was excited to show her brother David the basket filled with seashells. But David was busy helping Dad get everything back into the car. " What are you going to do with those useless things " he said. " You can' t take them home. "
"But I want these seashells," Betty said unhappily. " Each one is a different shape and size. They are all special. "
Suddenly, David saw the water rising along the beach. He shouted to Betty, " The waves (海浪) are about to take your toys!" As Betty ran to get her things, she called to David, " Please put my seashells into the car!"
Davidwas putting one of the beach chairs into the car when his foot accidentally knocked over the basket. As David lifted a heavy box, he slipped (滑倒) and dropped the box right on top of the seashells, breaking most of them into pieces.
Betty came back with her toys. When she saw her seashells broken, she began to cry. David started to pick up the seashells and place them carefully back into the basket.
Dad tried to explain to Betty that it was an accident. But Betty was still upset. David also felt sad. He thought about what he could do to make it up to his sister. When he got home, he had a perfect idea.
The next morning David waited for Betty with the basket of seashells and some strong glue. He also had a framed (装框的) photo of the two of them. Together they looked through the basket and found several seashells that were not broken and could still be used. Then they glued the seashells to the frame.
" I' m really sorry, Betty. " David said. " Yesterday I was very careless with something special to you. "
Betty looked at her brother and smiled. " You' re the best big brother ever!"
24．What did Betty think of the seashells
A．Clean. B．Useless. C．Expensive. D．Special.
25．Betty began to cry when ____.
A．she slipped and hurt herself
B．she knocked over the basket
C．she saw the broken seashells
D．she told her dad about the accident
26．David glued the seashells to the frame to ____.
A．make it up to his sister B．develop his painting skill
C．prepare a gift for his dad D．make the picture beautiful
（2023·北京市）阅读理解
Do you know that over 1/3 of all food produced in the world goes to waste According to the United Nations (UN), every year around the world, about one billion (十亿) tons of food is wasted. At the same time, there are nearly one billion people who go hungry. Simply 1/4 of the food wasted is enough to keep them out of hunger, In addition, the wasted food produces over three billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), which speeds up climate (气候) change. What can we do to solve this food waste problem
One effective solution is balancing food production with demand (需求). In hotels and other similar places, special instruments should be used so that cooking specialists just prepare and cook food as it is ordered.
Another effective solution is starting programs to reduce (减少) food waste. Stores and buyers can try their best to be creative in food waste reduction. For example, stores can provide customers with instructions telling them how to make full use of food. Buyers can try not fixing their eyes only on food of the best quality (质量). Sometimes, the food of non-top quality is also good enough to eat, or can be bought and then used to make delicious dishes.
One of the hardest solutions to achieve is for each and every one to buy and prepare food with a plan of their own so that less food is wasted. Challenging as it is, the use of meal plans in preparing food can play an important role in ending food waste in the family.
Food recycling is one of the known solutions. Efforts are now already in progress. Food that is not safe for humans to cat is recycled into other products such as animal feeds and clothing. Yet, there is still a long way to go and much for improvement in this area.
In a word, food waste has been one of the biggest problems in the world that have influenced us greatly. Many solutions have been found and many more are yet to be worked out. If each of us can put in more efforts,food waste is sure to be reduced for the good of our future.
27．According to the passage, what is a possible result of food waste
A．The problem of worldwide hunger.
B．A big increase in food production.
C．The speed-up of climate change.
D．A sudden drop in population.
28．What can we learn from the passage
A．Food recycling has been hugely successful.
B．Buyers should give up non-top quality food.
C．Stores should train people to make delicious dishes.
D．Meal plans in the family are hand to put into practice.
29．What is the passage mainly about
A．Benefits of reducing food waste.
B．Solutions to the food waste problem.
C．The importance of fighting food waste.
D．The attitude to the food waste problem.
（2023·北京市） 阅读理解
When considering the kind of experience that makes life better, most people first think that happiness depends on experiencing pleasure: good food, good jobs, all the comforts that money can buy. If we couldn' t havethese, we might as well sit in front of the television on a quiet evening.
Pleasure is an important part of the quality of life, but by itself it doesn' t bring happiness. When people think further about what makes a worthy life, they tend (倾向于) to move beyond pleasant memories and begin to remember other events, other experiences that overlap (有重叠) pleasurable ones but fall into a group with a separate name: enjoyment. Enjoyable events take place when people have not only satisfied a need or met some earlier expectation, but also achieved something unexpected.
Enjoyment is characterized by a sense of curiosity, of achievement. Playing a tennis game that improves one' s ability is enjoyable, as is reading a book that shows things in a new light, as is having a conversation that leads us to express ideas we didn' t know we had. None of these experiences may be especially pleasurable when they are taking place, but when we think back on them afterwards, we would say. " That really was fun" and wish they would happen again. After an enjoyable event we know that we have changed, and grown.
Experiences that give pleasure can also give enjoyment, but the two feelings are quite different. For example, everybody takes pleasure in eating. However, to enjoys food is more difficult—you have to pay enough attention to a meal, so as to sense and tell its various tastes. As this example suggests, we can experience pleasure without any psychic energy, while enjoyment happens only as a result of full attention. A person can feelpleasure without any effort, as long as certain parts in his brain are stimulated (刺激). But it' s impossible to enjoy a tennis game or a book without full attention. It' s for this reason that pleasure does not last long, nor does it make us grow. Growth requires full attention to goals that are new, that are relatively challenging.
Without enjoyment, life will go on, and it can even be pleasant. But it depends heavily on luck and theexternal (外部的) environment. To achieve personal control over the quality of experience, however, we need to learn how to build enjoyment into what happens day in, day out.
30．You will most probably experience enjoyment when you ____.
A．buy expensive shoes
B．order a delicious meal
C．talk with friends for new ideas
D．sit quietly in front of a television
31．What do you know about pleasure and enjoyment from the passage
A．Enjoyment grows out of pleasure.
B．Pleasure and enjoyment come hand in hand.
C．Pleasurable experiences are part of enjoyable ones.
D．Some experiences provide both pleasure and enjoyment.
32．The words" psychic energy" in Paragraph 4 are closest in meaning to ____.
A．attention B．interest C．ability D．knowledge
33．The writer probably agrees that ____.
A．feeling pleasure stops people from achieving growth
B．feeling enjoyment comes with achieving growth
C．a worthy life depends on luck and environment
D．pleasure is the keyto a happyand worthy life
五、任务型阅读
（2023·北京市） 任务型阅读
My 100 Days Without a Mobile Phone
When was the last time you left home without your mobile phone Can you imagine yourself living a month, or even a year without checking your mobile phone from time to time
As a busy modern person with lots of social connections, plans and responsibilities, I just cannot afford to not be in touch with the rest of the world. Staying connected to other people is a big part of my life. However, sometimes it can be bothersome (恼人的).
One day I discovered I was terribly tired out. I tried turning notifications (通知) off. But the fear of missing out something important made me check the phone more often than before. So, I simply stopped using my phone.
Well, to tell the truth, it was not simple at all. For the first couple of days, I had a big fear that all of my friends would soon forget about me. When I had a free moment, I had no idea what to get myself distracted (分心的) with, and the worries mixed with boredom kept bothering me.
However, after three weeks without a mobile phone, I started noticing changes—changes which I liked, and which drove me to not just continue the experiment, but in fact to reorganize some of my habits.
First of all, I noticed that I became much more focused (专注的). Before, while doing something, I would often find myself wondering what was going on online. After a month of staying away from my mobile phone, I found that the urge (冲动) was already not that strong and that my ability to focus improved.
I discovered that the world is a beautiful place. Before, I would look at it through my camera mostly: take a photo, post it, get some likes. Now, I saw beautiful people walking around and I sensed the seasons change. I could understand the actual beauty of the world, and I did not need anyone else to prove the value of this beauty through likes or shares.
Now, as 100 days have passed, I can say that the experiment was worth it. I am planning to stay away from my phone for as long as possible.
34．What made the writer check the phone more often than before
35．When did the writer start noticing his changes
36．What does the writer plan to do with his phone after the experiment
37．Would you like to follow the writer' s example Why or why not (Pleasegive two reasons. )
六、书面表达
38．（2023·北京市）从下面两个题目中任选一题, 根据所给提示, 完成一篇不少于50 词的英语文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
题目①
假设你是李华。你们班想在毕业之前为学校做一件有意义的事, 如种植纪念树、去校图书馆整理图书等。你打算邀请交换生Peter参加这次活动。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件, 告诉他活动内容、意义及安排。
提示词语: invite, plant, meaningful, beautiful, library
提示问题: . What activity do you plan to do
Why do you want to organize this activity
When and where will you have this activity
Dear Peter,
How is everything going
Hope to hear from you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
题目②
同学们参加过各种各样的社团, 如篮球队、合唱团等。
假设你是李华。请你用英语写一篇短文给学校英文网站投稿, 介绍一个你参加过的社团, 谈谈这个社团的活动内容以及你的收获。
提示词语: take part in, practice, skill, benefit, progress
提示问题: What club did you join
What did you do in the club
What have you learned from the experience
答案解析部分
1．【答案】B
【知识点】代词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：我姐姐喜欢唱歌，她最喜欢的科目是音乐。A.他的，B.她的，C.你的，D.他们的。根据主语 My sister ，可知是女她，应用形容词性物主代词her。故选B。
【点评】考查代词辨析。注意熟记动词sing"唱歌"：第三人称单数： sings；现在分词： singing；过去式： sang；过去分词： sung。
2．【答案】C
【知识点】介词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：十月访问北京是个好主意。A、at：通常用于表示具体的时间点，如"at noon"（在中午），"at 3 pm"（在下午三点）。B、on：通常用于表示具体的某一天，如"on Sunday"（在周日），"on the first day of October"（在十月的第一天）。C、in：用于表示时间段的范围，包括年份、月份、季节等。D、to：在这个语境中，to不是用作介词表示时间，而是表示方向或目的。所以这里不适用。 根据 October（十月）是一个月份，可知介词用in。故选C。
【点评】考查介词辨析。注意介词at、on、in后面接时间的不同用法。
3．【答案】A
【知识点】情态动词
【解析】【分析】句意：——我必须呆在这里等你吗？——不，你不必。你现在可以回家了。A.不需要/不必；B.不能；C.禁止；D.不应该。根据 You can go home now. 你现在可以回家了，可知不必等。故选A。
【点评】考查情态动词。注意熟记动词go"去"：第三人称单数： goes；现在分词： going；过去式： went；过去分词： gone。
【知识点】副词的比较级和最高级
【解析】【分析】句意：——你更喜欢游泳还是滑冰？——游泳。A.好地；B.更；C.最；D.最。根据 swimming or skating 游泳还是滑冰，可知是询问更喜欢游泳还是滑冰，应用副词比较级better。故选B。
【点评】考查副词比较级。注意熟记动词swim"游泳"：第三人称单数： swims；现在分词： swimming；过去式： swam；过去分词： swum。
5．【答案】A
【知识点】疑问词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：——你多久整理一次自己的房间？——一周两次。A.多久一次；B.多快；C.多少钱；D.多长时间。根据 Twice a week. 一周两次，可知是询问多久一次，应用how often。故选A。
【点评】考查疑问词辨析。注意熟记动词tidy"整理"：第三人称单数： tidies；现在分词： tidying；过去式： tidied；过去分词： tidied。
6．【答案】D
【知识点】连词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：爬那座山很难，但山姆终于爬到了山顶。A.或者；B.所以；C.为了；D.但是。根据 It was difficult to climb the mountain 爬那座山很难，可知"山姆终于爬到了山顶"为转折，应用转折连词but。故选D。
【点评】考查连词辨析。注意熟记动词get"到达"：第三人称单数： gets；现在分词： getting；过去式： got；过去分词： got gotten。
7．【答案】C
【知识点】现在进行时
【解析】【分析】句意：——露西，你在干什么？——我正在做一艘模型船。A.一般现在时；B.一般过去时；C.现在进行时；D.过去进行时。根据Lucy, what are you doing 露西，你在干什么？可知动作此时正在进行，应用现在进行时。故选C。
【点评】考查现在进行时。注意熟记动词make"制作"：第三人称单数： makes；现在分词： making；过去式： made；过去分词： made。
8．【答案】B
【知识点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：神舟十五号航天员于2023年6月4日安全返回地球。A.一般现在时；B.一般过去时；C.一般将来时；D.现在完成时。根据时间状语on June 4, 2023，可知动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故选B。
【点评】考查一般过去时。注意熟记动词return"返回"：第三人称单数： returns；现在分词： returning；过去式： returned；过去分词： returned。
9．【答案】C
【知识点】一般将来时
【解析】【分析】句意：如果你明天和我们一起去听音乐会，你在那里会玩得很开心。A.一般现在时；B.一般过去时；C.一般将来时；D.现在完成时。根据时间状语tomorrow，可知动作发生在将来，应用一般将来时。故选C。
【点评】考查一般将来时。注意熟记动词have"有"：第三人称单数： has；现在分词： having；过去式： had；过去分词： had。
10．【答案】D
【知识点】过去开始发生的动作一直持续到现在
【解析】【分析】句意：自从孙对科学感兴趣以来，他学到了很多东西。A.现在进行时；B.过去进行时；C.一般将来时；D.现在完成时。根据 since he became interested in science 自从孙对科学感兴趣以来，可知动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时。故选D。
【点评】考查现在完成时。注意熟记动词learn"学习"：第三人称单数： learns；现在分词： learning；过去式： learnt learned；过去分词： learnt learned。
11．【答案】A
【知识点】一般现在时的被动语态
【解析】【分析】句意：这个公园变得越来越美丽，因为每年都会种植更多种类的花。A.一般现在时的被动语态，主语为第二人称或复数；B.一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第二人称或复数；C.一般现在时；D.一般过去时。根据时间状语 every year 每年，可知句子时态应用一般现在时，再根据主语flower和动词plant"种植"之间的被动关系，可知应用一般现在时的被动语态are planted。故选A。
【点评】考查一般现在时的被动语态。注意熟记动词plant"种植"：第三人称单数： plants；现在分词： planting；过去式： planted；过去分词： planted。
12．【答案】B
【知识点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：——莉莉，你能告诉我今年端午节你做了什么吗？——当然。我们吃粽子，看龙舟比赛。A.你将会做什么，一般将来时的陈述语序；B.你做了什么，一般过去时的陈述语序；C.你将会做什么，一般将来时的疑问语序；D.你做了什么，一般过去时的疑问语序。根据答语 We ate zongzi and watched a dragon boat race. 我们吃粽子，看龙舟比赛，可知时态为一般过去时；再根据谓语动词tell，可知句子为宾语从句，语序为陈述语序 what you did 。故选B。
【点评】考查一般过去时。注意熟记动词do"做"：第三人称单数： does；现在分词： doing；过去式： did；过去分词： done。
【答案】13．A；14．C；15．B；16．D；17．C；18．D；19．A；20．B
【知识点】人生百味类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】大意：作者通过自己点餐的经历告诉我们做缺失的东西。
【点评】考查完形填空。第一遍首先快速阅读文章，把握文章大意；其次重点查看空格句，联系上下文，理解句意，选出正确答案；最后带着答案阅读一遍文章进行复查。
13．句意：我环视了一下几乎空无一人的餐厅，却看不到收银员。A：餐厅；B：街道；C：学校；D：办公室。根据上文 I hardly had enough time to eat a sandwich and rush back to work. 我几乎没有足够的时间吃三明治然后赶回工作岗位，可知应是在餐厅。故选A。
14．句意：我等着，很生气。A：同意；B：完成；C：等待；D：离开。根据 I' d been standing there for at least three minutes! 我已经站在那里至少三分钟了！可知作者在等待。故选C。
15．句意：如果一个人是可恨的，那么爱就是缺失的。A：信任；B：爱；C：耐心；D：信心。根据上文 If someone is unkind, then kindness is missing. 如果有人不友善，那么善良就缺失了，可知如果一个人是可恨的，那么爱就是缺失的。故选B。
16．句意：缺少的是服务。A：希望；B：建议；C：钱；D：服务。根据下文 Maybe I should just jump behind the counter and take my own order. 也许我应该跳到柜台后面，自己点菜，可知此处缺少服务。故选D。
17．句意：她问道，仍然很友好。A：紧张地；B：小心地；C：冷淡地；D：友好地。根据下文She looked so tired. No doubt, she was overworked. 她看起来很累。毫无疑问，她工作过度了，可知此处应是强调依然友好地服务客人。故选C。
18．句意：我的问题似乎让她大吃一惊。A：使失望；B：伤害；C：麻烦；D：惊讶。根据下文 She eyed me for a second before answering. 她看了我一会儿才回答，可知收银员是惊讶的。故选D。
19．句意：我们需要对彼此更好。A：更好；B：更冷；C：更近；D：更公平。根据上文We have problems and angers, we get tired and we hurt. 我们有问题和愤怒，我们累了，我们受伤了，可知此处作者应是强调我们需要对彼此更好。故选A。
20．句意："做缺失的东西。"它奏效了。A：说；B：奏效；C：阅读；D：结束。根据上文The woman was watching me, a big smile on her face. 那个女人看着我，脸上挂着灿烂的笑容，可知"做缺失的东西。"它奏效了。故选B。
【答案】21．B
22．A
23．C
【知识点】广告布告类；说明文
【解析】【分析】大意：文章介绍了四个艺术俱乐部。
【点评】考查阅读理解，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案。
21．细节理解题。根据B We' ll get you to draw the latest styles of clothes. If you like designing clothes and want to study it at college,join us! 我们会让你画最新款式的衣服。如果你喜欢设计服装并想在大学学习，请加入我们！可知Alice应加入B. Art Matters艺术事项。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据A This course is about drawing and painting. You' ll use your new skills to make a wall poster of animals. And we' ve got lots of picture books to give you ideas. 这门课是关于绘画的。你将用你的新技能制作一幅动物海报。我们有很多图画书可以给你一些想法，可知Tony应加入A.WILD Art野生艺术。故选A。
23．细节理解题。根据C This course is about making bags to keep your sports clothes in. We provide lots of materials. And you' ll visit art museums to get some creative ideas. 这门课程是关于制作包来装你的运动服的。我们提供很多材料。你还会参观美术馆，获得一些创意，可知Harry应加入C Creative Art 创意艺术 。故选C。
【答案】24．D
25．C
26．A
【知识点】人生百味类；记叙文；细节理解
【解析】【分析】大意： 文章讲述了哥哥David 在放沙滩椅时不小心打翻了并摔碎了妹妹装贝壳的篮子，他想尽办法弥补，最后他用胶水把没摔坏的贝壳粘在一个带框的照片上，Betty 原谅了他，称赞他是最好的哥哥的故事。
【点评】考查阅读理解。文章是记叙文，问题的设置一般跟情节发展贴合，可首先阅读题干，再在阅读文章的过程中找到问题的答案。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段" But I want these seashells," Betty said unhappily. " Each one is a different shape and size. They are all special. " "但是我想要这些贝壳，"贝蒂不高兴地说。"每一个都有不同的形状和大小。它们都很特别。"，可知她认为都是特别的。故选D。
25．细节理解题。根据第五段When she saw her seashells broken, she began to cry. 当她看到自己的贝壳碎了，她哭了起来，可知是看到自己的贝壳碎了。故选C。
26．细节理解题。根据倒数第四段 He thought about what he could do to make it up to his sister. 他想他能做些什么来补偿他的妹妹，可知是为了补偿妹妹。故选A。
【答案】27．C
28．D
29．B
【知识点】环保类；议论文；细节理解
【解析】【分析】大意：文章主要讲述了全球三分之一以上的食物被浪费的问题，与此同时，近十亿人却在挨饿。 解决食物浪费问题有许多方法，如平衡食物生产与需求，启动减少食物浪费的计划，每个人在购买和准备食物时有计划，以及食物回收等。
【点评】考查阅读理解。主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
27．细节理解题。根据第一段Simply 1/4 of the food wasted is enough to keep them out of hunger, In addition, the wasted food produces over three billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), which speeds up climate (气候) change.仅仅浪费1/4的食物就足以让他们免于饥饿。此外，浪费的食物会产生超过30亿吨的二氧化碳，这会加速气候变化，可知食物浪费会加速气候变化。故选C。
28．细节理解题。根据第四段 One of the hardest solutions to achieve is for each and every one to buy and prepare food with a plan of their own so that less food is wasted. 最难实现的解决方案之一是让每个人都有自己的计划来购买和准备食物，这样就可以减少浪费的食物，可知家里的膳食计划是亲手制定的。故选D。
29．主旨大意题。文章介绍了解决食物浪费问题的许多方法，如平衡食物生产与需求，启动减少食物浪费的计划，每个人在购买和准备食物时有计划，以及食物回收等，可知文章主要是关于解决食物浪费的办法。故选B。
【答案】30．C
31．D
32．A
33．B
【知识点】人生百味类；议论文；细节理解；推理判断
【解析】【分析】大意：文章主要论述了快乐和享受的区别。
【点评】考查阅读理解。注意首先查看题干，划取问题关键词；再仔细阅读文章，排除错误及无关选项，选择正确答案。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段Enjoyment is characterized by a sense of curiosity, of achievement. Playing a tennis game that improves one' s ability is enjoyable, as is reading a book that shows things in a new light, as is having a conversation that leads us to express ideas we didn' t know we had. 享受的特点是好奇心和成就感。打一场能提高能力的网球是一件令人愉快的事，读一本以新的视角展示事物的书也是如此，进行一次对话能让我们表达我们不知道自己有什么想法也是如此，可知当年和朋友讨论新观点的时候可以感受到享受。故选C。
31．细节理解题。根据第五段Experiences that give pleasure can also give enjoyment, but the two feelings are quite different. 给人快乐的经历也能给人享受，但这两种感觉截然不同，可知有些经历提供了快乐和享受。故选D。
32．词义猜测题。根据 while enjoyment happens only as a result of full attention. 而享受只是全神贯注的结果，可知我们可以在没有任何精神能量的情况下体验快乐， psychic energy近义词为attention"注意力"。故选A。
33．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段A person can feelpleasure without any effort, as long as certain parts in his brain are stimulated (刺激). But it' s impossible to enjoy a tennis game or a book without full attention. It' s for this reason that pleasure does not last long, nor does it make us grow. Growth requires full attention to goals that are new, that are relatively challenging. 只要大脑中的某些部分受到刺激，一个人就可以毫不费力地感受到快乐。但如果不全神贯注，就不可能享受网球比赛或书籍。正是因为这个原因，快乐不会长久，也不会让我们成长。增长需要充分关注新的、相对具有挑战性的目标，可知作者认为享受伴随着成长。故选B。
【答案】34．The fear of missing out something important.
35．After three weeks.
36．Stay away from the phone for as long as possible.
37．Yes, I' d like to. Because I also want to be more focused, and I would like to see the beautiful world through my eyes. /No. Because I can use the phone to know more news about the world. And I can play games in my free time. /. . .
【知识点】任务型阅读；社会现象类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】大意：文章讲述了作者戒掉手机的原因，以及收获等。
【点评】考查任务型阅读。注意首先查看题干，划取问题关键词；再仔细阅读文章，根据关键词锁定答案，根据题干要求进行作答。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段But the fear of missing out something important made me check the phone more often than before. So, I simply stopped using my phone. 但由于害怕错过重要的事情，我比以前更频繁地查看手机。所以，我干脆停止使用我的手机，可知是害怕错过重要的事情。故答案为： The fear of missing out something important.
35．细节理解题。根据第五段However, after three weeks without a mobile phone, I started noticing changes然而，在没有手机的三周后，我开始注意到变化，可知是三周后。故答案为： After three weeks.
36．细节理解题。根据最后一段 I am planning to stay away from my phone for as long as possible. 可知，作者打算尽可能长时间地远离手机。故答案为： Stay away from the phone for as long as possible.
37．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段First of all, I noticed that I became much more focused (专注的). 首先，我注意到我变得更加专注了，可知可回答愿意跟随作者的示例，因为可以变得更专注等。故答案为：Yes, I' d like to. Because I also want to be more focused, and I would like to see the beautiful world through my eyes. /No. Because I can use the phone to know more news about the world. And I can play games in my free time. /. . .
38．【答案】①Dear Peter,
How is everything going I' m writing to invite you to join us. As we are going to graduate, our classmates plan to plant a tree together. We all know that trees can stop the wind from blowing the sand, and they can also make our school beautiful. So we decide to plant a tree for our school. Next Sunday, we will meet at the gate of the school and then go to the playground. We will dig a hole, plant the tree and then water it. I believe we all will have a great time.
Hope to hear from you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
②I have been in the basketball club for three years. We used to practice from Monday to Friday, and on the weekend, we played games with other teams. During the three years, my skill of playing basketball improved a lot. And I also made a lot of friends. Playing basketball not only help me keep fit, but also helps me understand the importance of teamwork. I will keep playing and try to be good at it.
【知识点】材料作文；书信、电子邮件
【解析】题目①
【分析】这是一篇材料作文，要求用英文给交换生Peter写一封电子邮件, 告诉他在毕业之前为学校做一件有意义的事的活动内容、意义及安排。写作内容包括活动内容、意义及安排。根据内容要求可知本文的主要时态为一般将来时，人称为第一人称。注意并列连词的使用和主谓一致问题，写作中要注意上下文的过渡和逻辑，要符合英语的表达习惯。
【点评】这篇短文对活动内容、意义及安排三个方面进行了逐一论述。内容全面、详尽，意思连贯，表达清楚，时态和人称的运用灵活准确。其中使用的we know that+宾语从句等句型使得文章的逻辑性大大增强；使用的plan to do sth.计划做某事，make sth.+adj.使……怎么样，have a great time玩得开心等短语增加了文章的可读性。日常进行写作训练注意多运用常见句式和短语，使表达更为流畅。
题目②
【分析】这是一篇材料作文，要求用英语写一篇短文给学校英文网站投稿, 介绍一个你参加过的社团, 谈谈这个社团的活动内容以及你的收获。写作内容包括 社团的活动内容以及你的收获。 根据内容要求可知本文的主要时态为一般过去时，人称为第一人称。注意并列连词的使用和主谓一致问题，写作中要注意上下文的过渡和逻辑，要符合英语的表达习惯。
【点评】这篇短文对 社团的活动内容以及收获进行了逐一论述。内容全面、详尽，意思连贯，表达清楚，时态和人称的运用灵活准确。其中使用的used to sb. to do sth.过去常常做某事，play with和……一起玩，help sb. do sth.帮助某人做某事等短语增加了文章的可读性。日常进行写作训练注意多运用常见句式和短语，使表达更为流畅。
1 / 1北京市2023年中考英语真题
一、单项选择
1．（2023·北京市） My sister enjoys singing and ____favorite subject is music.
A．his B．her C．your D．their
【答案】B
【知识点】代词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：我姐姐喜欢唱歌，她最喜欢的科目是音乐。A.他的，B.她的，C.你的，D.他们的。根据主语 My sister ，可知是女她，应用形容词性物主代词her。故选B。
【点评】考查代词辨析。注意熟记动词sing"唱歌"：第三人称单数： sings；现在分词： singing；过去式： sang；过去分词： sung。
2．（2023·北京市） It' s a good idea to visit Beijing ____October.
A．at B．on C．in D．to
【答案】C
【知识点】介词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：十月访问北京是个好主意。A、at：通常用于表示具体的时间点，如"at noon"（在中午），"at 3 pm"（在下午三点）。B、on：通常用于表示具体的某一天，如"on Sunday"（在周日），"on the first day of October"（在十月的第一天）。C、in：用于表示时间段的范围，包括年份、月份、季节等。D、to：在这个语境中，to不是用作介词表示时间，而是表示方向或目的。所以这里不适用。 根据 October（十月）是一个月份，可知介词用in。故选C。
【点评】考查介词辨析。注意介词at、on、in后面接时间的不同用法。
3．（2023·北京市）—Must I stay here and wait for you
—No, you____. You can go home now.
A．needn't B．can't C．mustn't D．shouldn't
【答案】A
【知识点】情态动词
【解析】【分析】句意：——我必须呆在这里等你吗？——不，你不必。你现在可以回家了。A.不需要/不必；B.不能；C.禁止；D.不应该。根据 You can go home now. 你现在可以回家了，可知不必等。故选A。
【点评】考查情态动词。注意熟记动词go"去"：第三人称单数： goes；现在分词： going；过去式： went；过去分词： gone。
4．（2023·北京市） —Which do you like____, swimming or skating
—Swimming.
A．well B．better C．best D．the best
【答案】B
【知识点】副词的比较级和最高级
【解析】【分析】句意：——你更喜欢游泳还是滑冰？——游泳。A.好地；B.更；C.最；D.最。根据 swimming or skating 游泳还是滑冰，可知是询问更喜欢游泳还是滑冰，应用副词比较级better。故选B。
【点评】考查副词比较级。注意熟记动词swim"游泳"：第三人称单数： swims；现在分词： swimming；过去式： swam；过去分词： swum。
5．（2023·北京市） —____do you tidy your own room
—Twice a week.
A．How often B．How soon C．How much D．How long
【答案】A
【知识点】疑问词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：——你多久整理一次自己的房间？——一周两次。A.多久一次；B.多快；C.多少钱；D.多长时间。根据 Twice a week. 一周两次，可知是询问多久一次，应用how often。故选A。
【点评】考查疑问词辨析。注意熟记动词tidy"整理"：第三人称单数： tidies；现在分词： tidying；过去式： tidied；过去分词： tidied。
6．（2023·北京市） It was difficult to climb the mountain, ____Sam got to the top at last.
A．or B．so C．for D．but
【答案】D
【知识点】连词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：爬那座山很难，但山姆终于爬到了山顶。A.或者；B.所以；C.为了；D.但是。根据 It was difficult to climb the mountain 爬那座山很难，可知"山姆终于爬到了山顶"为转折，应用转折连词but。故选D。
【点评】考查连词辨析。注意熟记动词get"到达"：第三人称单数： gets；现在分词： getting；过去式： got；过去分词： got gotten。
7．（2023·北京市）—Lucy, what are you doing
—I____ a model ship.
A．make B．made C．am making D．was making
【答案】C
【知识点】现在进行时
【解析】【分析】句意：——露西，你在干什么？——我正在做一艘模型船。A.一般现在时；B.一般过去时；C.现在进行时；D.过去进行时。根据Lucy, what are you doing 露西，你在干什么？可知动作此时正在进行，应用现在进行时。故选C。
【点评】考查现在进行时。注意熟记动词make"制作"：第三人称单数： makes；现在分词： making；过去式： made；过去分词： made。
8．（2023·北京市） The Shenzhou-15 astronauts____ to Earth safely on June 4, 2023.
A．return B．returned C．will return D．have returned
【答案】B
【知识点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：神舟十五号航天员于2023年6月4日安全返回地球。A.一般现在时；B.一般过去时；C.一般将来时；D.现在完成时。根据时间状语on June 4, 2023，可知动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故选B。
【点评】考查一般过去时。注意熟记动词return"返回"：第三人称单数： returns；现在分词： returning；过去式： returned；过去分词： returned。
9．（2023·北京市） If you go to the concert with us tomorrow, you____ a great time there.
A．have B．had C．will have D．have had
【答案】C
【知识点】一般将来时
【解析】【分析】句意：如果你明天和我们一起去听音乐会，你在那里会玩得很开心。A.一般现在时；B.一般过去时；C.一般将来时；D.现在完成时。根据时间状语tomorrow，可知动作发生在将来，应用一般将来时。故选C。
【点评】考查一般将来时。注意熟记动词have"有"：第三人称单数： has；现在分词： having；过去式： had；过去分词： had。
10．（2023·北京市） Eric ____ many things since he became interested in science.
A．is learning B．was learning C．will learn D．has learned
【答案】D
【知识点】过去开始发生的动作一直持续到现在
【解析】【分析】句意：自从孙对科学感兴趣以来，他学到了很多东西。A.现在进行时；B.过去进行时；C.一般将来时；D.现在完成时。根据 since he became interested in science 自从孙对科学感兴趣以来，可知动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时。故选D。
【点评】考查现在完成时。注意熟记动词learn"学习"：第三人称单数： learns；现在分词： learning；过去式： learnt learned；过去分词： learnt learned。
11．（2023·北京市） The park is getting more and more beautiful because more kinds of flowers ____every year.
A．are planted B．were planted C．plant D．planted
【答案】A
【知识点】一般现在时的被动语态
【解析】【分析】句意：这个公园变得越来越美丽，因为每年都会种植更多种类的花。A.一般现在时的被动语态，主语为第二人称或复数；B.一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第二人称或复数；C.一般现在时；D.一般过去时。根据时间状语 every year 每年，可知句子时态应用一般现在时，再根据主语flower和动词plant"种植"之间的被动关系，可知应用一般现在时的被动语态are planted。故选A。
【点评】考查一般现在时的被动语态。注意熟记动词plant"种植"：第三人称单数： plants；现在分词： planting；过去式： planted；过去分词： planted。
12．（2023·北京市） —Lily, can you tell me____ during the Dragon Boat Festival this year
—Sure. We ate zongzi and watched a dragon boat race.
A．what you will do B．what you did
C．what will you do D．what did you do
【答案】B
【知识点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：——莉莉，你能告诉我今年端午节你做了什么吗？——当然。我们吃粽子，看龙舟比赛。A.你将会做什么，一般将来时的陈述语序；B.你做了什么，一般过去时的陈述语序；C.你将会做什么，一般将来时的疑问语序；D.你做了什么，一般过去时的疑问语序。根据答语 We ate zongzi and watched a dragon boat race. 我们吃粽子，看龙舟比赛，可知时态为一般过去时；再根据谓语动词tell，可知句子为宾语从句，语序为陈述语序 what you did 。故选B。
【点评】考查一般过去时。注意熟记动词do"做"：第三人称单数： does；现在分词： doing；过去式： did；过去分词： done。
二、完形填空
（2023·北京市）完形填空
Be What' s Missing
Where was that cashier (收银员) Impatient, I quickly looked at my watch. I hardly had enough time to eat a sandwich and rush back to work.
I looked around the nearly empty 13． , but the cashier was nowhere in sight. A woman stood wiping (擦) the far end of the counter. She looked at me coldly with sad, dark eyes.
I 14． , getting angry. I' d been standing there for at least three minutes!
Controlling my anger, I remembered Mom' s words. " Whenever you find yourself in an unpleasant situation, just think about what is missing. If someone is unkind, then kindness is missing. If someone is hateful, then 15． is missing. If we will be what' s missing, then we' ll provide whatever the situation needs. "
And here I was in an unpleasant situation. How should I" be what' s missing" What was missing was 16． . Maybe I should just jump behind the counter and take my own order.
Just then the woman walked slowly towards me. " May I help you " she asked, still 17． . She looked so tired. No doubt, she was overworked.
I took a deep breath. With Mom' s words ringing in my head, I gave the woman my order. . . and smiled. " How are you today "
My question seemed to 18． her. She eyed me for a second before answering. " Not too good. "
" I' m sorry. " I said. " I hope it gets better starting right now. "
She almost smiled as she looked at me. " Thanks. I hope you' re right. "
I thought to myself as I ate my sandwich. We' re all the same, really. We have problems and angers, we get tired and we hurt. We need to be 19． to each other.
After eating, I wiped the table cleaner than usual, and put the tray (托盘) back nicely on the stand. The woman was watching me, a big smile on her face.
" Be what' s missing. " It 20． .
13．A． restaurant B． street C． school D． office
14．A． agreed B． finished C． waited D． left
15．A． trust B． love C． patience D． confidence
16．A． hope B． advice C． money D． service
17．A． nervously B． carefully C． coldly D． kindly
18．A． disappoint B． hurt C． trouble D． surprise
19．A． nicer B． cooler C． closer D． fairer
20．A． said B． worked C． read D． ended
【答案】13．A；14．C；15．B；16．D；17．C；18．D；19．A；20．B
【知识点】人生百味类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】大意：作者通过自己点餐的经历告诉我们做缺失的东西。
【点评】考查完形填空。第一遍首先快速阅读文章，把握文章大意；其次重点查看空格句，联系上下文，理解句意，选出正确答案；最后带着答案阅读一遍文章进行复查。
13．句意：我环视了一下几乎空无一人的餐厅，却看不到收银员。A：餐厅；B：街道；C：学校；D：办公室。根据上文 I hardly had enough time to eat a sandwich and rush back to work. 我几乎没有足够的时间吃三明治然后赶回工作岗位，可知应是在餐厅。故选A。
14．句意：我等着，很生气。A：同意；B：完成；C：等待；D：离开。根据 I' d been standing there for at least three minutes! 我已经站在那里至少三分钟了！可知作者在等待。故选C。
15．句意：如果一个人是可恨的，那么爱就是缺失的。A：信任；B：爱；C：耐心；D：信心。根据上文 If someone is unkind, then kindness is missing. 如果有人不友善，那么善良就缺失了，可知如果一个人是可恨的，那么爱就是缺失的。故选B。
16．句意：缺少的是服务。A：希望；B：建议；C：钱；D：服务。根据下文 Maybe I should just jump behind the counter and take my own order. 也许我应该跳到柜台后面，自己点菜，可知此处缺少服务。故选D。
17．句意：她问道，仍然很友好。A：紧张地；B：小心地；C：冷淡地；D：友好地。根据下文She looked so tired. No doubt, she was overworked. 她看起来很累。毫无疑问，她工作过度了，可知此处应是强调依然友好地服务客人。故选C。
18．句意：我的问题似乎让她大吃一惊。A：使失望；B：伤害；C：麻烦；D：惊讶。根据下文 She eyed me for a second before answering. 她看了我一会儿才回答，可知收银员是惊讶的。故选D。
19．句意：我们需要对彼此更好。A：更好；B：更冷；C：更近；D：更公平。根据上文We have problems and angers, we get tired and we hurt. 我们有问题和愤怒，我们累了，我们受伤了，可知此处作者应是强调我们需要对彼此更好。故选A。
20．句意："做缺失的东西。"它奏效了。A：说；B：奏效；C：阅读；D：结束。根据上文The woman was watching me, a big smile on her face. 那个女人看着我，脸上挂着灿烂的笑容，可知"做缺失的东西。"它奏效了。故选B。
三、任务型阅读
（2023·北京市）任务型阅读
Short Art Courses
A. Wild Art This course is about drawing and painting. You' ll use your new skills to make a wall poster of animals. And we' ve got lots of picture books to give you ideas. B. Art Matters This course teaches you different drawing skills. We' ll get you to draw the latest styles of clothes. If you like designing clothes and want to study it at college,join us!
C. Creative Art This course is about making bags to keep your sports clothes in. We provide lots of materials. And you' ll visit art museums to get some creative ideas. D. Art Magic This course is about telling good stories in pictures. There' ll be cartoon films to watch. and instruction in how to draw your favorite characters.
21．　 　I' m interested in designing clothes and want to study it at college.
Alice
22．　 　I enjoy making wall posters of animals and I' d like to read picture books.
Tony
23．　 　I like making hags and want to visit art museums to get creative ideas.
Harry
【答案】21．B
22．A
23．C
【知识点】广告布告类；说明文
【解析】【分析】大意：文章介绍了四个艺术俱乐部。
【点评】考查阅读理解，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案。
21．细节理解题。根据B We' ll get you to draw the latest styles of clothes. If you like designing clothes and want to study it at college,join us! 我们会让你画最新款式的衣服。如果你喜欢设计服装并想在大学学习，请加入我们！可知Alice应加入B. Art Matters艺术事项。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据A This course is about drawing and painting. You' ll use your new skills to make a wall poster of animals. And we' ve got lots of picture books to give you ideas. 这门课是关于绘画的。你将用你的新技能制作一幅动物海报。我们有很多图画书可以给你一些想法，可知Tony应加入A.WILD Art野生艺术。故选A。
23．细节理解题。根据C This course is about making bags to keep your sports clothes in. We provide lots of materials. And you' ll visit art museums to get some creative ideas. 这门课程是关于制作包来装你的运动服的。我们提供很多材料。你还会参观美术馆，获得一些创意，可知Harry应加入C Creative Art 创意艺术 。故选C。
四、阅读理解
（2023·北京市）阅读理解
Betty was excited to show her brother David the basket filled with seashells. But David was busy helping Dad get everything back into the car. " What are you going to do with those useless things " he said. " You can' t take them home. "
"But I want these seashells," Betty said unhappily. " Each one is a different shape and size. They are all special. "
Suddenly, David saw the water rising along the beach. He shouted to Betty, " The waves (海浪) are about to take your toys!" As Betty ran to get her things, she called to David, " Please put my seashells into the car!"
Davidwas putting one of the beach chairs into the car when his foot accidentally knocked over the basket. As David lifted a heavy box, he slipped (滑倒) and dropped the box right on top of the seashells, breaking most of them into pieces.
Betty came back with her toys. When she saw her seashells broken, she began to cry. David started to pick up the seashells and place them carefully back into the basket.
Dad tried to explain to Betty that it was an accident. But Betty was still upset. David also felt sad. He thought about what he could do to make it up to his sister. When he got home, he had a perfect idea.
The next morning David waited for Betty with the basket of seashells and some strong glue. He also had a framed (装框的) photo of the two of them. Together they looked through the basket and found several seashells that were not broken and could still be used. Then they glued the seashells to the frame.
" I' m really sorry, Betty. " David said. " Yesterday I was very careless with something special to you. "
Betty looked at her brother and smiled. " You' re the best big brother ever!"
24．What did Betty think of the seashells
A．Clean. B．Useless. C．Expensive. D．Special.
25．Betty began to cry when ____.
A．she slipped and hurt herself
B．she knocked over the basket
C．she saw the broken seashells
D．she told her dad about the accident
26．David glued the seashells to the frame to ____.
A．make it up to his sister B．develop his painting skill
C．prepare a gift for his dad D．make the picture beautiful
【答案】24．D
25．C
26．A
【知识点】人生百味类；记叙文；细节理解
【解析】【分析】大意： 文章讲述了哥哥David 在放沙滩椅时不小心打翻了并摔碎了妹妹装贝壳的篮子，他想尽办法弥补，最后他用胶水把没摔坏的贝壳粘在一个带框的照片上，Betty 原谅了他，称赞他是最好的哥哥的故事。
【点评】考查阅读理解。文章是记叙文，问题的设置一般跟情节发展贴合，可首先阅读题干，再在阅读文章的过程中找到问题的答案。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段" But I want these seashells," Betty said unhappily. " Each one is a different shape and size. They are all special. " "但是我想要这些贝壳，"贝蒂不高兴地说。"每一个都有不同的形状和大小。它们都很特别。"，可知她认为都是特别的。故选D。
25．细节理解题。根据第五段When she saw her seashells broken, she began to cry. 当她看到自己的贝壳碎了，她哭了起来，可知是看到自己的贝壳碎了。故选C。
26．细节理解题。根据倒数第四段 He thought about what he could do to make it up to his sister. 他想他能做些什么来补偿他的妹妹，可知是为了补偿妹妹。故选A。
（2023·北京市）阅读理解
Do you know that over 1/3 of all food produced in the world goes to waste According to the United Nations (UN), every year around the world, about one billion (十亿) tons of food is wasted. At the same time, there are nearly one billion people who go hungry. Simply 1/4 of the food wasted is enough to keep them out of hunger, In addition, the wasted food produces over three billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), which speeds up climate (气候) change. What can we do to solve this food waste problem
One effective solution is balancing food production with demand (需求). In hotels and other similar places, special instruments should be used so that cooking specialists just prepare and cook food as it is ordered.
Another effective solution is starting programs to reduce (减少) food waste. Stores and buyers can try their best to be creative in food waste reduction. For example, stores can provide customers with instructions telling them how to make full use of food. Buyers can try not fixing their eyes only on food of the best quality (质量). Sometimes, the food of non-top quality is also good enough to eat, or can be bought and then used to make delicious dishes.
One of the hardest solutions to achieve is for each and every one to buy and prepare food with a plan of their own so that less food is wasted. Challenging as it is, the use of meal plans in preparing food can play an important role in ending food waste in the family.
Food recycling is one of the known solutions. Efforts are now already in progress. Food that is not safe for humans to cat is recycled into other products such as animal feeds and clothing. Yet, there is still a long way to go and much for improvement in this area.
In a word, food waste has been one of the biggest problems in the world that have influenced us greatly. Many solutions have been found and many more are yet to be worked out. If each of us can put in more efforts,food waste is sure to be reduced for the good of our future.
27．According to the passage, what is a possible result of food waste
A．The problem of worldwide hunger.
B．A big increase in food production.
C．The speed-up of climate change.
D．A sudden drop in population.
28．What can we learn from the passage
A．Food recycling has been hugely successful.
B．Buyers should give up non-top quality food.
C．Stores should train people to make delicious dishes.
D．Meal plans in the family are hand to put into practice.
29．What is the passage mainly about
A．Benefits of reducing food waste.
B．Solutions to the food waste problem.
C．The importance of fighting food waste.
D．The attitude to the food waste problem.
【答案】27．C
28．D
29．B
【知识点】环保类；议论文；细节理解
【解析】【分析】大意：文章主要讲述了全球三分之一以上的食物被浪费的问题，与此同时，近十亿人却在挨饿。 解决食物浪费问题有许多方法，如平衡食物生产与需求，启动减少食物浪费的计划，每个人在购买和准备食物时有计划，以及食物回收等。
【点评】考查阅读理解。主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
27．细节理解题。根据第一段Simply 1/4 of the food wasted is enough to keep them out of hunger, In addition, the wasted food produces over three billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), which speeds up climate (气候) change.仅仅浪费1/4的食物就足以让他们免于饥饿。此外，浪费的食物会产生超过30亿吨的二氧化碳，这会加速气候变化，可知食物浪费会加速气候变化。故选C。
28．细节理解题。根据第四段 One of the hardest solutions to achieve is for each and every one to buy and prepare food with a plan of their own so that less food is wasted. 最难实现的解决方案之一是让每个人都有自己的计划来购买和准备食物，这样就可以减少浪费的食物，可知家里的膳食计划是亲手制定的。故选D。
29．主旨大意题。文章介绍了解决食物浪费问题的许多方法，如平衡食物生产与需求，启动减少食物浪费的计划，每个人在购买和准备食物时有计划，以及食物回收等，可知文章主要是关于解决食物浪费的办法。故选B。
（2023·北京市） 阅读理解
When considering the kind of experience that makes life better, most people first think that happiness depends on experiencing pleasure: good food, good jobs, all the comforts that money can buy. If we couldn' t havethese, we might as well sit in front of the television on a quiet evening.
Pleasure is an important part of the quality of life, but by itself it doesn' t bring happiness. When people think further about what makes a worthy life, they tend (倾向于) to move beyond pleasant memories and begin to remember other events, other experiences that overlap (有重叠) pleasurable ones but fall into a group with a separate name: enjoyment. Enjoyable events take place when people have not only satisfied a need or met some earlier expectation, but also achieved something unexpected.
Enjoyment is characterized by a sense of curiosity, of achievement. Playing a tennis game that improves one' s ability is enjoyable, as is reading a book that shows things in a new light, as is having a conversation that leads us to express ideas we didn' t know we had. None of these experiences may be especially pleasurable when they are taking place, but when we think back on them afterwards, we would say. " That really was fun" and wish they would happen again. After an enjoyable event we know that we have changed, and grown.
Experiences that give pleasure can also give enjoyment, but the two feelings are quite different. For example, everybody takes pleasure in eating. However, to enjoys food is more difficult—you have to pay enough attention to a meal, so as to sense and tell its various tastes. As this example suggests, we can experience pleasure without any psychic energy, while enjoyment happens only as a result of full attention. A person can feelpleasure without any effort, as long as certain parts in his brain are stimulated (刺激). But it' s impossible to enjoy a tennis game or a book without full attention. It' s for this reason that pleasure does not last long, nor does it make us grow. Growth requires full attention to goals that are new, that are relatively challenging.
Without enjoyment, life will go on, and it can even be pleasant. But it depends heavily on luck and theexternal (外部的) environment. To achieve personal control over the quality of experience, however, we need to learn how to build enjoyment into what happens day in, day out.
30．You will most probably experience enjoyment when you ____.
A．buy expensive shoes
B．order a delicious meal
C．talk with friends for new ideas
D．sit quietly in front of a television
31．What do you know about pleasure and enjoyment from the passage
A．Enjoyment grows out of pleasure.
B．Pleasure and enjoyment come hand in hand.
C．Pleasurable experiences are part of enjoyable ones.
D．Some experiences provide both pleasure and enjoyment.
32．The words" psychic energy" in Paragraph 4 are closest in meaning to ____.
A．attention B．interest C．ability D．knowledge
33．The writer probably agrees that ____.
A．feeling pleasure stops people from achieving growth
B．feeling enjoyment comes with achieving growth
C．a worthy life depends on luck and environment
D．pleasure is the keyto a happyand worthy life
【答案】30．C
31．D
32．A
33．B
【知识点】人生百味类；议论文；细节理解；推理判断
【解析】【分析】大意：文章主要论述了快乐和享受的区别。
【点评】考查阅读理解。注意首先查看题干，划取问题关键词；再仔细阅读文章，排除错误及无关选项，选择正确答案。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段Enjoyment is characterized by a sense of curiosity, of achievement. Playing a tennis game that improves one' s ability is enjoyable, as is reading a book that shows things in a new light, as is having a conversation that leads us to express ideas we didn' t know we had. 享受的特点是好奇心和成就感。打一场能提高能力的网球是一件令人愉快的事，读一本以新的视角展示事物的书也是如此，进行一次对话能让我们表达我们不知道自己有什么想法也是如此，可知当年和朋友讨论新观点的时候可以感受到享受。故选C。
31．细节理解题。根据第五段Experiences that give pleasure can also give enjoyment, but the two feelings are quite different. 给人快乐的经历也能给人享受，但这两种感觉截然不同，可知有些经历提供了快乐和享受。故选D。
32．词义猜测题。根据 while enjoyment happens only as a result of full attention. 而享受只是全神贯注的结果，可知我们可以在没有任何精神能量的情况下体验快乐， psychic energy近义词为attention"注意力"。故选A。
33．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段A person can feelpleasure without any effort, as long as certain parts in his brain are stimulated (刺激). But it' s impossible to enjoy a tennis game or a book without full attention. It' s for this reason that pleasure does not last long, nor does it make us grow. Growth requires full attention to goals that are new, that are relatively challenging. 只要大脑中的某些部分受到刺激，一个人就可以毫不费力地感受到快乐。但如果不全神贯注，就不可能享受网球比赛或书籍。正是因为这个原因，快乐不会长久，也不会让我们成长。增长需要充分关注新的、相对具有挑战性的目标，可知作者认为享受伴随着成长。故选B。
五、任务型阅读
（2023·北京市） 任务型阅读
My 100 Days Without a Mobile Phone
When was the last time you left home without your mobile phone Can you imagine yourself living a month, or even a year without checking your mobile phone from time to time
As a busy modern person with lots of social connections, plans and responsibilities, I just cannot afford to not be in touch with the rest of the world. Staying connected to other people is a big part of my life. However, sometimes it can be bothersome (恼人的).
One day I discovered I was terribly tired out. I tried turning notifications (通知) off. But the fear of missing out something important made me check the phone more often than before. So, I simply stopped using my phone.
Well, to tell the truth, it was not simple at all. For the first couple of days, I had a big fear that all of my friends would soon forget about me. When I had a free moment, I had no idea what to get myself distracted (分心的) with, and the worries mixed with boredom kept bothering me.
However, after three weeks without a mobile phone, I started noticing changes—changes which I liked, and which drove me to not just continue the experiment, but in fact to reorganize some of my habits.
First of all, I noticed that I became much more focused (专注的). Before, while doing something, I would often find myself wondering what was going on online. After a month of staying away from my mobile phone, I found that the urge (冲动) was already not that strong and that my ability to focus improved.
I discovered that the world is a beautiful place. Before, I would look at it through my camera mostly: take a photo, post it, get some likes. Now, I saw beautiful people walking around and I sensed the seasons change. I could understand the actual beauty of the world, and I did not need anyone else to prove the value of this beauty through likes or shares.
Now, as 100 days have passed, I can say that the experiment was worth it. I am planning to stay away from my phone for as long as possible.
34．What made the writer check the phone more often than before
35．When did the writer start noticing his changes
36．What does the writer plan to do with his phone after the experiment
37．Would you like to follow the writer' s example Why or why not (Pleasegive two reasons. )
【答案】34．The fear of missing out something important.
35．After three weeks.
36．Stay away from the phone for as long as possible.
37．Yes, I' d like to. Because I also want to be more focused, and I would like to see the beautiful world through my eyes. /No. Because I can use the phone to know more news about the world. And I can play games in my free time. /. . .
【知识点】任务型阅读；社会现象类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】大意：文章讲述了作者戒掉手机的原因，以及收获等。
【点评】考查任务型阅读。注意首先查看题干，划取问题关键词；再仔细阅读文章，根据关键词锁定答案，根据题干要求进行作答。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段But the fear of missing out something important made me check the phone more often than before. So, I simply stopped using my phone. 但由于害怕错过重要的事情，我比以前更频繁地查看手机。所以，我干脆停止使用我的手机，可知是害怕错过重要的事情。故答案为： The fear of missing out something important.
35．细节理解题。根据第五段However, after three weeks without a mobile phone, I started noticing changes然而，在没有手机的三周后，我开始注意到变化，可知是三周后。故答案为： After three weeks.
36．细节理解题。根据最后一段 I am planning to stay away from my phone for as long as possible. 可知，作者打算尽可能长时间地远离手机。故答案为： Stay away from the phone for as long as possible.
37．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段First of all, I noticed that I became much more focused (专注的). 首先，我注意到我变得更加专注了，可知可回答愿意跟随作者的示例，因为可以变得更专注等。故答案为：Yes, I' d like to. Because I also want to be more focused, and I would like to see the beautiful world through my eyes. /No. Because I can use the phone to know more news about the world. And I can play games in my free time. /. . .
六、书面表达
38．（2023·北京市）从下面两个题目中任选一题, 根据所给提示, 完成一篇不少于50 词的英语文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
题目①
假设你是李华。你们班想在毕业之前为学校做一件有意义的事, 如种植纪念树、去校图书馆整理图书等。你打算邀请交换生Peter参加这次活动。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件, 告诉他活动内容、意义及安排。
提示词语: invite, plant, meaningful, beautiful, library
提示问题: . What activity do you plan to do
Why do you want to organize this activity
When and where will you have this activity
Dear Peter,
How is everything going
Hope to hear from you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
题目②
同学们参加过各种各样的社团, 如篮球队、合唱团等。
假设你是李华。请你用英语写一篇短文给学校英文网站投稿, 介绍一个你参加过的社团, 谈谈这个社团的活动内容以及你的收获。
提示词语: take part in, practice, skill, benefit, progress
提示问题: What club did you join
What did you do in the club
What have you learned from the experience
【答案】①Dear Peter,
How is everything going I' m writing to invite you to join us. As we are going to graduate, our classmates plan to plant a tree together. We all know that trees can stop the wind from blowing the sand, and they can also make our school beautiful. So we decide to plant a tree for our school. Next Sunday, we will meet at the gate of the school and then go to the playground. We will dig a hole, plant the tree and then water it. I believe we all will have a great time.
Hope to hear from you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
②I have been in the basketball club for three years. We used to practice from Monday to Friday, and on the weekend, we played games with other teams. During the three years, my skill of playing basketball improved a lot. And I also made a lot of friends. Playing basketball not only help me keep fit, but also helps me understand the importance of teamwork. I will keep playing and try to be good at it.
【知识点】材料作文；书信、电子邮件
【解析】题目①
【分析】这是一篇材料作文，要求用英文给交换生Peter写一封电子邮件, 告诉他在毕业之前为学校做一件有意义的事的活动内容、意义及安排。写作内容包括活动内容、意义及安排。根据内容要求可知本文的主要时态为一般将来时，人称为第一人称。注意并列连词的使用和主谓一致问题，写作中要注意上下文的过渡和逻辑，要符合英语的表达习惯。
【点评】这篇短文对活动内容、意义及安排三个方面进行了逐一论述。内容全面、详尽，意思连贯，表达清楚，时态和人称的运用灵活准确。其中使用的we know that+宾语从句等句型使得文章的逻辑性大大增强；使用的plan to do sth.计划做某事，make sth.+adj.使……怎么样，have a great time玩得开心等短语增加了文章的可读性。日常进行写作训练注意多运用常见句式和短语，使表达更为流畅。
题目②
【分析】这是一篇材料作文，要求用英语写一篇短文给学校英文网站投稿, 介绍一个你参加过的社团, 谈谈这个社团的活动内容以及你的收获。写作内容包括 社团的活动内容以及你的收获。 根据内容要求可知本文的主要时态为一般过去时，人称为第一人称。注意并列连词的使用和主谓一致问题，写作中要注意上下文的过渡和逻辑，要符合英语的表达习惯。
【点评】这篇短文对 社团的活动内容以及收获进行了逐一论述。内容全面、详尽，意思连贯，表达清楚，时态和人称的运用灵活准确。其中使用的used to sb. to do sth.过去常常做某事，play with和……一起玩，help sb. do sth.帮助某人做某事等短语增加了文章的可读性。日常进行写作训练注意多运用常见句式和短语，使表达更为流畅。
1 / 1