【成才之路】2014-2015学年高中英语选修8（外研版）《Module 4 Which English》课件+强化练习（7份）

Module 4　 第一课时
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Gas flowing through the pipes burns________(立即)but can be kept under control easily by opening or closing the pipes.
2．What the teacher said________(很有价值)greatly so we should take it down on our notebooks.
3．A series of________(讨论)between the lecturers is scheduled for next weekend.
4．It is not what you say but what you do that________(要紧)．
5．His style of writing is very________(独特的)．
6．Do you know who is the________(作者)of this novel?
7．We can see that he is very excited from the________(语调)of his words.
8．The________(方言)is spoken mainly in the rural areas.
答案：1.instantly　2.counts　3.debates　4.matters　5.unique　6.author　7.intonation　8.dialect
Ⅱ.短语翻译
1．把……与……区分开　　____________________
2．只要 ____________________
3．在于 ____________________
4．以防；万一 ____________________
5．特别；尤其 ____________________
6．be known as ____________________
7．the same as ____________________
8．agree on ____________________
9．or rather ____________________
10．be different from ____________________
答案：1.tell...apart　2.as long as　3.lie in　4.in case　5.in particular　6.作为……而著名　7.与……一样
8．同意；达成协议　9.更确切地说　10.与……不同
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
It was my first day in Hangzhou, the Chinese city famous for its natural beauty and history and I didn't have much time to spare. I wanted to see__1__much of the city as possible in the two days__2__I was to return to Guangzhou. My first task was to decide where to go and how to get there. I took out my guidebook__3__which there was a lot of information about the city's well-known tourist__4__(attract) and started to read. At that moment an attractive young lady __5__noticed my book came up__6__me and introduced herself. She said her name was Miss Bai, and she kindly offered to show me__7__the city. I was delighted and was about to accept her proposal when she suggested we first__8__(go) to the West Lake and walk along the Broken Bridge. I quite liked the idea of visiting the West Lake but wasn't so sure about crossing the Broken Bridge. As it was__9__(break), did she expect me to jump across? And I couldn't swim, so if I fell in then I would be drowned. That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation，__10__(close) my book and walked away.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．as　as much as possible为常用搭配，这里指作者想尽可能多看看这城市。
2．before　从文意推测作者想在返回广州之前的两天尽可能多看看这座城市。
3．in　which是关系代词，指代guidebook，其前用in，表在手册“里面”。
4．attractions　attraction为名词，“旅游景点”。
5．who/that　关系代词，指代那位女士。
6．to　come up to sb“向某人走来”。
7．around　show sb around“领某人参观”。
8．go　suggest后接宾语从句时，从句的谓语动词应用should do, should可以省略。
9．broken　西湖的断桥是断了的。
10．closed　故事发生在过去，用一般过去时；和declined，walked是并列谓语。
【辽宁卷题型】
Kelly：Hi, Mr.Adams?
Mr.Adams：Ah, yes. You must be Kelly. Thanks for coming.
Kelly：Here is my card.
Mr.Adams：Oh，it is hard__1__(find) a good babysitter on a Friday night.
Kelly：Well, I like__2__(watch)kids, and I need the extra money.
Mr.Adams：Well, I__3__(hear)you were one of the best__4__ in the area, and...
Kelly：Uh, well, I'd like to talk to you about my new rate increases.
Mr.Adams：Rate increases?
Kelly：You see, Mr.Adams. I've consulted with my__5__(finance) advisor.
Mr.Adams：What?
Kelly：Uh, my mother, and she says I__6__charge more per child since I do cook and clean your house while you're__7__.
Mr.Adams：Oh, I see. So, what do you have in mind?
Kelly：Well, as I see it，I'd like to ask a dollar more per child per hour, and overtime after midnight. __8__(base) on my calculations, that's only 10.23% above the going market, and I'm now a certified babysitter__9__training.
Mr.Adams：Oh, I never knew there were courses and certifications in babysitting.
Kelly：Times are changing, Mr.Adams.I have to figure in expenses for a benefit package to cover college tuition, retirement, and so on. Well, I will tell my mother__10__to do.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．to find　it is hard to do sth.做某事很困难。
2．watching　like doing喜欢做某事，用v－ing形式表示抽象的概念。
3．heard　考查时态，此处用一般过去时。
4．babysitters　由下文中可知，此处是指babysitter，又由前面的one of可知，此处应用复数形式。
5．financial　此处用形容词形式作定语，修饰advisor。
6．should　should应当，应该(表一种责任或义务)。
7．away　此处指不在家。
8．Based　此处用过去分词作定语。be based on以……为基础。
9．with　考查介词。with用，随着。
10．what　此处用what作tell的宾语，同时又作do的宾语，具有双重作用。
Ⅳ.完形填空
It was the second semester during my senior year at the University of Harvard.As an English major，I have to read for hours and write inspiring __1__.
One of my classes in this semester was a study on the __2__，dramatist，and critic，T.S.Eliot.For the next four months，__3__ was Eliot who haunted(萦绕在) my dreams.I would read his poems five or six times and write down comments.My reading responses were always returned to me __4__ in red ink.Usually my professor would kindly __5__ at the bottom，“I think you missed the point.” __6__ I would not be defeated.
I stayed __7__ on Friday nights and spent hours in a __8__ corner of the library reading everything I could about Eliot.I wrote and rewrote my final paper __9__ I was sure it was the best thing I had __10__written.It had to be—it was worth 70% of my final __11__.
I patiently waited for my grades to be__12__ .I would wake up at six every morning and quickly log on to the computer，__13__ that I had passed.Forget having fun，and all I could think about were the __14__ of Eliot.His poems raced through my __15__days after our final class.I would go for runs and recite Ash Wednesday with every step I took.
__16__，the day came.Just before graduation，my grade was posted.It is an A and I had never felt much more__17__ of myself.
I didn't have the courage to __18__ my T．S.Eliot books.We had been through so much that I felt I couldn't part with them.I keep them in my closet for now.I'm not ready to re-read them yet.But I happily look at my __19__ and remind myself that with hard work and __20__，I can always overcome even the biggest difficulty.
本文讲述了作者在大四最后一个学期是如何苦读，最终通过了对自己来说很难的一门学科的经历。由此作者得出人生感悟：只要有决心并努力付出，任何困难都能克服。
1．A.essays B．letters
C．novels D．speeches
答案：A　作为一个英语专业的学生，作者要读大量的文章，并写出激励人心的“文章”(essay)。
2．A.president B．poet
C．policeman D．professor
答案：B　由下文提到的作者研究及背诵Eliot的诗可知，Eliot应该是一位诗人，故选B项。
3．A.this B．that
C．it D．one
答案：C　这是一个强调句，其句型为：it is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who从句，表示Eliot出现在作者梦中。
4．A.suffered B．survived
C．made D．covered
答案：D　作者写的短评被老师返回时布满了用红笔做的修改。cover意为“覆盖，布满”。
5. A．carry B．talk
C．write D．put
答案：C　教授经常会友好地在作者的短评后“写上”(write)“我想你没有抓住要点”。
6．A.Or B．So
C．For D．But
答案：D　尽管教授总是说作者没写到要点，但作者没有被击败，反而更加努力，前后分句意思转折，故选D项。
7．A.in B．at
C．back D．by
答案：A　作者放学后留在学校，在图书馆看书。stay in “在家里，不外出”。stay at“暂住在，投宿在”；stay by“一直支持”；stay back“后退”。
8. A．calm B．quiet
C．special D．similar
答案：B　作者呆在书馆一个“安静的”(quiet)角落看书。
9. A．once B．if
C．while D．until
答案：D　作者写了又写，直到确定这是自己写得最好的文章。
10．A.ever B．even
C．still D．yet
答案：A　这是作者曾写过的最好的东西。ever意为“曾经”。
11．A.grade B．school
C．class D．college
答案：A　此处指占总成绩的70%。grade在此意为“成绩”。
12．A.published B．posted
C．accepted D．developed
答案：B　由倒数第二段第二句中的my grade was posted可知，作者耐心等待成绩宣布。post意为“宣布，公告”。
13．A.wondering B．promising
C．hoping D．managing
答案：C　作者“希望”(hope)自己已经通过了。
14．A.gifts B．awards
C．works D．achievements
答案：C　作者已经忘记了有趣的事，唯一能记住的就是Eliot的诗歌作品。
15．A.mind B．idea
C．opinion D．body
答案：A　Eliot的诗匆匆地掠过作者的脑海。mind意为“头脑，脑海”。
16．A.Immediately B．Suddenly
C．Finally D．Fairly
答案：C　经过努力及等待，这一天“终于”(finally)到来了。
17．A.fond B．ashamed
C．proud D．annoyed
答案：C　作者对自己感到非常自豪。
18．A.use B．choose
C．damage D．sell
答案：D　作者不忍心把Eliot的书“卖掉”(sell)，因为这些书陪伴着他，已成为自己的一部分。
19．A.visas B．diploma
C．document D．newspaper
答案：B　作者看到了自己的毕业班而想到自己曾经的努力。diploma意为“毕业文凭，学位证书”。visas意为“签证”；document意为“文件”。
20．A.resistance B．gesture
C．assignment D．determination
答案：D　只要努力工作，并且有“决心”(determination)，即使是最大的困难也可以战胜。
Ⅴ.阅读理解
In 1939，two brothers，Mac and Dick McDonald，started a drive-in restaurant in San Bernadino，California.They carefully chose a busy corner for their location.They had run their own businesses for years，first a theater，then a barbecue(烤肉)restaurant，then another drive-in.But in their new operation，they offered a new，shortened menu：French fries，hamburgers，and sodas.To this small selection they added one new idea：quick service，no waiters or waitresses，and no tips.
Their hamburgers sold for fifteen cents.Cheese was another four cents.Their French fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity(一致性)，for the brothers had developed a strict routine(程序)for the preparation of their food，and they insisted on their cooks' sticking to their routine.Their new drive-in became surprisingly popular，particularly for lunch.People drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime.The self-service restaurant was so popular that the brothers had allowed ten copies of their restaurant to be opened.They were content with this modest success until they met Ray Kroc.
Kroc was a salesman who met the McDonald brothers in 1954，when he was selling milkshake-mixing machines.He quickly saw the special attraction of the brothers' fast-food restaurants and bought the right to franchise(特许经营)other copies of their restaurants.The agreement included the right to duplicate(复制)the menu，the equipment，even their red and white buildings with the golden arches(拱门)．
Today McDonald's is really a household name.In 1976，McDonald's had over $ 1 billion in total sales.Its first twenty-two years is one of the most surprising success stories in modern American business history.
1．This passage mainly talks about________.
A．the development of fast food services
B．how McDonald's became a billion-dollar business
C．the business careers of Mac and Dick McDonald
D．Ray Kroc's business talent
答案：B　主旨大题。通读全文可知本文主要介绍Mac and Dick McDonald两兄弟的最初创业及Kroc购买该品牌经营权的情况，由此可知答案为B。
2．Mac and Dick managed all of the following businesses except________.
A．a drive-in B．a theater
C．a cinema D．a barbecue restaurant
答案：C　细节推理题。根据第一段第三句话They had run their own businesses for years，first a theater，then a barbecue(烤肉)restaurant，then another drive-in.可知答案为C。
3．We may infer from this passage that________.
A．Mac and Dick McDonald never became wealthy for they sold their idea to Kroc.
B．the place the McDonalds chose was the only source of the great popularity of their drive-in
C．forty years ago there were lots of fast-food restaurants
D．Ray Kroc was a good businessman
答案：D　推断推理题。根据第三段第二句He quickly saw the special attraction of the brothers' fast-food restaurants and bought the right to franchise(特许经营)other copies of their restaurants.可以做出正确判断。
4．The passage suggests that________.
A．creativity is an important element of business success
B．Ray Kroc was the close partner of the McDonald brothers
C．Mac and Dick McDonald became broken after they sold their idea to Ray Kroc
D．California is the best place to go into business
答案：A　归纳判断题。从全文可得出结论：创造力是事业成功的重要因素。
Ⅵ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同学写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My hometown is a pretty city，so people there are kind and polite.With coming of spring，grass and trees，and flowers grew in many colours.In summer，the sea under the blue skies is even more beautiful.After autumn arrives，the city looks as an old man with leaves fallen from the trees.In winter，a lot of white birds coming to my city for food.I can wait more patiently above the sea for quite a long time.While they find fish come to the surface，they fly down immediate and catch them without delay.That is my city，and I love it very much.
答案：
My hometown is a pretty city， people there are kind and polite.With coming of spring，grass and trees，and flowers  in many colours.In summer，the sea under the blue  is even more beautiful.After autumn arrives，the city looks  an old man with leaves  from the trees.In winter，a lot of white birds  to my city for food. can wait more patiently above the sea for quite a long time. they find fish come to the surface，they fly down  and catch them without delay.That is my city，and I love it very much.
课件86张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 · 选修8Which English？Module 41.1.1　集合的概念第一课时　Introduction
& Reading and Vocabulary(1)1.1.1　集合的概念Module 4Ⅰ.重点单词
1．立即，马上(adv.)________
→立即的(adj)________
2．能辨认的，能认出的(adj.)____________
3．方言，地方话(n.)________
4．重要，要紧；有关系(v.)________
5．很重要；很有价值(v.)________
6．痕迹，踪迹(n.)________ instantly
instant
recognisable
dialect
matter
count
trace7．独一无二的；独特的(adj.)________
8．语调(n.)________
9．作家，作者(n.)________
10．祖先，前辈(n.)________
11．联系(n.)________
12．节奏；韵律(n.)________
13．双语的，会讲两种语言的(adj.)________
14．讨论，辩论(n.)________ unique
intonation
author
ancestor
link
rhythm
bilingual
debateⅡ.重点短语
1．________...apart区分开
2．as________as只要
3．or________更确切地说
4．lie________在于
5．________case以免，万一
6．________particular尤其，特别tell　
long
rather
in
in
inⅢ.语篇感知
Read the passage carefully and fill in the blanks.
There are as many 1.________of English as there are speakers of it.English is spoken as a(n) 2.________language in more than 60 countries，and it can sound very different from place to place.It is easy for us to 3.________British English from American English.
There is not really a(n) 4.________form that everyone can agree on and English is widely spoken，so it is hard to tell which English is correct.As long as speakers can understand each other,5.________doesn't matter.
Australian English has traces of both Irish and cockney speech patterns，because the first speakers were 6.________who came from all over Britain.Many of the Aboriginal words passed into the language.But the main differences lie in individual sounds and intonation 7.________.
In Jamaica，this is not the case.The variety of English has some of the grammatical 8.________of the African languages.
In Singapore，English is spoken by about half the population.Sentences often 9.________with the word lah.English has been 10.________especially by Malay and the Chinese dialect Hokkien.
答案：1.varieties　2.official　3.tell　4.standard　5.correctness　6.prisoners　7.patterns　8.features　9.end　10.influenced1．instantly
(1)adv.立即，马上
I asked him a question and he replied instantly.
我一问，他就马上回答。
(2)conj.一……就……(相当于as soon as)
I phoned him instantly(directly)I heard the news.
我一听到消息就打电话给他。知识拓展
表示“一……(就)”的词语
(1)as soon as，no sooner...than，hardly...when，scarcely...when
(2)连词引起的“一……就……”：immediately，instantly，directly
(3)名词引起的“一……就……”：the moment ，the minute，the instant
(4)介词引起的“一……就……”：on＋n./doing(on one's arrival，on hearing the news...)；at＋n.(at the sight of，at the sound of)单词积累
instant adj. 立即的；紧急的；(食品)速溶的，方便的
n．瞬间
instant coffee 速溶咖啡
in an instant 立刻，一会儿
for an instant 暂时，一时
Instant noodles，instant dishes and instant refreshments are all for people's convenience.
方便面，方便菜，方便点心，为的是方便人们。
即学即用
语法填空
I recognized her________(instant)I caught a glimpse of her.
答案：instantly
2．matter n. 问题；事情；为可数名词，侧重指一件考虑中的或需要解决的事情。
This is a matter I know little about.
这件事我不大知道。
知识拓展
matter n.
(1)物质(不可数名词)
His special subject is the beginning of space，matter，and time.
他研究的专题是空间、物质和时间的起源。
(2)n. 麻烦事；毛病；此时常与the，something，nothing，anything，what等连用，也常与there be连用。
Is there anything the matter?
有什么事吗？(3)vi. 有关系；要紧；主要用于否定句和疑问句。
①It doesn't matter this time.
这次不要紧。
②Does it matter if an engineer is a man or a woman?
工程师是男是女这重要吗？
(4)常用短语：
as a matter of fact 实际上，事实上
a matter of …… 的问题，大约
for that matter 说到那件事，关于那一点
no matter 不要紧，没关系
to make matters worse 更糟糕的是①He has，as a matter of fact，no true convictions.
他实际上并没有真正的信念。
②Ming's never been to Spain，or to any European country for that matter.
明从来没有去过西班牙，而且他没有去过任何欧洲国家。
③He was lost in the forest；to make matters worse, it was getting dark.
他在森林里迷了路，更糟的是，天逐渐黑了。
④No matter when he comes，I won't see him.
无论他什么时候来，我都不会见他。 即学即用
翻译句子
(1)他来不来没有多大关系。
_________________________________________________
(2)你怎么了？
_________________________________________________
(3)这事对他们来说是生死攸关的问题。
_________________________________________________
(4)物质以三种形态存在，即固态、液态和气态。
_________________________________________________
答案：(1)It doesn't matter much whether he will come or not.
(2)What's the matter with you?
(3)It was a matter of life and death for them.
(4)Matter exists in three states：solid, liquid and gas.
3．sound vi. 听起来，常接形容词作表语，还可接名词、代词、介词短语或从句。
This piece of music sounds beautiful.
这段曲子听起来很美。
单词积累
sound vt.使……发出音
n．声音(自然界中能听到的)；语气，口吻
adj. 健康的；安全的；完好的；正确的
adv. 彻底的；充分地
①If there is fire，you can sound the alarm by ringing the bells.
如果着火，你可以响铃发出警报。
②The baby was sound asleep in the bedroom.
婴儿在卧室里正酣睡着。辨析
sound，voice 和noise
①He went upstairs without a sound.
他悄悄地上了楼。
②I can hear voices through the wall.
我隔着墙听见有说话的声音。
③There must be something wrong with the engine；it's making funny noises.
引擎一定是出了故障，因为它发出一种奇怪的杂音。
即学即用
完成句子
这次旅行听起来真令人兴奋。
The trip________________________.
答案：sounds　really　exciting
4．count v. 数，计数；认为，看作；有价值
①Every second counts.
每一秒都很重要。
②They count it an honor to help the disabled people.
他们把能帮助残疾人当做一种荣耀。
知识拓展
count against 对……不利
count up 算出总数；加起来
count out 一一数出；不算……在内
count for 有价值；有重要性
count as 把……当作……
count on 指望，依靠①Your criminal record could count against you in finding a job.
你有前科对你找工作很不利。
②The old lady counted out thirty pence and gave it to the shop assistant.
老太婆一个个地数出三十便士给了售货员。
③I count her as our best friends.
我把她看作我最好的朋友。
④You can't count on the help from others.
你不能指望别人的帮助。
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完成句子
(1)重要的是你要努力工作。
________really________is your hard work.
(2)假如你们出钱给她送礼，你们可以把我计算在内。
If you are going to collect some money for a gift for her，you can________________________.
答案：(1)What；counts　(2)count me in
5．trace n．[U，C]痕迹，踪迹
①Ages have left traces on his face.
岁月在他脸上留下了痕迹。
②The woman disappeared without trace.
那女人无声无息地消失了。
知识拓展
trace v．查出，找到，追溯
trace back 追溯以往
图解助记
trace，trail，track
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完成句子
他查遍了该地区所有的医院，但没有发现他哥哥的踪迹。
He checked all the hospitals in the area but found ________________________his brother.
答案：no trace of6．unique adj. 独一无二的，唯一的；独特的，无比的；难得的，不寻常的，突出的
①The stamp is unique；there are no others like it.
这张邮票是独一无二的，再也没有像这样的了。
②It is clear that there are some special difficulties unique to blind people in society.
很明显，在社会上确实存在一些盲人遇到的特殊的困难。
③Mr.Smith keeps a rather unique little restaurant.
史密斯先生经营着一家别具一格的小餐馆。
知识拓展
be unique to 独一无二的，独有的
①Second is the risk arising from possible events that are unique to the company.
第二个是对该公司来说独有的各种可能性事件引起的风险。
②The custom is unique to the region.
这种风俗是这一地区特有的。
特别提示
(1)unique原来是“唯一的”之义，不可与more，most及very，rather等表示程度的副词连用，但实际上，在作衍生的“独特的”等语义讲时，则常与这些副词连用。
His voice is very unique.
他的声音非常独特。
(2)unique无比较级。
无比较级的形容词有以下几类：
(a)表示性质、特征的形容词：atomic，political等；
(b)表示独一无二的形容词：only，mere，unique等；
(c)表示状态的形容词：afraid，asleep，alive等；
(d)表示大小、极限、主次、上下等意义的形容词：main，minor等。
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翻译句子
(1)他很幸运因为他得到了在剑桥大学学习的难得的机会。
_________________________________________________
(2)这种风俗是这一历史时期特有的。
_________________________________________________
答案：(1)He is lucky because he has got a unique opportunity of studying at Cambridge.
(2)The custom is unique to the historical period.
7．debate n．[U，C]/v.讨论；辩论
①This is a debate about the punishment for criminals.
这是关于如何惩治罪犯的讨论。
②The government is debating the education laws.
政府正在就教育法进行辩论。
知识拓展
debate on/about/over 针对……进行辩论
debate sth.with sb.与某人讨论某事
be under debate 正在讨论中
debate doing sth.讨论做某事
①The subject was hotly debated.
这个主题曾经过激烈的辩论。
②The proposal is still under debate.
那个提案还在讨论中。
③We are just debating what to do next.
我们正在讨论下一步该做什么。辨析
debate，argue和discuss
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介词填空
The young man has been debating__________his brother ________ which method to use all the morning.
答案：with；about1．tell...apart 分辨
The twins look exactly alike—I can't tell them apart.
这对双胞胎长得一模一样，我分辨不开。
知识拓展
tell the difference(s) between A and B 说出A与B之间的区别
tell A from B把A和B区分开
tell from/by 从……可以看出
①I can't tell the differences between “scene”and“scenery”．
我说不出“scene”和“scenery”之间的区别。
②Can you tell Tom from his twin brother?
你能分辨出汤姆和他的孪生兄弟吗？
③In English，it's easy tell a person's class by his speech.
在英国，根据一个人的言谈就很容易判断出其所属的社会阶层。
即学即用
用tell有关短语填空
(1)The twin sisters stand together in this photograph，and I can't________each other.
(2)To confound(混淆)two things means not to be able to ________them________.
答案：(1)tell from　(2)tell...apart2．as long as＝so long as是连词，意为“只要”；as long as还有“和……一样长”的意思。
①You may borrow this book as long as you promise to give it back.
只要你答应归还，你就可以把这本书借走。
②I will cooperate as long as I am informed on time.
只要及时告诉我，我就会合作。
③This ruler is as long as that one.
这把尺子和那把一样长。知识拓展
as...as...表示同级比较，第一个as是副词，第二个as是连词。
(1)基本结构：as＋adj./adv.＋as“和……一样”。例如：
①Is Jim as tall as you?
吉姆和你一样高吗？
②That car runs as quickly as this car.
那辆车跑得和这辆车一样快。
③Your pen writes as smoothly as mine.
你的钢笔写起来和我的一样流畅。
(2)否定结构：not as/so＋adj./adv.＋as不如……
①This room is not as clean as that one.
这个房间不如那个房间干净。
②The rabbit runs not as slowly as the dog.
兔子跑得不如狗慢。
③This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think.
这本字典不如你想像地那样有用。
注意：若有修饰成分，如twice，three times，half，a quarter等，则须置于第一个as之前。例如：
Your bag is twice as expensive as mine.
你的书包比我的贵一倍。
(3)as long as 原意为“长达……”。
(4)表示条件的连词还有：
Providing/Provided(that)．..倘若……
Supposing/Suppose(that)．..如果……
If only...要是……就好了
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完成句子
一个人只要能给别人的生活带来价值，他的生活就是有价值的。
One's life has value________________________one brings value to the life of others.
答案：as/so long as
3．or rather＝exactly speaking 更确切地说
I will meet him，or rather I will ask him to meet me.
我要会见他，或者更确切地说，我要请他来会见我。
知识拓展
(1)rather than“而不是”；表示选择，常用于两个形容词、状语、名词或代词、动词-ing形式或不定式之间。
It's what he did rather than what he said that moved me.
是他做的而不是他说的感动了我。
(2)would rather＝would prefer to“宁愿”；后跟不带to的不定式，常省略为'd rather。
Who would rather clean the blackboard?
谁愿擦黑板？
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完成句子
(1)他决定辞职，而不接受这些新规则。
He decided to quit________________accept the new rules.
(2)停车是个问题，更确切地说是没有停车的地方。
There is a problem with parking，________________with the lack of it.
答案：(1)rather than　(2)or rather4．lie in在于；睡懒觉
①The trouble lies in the engine.
问题出在引擎上。
②Her charm lies in her intelligence.
她的魅力在于她有智慧。
③The cure for stress lies in learning to relax.
消除紧张的方法在于学会放松。
④It's a holiday tomorrow，so you can lie in.
明天是假日，你可以睡懒觉了。辨析
lie，lay
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语法填空
The boy________(lie)under the tree________(lie)to us that he ________(lay)an egg and laid it in the tree.
答案：lying；lied；laid5．in particular＝particularly尤其；特别地
She likes reading novels，written by Zhang Ailing in particular.
她喜欢读小说，尤其是张爱玲的小说。
知识拓展
particular adj. 特殊的；个别的；苛求的；挑剔的
①Take particular care not to make any mistakes.
要特别注意别出错。
②She is very particular about her clothes.
她特别讲究穿着。
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完成句子
我走路的时候没有想到别的什么事情，只是看周围的情况而已。
I went along thinking of nothing________________，only looking at things around me.
答案：in particular1．The quality of someone's voice and their choice of words make a person instantly recognisable，even though you can't see him or her.一个人的音质及措词都能让这个人立即被辨认出来，即使看不见是谁。
even though/even if 为连词词组，引导让步状语从句。意思为“即使、纵使、尽管”。两者用法上有差别：even if 的从句中含有强烈的假定性，而even though 则多以此从句为基础，符合或接近事实。①Even if he is poor ，she loves him.
即使他很穷，她还是爱他。(事实上不穷，还可能很富)
②Even though he is poor，she loves him.
尽管他很穷，她还是爱他。(事实上就是很穷，不富)
③We should practice economy even if we are rich.
即使我们富裕了也仍应该厉行节约。(还没有富裕)
④Even though he tried，he still lagged behind other runners.
尽管他努力了，但仍落在其他赛跑者之后。(这是事实情况)
高考直击
语法填空
(2014·北京改编)________ the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year.
答案：Even though/Although/Though　本题考查让步状语从句。句意：即使那个森林公园很遥远，但是每年都有很多游客到那里参观。根据句意可知上下文之间有转折关系，所以使用even though/although/though表示让步转折关系。
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完成句子
即使下雨，他还是会准时来的。
He will come on time________________________________.
答案：even though/if it rains
2．In this sense everybody's use of language—whether English，Chinese, or any other—is different.
在这种意义下，每个人使用的语言——不管是英语、汉语，还是其他的——都是不同的。
(1)本句中whether English，Chinese，or any other 相当于whether the language is English，Chinese，or any other。whether....or意为“不论，不管……还是……”，引导让步状语从句。
I have decided to buy a bicycle，whether it is expensive or not.
不管贵不贵，我已经决定买一辆自行车。知识拓展
其他引导让步状语从句的连词还有：although，though，however，whatever，whoever，whenever，wherever，even if/even though 等。
①Although/Though they are poor，they often help others.
尽管他们很穷，但他们还是帮助别人。
②Whatever/No matter what you say，I won't believe you.
无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。
(2)in this sense 从这种意义上说
The word here is used in its figurative sense.
此词在这儿取的是它的比喻意义。
知识拓展
in a/one/some sense/way 在某一方面；就某种意义来说
in no sense/way＝not at all 决不，一点也不
make sense 有意义；意思清楚；有道理
make sense of 理解；懂；明白
There's no sense in (doing) 毫无意义
①What you say is true in a sense.
你的话在某种意义上属实。
②Can you make sense of this poem?
你看得懂这首诗吗？
③There's no sense in waiting three hours.
等三小时是毫无意义的。
④The conclusion is in no sense scientific.
这个结论绝不是科学的。
⑤It would make sense to leave early.
早点离开是明智的。
即学即用
语法填空
Everyone in the village is very friendly.It doesn't matter ________ you have lived there for a short or a long time.
答案：whether
3．The first English speakers arrived little more than 200 years ago—and they didn't want to.第一批说英语的人在200多年前到达这里——并且他们不愿意来这里。
不定式符号to后面动词的省略。
有些动词或短语 expect，prefer，care，mean，forget，want，used to，be going to等，如句子前面已经出现过同样的动词，为了避免重复，句子后面的不定式常省去动词原形，而保留不定式符号to。但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有 be，have，have been 等词时，这些词要保留。
He was asked to go，but he didn't want to.
他被要求离开，但他并不想走。
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完成句子
我们曾邀请他来，但他没来。
He didn't come，though we had____________________.
答案：invited him to答案：1.or rather　2.in particular　3.In this sense　4.lies in
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．不管你喜不喜欢，你必须改变你的生活方式。
________you like it________，you'll have to change your lifestyle.
2．只要你不把书弄脏，你就可以借。
You may borrow the book________you keep it clean.
3．万一我们失败，我们也绝不会失去信心。
________we fail，we won't lose heart.
4．我不想和你争论这件事。
I don't want to________________________this.
5．你分得清这两个孪生兄弟吗？
Can you________the twin brothers________？
答案：1.Whether；or not　2.as long as　3.In case　4.debate with you about　5.tell；apart
Ⅲ.单项填空
1．It doesn't________whether you are Asian，American or European；we are all the same.
A．depend B．work
C．help D．matter
答案：D　句意为：你是亚洲人，美洲人还是欧洲人，这不重要；我们都一样。matter vi.要紧，重要；whether 引导的句子是真正的主语，it 为形式主语。
2．________I am concerned，the meeting held last week is a great success.
A．As long as B．As well as
C．As far as D．As soon as
答案：C　as long as 只要，引导条件状语从句；as well as 也，不但……而且；as far as I am concerned 就我而言；as soon as 一……就……，引导时间状语从句。句意为：就我而言，上周召开的会议非常成功。
3．In sport what really________is not the winning but the playing.
A．is counted B．counts
C．is numbered D．accounts
答案：B　考查动词辨析。句意：就运动而言，重要的不是赢，而是参与。count为不及物动词，表示“很重要”，不用于被动。number为动词时，表示“编号，报数”；account为动词时，表示“叙述”。
4．The key to resolving the unemployment problem ________ creating more job opportunities.
A．lies in B．results in
C．adds to D．leads to
答案：A　lie in意为“在于”；lead to＝result in 意为“导致”；add to 意为“增添”。根据句意“解决失业问题的关键，在于创造更多的就业岗位”可知，答案为A。
5．I think that in a certain________，difficult situations can stimulate a person's potential，and pave the way for him to success.
A．sense B．feeling
C．touch D．meaning
答案：A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为，在一定意义上， 困境能激励一个人的潜能，并为他的成功铺好道路。in a certain sense在一定意义上。
6．—Does your brother always work so hard?
—Yes，________he catches a cold or has a fever sometimes.
A．whenever B．no matter how
C．even though D．as if
答案：C　even though引导让步状语从句。句意：——你哥哥是不是总是工作非常努力。——是的，既使他有时感冒或发烧都这样。
7．If you lose a customer，regret it________excuse it，or you will lose him for ever.
A．as well as B．rather than
C．as far as D．other than
答案：B　as well as 既……又，和……一样；rather than 宁可也不愿，而不是；as far as 就……而言，远到……；other than 除了……，不同于。句意：假如你失去一位顾客，你为此而遗憾而不是寻找借口，否则的话，你将会永远失去他。故B项符合题意。
8．—The weather is getting warmer.I hope the children won't go onto the ice.
—I warned them________.
A．not B．not to
C．not go D．won't
答案：B　考查省略结构。答语是“I warned them not to go onto the ice”的省略形式。Module 4　 第二课时
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．This western restaurant is________(优于)to the one we went to last week.
2．Jimmy________(克服)his difficulties to graduate with a first-class degree.
3．He has no________(联系)with foreigners.
4．Learning to identify and select________(有关)information is a useful skill.
5．Words can't________(传递)my feelings.
6．He________(收回)his hand from the hot stove.
7．Education develops________(潜在的)abilities.
8．What is the________(寓意)of this story?
9．He________(挑选)a team for the special task.
10．I'm quite________(含糊的)about what happened.
答案：1.superior　2.overcame　3.association　4.relevant　5.convey　6.withdrew　7.potential　8.moral　9.selected
10．vague
Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子
1．要鼓励消费者对劣质商品投诉。
Consumers are encouraged to________faulty goods.
2．开场白以后我们马上讨论实质问题，一个小时内便达成了协议。
After the introductions we immediately________business and reached an agreement within an hour.
3．我把这当作是一次学习新技能的机会。
I look on it as an opportunity to________.
4．请向你家里人转达我最美好的祝愿！
Please ____________________________your family!
5．他没来看她演出，因此她感到非常失望。
She felt he ________________________see her performance.
6．雨下得很大，小玛丽感到冷，所以紧靠着妈妈站着。
It was raining ______________，Little Mary felt cold so she stood __________________.
7．无论谁向她请教，她总是乐意帮忙。
____________________________________，she is always ready to help.
8．为了赶上头班公交车，他一早就起来了。
He got up early______________________________________________.
9．他虽穷，但是诚实。
Poor__________________________，he is an honest man.
10．他醒了过来，结果发现大家都走了。
He woke up________________________________________________.
答案：1.complain about　2.got down to　3.acquire fresh skills　4.convey my best wishes to　5.had let her down by not coming to　6.heavily/hard；close to her mother　7.Whoever/No matter who asks her for advice　8.so that he could catch the first bus/so as to catch the first bus　9.as he is　10.(only)to find everyone gone
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
Language is a major problem for the European Union (EU). The agreement or treaty which created the organization that eventually became the EU，the Treaty of Rome，stated that each country' s language must be treated equally.The original six countries had only three languages between them：French, German and Dutch/Flemish.However，there are now 15 countries in the EU，with a total of 12 languages.EU documents must be translated into all these languages，and at official meetings the speeches must be translated into all the languages by interpreters.
All this translating is very expensive and time consuming(费时的)．It is said that nearly half of all employees of the EU are engaged in translating documents and speeches，and nearly half of the EU's administrative(管理方面的)costs are spent on this task.In the near future it is probably that several more countries，most of them having their own languages，will join the EU，thus making the situation even worse.
The problem is not just cost：there are practical difficulties as well.With 12 languages，there are 132 possible “translation situations” that might be needed.It is often difficult to find people in the right place at the right time who can translate from (for example) Danish into Greek，or Dutch into Portuguese，at a high professional standard.
In practice the problem has been made less severe by the use of English in many contacts between EU officials，since almost all of them speak some English.However，any move to reduce the number of official languages(perhaps to four or five)would be a blow to the price of the smaller countries.Another commonly suggested solution is to make English the official language for all EU business.However，this is strongly resisted by powerful member countries like France and Germany.
1．What's the main purpose of this passage?
A. To give a solution to a problem.
B．To find out a problem and show how severe it is.
C．To criticize the European Union for ill efficiency.
D．To show that the problem cannot be solved.
答案：B　推理判断题。本文的主题是说明欧盟内部语言问题的严重性，故选D。
2．According to the writer，the use of English in contacts among EU officials has________.
A. angered the officials who don't speak English
B．reduced the number of official languages
C．lessened the effect of the problem
D．been opposed by powerful member countries
答案：C　推理判斯题。根据文章第四段第一句可知本题选C。
3．The writer mentions “Danish into Greek”as an example of________.
A. a situation that might be difficult to deal with
B．a situation that occurs often
C．one of the 12 situations that require an interpreter
D．languages easily being interpreted
答案：A　细节理解题。由文章第三段最后一句可知本题A项正确。
4．The writer suggests that if the number of official languages was reduced________.
A. the EU would not know which official languages to choose
B．countries whose languages were not used officially would be unhappy
C．only languages which are easy to translate would be used officially
D．the smaller member countries would be pleased
答案：B　推理判断题．由文章最后一段第二句可知本题选B。
B
The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare's time is estimated (估计) to have been about five million.Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a native language，mainly in the United States，Canada，Great Britain，Ireland，South Africa，Australia and New Zealand.In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas，there are a great many regional and social varieties of the language as well as various levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.
In fact，it is impossible to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate(足够的) working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages.The purpose for English learning and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is difficult to explain and still more difficult to judge what forms an adequate working knowledge for each situation.
The main reason for the widespread demand for English is its present importance as a world language.Besides serving the indefinite needs of its native speakers，English is a language in which some of important works in science，technology，and other fields are being produced，and not always by native speakers.It is widely used for such purposes as meteorological and airport communications，international conferences，and the spread of information over the radio and television networks of many nations.It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries，especially former British colonies.Many of these countries have multilingual populations and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government，commerce，industry，law and education as well as for international communication and for entrance to the scientific and technological developments in the West.
5．What would be the best title for this passage?
A．The Difficulties of Learning English
B．International Communications
C．The Standard Varieties of English
D．English as a World Language
答案：D　主旨大意题。根据第3段第1句及全文的内容：英语在各个国家的各个领域的应用，可推知此题的答案为D。
6．Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Some 260 million people in the world have an adequate working knowledge of English.
B．There are some 260 million native speakers of English in the world.
C．It is almost impossible to estimate the number of people with an adequate working knowledge of English.
D．People learn English for a variety of reasons.
答案：A　细节理解题。根据文章第1段中第2句及第2段的第1句的描述可推知此题的答案为A。
7．According to the passage，what is the main reason for the widespread use of English?
A. It was popular during Shakespeare's time.
B．It is used in former British colonies.
C．It serves the needs of its native speakers.
D．It is a world language that is used for international communication.
答案：D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的描述，英语在世界不同领域、不同的地区的使用，可推知此题的答案为D。
8．What type of developing countries would be most likely to use English?
A. Those geographically close to the United States.
B．Those interested in the culture of the United States.
C．Former colonies of Great Britain.
D．Countries where international conferences are held.
答案：C　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段倒数第2句可推知此题答案为C。
Ⅳ.短文填空
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Swimming，cycling，jogging，skiing，dancing，walking or any of dozens of other activities can help your heart.__1__Whether it is a structured exercise program or just part of your daily routine，all exercise adds up to having a healthier heart.Here are some tips for exercise success.
●Choose activities that are fun and add variety.Develop several activities that you can enjoy. __2__
●Wear comfortable，properly fitted shoes and comfortable，loose-fitting clothing appropriate for the weather and the activity.
●Find a convenient time and place to do activities.__3__If you miss an exercise opportunity，work activity into your day another way.
●Use music to keep yourself entertained.
●__4__Decide what kind of support you need.Do you want them to remind you to exercise？Exercise with you regularly or occasionally？Be understanding when you get up early to exercise？Spend time with children while you exercise？Try not to ask yourself to change your exercise routine？Share your activity time with others.Ask your family members，friends or co-workers for help.
●Don't overdo it，especially at first，You can slowly increase the time and intensity (强度) of your activities as you become more fit.__5__
●Keep a record of your activities.Reward yourself at times.Nothing will inspire you more than success!
A．Try to make it a habit，but be flexible.
B. They all cause you to feel warm and breathe heavily without being out of breath.
C. Be an active role model for your children.
D. That way，exercise will never seem boring.
E. If you are overweight or have a high risk of heart disease，see your doctor for medical advice before exercising.
F. Surround yourself with supportive people.
G．Gradually，work up to exercising on most days of the week for 30～60 minutes.
答案：1～5　BDAFG
Ⅴ.书面表达
三班的同学进行了一场有关英语学习的讨论。讨论的题目是：学习英语要不要从儿童时期开始？请你根据下表中的提示写一篇短文，介绍讨论的情况。词数：100～120左右。
一些同学认为
另一些同学认为
1.应从儿童时期开始学习英语；
2．儿童时期记忆力好，可以记住很多单词；
3．能为以后的英语学习打下坚实的基础。
1.不应从儿童时期开始学英语；
2．儿童时期既要学汉语拼音又要学英语，易混淆；
3．会影响汉语学习和今后的英语学习。
结论：讨论未取得一致意见
参考范文：
The students of Class 3 had a discussion about whether it is necessary to start learning English from childhood.
Opinions are divided on this issue.Some of them think that English learning should start from childhood.As little boys and girls have a very good memory，they can learn a lot of English words by heart.This will help them lay a solid foundation for their future English learning.
But others do not agree.Young children have to learn Chinese pinyin at school.If they study Chinese pinyin and English at the same time，it will be very likely for them to mix them up.This will do a lot of harm not only to their Chinese learning but also to their future English learning.
In short，the students have not arrived at any agreement yet.
课件136张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 · 选修8 Which English？Module 41.1.1　集合的概念第二课时　Grammar & Everyday English & Reading Practice 1.1.1　集合的概念Module 4Ⅰ.重点单词
1．抱怨；不满(v.)→__________抱怨(n.)__________
2．革命(n.)__________
3．调查(v.)____________→调查(n.)__________
4．得到，获得(v.)___________→获得；学到(知识等) (n.)______________
5．确信的，信服的(adj.)______________→确信，使信服(v.)______________
6．此外，而且(adv.)______________complain complaint revolution investigate investigation acquire acquirement convinced convince furthermore 7．联系(n.)__________→有联系(v.)__________
8．进退两难的境地；困难的抉择(n.)________
9．有关的；切题的(adj.)________
10．荒谬的，荒唐的(adj.)________
11．传达，传递(v.)________
12．概念；观念(n.)________
13．因此，因而(adv.)________
14．弄明白；澄清(v.)________
15．趋向；倾向(n.)________association associate dilemma relevant
absurd
convey
concept
thus
clarify
tendency16．挑选，选择(v.)→________挑选，选择(n.)________
17．意义；含义(n.)__________→有意义的 (adj.)________
18．收回；撤销(说过的话)(v.)________
19．拒绝接受(v.)________→拒绝(n.)________
20．潜在的；可能的(adj.)________
21．辱骂；恶语(v.)________
22．得罪；使伤感情(n.)________
→得罪，冒犯(n.)________
23．对……不忠(v.)________
24．征服；战胜(v.)________select selection significance significant withdraw reject rejection potential abuse offence offend betray overcome
25．反对(v.)________
26．偏见；歧视(n.)________
27．反抗；抵抗(n.)________
28．抵触；冲突(n.)________
29．将……分类(v.)________
30．赞许；赞成(n.)________
→赞许，赞成(v.)________
prejudice
resist
conflict
classify
approval
approveopposeⅡ.重点短语
1．get held________遭遇阻塞
2．communicate________与……交流
3．________conclusion总之
4．a huge________of大量的(修饰可数名词)
5．be relevant________与……相关
6．get down________sth.开始做某事
7．let sb.________使某人失望
8．be meant________意欲……，有……目的up with　 in number to to down for Ⅲ.语法感知
(1)完成下列句子。
①他英语说得非常好。
He speaks English________________.
②我的父母经常告诉我们过去他们的艰苦生活。
My parents often tell us about their bitter life ________________________.
③我是专门来看你的。
I come specially________________________.
④因为吃起来很可口，那些苹果卖得很好。
________very delicious，the apples sell very well.
⑤老师走进了教室，后面跟着几个学生。
The teacher came into the classroom，________by some students.
答案：①very well　②in the past　③to see you　④Tasting　⑤followed
(2)试翻译下列句子，并体会黑体部分在句中的作用。
①As soon as I came home，it began to rain.
____________________，天就下起雨来了。
②You should put the book where it was.
你应该把书放______________________。
③He didn't attend the meeting because he had too much work to do.
__________________________他没来参加会议。
④I am saving money in order that I can buy a house.
我正在攒钱，________________________.
答案：①我一到家　②在原来的地方　③因为要干的活太多　④以便买一栋房子1．complain v．抱怨，不满
complain that...抱怨……
complain to sb.of/about sth.向某人抱怨/诉苦某事
complain of (doing) sth.抱怨某事
①He complained to the neighbours about the dog.
他向邻居抱怨那条狗。
②I complained to the hotel manager that the room was too damp.
我向旅馆经理抱怨房间太潮湿。
③She complained to me about his bad manners.
她向我抱怨他没有礼貌。
单词积累
complaint n．诉苦，抱怨，牢骚
If your neighbours are too noisy then you have cause for complaint.
如果你的邻居太喧哗，你就有理由投诉。
即学即用
介词填空
He complained________me________the food I had prepared.
答案：to；about
2．investigate vi.& vt.调查，研究
Police are investigating the possible links between the murders.
警察正在调查这些谋杀案之间可能存在的联系。
知识拓展
investigation n．调查
under investigation 在调查中
The matter is under investigation.
事情正在调查中。
即学即用
完成句子
我们有些人常常忽略这类调查研究。
Some of us often neglect____________________.
答案：such investigation and study
3．acquire v．获得，得到
①He had acquired a good knowledge of biology.
他学到了不少生物学知识。
②He acquired a good reputation.
他获得了好声誉。
辨析
acquire，obtain，gain一言辨析
Gazing at her newly published books，Jane is deep in thought：it took her 9 years to acquire the ability to use English and about 2 years to obtain the permission to study abroad.Now 15 years have passed and it's indeed not easy for her to gain the honour in a foreign country.
盯着刚出版的她的几本新书，简陷入了沉思。她花了九年的时间才学会英语，又花了两年的时间获得许可到国外留学；现在十五年过去了，对她来说在国外赢得这种荣誉确实不易。
即学即用
完成句子
读书可以增长知识。
Through reading one can________________.
答案：acquire knowledge
4．convinced adj.确信的，信服的
①I am convinced of the truth of my reasoning.
我确信自己推理的正确。
②I felt convinced that he would succeed.
我确信他会成功。
知识拓展
(1)be convinced that...确信……
be convinced of sth.确信某事
(2)convince v．使信服
convincing adj.令人信服的
辨析
convince，persuade
convince“说服，使信服”主要指通过事实证据等使人相信。
persuade “说服，劝服”，主要指通过讲道理甚至乞求的办法使人相信，从感情上打动对方。
①I couldn't convince him of his mistake.
我无法使他认识到自己的错误。
②I tried to persuade her to see a doctor.
我极力劝她去看医生。
即学即用
介词填空
Scientists are convinced________the positive effect of laughter ________ physical and mental health.
答案：of；on
5．association n．[C，U]联系；联想
①He has no association with foreigners.
他和外国人没有联系。
②Scotland has all kinds of happy associations for me.
苏格兰给我各种各样愉快的联想。
知识拓展
in association with 与……合作
associate v. 将……联系起来；交往；联合；联想
即学即用
完成句子
我从跟他的交往中获益匪浅。
I benefited much from ________________________.
答案：my association with him6．dilemma n. [C]进退两难的境地；困难的抉择
①Mary is facing the dilemma of obeying her father or marrying the man she loves.
是服从父亲还是嫁给自己所爱的人是玛丽面临的难题。
②She is in a dilemma about the job offer.
对于这份工作她不知道是接受还是不接受。
知识拓展
be in a dilemma 在进退两难中
put sb.in a dilemma 使某人左右为难
即学即用
完成句子
她进退两难，不知该留在学校读书还是找工作。
She________________________________as to whether to stay at school or get a job.
答案：was in a dilemma
7．relevant adj.有关的；切题的
①Learning to identify and select relevant information is a useful skill.
学会辨认并挑选有关信息是一项很有用的技能。
②Relevant documents were presented in court.
法庭上出示了相关的文件。
知识拓展
(be)relevant to与……有关
The point is highly relevant to the discussion.
那一点和这次讨论的内容密切相关。
即学即用
完成句子
她拒绝回答一切和这件事无关的问题。
She refused to answer all the questions not ________________ the affair.
答案：relevant to
8．convey vt.传达，传递
①This passage conveys the writer's idea clearly.
这段话清楚地传达了作者的想法。
②This ship conveys oil from the Middle East.
这艘船从中东运输石油。
③Pipes convey hot water from the boiler to the radiators.
管道把热水从锅炉输送到散热器里。
即学即用
完成句子
言语无法表达我的感受。
Words cannot________________________.
答案：convey my feelings
9．thus adv.如此，这样；因此
①He sold his farm and thus he had enough money for his journey.
他卖掉了农场，这样他就有足够的钱旅行了。
②He forgot to turn on the radio and thus missed the program.
他忘了打开收音机，因此错过了那个节目。
特别提示
thus 位于句中时，后常跟现在分词(短语)作结果状语。
辨析
thus/so/therefore
(1)thus adv.因此，所以。可放在句首或句中。
We do not own the building.Thus，it would be impossible for us to make any major changes to it.
我们不是这栋楼房的房主，因此不能对它进行大的改动。
(2)so因此，所以。它是一个并列连词，连接前后两个分句。
He was sick，so he went to see a doctor.
他病了，所以他去看医生了。
(3)therefore adv.因此，所以。常放在句首，表示结果。可以单独使用，也可以和and连用。
He has broken his leg and therefore he can't walk.
他摔断了腿，因此不能走路了。
即学即用
完成句子
他们往药里加了很多水，结果降低了药效。
They added much water in the drug，________________its effectiveness.
答案：thus reducing
10．select vt.挑选，选择
①He was selected to play for Beijing.
他获选代表北京参加比赛。
②He selected a red tie to go with his gray suit.
他挑了一条红色领带搭配他的灰色西装。
辨析
select，choose
Mother spent a long time selecting a few hats for Mary，out of which Mary chose the one she liked best.
母亲花了许多功夫给玛丽挑选了几顶帽子，玛丽在其中挑了一顶她最喜欢的。
即学即用
语法填空
________(select)a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly.
答案：Selecting/To select
11．reject vt. 拒绝，不接受；不录用；驳回
reject表示“拒绝，不接受”时后面常接gift，offer，opinion，suggestion等名词。
①It's up to you to accept or reject the proposal.
对该建议是接受还是拒绝由你决定。
②One of my papers was rejected.
我的一篇论文被退回来了。
辨析
reject/refuse/object
(1)reject“拒绝，不接受”，其后直接跟名词、代词作宾语，不接不定式，语气较强。
The proposal was rejected.
这项提议被否决了。
(2)refuse“拒绝，回绝”，主要用于拒绝别人的请求、要求、邀请或帮助，其后可以接动词不定式。
They were refused admittance.
他们被拒绝入内。
(3)object表示“反对”，后常跟介词to.
However，others strongly object to developing private cars.
然而，另外一些人强烈反对发展私人小汽车。
即学即用
语法填空
We did not expect our offer ________(reject)so quickly.
答案：to be rejected12．abuse v．辱骂；说(某人)坏话；滥用，妄用
①I won't allow you to abuse my parents.
我绝不允许你辱骂我的父母。
②You are always abusing and offending people.
你总是出言不逊得罪人。
③His abuse of drugs leads to his death.
他滥用药物导致死亡。
④He always abuses the privilege in the office.
在办公室里他总是滥用职权。
知识拓展
abusive adj.谩骂的；虐待的
abuser n．[C]滥用者；施虐者
即学即用
完成句子
亨利被指控虐待他的父母。
Henry was accused of________________________.
答案：abusing his parents
13．offence n．[C，U]得罪；使伤感情；犯规(法)
give/cause offence使……受伤害
take offence at 对……生气
①He didn't mean to cause offence to you.
你无意伤害你。
②I hope you will not take any offence at my words.
我希望你不要对我的话生气。
知识拓展
offend v．得罪，伤害……的感情；使不舒服；违反
He offended against good manners.
他违反礼仪。
即学即用
完成句子
(1)他举止小心以便不冒犯其他人。
He behaves himself so as not to________________________ others.
(2)对于他说的话不要生气。
Don't________________________what he said.
答案：(1)give offence to　(2)take offence at14．betray vt.出卖，泄露(机密)；辜负，对……不忠；无意中泄露信息
①For years they had been betraying state secrets to their enemy country.
他们多年来一直向敌国泄露国家机密。
②She felt betrayed when she found out the truth about him.
当发现他的真实情况时，她感到受到了欺骗。
③His voice betrayed the worry he was trying to hide.
他的声音掩盖不了内心的担忧。
知识拓展
betrayal n．(被)背叛，出卖
I felt a sense of betrayal when my friend refused to support me.
朋友拒绝帮助我时，我有一种被出卖的感觉。
即学即用
完成句子
只要你不出卖我，要我做什么我都愿意。
As long as you don't________________，I'll do whatever you ask me to(do)．
答案：betray me
15．overcome vt.战胜；克服
①There will be no difficulty in the world that they cannot overcome.
世界上任何困难他们都可能克服。
②He was overcome by their demands.
他屈从了他们的请求。
图解助记
图解overcome的构词：
知识拓展
be overcome with受到(情绪)的极大影响
Bill was overcome with grief.
比尔悲痛欲绝。
注意：overcome的过去式，过去分词分别为overcame，overcome。
即学即用
完成句子
他们必须克服他们学习中的所有困难。
They had to________________________________in their studies.
答案：overcome all the difficulties
16．oppose v．反对
①We support those who help maintain peace and oppose those who make war and who seek hegemony.
谁搞和平，我们就拥护；谁搞战争和霸权，我们就反对。
②The President opposes giving military aid to this country.
总统反对向该国提供军事援助。
知识拓展
oppose(doing) sth.反对(干)某事
be opposed to (doing) sth.反对(干)某事
①I am opposed to going shopping with others.
我反对与他人一起外出购物。
②Many residents are opposed to the plan of building the motorway.
许多居民反对修建那条高速公路的计划。
即学即用
语法填空
The local people opposed________(build) the new hotel because of the great cost.
答案：building
17．resist v．抵抗；对抗
①A balanced diet will increase your ability to resist infection.
均衡的饮食可以增强你抗感染的能力。
②They resisted the attack from the enemy bravely.
他们勇敢地抵抗了敌人的进攻。
知识拓展
(1)resist v．忍耐，忍住(多用于否定句)
can't resist sth./doing sth.忍不住做……，经受不住……
(2)resistance n．抵制，抵抗
(3)resistant adj.有抵抗力的，抵制的
be resistant to...对……有抵抗力
①I couldn't resist chatting online for over 8 hours a day at the beginning of my vacation，but soon I got tired of it.
假期开始之初，我忍不住每天上网聊天8个多小时，但很快就厌倦了。
②I prefer the plants that are resistant to bad climate.
我比较喜欢那些对恶劣的气候有抵抗力的植物。
即学即用
语法填空
While shopping，can you resist________(persuade)to buy anything that you don't really need?
答案：being persuaded18．classify v. 将……分类
classify as归类为
classify according to/by 依照……分类
①People who work in libraries spend a lot of time classifying books.
在图书馆工作的人花大量的时间将图书分类。
②Would you classify her novel as serious literature or as mere entertainment?
你认为她的小说属于文学类呢，或者只是属于通俗读物类？
知识拓展
classification n．[U，C]分类，等级
My job involves the classification of the different species of butterfly.
我的工作涉及将不同种类的蝴蝶分类。
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在法律上，啤酒归在食品一类。
In law，beer________________________a food product.
答案：is classified as1．in conclusion 总之，最后
①In conclusion，a good citizen should obey traffic rules.
总之一个好公民就应该遵守交通规则。
②In conclusion，I'd like to say how much I've enjoyed staying here.
最后我想要说我在这里过得很愉快。
知识拓展
arrive at/reach/come to/draw a conclusion得出结论
at the conclusion of在……结束时
make a conclusion 下结论
jump to a conclusion 草率下结论
bring sth.to a conclusion 使某事结束
①We came to the conclusion that the room must have been empty then.
我们得出的结论是：那个房间当时一定是空的。
②What conclusions can you draw from his remarks?
从他说的话中你可以得出什么结论？
③Everyone clapped at the conclusion of his speech.
他的演说结束时大家都开始鼓掌。
④Now we can make a conclusion that it is impossible.
现在我们可以下结论：那是不可能的。
⑤Don't jump to a conclusion so quickly.Actually，I can't agree with you on that point.
不要这么快就下结论。实际上，在那一点上我和你意见不一致。
⑥I will bring my story quickly to a conclusion.
我将很快结束我的故事。
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最后我们要对为取得这项成果而辛勤工作的所有人表示感谢。
________________，we should like to thank all those who have worked so hard to bring about this result.
答案：In conclusion
2．a(huge/large)number of＝(huge/large)numbers of许多，大量(修饰可数名词复数；句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数)
the number of……的数目；修饰可数名词复数；句中作主语，谓语动词用单数。
①There are a large number of people there.
那里有很多人。
②Numbers of people visited the fair.
许多人参观了展览会。
③Birds gather in large numbers beside the river.
鸟儿一群群地聚在河边。
④The number of girls in this class is large.
这个班级的女孩人数多。
⑤The number of skilled workers is small.
熟练工人人数较少。知识拓展
只修饰可数名词的有：
many，a great/good many ，a large/great number of，many a
只修饰不可数名词的有：
much ，a great/good deal of，a great/good amount of，
既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的有：
a lot of，lots of，plenty of，a quantity of，a large quantity of，large quantities of，a mass of，masses of等。
①There are a good many people in the hall.
大厅里有很多人。
②A great deal of work awaits me.
许多工作等着我去做。
③The factory turns out a large quantity of paper products.
这家工厂生产大量的纸制品。
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A huge number of people________(be)watching the concert being held on the square now.
答案：are
3．get down to 认真地开始做某事
其中to是介词，所以后面要跟名词或者动名词。
①It's time for me to get down to finding a job.
现在我该开始认真地找工作了。
②He got down to his work after the holidays.
度假之后他开始专心工作。
知识拓展
(1)后接动名词的常用短语：be get used to 习惯，look forward to盼望，希望，oppose to 反对，object to反对，pay attention to注意，be opposed to反对，devote oneself to致力于
(2)get的相关短语
get across讲清楚；被……理解
get along相处；进展
get away from离开
get together相聚
get through穿过；接通电话
get off下车；动身
get out 出来，出去
get over克服；从……恢复过来
I am familiar with his work and look forward to hearing his views on literary and artistic creation.
我熟悉他的作品，并期待他能就文艺创作问题发表自己的见解。
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I must get down to________(study)tonight，as there will be an exam next week.
答案：studying
4．let sb.down 使某人失望
Please come and support me.Don't let me down.
请来支持我，别让我失望。
知识拓展
let sth.down放下；降低
let alone更不用说
let sb.alone不干涉某人
let in放进，让……进来
let out放出；发出①We let the bucket down by a rope.
我们用绳子把桶放下去。
②I can't afford a bicycle，let alone a car.
我连一部自行车也买不起，更不用说买小轿车了。
③Your mother is tired—let her alone!
你妈妈累了——别打扰她！
④The windows don't let in much light.
这些窗户透过的光线不多。
⑤At sight of snake lying on the ground，she let out a scream.
看到地上有条蛇，她大叫了一声。
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他不会让你失望的，他很靠得住。
He won't________________________；he's very reliable.
答案：let you down1．It is estimated that 1.3 billion people will use English as either a first or a second language by 2050.
据估计到2050年有13亿人会把英语作为第一或第二语言。
It is estimated that...意为“据估计……”，该句型属于“It is/was＋p.p.＋that从句”结构，其中it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。
①It is estimated that there were 5,000 people attending the conference.
据估计有5000人出席了这次会议。
②It' s estimated that China will be the largest car consuming market in the world.
据估计中国将成为世界上最大的轿车消费市场。
知识拓展
It is generally agreed that...人们普遍认为……
It is believed that...人们相信……
It is known that...众所周知……
It is considered that...人们认为……
It is hoped that...人们希望……
It is suggested that...有人建议……
①It is generally agreed that the cost of wedding is paid by the parents of bridegroom.
人们普遍认为结婚的费用由新郎的父母支付。
②It used to be believed that the earth is the center of the universe.
人们曾经以为地球是宇宙的中心。
③It is suggested that we should hand in our homework before class.
有人建议我们应该在上课前交上作业。即学即用
翻译句子
(1)人们认为这项工程今年不能完工。
_________________________________________________
(2)据报道，有七个人死于这起交通事故。
_________________________________________________
答案：(1)It is thought that the project can't be completed this years.
(2)It is reported that seven people were killed in the accident.
2．Not all idioms have been common for many years.
并非所有的习语都是多年来常用的。
not all...意为“并非所有的……都”，是部分否定，not的位置较灵活，可置于句首，也可放在句中。
Not all the people present agreed with you.
＝All the people present didn't agree with you.
不是所有在场的人都赞成你的看法。
知识拓展
(1)与not连用构成部分否定的词有：all，both，everyone，everywhere，everybody，always，every，everything，altogether(全体)，entirely(全部地)，wholly(全部地)；
(2)表全部否定的词有：none，nobody，no one，neither，never，nothing，nowhere等。
①Almost everyone knows the painting，Mona Lisa，but not everyone knows of its bizarre history.
每个人都知道《蒙娜丽莎》这幅画，可是并非人人了解它的离奇历史。
②None of the people present agreed with you.
所有在场的人都不赞成你的看法。
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我们没有足够的书供每人一本，你们中有些人需要合伙看一本书。
We haven't enough books________________；some of you will have to share.
答案：for everybody
表解语法助记(Ⅰ)Review of Adverbial
修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分叫状语。
用作状语的通常是副词、介词短语、不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。表解语法助记(Ⅱ)Review of Adverbial clauses高考直击
语法填空
(1)(2014·安徽改编)The meaning of the word “nice' changed a few times ________ it finally came to include the sense pleasant.”
答案：before　句意：在“nice”这个词最后包括有“pleasant”的意义之前，它的意思已经变化了好几次了。本句中的副词finally说明最后nice包括有“pleasant”的意思，说明意义多次变化是之前发生的事情。所以用before来连接从句。
(2)(2014·湖南改编)You will never gain success ________ you are fully devoted to your work.
答案：unless　句意：如果你不能努力工作，你永远都成功不了。本句中的unless相当于if…not…。
(3)(2014·江苏改编)Lessons can be learned to face the future，________ history cannot be changed.
答案：though/although　句意：尽管历史不能改变，但是为了面对未来我们还是要从历史中学会教训。根据句意可知上下文之间存在着转折关系，所以使用though/although表示让步和转折。(4)(2014·江西改编)It was the middle of the night ________ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game .
答案：when　本句中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句。句意：当我的父亲把我叫醒并我告诉我看足球赛的时候，那时在半夜
(5)(2014·陕西改编)The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left ________ I could ask for their names.
答案：before　本题考查的是状语从句连词。句意：归还我丢掉的钱包的那对年轻的夫妻在我问他们名字之前就离开了。(6)(2014·四川改编)I'll be out for some time. ________ anything important happens, call me up immediately.
答案：In case　本题考查的是状语从句连词。句意：我要出去一下。万一有什么重要事，请立刻打我电话。
(7) (2014·天津改编)________ you start eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier.
答案：Once　本题考查的是状语从句连词。句意：一旦你开始以一种健康的方式吃饭，控制体重就会变得更加容易。根据句意可知once表示“一旦”，引导条件状语从句。
(8) (2014·浙江改编)Cathy had quit her job when her son was born ________ she could stay home and raise her family.
答案：so that　句意：当Cathy的儿子出生的时候，Cathy一句辞职了，以至于他可以待在家里抚养孩子。根据句意可知本句中的so that引导的是一个目的状语从句。即学即用
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1．When ________(ask)for his views about his teaching job，Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
答案：asked　本题考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被问到他对他的教学工作的看法时，菲利普说他觉得这份工作很有趣，很值得。句子的逻辑主语是Philip，与ask之间是被动关系；再根据句意，此处表示过去的事情，用过去分词表被动，是省略的时间状语从句，补充完整为：When he was asked for his views about his teaching job，……。
2．Hot________ the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
答案：as　本题考查倒装句。句意：尽管夜间的空气很热，但我们睡得很沉，因为长途旅行之后，我们太累了。as引导让步状语从句时，用倒装语序，其结构为：名词/形容词/副词/动词＋主语＋谓语动词，如果名词为可数名词单数，则省略冠词。
3．If you happen to get lost in the wild，you'd better stay ________ you are and wait for help.
答案：where　本题考查从句。分析句子可知，where引导地点状语从句。句意：如果你碰巧在野外迷路的话，最好呆在原地等待帮助。根据句意stay后跟地点状语从句。
4．As is reported，it is 100 years________Qinghua University was founded.
答案：since　本题考查关系连词。句意：正如报道的那样，清华大学建校100周年了。从句中动词的时态“was founded”来看，since一词最合适。
5．He had no sooner finished his speech______the students started cheering.
答案：than　本题考查连词的用法。句意：他一演讲完，同学们就欢呼起来了。no sooner...than...，表示“一……就……”。
6．One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekend away ________my daughter heard cries for help.
答案：when　考查连词。be doing...when...“正在干某事突然……”，when“在这时，在那时”，相当于at this/that time。句意：在某个周五，我们正在为周末的出行而打包，这时女儿听到了求救声。
7．You may use the room as you like______you clean it up afterwards.
答案：so long as　本题句意：你可以随便使用这个房间，只要你用过后把它打扫干净就行了。so/as long as表示“只要”；引导条件状语从句。例如：It matters little who does it so long as it is done.只要事情做了，谁做都行。注意：as you like表示“随你的便”。例如：Stay as long as you like.你愿停留多久皆可。
8．________ unemployment and crime are high，it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.
答案：Where　考查连词与状语从句。句意为：在失业率和犯罪率高的地方，可以假定后者是由前者造成的。where引导状语从句，表示“在……地方”。
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．I can lend you the money________________________(条件是)you return it in a week.
2．They stayed there，________________________(又唱歌又跳舞)．
3．________________(不知道)the way to the bank，I stopped a boy and asked him.
4．________(建于)a hundred years ago，this house is the oldest in the village.
5．He worked________late last night________(如此……以至于……)he is feeling sleepy now.
答案：1.on condition that　2.singing and dancing　3.Not knowing　4.Built　5.so；that
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Cigarette smoking has been________(association)with lung cancer.
2．They are more________(convince)that thrift(节俭)is a traditional virtue that has been passed on from generation to generation.
3．She________(select)a white silk dress for the party.
4．This is the last day for high school seniors to accept or ________(reject)offers of admission in the fall.
5．I am________(oppose)to drunk driving.
答案：1.associated　2.convinced　　3.selected　
4．reject　5.opposed
Ⅲ.单项填空
1．Isn't it time you got down to________the papers?
A．mark　　　　　　　 B．be marked
C．being marked D．marking
答案：D　句意为：还不到你着手批改这些试卷的时候吗？get down to意为”开始做某事，开始认真注意/对待某事”，to是介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词；you与mark之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故应该用主动形式。
2．—Do you believe his words?
—No，what he said was________.
A．less convincing B．more convincing
C．less convinced D．more convinced
答案：A　考查形容词。句意为： —你相信他说的话吗？——不。他说的话不令人信服。convincing令人信服的；convinced确信的，信服的，根据句意可知正确选项为A。
3．Why________you always________us instead of agreeing with us?
A．do；oppose to B．are；opposed to
C．do；disagree D．are；opposed
答案：B　be opposed to“反对”。句意：你为什么总是反对我们而不是同意我们呢？
4．—Were you disappointed when the boss________your proposal?
—A little bit ，but I haven't let it bother me.
A．received B．reserved
C．rejected D．resisted
答案：C　句意为：——老板拒绝你的建议时你失望吗？——有点，但是我不会让它烦我的。receive意为“接受”；reserve意为“保留”；reject意为“拒绝”，reject one's proposal拒绝了某人的建议；resist意为“反抗，抵制”。
5．Now words can't________how delighted I am.
A．convey B．deliver
C．clarify D．speak
答案：A　句意：此刻语言无法表达我有多么高兴。A项意为“传达，表达”；B项意为“发送”；C项意为“澄清，阐明”；D项意为“说话”。
6．The student cheated again in the examination. He ________his teacher's trust in him.
A．abused B．offended
C．betrayed D．hurt
答案：C　句意：这个学生又在考试中作弊了，他辜负了老师的信任。A项意为“滥用”；B项意为“冒犯”；C项意为“背叛”；D项意为“伤害”。
7．That building is________because all the others like it were destroyed.
A．ambiguous B．unique
C．infamous D．moral
答案：B　句意：那座建筑物很独特，因为和它类似的都被毁了。A项意为“暧昧的，不明确的”；B项意为“独一无二的”；C项意为“声名狼藉的”；D项意为“道德的，精神的”。
8．You can't avoid________your job tomorrow________you work hard today.
A．losing；unless B．to lose；though
C．losing；until D．to lose；if
答案：A　句意：明天之后你不可避免的要丢掉工作，如果你现在不努力工作。avoid是一个及物动词，后跟动词－ing作宾语，而unless意为“除非”，引导条件状语从句，相当于if...not。应选A项，其他选项不符合意境。Module 4　 第三课时
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She asked him to________(说清楚)what he meant.
2．The meaning of the sentence is very________(模糊的)．
3．The man in blue has been________(调查)and found guilty.
4．We must work hard to________(获得)a good knowledge of English.
5．To start with，we haven't got the________(批准)．
6．His speech gave________(得罪)to everyone attending the meeting.
7．His action proved that he was a man to________(对……不忠)a friend.
8．She looked into the box out of________(好奇心)．
答案：1.clarify　2.ambiguous　3.investigated　4.acquire　5.approval　6.offence　7.betray　8.curiosity
Ⅱ.句型转换
1．It is reported that seven people were killed in the accident.
→Seven people were reported ________________________________in the accident.
2．It is comfortable to sit in the sofa.
→The sofa is comfortable________________________.
3．He has failed six times，but he will try again.
→He has failed six times，but he will try ________________ time.
4．He couldn't help laughing at the exciting news.
→He ________________________ at the exciting news.
5．His unique genius made him different from other reporters.
→His unique genius ________________________________other reporters.
答案：1.to have been killed　2.to sit in　3.a seventh　
4．couldn't resist laughing　5.told him apart from
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
Once a manager wanted to test his people about their values of life. He announced__1__in their folder (文件夹), there was a PVC pouch (袋) and in it a seed. When they return, they must put the seed in a pot with good soil and look__2__it very well. He would hold a competition at the next year's seminar and that the best plants would be awarded__3__(suitable).
Everyone did what was told. A year passed quickly. And the next year in a big hall was a great scene! There were hundreds of pots and a great__4__(various) of plants—all except one. In this pot was soil，__5__no plant! The owner of the pot was standing quietly and seemingly ashamed__6__himself.
The general manager called him on the stage. He asked him what happened and he told him the truth. He planted the seed，__7__he was given, and did what was to be done—but nothing happened.
The general manager declared him the winner!
Everyone was__8__(shock)．
It was announced, “Gentlemen! The seeds I gave you were__9__(boil) seeds. You planted them and nothing happened! You acted smartly and used some other seeds. This man was honest to his work and therefore, he did not cheat me or__10__！”
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．that　that引导宾语从句。
2．after　look after“照顾”。
3．suitably　做状语应该用副词suitably。
4．variety　a(great) variety of“多种多样的”。
5．but　前后意思为转折关系。在这个盆里只有土，没有植物。
6．of　be ashamed of“感到羞愧，感到惭愧”。
7．which　引导定语从句，在从句中做given的宾语。
8．shocked　表示人因某事“震惊”用shocked。
9．boiled　过去分词表示动作已发生，意为“煮熟的”。
10．himself　由前句“这个人对自己的工作很诚实”可推断经理是说“他没有欺骗我和他自己”。
【辽宁卷题型】
Sally: So what do you think was the best part?
Claire: The part where I said “I do”， of course.
Sally: Haha, I knew you would say that.
Claire: Actually, I really like it when your parents give their speeches. I have never really seen them express any emotion before, but their words almost made me cry，__1__ your Dad's.
Sally: Well, it was a really special day for them. They think you and your parents are just great, and it makes the__2__(celebrate)much better when you think about it as gaining a new family.
Claire: I__3__ agree more. And it was so__4__(amaze)to have all my friends together. I think everyone had a wonderful time.
Sally: The food turned__5__ pretty decent, huh?
Claire: It certainly__6__. You never know how these things will go with so many people to feed, but I think everyone was pleased. The cake was a bit of__7__(appoint), though.
Sally: Yeah, but nobody ever actually likes the cake. I mean, it's really only there to be used as face paint for the__8__and groom!
Claire: Well, you sure got me good! And you know what? I__9__(forget)what a good dancer you are. It had been a long time since we cut a rug together. I think that was__10__ everything truly sank in—that you were going to be Mrs Kyle Daniels forever.
Sally: Um, you mean that you were going to be Mr.Sill Washington forever...
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．especially　考查副词。此处指尤其是父亲的话。
2．celebration　考查名词。此处缺少宾语，所以用名词形式。
3．couldn't　考查情态动词。此处表示完全同意。
4．amazing　考查非谓语动词。Amazing用来修饰事物。
5．out 　考查介词。turn out 表示“结果是，证明是”。
6．did 　考查时态。根据上下文可知此处表示过去的情况。所以用过去时。
7．disappointment　考查名词。a bit of 在此修饰名词，所以用名词形式。
8．bride 　 考查固定搭配。Bride and groom 表示“新娘和新郎”。
9．had forgotten　考查时态。根据下文可知此处用过去完成时。
10．when　 考查连词。此处表示时间，所以用when。
Ⅳ.完形填空
At the 1924 Olympic Games in Paris，the favorite team in the four-man canoe race was the United States team.One member of that team was a young man by the name of Bill Havens.
As the time for the Olympics __1__，it became clear that Bill's wife would give birth to their first child about the time that the US team would be __2__ in the Paris games.In 1924 there were no jet airliners from Paris to the United States，only __3__ ocean-going ships.And so Bill found himself in a __4__ .Should he go to Paris and __5__ not being at his wife's side when their baby was born？Or should he __6__ from the team and remain with his family?
Bill's wife __7__ that he go to Paris. __8__，competing in the Olympics was his lifelong __9__.But Bill felt __10__ and, after much soul-searching，__11__ to withdraw from the competition and remain home，where he could __12__ his wife when the child arrived.
As it __13__，the United States four-man canoe team won the gold medal in Paris.And Bill's wife was __14__ in giving birth to their child.She was so late，in fact，that Bill could have competed in the event and returned home in time to be with her when she gave __15__.
People said，“What a shame.” But Bill said he had no __16__.For the rest of his life，he believed he had made the __17__ decision.Bill Havens knew what was most __18__ to him. Not everybody figures that out.And he acted on what he believed was best.Not everybody has the __19__ to say no to something he or she truly wants in order to say yes to something that truly __20__.But for Bill，it was the only way to peace；the only way to no regrets.
文章大意：Bill Havens即将参加1924年奥运会的四人划艇比赛，但为了即将分娩的妻子，他选择放弃比赛，从而错过了赢得奥运金牌的机会。面对众人的惋惜，他却表示从未为此感到后悔。
1. A．neared B．started
C．ended D．narrowed
答案：A　根据下文可知，奥运会临近了，他的妻子也快要分娩了。near作动词时意为“接近，临近”。
2．A.practising B．competing
C．entering D．trying
答案：B　根据空后的in the Paris games可知，此处指他妻子分娩时他应该正在巴黎奥运会上比赛(compete)。
3．A.expensive B．heavy
C．large D．slow
答案：D　此处与空前的jet air liners形成对比，说明当时只有速度很慢的(slow)船只可以到达巴黎。
4．A.hurry B．puzzle
C．dilemma D．trap
答案：C　是参加比赛，还是待在家里陪护妻子，他处于两难的境地，dilemma“(进退两难的)窘境，困境”。
5．A.avoid B．risk
C．bear D．miss
答案：B 　根据上文可知，如果他去巴黎参加奥运比赛就要冒孩子出生时他不在妻子身边的风险。risk“冒……的危险”。
6．A.break B．keep
C．wander D．withdraw
答案：D　根据空后的remain with his family可知，他在考虑自己是否应该从队中退出，待在家里。withdraw from“退出，离开”。
7．A.complained B．preferred
C．insisted D．promised
答案：C　根据空后的that he go to Paris可知，这里用的是虚拟语气，四个选项中只有insist符合这一要求，从语义上也可得此答案。
8．A.After all B．Above all
C．In all D．At all
答案：A　此处强调比赛对他的重要性，用“毕竟”来加强语气。above all“首先，最重要的是”，in all“总共，合计”，at all“根本，究竟”，都不符合语义。
9．A.purpose B．struggle
C．opportunity D．dream
答案：D　根据语境可知，他之所以处于两难境地，他的妻子之所以劝他去，都是因为参加奥运比赛是他一生的梦想(dream)。
10．A.disappointed B．conflicted
C．confused D．encouraged
答案：B　根据上文可知，他处于进退两难的境地，内心很矛盾。conflicted“冲突的，矛盾的”。
11．A.expected B．continued
C．decided D．stopped
答案：C　根据下文可知，此处表示经过深思，他决定(decide)退出比赛，待在家里。
12．A.support B．watch
C．comfort D．appreciate
答案：A　他最终决定留在家里，这样他就可以在孩子降生时支持、帮助妻子，故用support。
13．A.fed back B．pointed out
C．came out D．turned out
答案：D　最后的结果是，美国四人划艇队获得了巴黎奥运会的金牌。turn out“结果是”。
14．A.effortless B．sorry
C．late D．hard
答案：C　根据下一句中的She was so late可知，此处应用late，表示他妻子分娩的时间比预产期晚。
15．A.expression B．birth
C．way D．break
答案：B　根据14空后的giving birth to their child可知此处应用birth。
16．A.pains B．sufferings
C．defeats D．regrets
答案：D　由上一句可知，人们为他感到惋惜，而But一词说明他的想法和众人不同，也就是说他不后悔。regret“后悔，遗憾”。
17．A.better B．bigger
C．worse D．more
答案：A　上文说他自己并不后悔，说明他相信这是他做出的最好的决定。
18．A.obvious B．true
C．important D．close
答案：C　Bill能做出这样的决定是因为他知道什么对自己最重要(important)。
19．A.responsibility B．love
C．kindness D．strength
答案：D　此处是作者的观点：并不是每个人都有“力量”对他或她真正想要的东西说不。
20．A.lasts B．matters
C．works D．records
答案：B　他放弃了自己的梦想是为了选择对自己来说重要的事情。matter“有重要性，有重大关系”。
Ⅴ.阅读理解
English around the world
Today，nearly 350 million people across every continent use the English vocabulary as a mother tongue.Three quarters of the world's mails and letters are in English.So are more than half the world's technical and scientific periodicals(期刊)—it is the language of technology from Silicon Valley(硅谷) to Shanghai.English is the medium for 80 percent of the information stored in the world's computers.Nearly half of all business deals in Europe are conducted in English.It is also the language of sports and glamour(魅力)—the official language of the Olympics and the Miss Universe competition.Five of the largest broadcasting companies in the world(CBS，NBC，ABC，BBC，CBC)transmit in English to audiences that regularly exceed one hundred million.
Though English is a language as old as Greek or Chinese，its truly significant development has occurred only in the last one hundred years or so.Taking the most conservative estimates，there are three or four hundred million people using English，but not as a native language.English has become a second language in countries like India，Nigeria or Singapore where it is used for administration，broadcasting and education.In these countries，English is a vital alternative language，often unifying huge districts and diverse populations.When Rajiv Gandhi appealed for an end to the violence that broke out after the murder of his mother，he went on television and spoke to his people in English.Then English is used as a foreign language in some countries，like Holland or Yugoslavia，where it is backed up by a tradition of English teaching.It is used to have contact with people in other countries ，usually to promote trade and scientific progress.A Dutch poet is read by a few thousands.However，translated into English，he can be read by hundreds of thousands.As either a first，second or foreign language，English has been a global phenomenon.
1．According to the passage，which of the following is TRUE?
A．Nearly half of the world's mails and letters are written in English.
B．70 percent of the information in the world's computers is stored in English.
C．English is not as old as Chinese.
D．In the last one hundred years，English developed greatly.
答案：D　细节判断题。从文章第一段第二句可排除A项，第四句话排除B项，第二段第一句话排除C项。
2．In the countries like India，Nigeria or Singapore English is used for the following purposes except________.
A．administration B．broadcasting
C．education D．business
答案：D　细节判断题。从文章第二段第三句可看出A，B，C项都提到了，只有D项没有提到。所以选择D项。
3．Which of the following words can be used to explain the underlined one in paragraph one?
A．broadcast B．send
C．take D．translate
答案：A　词义猜测题。从本句可看出这句话的主语是广播公司，所以它的谓语应该是向听众广播。
Ⅵ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同学写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Attention please，everyone.We accepted the weather forecast on the radio this morning that there will have a heavy rain tonight.Be sure shut the windows and doors until you leave your classrooms. The sports meet that we planned to hold on tomorrow will be put off. After it becomes fine，we'll make other announcement.We will have classes on Wednesday as usually.Since it is colder tomorrow，please dress on more clothes in time. Those who comes to school by bike，don't keep your umbrella open while riding.
答案：
Attention please，everyone.We  the weather forecast on the radio this morning that there will  a heavy rain tonight.Be sure  shut the windows and doors  you leave your classrooms.The sports meet that we planned to hold on tomorrow will be put off.After it becomes fine，we'll make  announcement.We will have classes on Wednesday as  .Since it is colder tomorrow，please  on more clothes in time.Those who  to school by bike，don't keep your  open while riding.
课件55张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 · 选修8Which English？Module 41.1.1　集合的概念第三课时　Cultural Corner & Task 1.1.1　集合的概念Module 4
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．好奇心(n.)________→好奇的(adj.)________
2．着迷，迷恋；吸引力(n.)________
3．语气；音调(n.)________
4．起初(adv.)________→最初的(adj.)________
5．投考者，应考人(n.)________
答案：1.curiosity；curious　2.fascination　3.tone　4.initially；initial　5.candidate
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．________than超过，多于
2．be meant________为……而准备的
3．________the moment当时
答案：1.more　2.for　3.at1．demand v．强烈要求　n．[U，C]需求；要求
①He demanded to speak to the manager.(＝He demanded that he(should)speak to the manager.)
他强烈要求跟经理谈话。
②The management has refused our demand for a 6% pay rise.
管理层拒绝了我们提出的工资增加6%的要求。
知识拓展
demanding adj.费事的，需要技能的
in great demand需要量很大；许多人都需要
make demands on 对……提出要求；有求于
meet the demand 满足需要；符合要求
on demand 一经请求；在要求支付时；(借据等)见票即付
①She's a very demanding child.
她是一个很让人费心的孩子。
②This is a bill payable on demand.
这是张见票即付的汇票。
③Dave is an old friend but he has no money.I feel perhaps I shouldn't to make demands on him.
戴夫是位老朋友，但很穷。我认为我也许不该有求于他。即学即用
语法填空
(1)—How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
—The key________(solve) the problem is to meet the demand ________ (make)by the customers.
(2)I am not going to sit here and let her abuse me.I demand that she immediately________(apologize)for what she just said.
答案：(1)to solving；made　(2)(should)apologize
2．curiosity n. 好奇心，新奇的事物
He asked it out of curiosity.他因好奇心而问。
知识拓展
(1)have a curiosity about sth.对……有好奇心
out of curiosity出于好奇
satisfy one's curiosity满足某人的好奇心
Out of curiosity，I asked him how much he paid for his car.
我只是出于好奇，问他买这辆车花了多少钱。
(2)curious adj.好奇的，古怪的；常用于be curious about sth.../ be curious to do sth./be curious that...
①The reporter is curious to know whether the official is involved in the case.
这个记者很想知道那位官员是否涉及此案。
②I'm curious to know what she said.
我真想知道她说了什么。即学即用
翻译句子
(1)对于你不该知道的事别好奇心那么重。
_________________________________________________.
(2)他没有告诉你，真令人奇怪。
_________________________________________________.
答案：(1)Don't be too curious about things you are not supposed to know.
(2)It's curious that he didn't tell you.
3．fascination n．迷恋，陶醉；魅力；有魅力的东西
He was staring at her with fascination.
他出神地盯着她看。
知识拓展
fascinate vt.迷住；强烈地吸引
fascinated adj.(用作表语)着迷的，常用于be fascinated to see/hear/learn/discover等结构。
fascinating adj.迷人的；极美的；极好的
①What fascinates me most about the little boy is that he is always making faces at strangers.
最使我感兴趣的是那个小男孩总是朝陌生人做鬼脸。
②Mary was fascinated to see animals in the wild.
玛丽入迷地看着野外的动物。
③This idea is fascinating.
这主意好极了。
即学即用
语法填空
The girl was so________(fascinate)by the attractive river that she would spend hours sitting on its bank and gazing at the boats and rafts going and coming.
答案：fascinated
4．candidate n. [C]投考者，应考人，候选人
a failed candidate 落选人
a presidential candidate 总统候选人
①There were ten thousand candidates for the entrance examination.
有一万人参加了这次入学考试。
②He was the most hopeful candidate to win the presidency.
他是最有希望赢得总统职位的候选人。
即学即用
完成句子
(1)我们认为他是最佳人选。
We judge that he is________________________.
(2)他被选为总统候选人。
He was elected________________.
答案：(1)the best candidate　(2)presidential candidatebe meant for为……而有；注定要成为……；计划被给予某人
①The magazine was meant for young girls.
那份杂志是编给年轻女孩看的。
②He was meant for a painter.
他注定要当画家。
③I was never meant for the army.
我根本不是当兵的材料。
知识拓展
sth.be meant to happen/be某事注定要发生
即学即用
语法填空
In some parts of London，missing a bus means________ (wait)for another hour.
答案：waiting1．As one American student says，“The biggest problem about learning Chinese is often fear—sometimes caused by the teachers...”
正如一位美国学生说的：“学习汉语最大的问题常常是害怕——有时是由老师引起的……”。
as是关系代词，引导定语从句，在定语从句中作say的宾语，意思是“正如；正像”。As is known to us all，the earth is round.
正如我们所知，地球是圆的。
关系代词as引导的定语从句与which引导的定语从句
as和which引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是：
(1)as和which都可以在定语从句中作主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。
He married her，as/which was natural.
他娶了她，那是很自然的。(2)as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，甚至还可分割主句，且常见于as is known，as sb.can know，as sb.know，as it's well known，as it is，as is said above等句型中。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as常有“正如；正像”的含义。
①John，as you know，is a famous writer.
正如你所知道的，约翰是一个著名作家。
②Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times，which I don't believe.
我不相信张华已经去巴黎超过10次了。 (3)当先行词被such，the same修饰时，关系代词常用as。
This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.
这是和我上周丢失的一样的词典。
注意：当先行词被the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。
①She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's wedding.
她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的那条连衣裙。
②She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.
她穿着跟她妹妹一样的连衣裙。
即学即用
语法填空
________is often the case，we have worked out the production plan.
答案：As
2．I remember the first time I heard a native of Beijing speaking，it was so clear!
我记得第一次听到北京当地话，太地道了！
the first time连词，引导时间状语从句，相当于when...for the first time。
The first time I met him，he was a child.
我第一次见到他时，他还是个孩子 。
辨析
the first time＋从句与It's the first time＋从句
(1)the first time＋从句，表示“第一次做……时”，从句的时态用一般过去时态。
(2)It's the first time＋从句，表示“这是我第一次做”，从句的时态用完成时态。
①The first time I read the book，I liked it.
我初次读这本书就喜欢上了它。
②It's the first time I have seen such a beautiful lake.
这是我第一次看见这么美丽的湖。
③It was the first time he had been to Beijing.
那是他第一次去北京。
即学即用
完成句子
我第一次见到她就认为她非常诚实。
I thought her nice and honest____________________I saw her.
答案：the first time答案：1.got down to　2.In conclusion　3.a huge number of　4.let me down　5.is meant for
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．The teachers in the kindergarten should protect the children's________，which will make them find more by themselves.
A．feeling　　　　　　　 B．complaint
C．curiosity D．concept
答案：C　句意：幼儿园的老师应该保护孩子的好奇心，这会使孩子自己发现更多的东西。
2．The chair was________you，but she took it away.
A．taken for B．meant for
C．regarded as D．devoted to
答案：B　句意：那把椅子原本是为你准备的，但是被她拿走了。be meant for sb.“为某人而准备的”，符合题意。be taken for“被错当成”；be regarded as“被当作；被看作”；be devoted to“奉献于”。
3．They________that the truth of the thing be made public.
A．rejected B．demanded
C．exposed D．suspected
答案：B　句意：他们要求公布这件事情的真相。demand“要求，”后可接that从句，从句中用(should)do形式。reject“拒绝”；expose“暴露”；suspect“怀疑”。
4．A lot of language learning，________ has been discovered，is happening in the first year of life，so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
A．as B．it
C．which D．this
答案：A　本题考查非限制性定语从句。句意：正如被发现的那样，一些语言学习发生在一生的头几年，因此父母们应该在那一时期多与他们的孩子们说话。分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，而it和this都不能引导非限制性定语从句，故排除B、D两项；as有“正如，如同”之意，正合题意；which可以引导非限制性定语从句，但意为“这一点”，不合题意，故选A项。
5．How can you expect to learn anything________you never listen?
A．in case B．even if
C．unless D．when
答案：D　句意：你从来没听说过，怎么能期望学会呢？此题考查状语从句。A项“以防，万一”；B项“即使”；C项“除非”；D项“既然。”
6．They had kept working for several weeks ________ everything was put in order.
A．before B．after
C．since D．unless
答案：A　句意：他们持续不断工作了几个星期后，一切才恢复正常。此题考查连词。A项“在……之前，很久后才”；B项“在……后”；C项“自从”；D项“除非”。如何写正反对比类的议论文
典题示例
人们对于学生网上交友持不同意见。请你用英语写一篇关于网上交友的短文，介绍人们的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。
注意：1.词数为120个左右。
2．参考词汇：网络朋友online friends；上当受骗get cheated
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_________________________________________________审题立意
遣词造句
1．通过网上聊天，学生们可以自由地表达他们的情感和观点。
①更加自由地_______________________________
②表达他们的思想和观点_________________________
③网上聊天___________________________
④翻译此句：____________________________________
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2．他们甚至认为网上聊天对于学生学习外语是有帮助的。
①认为……____________________________________
②有帮助__________________________________
③补全该句：___________________chatting online is ____________________________________________________
3．他们说在网上交友是浪费时间，这些时间花在学习上更有意义。
①交朋友_______________________________________
②浪费时间_____________________________________
③更有意义_________________________________
④翻译此句：______________________________________
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4．我的观点是，学生应该把学习、健康和安全放在首位。
①我的观点是______________________________
②把……放在首位_______________________________
③补全该句：________________________students should ____________________________their study，health and safety __________________________.
写作提醒
1．本文的题目要求中已给出了要点，所以应围绕这几个要点来写，不能脱离主题。
2．除所给要点之外，还可适当发挥，增加一些其他细节。
3．注意条理要清晰，主次要分明。连句成篇
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【参考答案】
【审题立意】
①议论文　②网上交友　③一般现在时　④第三人称
【遣词造句】
1．①more freely　②express their feelings and opinions　③chat online
④Students can express their feelings and opinions more freely by chatting online.2．①think that　②be helpful/be of help
③They even think (that)；of great help for students to learn foreign languages
3．①make friends　②a waste of time　③more meaningfully
④They say making friends online is a waste of time，which should be spent more meaningfully on study.
4．①It is my opinion that...　②place...before other things　③It is my opinion that；place；before other things
【连句成篇】
Should students make friends online？Different people have different opinions about it.
Some people are in favor of it.First of all，they think the Internet helps make many friends.Secondly，students can express their feelings and opinions more freely by chatting online.What's more，they even think chatting online is of great help for students to learn foreign languages.
Others，however，think students should not.They say making friends online is a waste of time，which should be spent more meaningfully on study.Besides，some students get cheated online.
It is my opinion that students should place their study，health and safety before other things. As for friendship，we can readily find it in our classmates and other people around us.课件7张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 · 选修8 Which English？Module 4英语很疯狂，里面有许多自相矛盾的表达，不过这也充分说明了英语是人造的，不是吗？
English Is a Crazy Language
English is a crazy language.There is no egg in an eggplant，neither pine nor apple in a pineapple and no ham in a hamburger.We take English for granted.But when we explore its paradoxes1，we find that hot dogs can be cold；darkrooms can be lit；homework can be done in school；nightmares can take place in broad daylight while morning sickness and daydreaming can take place at night.
And why is it that a writer writes，but fingers don't fing，and hammers2 don't ham？If the plural3 of tooth is teeth，shouldn't the plural of booth be beeth？One goose，two geese—so one moose，two meese?
How can a slim chance and a fat chance be the same，while a wise man and a wise guy are opposites？How can overlook and oversee4 be opposites，while quite a lot and quite a few are alike？How can the weather be hot as hell one day and cold as hell the next?
English was invented by people，not computers，and it reflects the creativity of human beings.That's why，when stars are out，they are visible，but when the lights are out，they are invisible.And that's why，when I wind up my watch，I start it；but when I wind up this essay，I end it.