Module 5 第一课时
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Police have appealed to anyone who________(目睹)the incident to contact them.
2．The word“explode”means“to________(爆炸)with a lot of force and loud noise.”
3．The score is________(假设)to represent the achievement of an average 7-year-old boy.
4．She explained the question to the boy 5 times with great________(耐心)．
5．The 18th National Congress of the CPC is a________(具有历史意义的) meeting，which is to have a great effect on our life.
6．Kangaroos can________(跳跃)up to 9 metres in a single bound.
7．Dogs are trained to become________(习惯的)to flares and the noise of helicopters.
8．Hedgrerows(灌木树篱) would need to be checked for nesting birds in________(提前)if they are to be removed.
9．Several d________ago，a great nation was founded.
10．He worked in a________(联合的)venture.
答案：1.witnessed 2.burst 3.assumed 4.patience
5．historic 6.leap 7.accustomed 8.advance 9.decades
10．joint
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．He________________________sleeping for an hour after lunch.(习惯)
2．He has modern ideas________________________his great age.(尽管)
3．It was several minutes before he________________________what was happening.(意识到)
4．The bear came out of woods towards us，_______________________________________. (我们提心吊胆)
5．She left him and determined never to________________________that house again.(踏进)
答案：1.is accustomed to 2.in spite of 3.was aware of
4．our hearts in our mouths 5.set foot on
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
There was a man who had four sons. He wanted his sons to learn not to judge things too__1__(quick). So he sent them each to go and look at a pear tree that was far__2__.
The first son went in the winter, the second in the spring, the__3__in the summer, and the youngest son went in the autumn. __4__they had all gone and came back, he called them together to describe what they__5__(see)．
The first son said that the tree was ugly. The second son said no—it was covered with green buds and full of promise.
The third son__6__(agree). He said it was full of flowers that looked very beautiful.
The last son said it was full of fruit.
The man then explained to his sons that they were all wrong，__7__they had each seen just one season in the tree's life.
He told them that you cannot judge what a tree is, or how a person is，__8__only one season. The__9__(please), joy and love coming from that life can only be measured at the end.
If you give up when it's winter, you will miss__10__promise of your spring, the beauty of your summer and the fruit of your fall.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．quickly 修饰动词judge应用副词quickly。
2．away far away“遥远”。
3．third 老人共有四个儿子，前面说了the first，the second，后面有the youngest，所以此空应填third。
4．When when引导时间状语从句。
5．had seen see发生在called them together之前，故用过去完成时。
6．disagreed 下一句描述的“树上开满了鲜花，看起来很美丽”，和二儿子描述的情况不同，说明三儿子不同意二儿子的说法。
7．because 说明四个儿子都错了的原因。
8．by judge...by...“通过……判断……”。
9．pleasure 与joy，love并列做主语，应用名词pleasure。
10．the promise后有of your spring限定，是特指“春天的希望”，用定冠词the。
【辽宁卷题型】
Mrs. Zhang：This is your seat, Mr.Brown. Sit down, please.
Mr.Brown: Thank you. Mrs. Zhang, I'm really a bit__1__now. I know nothing about Chinese table__2__(manner).
Mrs. Zhang: Don't worry, Mr.Brown.__3__table manners, there is only one rule you must observe. That is to make__4__(you)at home.
Mr.Brown: OK, I'll try.
Mrs. Zhang: Mr.Brown，__5__ do you prefer, Brandy or Mao Tai?
Mr.Brown: Brandy and Mao Tai are too strong for me.
Mrs. Zhang: Well, what about dry red wine?
Mr.Brown: OK.
Mrs. Zhang: Would you like to use chopsticks__6__a knife and fork?
Mr.Brown: I'd like to try chopsticks.
Mrs. Zhang: OK, let me__7__(show) you. Look，__8__ place both sticks between the thumb and the fore fingers, and then, keep one __9__ and move the other.
Mr.Brown: Let me try... Well, how is that?
Mrs. Zhang: Fine, you are learning fast. Well, to your health and success in__10__(busy). Cheers.
Mr.Brown: Cheers.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．nervous 考查形容词。此处指我真的有点紧张。
2．manners 考查名词。table manners表示“餐桌上的礼仪”。
3．As for 考查介词。此处表示“关于，至于”。
4．yourself 考查代词。Make yourself at home表示“就像在自己家里一样”。
5．which 考查连词。此处表示对后面所列举的选项做出选择。
6．or 考查连词。此处表示选择。
7．show 考查非谓语动词。Let sb do sth 表示“让某人做某事”。
8．first 考查固定搭配。First place 表示“首先”。
9．still 考查副词。此处表示保持不动。
10．business 考查名词。此处表示在生意方面。
Ⅳ.完形填空
For thousands of millions of years the moon has been going round the earth.At that time，the moon was the __1__ satellite(卫星)of the earth.Today，__2__，the earth has many other satellites.All of them are __3__ by man.These man-made satellites are very much smaller than the moon.However，some of them will still be going __4__ the earth thousands of years from now.
Man-made satellites don't __5__ because they are going too fast to do so.As they speed along，they __6__ to go straight off into space.They __7__ out of the earth，or its gravity，which __8__ them from doing this.As a result，they travel in an orbit(轨道)round the earth.
If a man-made satellite travels about at a certain height，it can keep going __9__ round the earth，just like the moon.This is __10__ it is above the atmosphere(大气)，and there is nothing to __11__ it down.If it travels __12__ than that，it will be slowed down so much that it will __13__ the earth.
Men have __14__ spaceships to the moon and to the two __15__ planets Mars(火星) and Venus(金星)．By putting a camera on __16__ the spaceship to the moon，men have been able to __17__ photographs of the other side of the moon.This side is always __18__ from us as the moon __19__ the earth.The __20__ were later transmitted by radio to the earth.They showed that the other side of the moon is very much the same as the side that turns towards us.
1．A.first B．second
C．last D．only
答案：D 从常识以及下文的many other satellites可知在人造卫星之前月亮是地球唯一(only)的卫星。
2．A.then B．however
C．though D．so
答案：B 前后两句间有转折关系，所以用副词however“然而”。
3．A.found B．discovered
C．made D．sent
答案：C 根据下文These man-made satellites可知这些卫星是人造卫星。
4．A.with B．round
C．behind D．after
答案：B 根据上文going round the earth可知这些卫星绕着地球转。
5．A.fall B．rise
C．break D．stop
答案：A 根据下文的they travel in an orbit round the earth.可知这些人造卫星由于速度快所以不会掉(fall)下来。
6．A.want B．wish
C．hope D．tend
答案：D 当加速时，卫星易于(tend to)进入太空。
7．A.pull B．push
C．take D．launch
答案：A 卫星离开(pull out of)地球，进入轨道。
8．A.protects B．keeps
C．makes D．discourages
答案：B 地球重力阻止卫星离开地球。keep...from doing...“阻止……做某事”。
9．A.in and in B．on and on
C．out and out D．up and up
答案：B 从上文可知卫星会一直绕着地球转。on and on“不停地”。
10．A.because B．why
C．whether D．when
答案：A 本句介绍前句的原因。This is because...“这是因为……”。
11．A.hand B．force
C．slow D．bring
答案：C 根据上下文可知大气会使卫星慢下来。slow sth.down“使……慢下来”。
12．A.higher B．longer
C．more D．lower
答案：D 与上文above the atmosphere构成对应，所以使用lower。
13．A.leave away B．fall to
C．go after D．knock over
答案：B 根据第二段第一句可知如果它的速度慢下来，卫星会掉入(fall to)地球。
14．A.gave B．offered
C．sent D．drove
答案：C 人们已经把宇宙飞船送上(send)了月球。
15．A.nearest B．smallest
C．biggest D．closest
答案：A 由常识可知Mars(火星)and Venus(金星)是最近的(nearest)两个星球。closest表示“最靠近的”。
16．A.board B．right
C．left D．top
答案：A board the spaceship“在宇宙飞船上”。
17．A.form B．film
C．catch D．take
答案：D take photographs of“拍照”。
18．A.far B．hidden
C．different D．separated
答案：B 根据下文可知the other side of the moon是月球背朝地球的那一面。
19．A.leads B．obeys
C．circles D．pursues
答案：C 月球围绕(circle)地球转。
20．A.information B．letters
C．sounds D．photos
答案：D 根据上文提到的photographs可知将照片(photos)发回地球。
Ⅴ.阅读理解
Stephen William Hawking was born on January 8,1942(300 years after the death of Galileo)in Oxford，England.His parents' house was in North London，but during the Second World War Oxford was considered a safer place to have babies.When he was eight，his family moved to St Albans，a town about 20 miles north of London.At eleven Stephen went to St All.School，and then on to University College，Oxford，his father's old college.Stephen wanted to do mathematics，although his father would have preferred medicine.Mathematics was not available at University College，so he did physics instead.
Stephen then went on to Cambridge to do research in cosmology(宇宙论)．After gaining his PHD，he became first a research fellow，and later on a professional fellow at Gonville & Caius College.After leaving the Institute of Astronomy in 1973 Stephen came to the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics，and since 1979 has held the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics.The chair was founded in 1663 with money left in the will of the Reverend Henryucas，who had been the Member of Parliament for the University.It was first held by Isaac Barrow，and then in 1669 by Isaac Newton.
His many publications include The Large Scale Structure of Spacetime with G．F.R.Ellis，General Relativity ：An Einstein Centenary Survey with W．Israel，and 300 Years of Gravity with W．Israel.Stephen Hawking had two popular books published：his best seller A Brief History of Time，and his later book，Black Holes and Baby Universes and other essays.
“My goal is simple.It is a complete understanding of the universe，why it is as it is and why it exists at all，”Hawking said.
1．Hawking's father would like Hawking to learn________.
A．mathematics B．physics
C．medicine D．cosmology
答案：C 根据第一段倒数第二句“Stephen wanted to do mathematics，although his father would have preferred medicine.”可知，父亲想让霍金学习医学。
2．Which one of the following is NOT right about the description of Hawking?
A. Hawking was born on the 300th anniversary of Galileo's death.
B．Hawking went to school at the age of eleven.
C．Hawking liked physics best when he was young.
D．Hawking，together with W．Israel wrote two of his works.
答案：C 根据第一段的内容可知，斯蒂芬·霍金最早较喜欢数学，但学习了物理专业，是因为那所大学没有数学专业。
3．All the people has held the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics except________.
A．Henry Lucas B．Stephen Hawking
C．Isaac Barrow D．Isaac Newton
答案：A 文章第二段中介绍了艾萨克·贝若，艾斯克·牛顿和斯蒂芬·霍金都担任这个职务，故A项符合题意。
4．What Hawking said in the last passage means that________.
A. he would like to lead a simple life
B．he would devote his life to the research of the universe
C．he has understood the great law of the universe
D．it is easy for him to understand the universe
答案：B 联系上下文和最后一段霍金所说的“My goal is simple.It is a complete understanding of the universe...”反映了他献身宇宙科学研究的决心。
5．The BEST title for this passage is most likely to be“__________”．
A．Hawking's happy family B．Hawking and his colleagues
C．Hawking's great works D．Hawking—a great scientist
答案：D 本文主要介绍了斯蒂芬·霍金的生平，他对宇宙科学理论的研究成果以及他献身宇宙科学研究的决心，故D项符合题意。
Ⅵ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同学写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I used to love science class—all of them—biology，chemistry，geography or physics.I think I liked those classes because I felt that it helped me understand what the world works.For example，when I was a child，the rain was a mystery.In one class，I learn why it rained.I think science classes clear mysteries.But then there is always more mysteries look into.What was my least favorite class? That was math.After learn the basics of the subject，nothing else seemed very practical to me.I never saw how I could use it in my daily life.
答案：
I used to love science —all of them—biology，chemistry，geography physics.I think I liked those classes because I felt that helped me understand the world works.For example，when I was a child，the rain was a mystery.In one class，I why it rained.I think science classes clear mysteries.But then there always more mysteries look into.What was my least favorite class? That was math.After the basics of the subject，nothing else seemed very practical to me.I never saw how I could use it in my daily life.
课件91张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 · 选修8The Conquest of the UniverseModule 51.1.1 集合的概念第一课时 Introduction
& Reading and Vocabulary(1)1.1.1 集合的概念Module 5
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．飞跃，跳跃(n.)________
2．共同的；联合的(adj.)________
3．习惯的(adj)______________
→使习惯于……(vt.)____________
4．航天飞机(n.)________
5．历史性的，有重大历史意义的(adj.)________
6．收看(电视)；收听(广播)(v.)________
leap joint accustomed accustom shuttle historic tune
7．目击，亲眼看见；亲身经历(v.)________
8．假定，假设(v.)________→设想，假定(n.)__________
9．耐心(n.)________→耐心的(adj.)________
10．高级的，先进的(adj.)__________→前进；进展(n.)________
11．爆炸(v.)________witness assume assumption patience patient advanced advance burst
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．set foot________踏上
2．take________起飞
3．________far迄今为止
4．slow________放慢速度
5．(be)aware________意识到
on
off
so
down
of
6．________risks冒险
7．make________成功，做成
8．________shock处于震惊中
9．________spite of不管
10．________the very beginning of在……开始的时候take
it
in
in
at Ⅲ.语篇感知
Read the passage carefully and fill in the blanks.
Neil Armstrong first 1.________foot on the Moon back on 21st July,1969，which was one small step for man，but one giant 2.__________for mankind.People have become 3.________to the idea of space travel.Millions of people watched that first moon 4.________on television，their hearts in their mouths, 5.________of how difficult and dangerous an adventure it was，and what 6.________had to be taken.Later，people were no longer 7.________about a space travel programme because its high cost.The first shuttle flight into space was the Columbia—launched from“the Kennedy Space Centre on 12th April,1981，which was the start of a new age of space travel.In 1986，the Challenger carrying the first 8.________，Christa，who hoped to 9.________a sense of excitement and create new interest in the space programme,10.________just over one minute after taking off in Florida and all seven astronauts were killed.
That space disaster makes us feel that we are neither Russians nor Americans.We are just human beings who have the same feelings.
答案：1.set 2.leap 3.accustomed 4.landing 5.aware 6.risks 7.enthusiastic 8.civilian 9.communicate 10.exploded
1．leap n．[C]/v.飞跃，跳跃
①He got over the stream with a single leap.
他一跃就跳过了小溪。
②The production is increasing by leaps and bounds.
生产正在极其迅速地增长。
知识拓展
by/in leaps and bounds极其迅速地
make leaps跳几下
leap to one's feet突然站起
Look before you leap.(谚)三思而行。
图解记忆
leap/jump，bounce，hop
即学即用
翻译句子
一头鹿跳过了围栏。
_________________________________________________
答案：A deer leapt over the fence.
2．accustomed adj. 经常的；惯常的
She spoke with her accustomed modesty.
她以她惯有的谦虚态度讲了话。
知识拓展
常用词组：
(1)be(get，become，grow)accustomed to...“习惯于……”，其后接名词、代词、动名词时表示“习惯于某事物”；当其后接不定式时表示“经常，惯常做某事”。
①I'm not accustomed to getting up so early to do morning exercise.
我不习惯于这么早起床进行晨练。
②She belongs to that class of people who are accustomed to having their own way.
她属于经常为所欲为的那一类人。
(2)accustom oneself to 使自己习惯于……；养成……的习惯
You must accustom yourself to getting up early.
你必须使自己习惯于早起。
即学即用
语法填空
Accustomed to________(climb)the steep mountains，he had no difficulty reaching the top.
答案：climbing3．decade n．[C]十年
Prices have risen steadily during the past decade.
在过去十年里，物价一直在上涨。
即学即用
翻译句子
过去20年来，先进的医疗技术已经能让人们更长寿。
_________________________________________________
答案：In the last two decades，advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer.
4．witness
(1)v.当场看到，目击
①Police have appealed for anyone who witnessed the incident to contact them.
警察恳求目击证人与他们联系。
②I witnessed the traffic accident.
我目睹了那起交通事故。
(2)n.目击者；证人
be witness to sth.目击，看见了(某事发生)
bear/give witness to sth.为某事作证
①He has been witness to a terrible murder.
他目击了一场可怕的杀人案。
②She will bear witness to his honesty.
她将为他的诚实作证。
注意：除了可以用人作主语外，witness还可以用时间或地点作主语，有种拟人的味道，意思为“是……发生的时间或地点；见证”，有此用法的动词还有see。
Recent years have witnessed the great changes of our society.
近几年见证了我们社会的巨大变化。
即学即用
完成句子
事故的一名目击者说司机似乎喝醉了。
________________________the accident said the driver appeared to be drunk.
答案：One witness to
5．assume v. 假定、假设，认为
①I assume that you have heard the news.
我想你已听到了这个消息。
②Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.
咱们暂时假设计划成功。
注意
assuming(that)．..相当于连词if或supposing(that)．..意为“如果，假如”。
Farmers will have a good harvest，assuming(that)the weather is favorable.
假如风调雨顺，今年农民将获丰收。知识拓展
(1)assumed adj. 假装的；假定的，设想的
assumed name 化名
(2)assumption n. 设想，假定；承担
make an assumption 假定
①I would go somewhere else to live，under an assumed name.
我将隐姓埋名到别处去过日子。
②A lot of people make the assumption that poverty only exists in the Third World.
许多人认为贫困仅仅存在于第三世界。
即学即用
用所给词的正确形式填空
(1)It was________(assume)that the style came from the artist's Italian background.
(2)The facts proved her________(assume)wrong.
答案：(1)assumed (2)assumption
6．patience n. 耐心，忍耐
①Have patience；the bus will come soon.
耐心点，公交车马上就来。
②I warn you I'm beginning to lose(my)patience(with you)．
我警告你，我(对你)已经渐渐失去耐性了。
知识拓展
be out of patience with....对……忍无可忍
have no patience with 对……不能容忍；对……没有耐性
with patience 耐心地
①I'm out of patience with his rude words.
我对他粗鲁的话忍无可忍。
②She has no patience with little children.
她对小孩没有耐性。
③Our teacher always explains the problems to us with patience.
我们老师总是耐心地给我们解释问题。
即学即用
完成句子
老师们很快对汤姆的幼稚行为失去了耐心。
Teachers soon________________________with Tom's childish behavior.
答案：lost their patience
7．advanced adj. 高级的，先进的
At the moment electronic noses are not as advanced as the dog's，and they are about 15 years behind.
现在电子鼻不如狗鼻子先进，它们大约落后15年。知识拓展
advance n. 前进，提前，预付
v. 前进，提前，预付，提出(建议、看法、理论等)
adj.前面的，预先的
make an advance 取得进展
in advance 提前；预先
advance on/upon sb.向某人走去
①The allied troops are advancing on the camp of the enemy.
盟军正在向敌军营地挺进。
②You must pay for the book in advance.
你必须预先付书钱。
即学即用
完成句子
(1)A lot of________(先进的)technology was shown in the Expo for the first time.
(2)Everyone needs an emergency plan in place________ (在……前面)a disaster.
答案：(1)advanced (2)in advance of
8．burst vi. 爆炸，破裂
If you blow that balloon up any more it will burst.
如果你再吹那气球，它就要破了。
知识拓展
burst into 突然开始，闯入
burst out 突然发生
注意
burst into和burst out 都表示“突然……”之意时，它们后面所跟的宾语结构不同，burst into后跟名词作宾语，而burst out后跟动词-ing 形式作宾语。
①Every time she thought about him, she burst out crying.＝Every time she thought about him，she burst into tears.
每当想起他，她就会突然大哭起来。
②The police burst into the room.
警察突然闯进了房间。
辨析
burst，explode和erupt的区别
三者都含有“爆炸”之意，但是有区别。
①Water pipes often burst in cold weather.
水管在寒冷的天气里经常被冻裂。
②The terrorists exploded a bomb in a store.
恐怖分子在一家商店引爆了一枚炸弹。
③Since the volcano last erupted，many houses have been built in a dangerous position on its slopes.
自从上一次火山喷发以来，很多房屋建在了斜坡上危险的位置上。
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语法填空
As soon as he opened the mouth，everyone burst out __________ (laugh)．
答案：laughing1．take off起飞；脱下；取下
①The plane took off 5 minutes ago.
飞机5分钟前起飞了。
②You'd better take off your shoes.
你最好脱掉鞋子。知识拓展
take构成的常用词组：
(1)take away 拿走
(2)take down 拿下；记下
(3)take medicine 药
(4)take up 从事(职业)；开始学习；占去(时间/空间)
After he retired from work，my father took up gardening.
我父亲退休后开始从事园艺。
(5)take on呈现；雇佣；承担(工作、责任等)
(6)take place 发生
(7)take one's place＝take the place of 代替
(8)take care of 照顾；照管
(9)take a train/bus乘火车/公共汽车
(10)take for认为；误以为
He took John for Jack.
他把约翰误认为杰克。
(11)take out拿出；取出
(12)take sth.for granted 认为某事理所当然
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完成句子
你进来之前能否把鞋脱掉？
Could you________________________________before you come in.
答案：take off your shoes
2．so far到目前为止
①So far I haven't had any success.However，I'll keep trying.
到目前为止我还没取得过任何成功。不过，我会继续努力的。
②So far we have not had to borrow any money.
到目前为止，我们还不必借钱。
知识拓展
by far……得多；最(常修饰比较级或最高级)
So far it has been by far the tallest building in the city.
到目前为止，它是这个城市里最高的建筑物。
注意：so far一般与现在完成时连用。
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语法填空
So far this year we________(see)a fall in house price by between 5 and 10 percent.
答案：have seen
3．set up 开办；建立；设立
They set up many branches throughout the country.
他们在全国建立了许多分公司。
知识拓展
set about(doing sth.)着手(做某事)
set aside 留出；不顾
set off 动身；出发；使爆炸
set back (把钟等)往回拨；推迟
①He set about helping homeless women and children to place of safety.
他着手把无家可归的妇女和儿童送到安全地区。
②Panic on the stock market set off a wave of selling.
股票市场上人心惶惶，掀起抛售浪潮。
即学即用
用适当的介副词填空。
(1)She tries to set________some money every month.
(2)On receiving the assignment，we set________to work at once.
(3)These scientists are trying to set________a long-term study of up to 10,000 elderly persons.
答案：(1)aside (2)out (3)up4．be/become aware of知道；意识到
①Everybody becomes aware of the importance of the skill.
每个人都意识到了这项技术的重要性。
②Most smokers are perfectly aware of the danger of smoking.
大多数吸烟者完全知道吸烟的危害。
知识拓展
be/become aware that...意识到……
aware adj.知道的，明白的，意识到的
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他清楚地意识到父母的婚配无可挽救。
He must have________________________his parents' marriage was breaking up.
答案：been aware that
5．take risks(a risk)冒危险＝run risks(a risk)
She doesn't like to take risks.
她不喜欢冒风险。
知识拓展
1)run/take the risk of doing 冒……的危险
I don't want to run/take the risk of losing my friend.
我不想冒失去朋友的危险。
2)risk vt.risk＋名词/doing冒着……的危险
I will risk the punishment/being punished.
我明知会受处罚也要做。
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完成句子
如果你不带雨衣出去，你就要冒淋湿的风险，因为可能下雨。
If you go out without a rain coat，you will risk ________ ________，because it may rain.
答案：getting wet
6．make it
(1)成功，做到
①Work hard，and you'll make it.
努力干，你会成功的。
②—Where is Li Lei?
李磊呢？
—He can't make it today.He has to stay at home.
他今天来不成了，他得待在家里。
(2)表示走完一段路程，或及时赶到。
①He is too tired to make it to his house.
他太累了，走不到家了。
②The train leaves at 6∶30，so we'll make it.
火车6点半开，因此我们能及时赶到。
(3)表示约定时间或估计
①I make it 30 people in the room.
我估计房间里有30个人。
②Let's make it half past time.
让我们把时间定在9点半吧。
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这次考试很难。你确定能通过吗？
It's a very difficult examination.Are you sure you can ________________.
答案：make it
7．in spite of不管；尽管
①In spite of the hot weather they still run on the playground.
不管天气多热，他们仍在操场上跑步。
②In spite of all his efforts，he failed in the exam.
尽管他很努力，但是他却没有通过考试。
③My room is very comfortable in spite of the fact that it is small.
尽管我的房子小，但它很舒服。
注意：in spite of是介词，不能直接跟从句；后接从句时，需用the fact that引导。辨析
in spite of, though
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选词填空
in spite of/though
(1)________his advanced age，he is learning to drive.
(2)I don't know him well________I've know him for a long time.
答案：(1)In spite of (2)though
8．at the very beginning of 在……一开始的时候
①They made a plan for English study at the very beginning of this term.
本学期一开始他们就制定了一项英语学习计划。
②The writer made this very clear at the very beginning of the article.
作者在文章一开始就把这一点讲得很清楚了。
知识拓展
in the beginning 起初，首先
at the start of 在……开始前
in the end 最后，终于
at the end of 在……结尾
from beginning to end 自始至终
to begin with 首先；第一
The story was interesting from beginning to end.
这个故事从头到尾都很有趣。即学即用
完成句子
(1)学期刚一开始，他们就选他当了班长。
They elected him monitor__________________________ ______________the term.
(2)首先，让我们回顾一下上节课学的内容。
________________________，let's review what we learned last class.
答案：(1)at the very beginning of (2)To begin with1．Millions of people watched that first moon landing on television，their hearts in their mouths，aware of how difficult and dangerous an adventure it was，and what risks had to be taken.
数以百万计的人们从电视上观看了首次登月，他们的心提到了嗓子眼，因为他们十分清楚这次是多么艰难多么危险，以及要冒多么大的风险。
(1)句中含有一个独立主格结构：their hearts in their mouths作伴随状语。分词的独立主格结构是由“名词或主格代词＋分词、形容词、副词或介词短语等”构成的，在句中多用作状语。
①Weather permitting，we'll go and play golf this afternoon.
天气许可的话，我们下午去打高尔夫。
②He sat there，his arms crossed in front of his chest.
他坐在那里，双臂交叉在胸前。
③He entered the room，his nose red with cold.
他走进屋来，鼻子冻得红红的。
④Dinner over，we decided to play bridge.
吃过饭后，我们决定打桥牌。
⑤Half an hour later Delia came，her right hand in a bandage.
半小时后，迪莉娅回来了，她右手缠着绷带。(2)本句中，aware of how difficult...and what risks...是形容词短语作状语表原因。
其中“how”和“what”引导的从句作介词“of”的宾语，构成宾语从句。
形容词短语作状语是英语中较常见的语法现象，一般作原因或伴随状语。如：
①He looked back now and then，afraid of being followed.
由于担心被跟踪，他不时地回头看。
②He arrived home，hungry and tired.
他又饿又累地回到家中。高考直击
语法填空
(2014· 江苏改编)The lecture ________(give), a lively question－and－answer session followed.
答案：having been given 本题考查独立主格结构。根据后半句“热闹的问答环节紧随其后”可知，前半句说的是“一场讲座结束了”。两件事情先后发生，并且有明确的先后关系，先发生的一般用现在分词的完成式做状语，又因为是被动，所以应该是having been given。
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语法填空
The children went home from the grammar school，their lessons ________(finish)for the day.
答案：finished
2．By the time the Challenger took off in 1986，the world seemed to have lost its fear and wonder at the amazing achievement of people going up into space.
到1986年“挑战者”号起飞之前，人们似乎已经沉醉于人类走进太空这一巨大成就而忘记了恐惧，也失去了好奇。
本句中的to have lost是动词不定式的完成时。只有当动词不定式发生在谓语动词之前的时候，才用这个形式。
①He was happy to have got a chance to go on holiday.
他得到了度假的机会真是高兴。
②They are said to have ordered more grain from Canada.
据说他们从加拿大又订购了更多粮食。知识拓展
seem to have done 似乎已做
seem to be doing 似乎正在做
seem to do 似乎要做
①She seems to have won the first place.
她好像得了第一名。
②They seem to be talking about something.
他们好像在谈论什么。
③I seem to know him.
我好像认识他。
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完成句子
汤姆的声音好像是正从很远的地方传来。
Tom's voice seem________________________from very faraway.
答案：to be coming
3．The world was in shock—maybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane.
全世界都震惊了——也许他们原本都认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没什么危险。
(1)in shock“感到震惊”，也可以指“休克”。
She was still in shock after the accident.
事故发生后，她仍处于休克状态。
(2)no more dangerous than 和……一样没什么危险
“no＋比较级＋than”表示“一种事物和另一事物一样不……”。
Cars were first used at the end of the nineteenth century，and were no faster than a horse.
汽车是在十九世纪末开始使用，(当时)并不比马跑得快。
辨析
“not＋比较级＋than”表示“一种事物不如另一事物……”
His English is not better than mine.
他的英语不如我的好。
His English is no better than mine.
他的英语跟我的一样差。
即学即用
完成句子
(1)汤姆没有杰克勤奋。
Tom is________more diligent than Jack.
(2)汤姆和杰克一样不勤奋。
Tom is________more diligent than Jack.
答案：(1)not (2)noⅠ.选词填空
set foot on，(be)aware of，make it，in spite of，at the very beginning of
1．__________________the heavy rain，they were still working in the field.
2．No man has ever__________________that rocky island；it is impossible to land there.
3．Their sudden attack made us more__________________ the danger around us.
4．__________________this spring we'll go travelling.
5．Work hard，and you'll__________________eventually.
答案：1.In spite of 2.set foot on 3.aware of 4.At the very beginning of 5.make itⅡ.句型转换
1．It seemed that he was eating something when I went in.
→He seemed__________________something when I went in.
2．The person who leaves the room last should turn off the lights.
→The last person________________the room should turn off the lights.
3．If weather permits，the party will be held in the garden.
→________________，the party will be held in the garden.
答案：1.to be eating 2.to leave 3.Weather permitting
Ⅲ.单项填空
1．There________nothing else to do，they went away.
A．had B．was
C．being D．having
答案：C 考查独立主格结构。句意：由于无事可做，他们离开了。句子前半部分作状语，表示原因，且没有连词，故可判断为独立主格结构。因nothing与be有逻辑上的主谓关系，故be动词采用-ing形式。
2．In the past，I was________to teaching math in the traditional way.
A．accused B．accustomed
C．familiar D．fond
答案：B 考查形容词辨析。句意：过去，我习惯于用传统方法来教授数学。be accustomed to“习惯于”，符合句意。be accused of“被指控”；be familiar with“熟悉，精通”；be fond of“爱好，喜欢”。
3．Garamendi was invited to________the signing of the peace agreement that ended the two-year war.
A．witness B．prove
C．approve D．agree
答案：A 考查动词辨析。句意：加拉门迪被邀请去见证结束两年战争的和平协议的签署。witness“见证，目击”，符合句意。prove“证明”；approve“同意，赞成”；agree“同意”。
4．As many as a million people travelled to the state of Florida to watch the Apollo mission________.
A．put off B．take off
C．set off D．get away
答案：B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：有多达一百万的人到佛罗里达州去观看阿波罗号起飞。take off“起飞”；符合题意。put off“推迟”；set off“启程”；get away“走开”。
5．You should ________ him to be innocent until he is proved guilty.
A．pretend B．believe
C．assume D．think
答案：C 考查动词词义辨析和句意理解。句意：在未证实他有罪之前，你应该假定他是清白的。assume“假定，假想，认为”强调“一种没有证据的认为”，符合题意。pretend“假装”不合题意，且不用于“v.＋sb.to be”结构；believe/think sb.to be“认为某人……”侧重于“认为某种情况是事实”，不合题意。
6．My room is very comfortable________the fact that it is very small.
A．because of B．although
C．in spite of D．as
答案：C 句意：尽管我的房间很小，但是很舒服。根据句意，可排除A项。although与as都是连词，可排除B、D两项。in spite of为介词短语，后面跟名词或动词-ing形式。
7．After reading a joke，Tom________laughter.
A．burst out B．burst in
C．burst on D．burst into
答案：D 考查动词短语的辨析。burst out意为“突然……”后跟动名词作宾语，而burst into后跟名词作宾语，burst in意为“破门而入”，burston意为“突然来到”不符合句意，根据句意选D项。句意为：读了那个笑话后，汤姆突然大笑了起来。
8．Mr.Guo played the piano as well as，if________，Miss Liu.
A．not better than B．not better
C．no better than D．no better
答案：A not better than 意为“不超过”；no better than 意为“两者都不……”。由情景可判断出句意：如果郭先生弹钢琴不比刘小姐好，那也和刘小姐一样好。Module 5 第二课时
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．This young man was a________to be the best basketball player in the team.
2．They f________that their journey would be delayed by bad weather.
3．The woman a________the man of stealing her money.
4．His teachings were so a________that many of us couldn't understand them.
5．You'll get a better v________of the city if you stand on the top of the building.
6．It was a great________(宽慰)to find my parents safe and sound.
7．Friendship is to be strengthened by truth and________(忠诚)．
8．Some naughty students________(故意地)make some noise in class which stops our teacher's speaking.
9．A________(稳定的)government is essential to economic growth.
10．If your memory problems do not improve，________(咨询)your doctor.
答案：1.acknowledged 2.foresaw 3.accused 4.abstract 5.view 6.relief 7.devotion 8.deliberately 9.stable 10.consult
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．Eating too much often________sickness.
2．His teaching style________most of the other teachers' in our school.
3．There is nobody here________me.
4．He has read________articles about UFO.
答案：1.results in 2.is similar to 3.other than
4．a series of
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
Blue planets Space is not black，but light green，a team of astronomers announced on January 10.They studied the light sent out by 200 000 galaxies.What they found was that the average colour of the universe is a bit greener than turquoise(绿宝石)．
The discovery was part of an attempt to test theories about how stars and galaxies form.Most astronomers believe that the universe probably started with a“blue period”when young blue stars filled space.Now the universe is in a“green period”．They believe it will finally enter a“red period”when the older，redder stars appear.
“The reason for the colour changing is that the rate of stars forming is changing，”said Ivan Baldry，an astronomer who worked to find the average colour of light in the universe.
Research presented by NASA scientists shows that the highest point of star-forming may have occurred earlier than previously(以前)believed.It was probably very soon after the“Big Bang(宇宙大爆炸)”that many scientists believe gave birth to the universe.
There is no way any human could actually see the green colour.“The only way to see it is if you saw all the universe from the same distance away and it was not moving，”Baldry said.Baldry and his co-worker，Karl Glazebrook，have both joked about possible marketing(营销)opportunities for the new colour.
Perhaps colour-of-the-universe T-shirts or coffee cups could become popular.But Baldry allowed，“I don't know if you can patent(专利)a colour，that's not our business.We haven't actually been to a paint shop yet to see if they have a name for this.”
1．The astronomers discovered the colour of the universe________.
A．when they were researching on the age of the universe
B．when they attempted to test theories about the forming of stars and galaxies
C．to prove that the universe is continuously changing
D．and showed that the stars and galaxies may have formed earlier than previously believed
答案：B 第二段第一句“The discovery was part of an attempt to test theories about how stars and galaxies form.”说明了discovery是在理论检测过程当中作出的。
2．According to the astronomers，________.
A．the universe is changing its colour all the time
B．all the heavenly bodies are green at present
C．the universe has changed its colour several times
D．the universe will finally turn red
答案：D 第二段最后一句“They believe it will finally enter a‘red period' when the older，redder stars appear.”为该选项提供了依据。从第二段可看出宇宙的颜色由蓝到绿，最终将变而还会变红，所以C选项中的已经变了几次不符合事实。而all the heavenly bodies远远大于文中的stars这一范围。A选项中的all the time表示的频率过高。
3．We can infer that the most popular colour of T-shirts would be________.
A．red B．blue
C．green D．light green
答案：D 综合第一段第三句“What they found was that the average colour of the universe is a bit greener than turquoise(绿宝石)”和最后一段第一句“Perhaps colour-of-the-universe T-shirts or coffee cups could become popular.”可看出答案。
4．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A．No human can see the real colour of the universe.
B．The theory of“Big Bang”is widely received by scientists.
C．The rate of stars forming is causing the change of the universe's colour.
D．Humans can receive light from at least 200,000 galaxies.
答案：A D选项来自于第一段第二句；C选项来自第三段第一句；B选项来自第四段最后一句。A选项与第六段有很大的差异。
B
US researchers have found traces of an ancient lake on Mars recently，increasing hopes of discovering evidence that billions of years ago the Red planet hosted life.
The lake，which dates back some 3.4 billion years，appears to have covered as much as 80 square miles and was up to 1,500 feet deep，said the team from the University of Colorado.
“This is the first clear evidence of shorelines on the surface of Mars，”said Boulder' s research associate，Gaetano Di Achille，in a study published in the latest edition of Geophysical Rese arch Letters.
“The identification of the shorelines and accompanying geological evidence allows us to calculate the size and volume of the lake，which appears to have formed about 3.4 billion years ago.”
Analysis of the images has shown the water carved out the canyon(溪谷)in which it was found，which then opened out into a valley depositing(使淤积)sediment(沉积)which formed a delta(三角洲)．
“Finding shorelines is a great discovery to us，”said assistant professor Brian Hynek，adding it showed the lake existed at a time when Mars was thought to have been cold and dry.
Scientists believe the oldest surfaces on Mars formed during the wet and warm era known as the Noachan epoch，about 4.1 billion to 3.7 billion years ago.
The newly discovered lake is believed to date from the Hesperian era and postdates the end of the warm and wet period on Mars by 300 million years，according to the study.
Scientists believe deltas next to the lake may well hold secrets about past life on Mars as such places on Earth have become the natural deposits of organic carbon and other markers of life.
5. The size of the lake found on Mars is________.
A．80 square miles B．1,500 square miles
C．3.4 billion square miles D．300 million square miles
答案：A 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The lake，which dates back some 3.4 billion years，appears to have covered as much as 80 square miles”一句，可推知答案。
6. When the lake existed，the weather on Mars was ________.
A．hot and wet B．wet and warm
C．cold and dry D．cold and wet
答案：C 细节理解题。根据第六段中…it showed the lake existed at a time when Mars was thought to have been cold and dry知，答案为C。
7. Why do scientists think deltas near the lake may hold secrets about past life on Mars?
A. Because similar places on Earth have become natural deposits of markers of life.
B．Because someone has put secrets about past life on Mars there.
C．Because past life has been found in other deltas on Mars.
D．Because some people are said to have already seen life marks there.
答案：A 细节理解题。由原文最后一句可直接找到答案。
8. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A．The Noachan epoch was a wet and warm era.
B．The lake might have existed 3 .4 billion years.
C．The discovery can' t fully prove that the Mars once hosted life.
D．The lake traces prove that there exists life on Mars now.
答案：D 推理判断题。由第一段内容可知火星上湖岸线的发现只是增加了人们发现亿万年前火星上曾经存在生命证据的可能性，但并不能推出火星上现在有生命。
Ⅳ.短文填空
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
For someone who is such a successful investor，Warren Buffett comes off as a pretty ordinary guy.He was born on August 30,1930.__1__He used to go from door to door and sell soda water.When his family moved to Washington，Buffett became a paperboy for The Washington Post.Buffett ran his five paper routes and even added magazines to round out his product offerings.While still in school，he was making $ 175 a month，a fulltime wages for many men.
__2__He spent $1,200 on 40 acres of farmland in Nebraska.He and a friend also made $ 50 a week by placing pinball machines in barber shops.They called their venture(企业)Wilson Coin Operated Machine Co.
Already a successful small-time businessman，Buffett wasn't interested in going to college but ended up at the University of Pennsylvania—his father encouraged him to go.__3__But he was turned down in what had to be one of the worst admission decisions in Harvard history.The outcome affected Buffett's life，for he ended up attending Columbia Business School，where he studied under Professor Benjamin Graham，the father of securities analysis who provided the foundation (基础)for Buffett' s investment strategy.
From the beginning，Buffett made his fortune from investing.He started with all the money he had made from selling soda water，delivering papers，and operating pinball machines. Between 1950 and 1956，he grew his $ 9,800 to $14,000.__4__And then he gradually drew in other investors through word of mouth and very attractive terms.
__5__He doesn't collect houses or cars or works of art，and he disdains(鄙视)companies that waste money on expensive cars，private dining rooms，and high-priced real villas.He is a creature of habit—same house，same office，same city，same soda water.
A．Then Buffett applied to Harvard Business School.
B．Buffett is more likely to be found in a four-star restaurant.
C．When he was 14，Buffett still kept great interest in investment.
D．Even as a young child，Buffett was serious about making money.
E．One thing is for sure about Buffett：he is happy to do what he is doing.
F．Buffett's investment strategy mirrors his lifestyle and his overall philosophy.
G．From there，he organized investment partnerships with his family and friends.
答案：1～5.DCAGF
Ⅴ.书面表达
高中学习任务非常繁重，因此同学们对于参加学校活动有着不同的看法，请以Taking Part in School Activities为题，根据下表提示，并结合自己的见闻，用英语写一篇120词左右的短文。
现象与看法
观点与理由
许多同学对参加
学校活动很感兴趣
1.从课本上学习并不是唯一的任务，应该争取每个机会来获得实践知识；
2．长时间学习之后，可以通过参加学校活动来放松自己。
不少同学不愿
参加学校活动
1.应该充分利用时间来学习；
2．学校活动与他们未来的发展没有关系。
我 的 看 法
……
Taking Part in School Activities
Many students are very interested in school activities；they have their reasons.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Taking Part in School Activities
Many students are very interested in school activities；they have their reasons. Firstly，they think that learning from textbooks is not their only task.They believe that they should take every chance to get some practical knowledge.Secondly，they think that after long hours of study，they can relax themselves by taking part in school activities.
However，a large group of students take little interest in them and spend most of their time on studies.First，they believe that they should make full use of time to study.Second，they feel that school activities have little to do with their further development.
In my opinion，I prefer the first view.On the one hand，we can learn a great deal from other students we meet in activities.Besides，the modern society requires of young students many qualities，so only learning from textbooks is not enough.
课件114张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 · 选修8 The Conquest of the UniverseModule 51.1.1 集合的概念第二课时 Grammar & Everyday English & Reading Practice 1.1.1 集合的概念Module 5Ⅰ.重点单词
1．依靠；取决于(v.)________
→依赖(adj.)________
→依赖，依靠(n.)________
2．看，观察(v.)________
→电视观众(n.)________
3．承认；认为(v.)____________
4．任意的；随机的(adj.)________
5．向后地；倒退地(adv.)___________ depend
dependent
dependence
view
viewer
acknowledge
random
backwards 6．行为(n.)________
7．紧张关系(n.)________
8．失败(n.)________
9．指责(v.)________
10．起誓保证(v.)________
11．替……报仇，报复(v.)________
12．悲伤；悲痛(n.)________
13．安慰；宽慰(n.)________
→安慰；宽慰(v.)________deed
tension
defeat
accuse
swear
avenge
sorrow
relief
relieve
14．光荣；荣誉(n.)________
15．抽象的(adj.)________
16．预知；预见(v.)________
17．丰富的；广泛的(adj.)________
18．同情；同情心(n.)________
19．忠诚；奉献(n.)________
20．尊贵；尊严(n.)________ glory
abstract
foresee
broad
sympathy
commitment
dignity
21．忠诚(n.)________
→致力于(v.)________
→忠诚的(adj.)________
22．祷告；祈祷(v.)________
23．剧烈的；激烈的(adj.)________
24．稳定的；安定的(adj.)________
25．咨询；请教(v.)________devotion
devote
devoted
pray
acute
stable
consult
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．a________of一系列的，一连串的
2．result________导致，引起
3．________one's sorrow令某人悲伤的是
4．________than而不是
5．be consistent________与……一致；符合
6．pray________祈望；祈求
7．be similar________与……相似 series
in
to
rather
with
for
toⅢ.语法感知
观察下列句子，写出黑体部分在句中所作的成分。
①That he will come and help you is certain.( )
②He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. ( )
③Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. ( )
④The fact that we can't travel faster than light means that it will take a long time to reach those planets.( )
⑤The problem is that they can't get here early enough. ( )
⑥She always thinks of how she can work well.( )
⑦It looks as if it's going to rain.( )
⑧The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.( )
答案：①主语 ②宾语 ③主语 ④同位语 ⑤表语 ⑥宾语 ⑦表语 ⑧同位语1．depend vi. 取决于，依赖，依靠
①The price depends on the quality.
价格取决于质量。
②Health depends on good food，fresh air and enough sleeping.
健康依靠的是良好的食物，新鲜的空气和充足的睡眠。
知识拓展
depend on/upon 依靠，依赖
That depends/It all depends.视情况而定。
depend on/upon sb.to do sth.指望某人做某事，可转换为depend on sb.('s)doing sth.
depend on/upon it ＋ than 从句，指望……；相信……
①It all depends(on)how you handle it.
那完全要看你如何处理那件事。
②You can't depend on them to do it.
＝You can't depend on their/them doing it.
你不能指望他们做这件事。
③You may depend on it that they will be there in time.
你不用怀疑，他们会及时到达那里。
即学即用
完成句子
—May I sit in the chair near the window?
—________(那视情况而定)．I don't know whether the hostess allows.
答案：It depends
2．view v. 看；仔细观察；检查；考虑，认为
①I am viewing the picture.
我正在看图。
②Several possible buyers have come to view the house.
已经有好几个想买房子的人来看过这幢房子。
③I view his action as a breach of trust.
我认为他的行为是背信弃义。
知识拓展
(1)view n. 视力，视野，视线；景色，景物；看法，意见，想法，观点
①My view of the stage was blocked by the hat of the woman in front of me.
我前面那个女人的帽子挡住了我的视线，使我看不见舞台。
②In my view，he's a fool.
依我看，他是个傻瓜。
(2)view...as...把……看作……
come into view映入眼帘
in one's view依某人看
in view of鉴于辨析
view，scene，scenery和sight
①You'll get a better view of the city if you stand on the top of the building.
如果你站在建筑物的顶部，就能更清楚地看到城市的全貌。
②They stopped at the top of the hill to admire the scenery.
他们停在山顶上欣赏自然美景。
③The flowers are a lovely sight in spring.
春天百花盛开十分美丽。
即学即用
用view的短语完成下列句子。
(1)他走过街角，看到了那栋房子。
As he walked round the corner，the house________.
(2)依我看，这是浪费时间。
________，it is a waste of time.
(3)鉴于天气的原因，这项活动将在室内举行。
________，the activity will be held indoors.
答案：(1)came into view (2)In my view (3)In view of the weather3．acknowledge
(1)vt. & vi.承认；认为。后面可接名词、代词、动名词、从句或复合结构(acknowledge sb.to be/as)
①He was generally acknowledged to be the finest poet in the country.
他是公认的全国最优秀的诗人。
②His services to the country were never officially acknowledged.
他对国家所作的贡献从未受到正式的表彰。
③We must acknowledge the receipt of his letter.
我们必须承认已收到了他的来信。(2)vt.感谢
The director wishes to acknowledge the help of the police in making of this film.
导演希望对警察在本片拍摄过程中所给予的协助表示感谢。
(3)vt.向……打招呼
①She walked right past me without even acknowledging me.
她就那样迎面走过去，连个招呼也不和我打。
②I was standing right next to her，but she didn't even acknowledge me.
我就站在她旁边，可是她连个招呼都不跟我打。
知识拓展
acknowledge one's defeat 承认失败
acknowledge sb./sth.to be/as being 承认……是
It is universally acknowledged that ……是大家所公认的
acknowledge the applause 谢幕
acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢
in acknowledgement of
承认……；为……表示感谢
辨析
acknowledge，recognize，admit
acknowledge指“公开承认(隐瞒或否认过的事)”。
recognize指“正式承认(主权、权利等)”。
admit指“在外界或自己良心的压力下承认”。
即学即用
完成句子
他不愿意承认失败，但是一点办法也没有。
He won't________________________，but there was nothing to be done.
答案：acknowledge his defeat4．backward(s)adv./adj.向后地/的；倒退地/的
①It is dangerous to walk backward.
倒着走是危险的。
②He made a backward step.
他向后退了一步。
知识拓展
forwards adv.向前方；前进
Life can only be understood backwards，but it must be lived forwards.
只有向后看才能理解生活；但要生活好，则必须向前看。
注意：后缀-ward(s)表示“朝……方向”，常构成形容词或副词。后接-ward(s)时通常构成副词的有：
upwards向上地 downwards向下地
forwards向前地 backwards向后地
leftwards向左地 rightwards向右地
eastwards向东地 westwards向西地
northwards向北地 southwards向南地
inward向里地 outward向外地
即学即用
翻译句子
在这条路上退着走很危险。
_________________________________________________
答案：It is very dangerous to walk backwards on this road.5．defeat n．[C，U]失败 v．击败
①She was a woman who hated to admit defeat.
她是个不愿认输的女人。
②Know the enemy and know yourself，and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.
知己知彼，百战不殆。
③After eight years of fighting，the Chinese people finally defeated the Japanese armies.
经过八年抗战，中国人民最终打败了日本军队。辨析
defeat/beat，win
Yesterday I defeated/beat John at chess.He won only one set，while I won two sets.
昨天我和约翰下棋赢了他。他只赢了一盘，而我赢了两盘。
即学即用
完成句子
我们的球队以13分的优势击败了他们的球队。
Our team________________________________13 points.
答案：defeated their team by
6．accuse vt. 控告，谴责
accuse sb.of...指控某人……
They accused him of taking bribes.
他们控告他受贿。
辨析
accuse与charge
二者意义和搭配不同：accuse有时可以指“当面指控或指责，不一定诉诸法庭”。常用的固定搭配是accuse sb.of...
charge常指“因犯较大错误或罪行而进行正式法律控诉”。常用的固定搭配是charge sb.with...“指控某人……”。
①She accused her boss of having broken his word.
她指责她老板不守诺言
②The police charged him with car theft.
警方以偷车罪指控他。
即学即用
完成句子
(1)她指控他偷她的项链。
She accused him________stealing her necklace.
(2)警察要控告他杀人。
The police are going to charge him________murder.
答案：(1)of (2)with7．latter n．[the～](刚提及的两个人或物之中的)后一个，第二个
①Ken and Mary came，the latter wearing a red dress.
凯恩和玛丽来了，后者(玛丽)穿着红色的衣服。
②They keep horses and cattle，the former for riding，the latter for food.
他们养马和牛，前者供乘骑，后者供食用。
知识拓展
the former...，the latter...前者……，后者……
latter adj.(两者之中)后者的辨析
latter，late，latest，lately
①The party is planned for the latter half of November.
聚会计划在11月下半月举行。
②My sister is never late for school.
我姐姐上学从不迟到。
③Have you heard the latest news?
你得到最新消息了吗？
④What have you been doing lately?
你最近在干什么？
即学即用
完成句子
过来两辆汽车，前面那辆车很拥挤，后面那辆却很空。
There come two buses，________________is very crowded，but________________remains much room.
答案：the former；the latter
8．relief n．[sing.，U]安慰；宽慰；减轻
①It was a relief to be able to talk to someone about it.
能和别人谈谈这件事，感到舒心多了。
②No one was hurt，and we all breathed a sigh of relief.
没有人受伤，我们都松了一口气。
③In relief he breathed a sigh.
他如释重负地叹了一口气。
知识拓展
in relief如释重负；松了口气
to one's relief令人感到欣慰的是
what a relief(口语)谢天谢地
①I smiled in relief after I heard I had passed the examination.
听到我已经通过了考试，我轻松地笑了。
②To her relief，her brother recovered quickly.
让她欣慰的是，她弟弟恢复得很快。
③What a relief！I found my lost book.
谢天谢地！我找到丢失的书了。
(2)relieve v．舒缓，缓和(令人不快的感觉或情境)
Drugs helped to relieve the pain.
药物帮助舒缓疼痛。
即学即用
完成句子
使我感到欣慰的是，困难全都克服了。
____________________，the difficulties were all overcome.
答案：To my relief
9．aid n．援助；救护；辅助器具；有帮助的事物
①She came to my aid.
她来帮助我。
②Dictionaries are a great aid in learning language.
字典对于学习语言有很大的帮助。
知识拓展
1)aid v. 帮助；援助
I aided him in his enterprise.
我帮助他做这一事业。
2)常用词组：
①aid sb.in/with(doing)sth.帮助某人做某事
②in aid of 支持；为……筹措
③first aid 急救
即学即用
完成句子
谢谢你帮我完成工作。
Thank you for____________________________.
答案：aiding me with the work
10．faith n．[U]宗教信仰；信任，相信
①I have great faith in you—I know you'll do well.
我对你有信心——我知道你会干好的。
②Teachers developed faith in Tom gradually.
老师们渐渐对汤姆有了信心。
③Faith can move mountains.
精诚所至，金石为开。
即学即用
语法填空
Older people，especially those in rural areas，stick________ (faith)with their tea-drinking traditions.
答案：faithfully
11．consult v．商量，商议；请教，参考；考虑
①He consults for a large building firm.
他为一家大型建筑公司做咨询工作。
②He always consults the interests of the masses.
他总是考虑群众的利益。
知识拓展
(1)consult with sb.与某人交换意见；商议
consult sb.about sth.就某事向某人咨询
(2)consultation n．[C，U]商量，磋商
consultant n．[C]顾问
特别提示
consult指查阅(词典等)；look up指(在词典等中)查阅(单词等)。
He consulted his dictionary to look up the meaning of the word“apotheosis”．
他在字典中查看“apotheosis”这个单词的词义。
辨析
consult，consult with即学即用
完成句子
(1)我需要和我的律师商议一下。
I need to________________________________.
(2)越来越多的人向我咨询有关税法的问题。
An increasing number of people are__________ ________________the tax laws.
答案：(1)consult with my lawyer (2)consulting me about1．a series of一系列的；一连串的
①There's been a series of accidents on the road recently.
近来在这一路段发生了一连串事故。
②I'll have to take a series of tests.
我将接受一系列的测验。
注意：series的单复数形式相同，“series of＋n.”作主语时，谓语动词的数应与series的具体意义一致。有类似用法的单词还有pair，couple等。
①A series of films about him has come out.
关于他的一系列电影已经问世了。
②Three series of papers were handed out to the students.
给学生们发了三套试题。
即学即用
完成句子
他在他的笔记本上记下了一系列英语单词的发音。
He set down________________________pronunciations of English words on his notebook.
答案：a series of
2．result in 引起，导致；结果是
The accident resulted in the death of two people.
这场意外事故造成两人死亡。
知识拓展
result from 由……造成(前面是事件的结果，后面是这个事件的诱因)
as a result 因此
as a result of 由于；作为……的结果
①Success results from hard work.
成功来自于努力工作。
②He refused to have medical treatment in the early stages of his illness，and as a result he became seriously ill.
他在得病初期拒绝接受治疗，结果病情严重恶化。
③As a result of the pilots' strike，all flights have had to be cancelled.
由于飞行员罢工，所有的航班不得不被取消。
即学即用
单句改错
Improved farming technology has resulted from larger harvests.
_________________________________________________
答案：from改为in3．rather than而不是
①I think I'll have a cold drink rather than coffee.
我想喝冷饮，不想喝咖啡。
②Rather than get rich in such a way，I would beg in the street.
我宁可在街上乞讨，也不愿以那种方式致富。
③I would rather walk than take a bus.
我宁愿走路而不愿意乘公共汽车。
注意：rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
知识拓展
other than除……之外
more than多于；不仅仅是
more...than...与其说是……倒不如说是……
less than...不像……那样；不到
即学即用
完成句子
除了日本以外，他去过亚洲的每一个国家。
He has visited every country in Asia________________Japan.
答案：other than
4．pray for 期盼；祈求
We are praying for good weather on Saturday.
我们期盼着在星期六会有一个好天气。
知识拓展
pray还可构成以下短语：
(1)pray to sb.for sth.向某人祈求某事
I will pray to God for your safety.
我将祈求上帝保佑你的安全。
(2)pray sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事
I pray you to think again，because it is very important.
我请你再三考虑，因为它很重要。
(3)在pray tell me the time中pray是please的意思，句意为“请问现在几点了”。
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翻译句子
我们祈求上帝结束伊拉克人民的苦难。
_________________________________________________
答案：We prayed to God for an end to sufferings of Iraqis.
5．be similar to与……相似的
①Your views on education are similar to mine.
你对教育的观点和我的相似。
②Gold is similar in colour to brass.
金和黄铜颜色相似。
③My teaching style is similar to that of most others.
我的教学风格和大多数教师相似。
知识拓展
be similar in sth.在……方面相似
similarly adv. 相似地，类似地
①Gold is similar in color to brass.
金和铜颜色相仿。
②My brother was similarly threatened.
我兄弟也遭到同样的威胁。
即学即用
语法填空
Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise.________ (similar)，our minds are developed by learning.
答案：Similarly1．……and Saturn's biggest moon，Titan，which is believed to be the only body in the solar system other than the Earth with liquid on the surface.
……还有土星最大的卫星，土卫六，人们都认为那是太阳系中除了地球以外唯一表面有液体的星体。
sb./sth.be believed to...“人们相信”“据相信”，相当于“It is believed that...”或“People believe that...”。
He is believed to be the first person to go to the Moon by spaceship.
据相信他是第一个乘坐宇宙飞船到达月球的人。
注意
如果不定式表达的动作发生在believe之前，不定式用完成式。
She is believed to have invented the useful tool.
据相信她发明了这种有用的工具。
知识拓展
sb.(sth.)be said to.../It is said that...据说
sb.(sth.)be reported to.../It is reported that...据报道
sb.(sth.)be hoped to.../It is hoped that...据希望
sb.(sth.)be thought to.../It is thought that...据认为即学即用
同义句转换
(1)It is believed that the story is true.
→The story is believed________________________.
(2)It is reported that many people have been cheated by a woman.
→Many people is reported___________cheated by a woman.
(3)He is said to have written three books.
→It is said that he________________three books.
答案：(1)to be true (2)to have been (3)has written2．For example，Luke Skywalker is ever told that his commitment ought to be to finish his training rather than rescue his friends.
比如，卢克·斯凯沃克曾被告知他应当完成训练而不是营救朋友。
ought to 情态动词，无时态和人称变化，后接动词不定式；作“应该，应当”解时用于表示义务或责任，也可用于表示可能性，相当于should。
You ought to work harder than before.
你应当比以前更努力地工作。
知识拓展
ought to have been/done 过去本应该做某事(而实际上未做)
You ought to have been there；it was great fun.
你真应该去那儿；太好玩了。
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完成句子
(1)你应该穿件雨衣。
You________to wear a raincoat.
(2)人们不该在红灯时过马路。
One________________to cross the street when the light is red.
答案：(1)ought (2)ought not表解语法助记
名词性从句的主要用法注意：that在同位语从句和定语从句中的区别：
在定语从句中，that作为关系代词，可以充当句子成分，作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。
试比较下面两个例句：
I had no idea that you were here.(that 引导同位语从句，不能省略)
Have you got the idea(that)this book tells you about the life in ancient Greece?
(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略)
高考直击
用合适的关系词填空
(1)(2014·北京改编)The best moment for the football star was ________ he scored the winning goal.
答案：when 本题属于名词性从句中的表语从句。句意：对这位球星来说最好的时刻就是他射门得分的时候。所以用when来表示时间。
(2)(2014·北京改编)Some people believe ________ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
答案： whatever 本句考察的是“特殊疑问词＋ever”引导的主语从句。句意：一些人认为之前发生的或现在正在发生的任何事情在将来都会重复发生。Whatever has happened before or is happening now是一个主语从句，whatever既引导起这个主语从句，也在句中做主语。
(3)(2014·福建改编)Pick yourself up. Courage is doing ________ you're afraid to do.
答案： what 本句是名词性从句中的宾语从句。What在句中充当引导词，同时也是动词do的宾语。句意：站起来！有了勇气，你才可以去做你不敢做的事情。
(4)(2014·湖南改编)As John Lennon once said，life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
答案：what 本题考查的是名词性从句中的表语从句。本题中的what happens to you是一个表语从句，从句中缺少主语和连词。所以使用what引导起这个表语从句，what在句中做主语。句意：正如John Lennon曾经说过：生活就是当你忙于制定其他的计划时，所发生在你身上的事情。
(5)(2014·江苏改编)—What a mess! You are always so lazy!
—I'm not to blame, mum. I am ________ you have made me.
答案：what 本题考查的是名词性从句中的表语从句。表语从句通常都是放在系动词be的后面，说明主语的情况。本句中的what引导起宾语从句，并在宾语从句里放在made me的后面做宾语补足语。句意：——真乱啊！你总说这么懒！——我不应该受到责备。是你让我成为这样的。
(6)(2014·山东改编)It is difficult for us to imagine ________ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.
答案：what 本题考查的是名词性从句。动词imagine后面含有一个宾语从句what life was like for slaves in the ancient world。What引导这个宾语从句，并在宾语从句中作为介词like的宾语。句意：对我们来说很难想象古代的奴隶的生活。
(7)(2014·四川改编)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's ________ I was born.”
答案：where 本句是名词性从句中的表语从句。本句中的关键词是the hospital，表示的是地点，所以用where来引导。句意：奶奶指着那个医院说：那就是我出生的地方。(8)(2014·重庆改编 )—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it; that's one of his favorite universities.
答案：why 本题实际上是一个同位语从句，是对名词idea的内容进行的说明。句意：——Mike拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取，这是真的吗？——是的，我不知道他为什么要这样做。耶鲁大学是他最喜欢的大学之一。短语have no idea后面可以使用多种形式的同位语结构，如have no idea where to go等。根据句意可知使用why表示原因。
即学即用
用合适的连接词填空
1．It is by no means clear________ the president can do to end the strike.
答案：what 本题考查名词性从句。句意：根本不清楚总统能采取什么措施来结束罢工。根据题干内容可知，what引导主语从句并在其中作动词do的宾语，符合语境，
2．Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ________ he could have expressed it differently.
答案：that 本题考查表语从句。 句意：Jerry不后悔所给出的评论，但感觉到本来可以用不同的方式表达。本表语从句中不缺任何成分，句意完整故用that。
3．Evidence has been found through years of study ________ children's early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.
答案：that 考查名词性从句，空格后的同位语从句句意完整，故用that引导。
4．I made a promise to myself ________ this year，my first year in high school，would be different.
答案：that 本题考查同位语从句。句意：我自己许诺，今年，我在高中的第一年，会不同的。本从句是同位语从句，说明promise的内容。且从句中不缺少句子成分，故用连词that引导。
5．Modern science has given clear evidence______smoking can lead to many diseases.
答案：that 本题考查同位语从句的引导词。从句结构完整，并且对evidence的内容起到了补充说明的作用，故应用that引导该从句。句意为：现代科学提供了明确的证据表明吸烟能导致很多疾病。
6．It is still under discussion________the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
答案：whether 本题考查连词的用法。句意：是否用现代化的宾馆代替旧车站的问题仍在讨论中。根据句式结构可知，本题为主语从句。whether...or not是否，符合题意。
7．I'm afraid he's more of a talker than a doer，which is __________ he never finishes anything.
答案：why 本题考查连词的用法。句意：恐怕他说的比做的多。这就是他从来都不完成任何事情的原因。本句为表语从句，且从句中缺少状语，根据句意，用why引导。
8．Our teachers always tell us to believe in________we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
答案：what 本题考查名词性从句。句意：老师总是告诉我们，如果想要成功，要相信自己所做的事情，也要相信自己。What 引导名词性从句，同something that，补充前后主从句所缺失的成分。
9．Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew________she was so angry.
答案：why 考查宾语从句。句意：辛迪重重地关上门，突然大哭起来。办公室里没人知道她为什么那么生气。由句意可知，从句中缺少原因状语。
10．—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
—That's________I don't agree.You should have a more active life.
答案：where 考查名词性从句。根据句意判断应用where，此句是由where引导的表语从句。答语前句句意：那就是我不同意之处。Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空
1．________was said here must be kept secret.
2．________he will come or not doesn't matter to me.
3．I'd like to work with________is honest and easy to get on with.
4．Go and get your coat.It's________you left it.
5．The reason why I liked the film was________it was funny.
6．The report________he was going to resign was false.
7．It is certain________he will do well in the exam.
8．I still couldn't understand________the machine wouldn't work，so I asked him to explain it to me.
9．It's up to you to decide________you'll go there，by air or by train.
10．The children were allowed to do________they liked.
答案：1.What 2.Whether 3.whoever 4.where 5.that 6.that 7.that 8.why 9.how 10.whatever
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．The soldier was________of running away when the enemy attacked.
A．scolded B．charged
C．accused D．punished
答案：C 考查动词辨析。可从介词角度考虑：scold和punish与for连用；charge作“控告”讲时，与with连用，故这三词均被排除，accuse常用搭配为 accuse sb.of(doing)sth.
2．—I'm not quite sure________to get there.
—You'd better________a map.
A．when；consult B．when；instruct
C．how；consult D．how；instruct
答案：C 句意为：——如何到那里，我没有十分把握。——你最好查一下地图。根据对话语境，第一空处表示”如何到达那里”，因此用how表示方式；instruct指示，不符合句意，故选C。
3．Tom ________him in the contest and________the prize.
A．defeated；beat B．defeated；won
C．won；beat D．won；defeated
答案：B win表示“赢得”时，宾语为事或物，但不能是人；defeat表示“打败，战胜”时，宾语只能是人；beat表示“击败”时，宾语只能是人。根据句意及句子结构可知应选B项。
4．The greedy woman prayed________all the jewellery.
A．to get B．of getting
C．from getting D．for getting
答案：A pray to do sth.“祈祷做某事”。句意为：那个贪婪的女人祈祷要得到所有的珠宝。
5．He runs every day.________，he has lost weight and become healthy.
A．As a result of B．As a result
C．Result in D．Result from
答案：B 句意：他每天都练习跑步，因此，他已经减轻了体重，变得健康了。考查动词短语的辨析。as a result of意为“作为……的结果”；as a result意为“因此”；result in意为“导致”，result from意为“由……造成”，根据句意选B项。
6．Something as simple as drinking some cold water may clear your mind and________pressure.
A．reflect B．relieve
C．respond D．recognise
答案：B 句意：像喝凉水这样简单的事情可能会使你头脑清醒并减轻压力。relieve“舒缓，缓和”，符合题意。reflect“反映”；respond“回答”；recognise“认出”。
7．I am sure she will pass the test；I have great________in her.
A．amusement B．determination
C．faith D．will
答案：C 句意：我相信她会通过考试；我对她充满信心。have faith in“对……有信心”，符合题意。amusement“消遣”；determination“决心”；will“意志；决心”。
8．Robert is said________abroad，but I don't know which country he studied in.
A．to have studied B．to study
C．to be studying D．to have been studying
答案：A 句型sb./sth.be said to do...意为“据说……”；不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，故用不定式的完成式。Module 5 第三课时
Ⅰ.选词填空
1．He should be able to read this without the ________of a dictionary.
2．I am lucky to have a ________friend in my life.
3．The book had a great ________on its readers.
4．Several possible buyers have come to________the house.
5．She was ________of lying to the teacher.
6．I believe the house was ________set fire to.
7．He was generally ________to be the best poet in the country.
8．I need to ________with my colleagues about the proposals.
9．It was a great________when I heard I had passed the exam.
10．What you're saying now is not________with what you said last week.
答案：1.aid 2.devoted 3.impact 4.view 5.accused 6.deliberately 7.acknowledged 8.consult 9.relief 10.consistent
Ⅱ.用介词、副词填空
1．These results are consistent________the findings of the previous study.
2．What they said is totally opposed________facts.
3．We ran out________our food.
4．He accused the man________having committed a crime.
5．When the tree fell down，I could feel the house________a shock.
6．Everything in his room was set________a random order.
7．He saved my life________great risk to his own.
8．We're moved by his devotion________his students.
9．Oliver works hard so he is________favour with his boss.
10．I was aware________what he was aiming at.
答案：1.with 2.to 3.of 4.of 5.in 6.in 7.at 8.to 9.in 10.of
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
Once upon a time there was a girl who was beautiful, but lazy and careless. Nowhere can people find a girl like her，__1__was so ill-tempered when spinning (纺织). If there was a little knot in the cotton, she at once pulled out all of it, and__2__(throw) it on the ground beside her. She had a servant who was hardworking.__3__gathering together the discarded (丢弃的) cotton, cleaning it and spinning it well, she made a beautiful dress out of it for__4__.
A young man, who looked forward to__5__(marry) a good wife, courted (求婚) the lazy girl, and the wedding was about to take place.__6__the eve of the wedding, the hardworking girl was dancing in the hall merrily in her__7__(beauty) dress, and the bride said, “Ah, it is because I discarded the cotton__8__the girl can make such a beautiful dress！”
The young man heard this, and asked the bride what she meant by it. So she told him that the girl was wearing a dress made from the cotton which she had thrown__9__. When the young man heard this, he knew it was a lazy girl whom he was going to marry, while in the hall__10__(stand) a poor hardworking girl. So he gave up the bride and went to the other girl, and chose her as his wife.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．who who引导定语从句，修饰a girl。
2．threw 并列连词and连接两个并列谓语pulled和threw。
3．By by doing sth“通过做某事”。
4．herself 女仆用扔掉的棉花给自己做了条漂亮的裙子。
5．marrying look forward to中的to为介词，后接动名词做宾语。
6．On on the eve of“在……的前夕”。
7．beautiful 修饰名词dress应用形容词。
8．that 本句是强调句，强调because I discarded the cotton。
9．away throw away“扔掉”。
10．stood 根据文中的时态应用一般过去时。
【辽宁卷题型】
Mr.Smith：Miss Taylor, what sports do you go in__1__？
Miss Taylor：I'm__2__(absolute) mad about tennis. But I enjoy basketball and volleyball from time to time，too .
Mr.Smith：They say that sports are most liked in English schools and universities.
Miss Taylor：Right, We think sports will__3__(able)the students to better face life in the highly__4__(compete) society we are living in.
Mr.Smith：I quite agree. We__5__pay more attention to__6__(build)up strong bodies with healthy minds. Oh, Miss Taylor, what are __7__most popular sports in Britain?
Miss Taylor：Well, it's__8__ question that football's at the top of the list. We call it soccer in England.
Mr.Smith：It seems to be a common topic of conversation.
Miss Taylor：Yes, in fact ，I think __9__ the weather, it's the thing most talked about in England.
Mr.Smith：So__10__we want to start a conversation with a stranger, we'd better start talking about the weather or a recent football match, Is that the idea?
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．for 考查介词。go in for 表示“报名参加”。
2．absolutely 考查副词。分析句子结构可知缺少状语，所以用副词。
3．enable 考查构词法。此处缺少谓语，所以用动词形式。
4．competitive 考查形容词。此处指竞争激烈的社会。
5．should 考查情态动词。此处表示应该。
6．building 考查非谓语动词。句中to是介词，后面跟doing搭配。
7．the 考查冠词。在形容词最高级前面应该加the。
8．out of 考查介词。out of question 表示“毫无疑问”。
9．apart from/ besides 考查副词。此处表示“除……之外”。
10．if 考查连词。此处表示条件。
Ⅳ.完形填空
My son Brendan cried on his first day of school.Even Mrs Phillips，a __1__，soft-spoken master of the six-year-old boy，could not put him to a __2__.His eyes streamed，his nose ran and he __3__me tightly.I pushed him off and __4__.
It wasn't that Brendan didn't like school.He just didn't like being __5__ me.We'd had some __6__times in those preschool years.We played at the pool.We skated on quiet morning __7__.Now in Grade One，Brendan was __8__with five hours of wondering __9__I was doing with my day.
Brendan always came home for __10__，the only one of his class not to eat at his desk.I walked him back，__11__until he saw someone he knew，then left.He told me once that he __12__me until he couldn't see me any more.So I always walked__13__and never looked back.
One day when I __14__Brendan back after lunch，he saw a friend，kissed me goodbye，and __15__.Thinking of his new independence，I went，feeling __16__ for him.Then—I didn't know why—I looked back.And there he was.Brendan was watching me go.No book on mothering could have __17__me for that quick look into my child's soul.My __18__ went 15 years ahead to him packing boxes and his dog grown __19__and him saying，“Dry up，Mom.It's not like I'm leaving the country.”I looked at my Brendan and thought，“OK，you're six for me forever.”With a smile I had to really dig for，I blew him a kiss，__20__and walked away.
本文记述的是一位母亲的深情回忆：儿子Brendan刚上小学时，不愿和我分开，午饭也不像其他孩子那样在学校吃而是回家吃，然后由我送他回学校，分开时仍恋恋不舍地看着我的背影。终于孩子开始独立，然后长大，然后离开家。虽然不舍，但我知道，每个母亲都必须微笑着送孩子离开。文章字里行间浸透着浓浓的母爱，感人至深。
1．A.strange B．special
C．pretty D．kind
答案：D 根据Even的语气暗示和后面的soft-spoken(说话柔和的)可知，Mrs Phillips是一个易让孩子们接受的好老师，故用kind来修饰。
2．A.bed B．seat
C．book D．school
答案：B 由上下文可知，因为Brendan是第一天上学，所以他不愿意让妈妈离开，因此没有人能够让他坐到“座位”上去。
3．A.held onto B．looked at
C．searched for D．worried about
答案：A 本句意为：他泪流满面，鼻子抽搭着，紧紧抓住我。由下一句的pushed him off(推开他)可推断出，孩子因为不愿意让妈妈走而紧紧抓着她。hold onto意为“紧抓不放”。
4．A.smiled B．fell
C．escaped D．hurt
答案：C 作者把儿子推开，然后逃脱(escape)了。
5．A.afraid of B．apart from
C．thankful for D．proud of
答案：B 不是Brendan不喜欢上学，而是他不想和妈妈分开。be apart from sb.表示“和某人分开”。be afraid of sb.“害怕某人”，be thankful for sb.“感谢某人”，be proud of sb.“为某人而骄傲”，都不符合文章。
6．A.good B．tough
C．hard D．terrible
答案：A 下一句描述了他们在一起玩耍的情景，由此可推知，他们以前的时光应该是愉快的。good times“美好时光”。
7．A.water B．sunlight
C．ice D．wind
答案：C 由前面的skated(滑冰)可知，此处应用ice。
8．A.filled B．delighted
C．excited D．faced
答案：D Brendan上一年级了，每天有5个小时要待在学校而不再是整天和妈妈待在一起。因此，在这5个小时里，他会猜想妈妈在做什么。be faced with意为“面对”，这里指面对5个小时的瞎琢磨。
9. A．what B．how
C．which D．that
答案：A Brendan用5个小时的时间来猜测作者在做什么。此处what引导宾语从句并在从句中作宾语。
10. A．breakfast B．lunch
C．supper D．sleep
答案：B 根据语境以及下一段第一句中的after lunch可知，此处表示Brendan总是回家吃午饭(lunch)。
11. A．lived B．rode
C．promised D．waited
答案：D 由上下文可知，作者一直陪着儿子走，等(wait)到他遇到认识的人后再离开。
12. A．noticed B．observed
C．watched D．found
答案：C 此处表示儿子注视着作者离开。watch“注视，观看”，侧重于观察事物的变化、移动和发展。observe“观察”，指长时间地看并研究，不符合语境。
13. A．fast B．slowly
C．happily D．nervously
答案：A 由下文的never looked back可知，作者不想让儿子一直注视着自己，因此她应该加快步伐，从不回头，故用fast。
14．A.fetched B．took
C．received D．heard
答案：B 上一段提到儿子回家吃饭，此处表示午饭后带儿子回学校。take sb.back意为“带某人回去”。
15. A．laughed B．ran
C．played D．came
答案：B 根据下句中的I went可知作者走开了，由此推断Brendan遇到朋友后和妈妈吻别，然后“跑”开了。
16．A.sad B．lucky
C．interested D．pleased
答案：D 儿子开始独立，作者应该会为儿子感到“高兴”。
17．A.asked B．called
C．left D．prepared
答案：D 本句意为：从来没有哪本育儿书教过我，这样的匆匆一瞥竟使我看到儿子的灵魂深处，我对此毫无准备。prepare sb.for sth.意为“使某人为某事做好准备”。
18. A．mind B．head
C．hand D．brain
答案：A 此处表示作者的思绪(mind)跳到了15年之后。
19．A.young B．old
C．tall D．strong
答案：B 15年之后，儿子的狗当然是变老(old)了。
20. A．cried B．shouted
C．turned D．nodded
答案：C 由本段第三句可知，作者回头看儿子，因此此时作者应该是转过身(turn)，然后走了。
Ⅴ.阅读理解
When he thought of the past，my grandfather would sometimes show us photographs of himself at school.They were brown and faded，and it was hard to believe that the blurred figure of the little boy in the short trousers and socks could ever have been Grandfather.Besides，he wore a cap—and the boys in the photographs wore caps pulled so far forward that half of their faces were obscured.When Grandfather asked us to pick him out from the group，we would surely point to the wrong boy.
On one such occasion my younger sister，aged six，burst into tears when Grandfather proudly guided her finger to the right boy.“How could that boy be you？”she cried.“He should have a heard.”We were，of course，all convinced that grandfathers should have beards，preferably white and bushy，like our own grandfather's.
“I was a good scholar，”Grandfather would say，wagging his beard over the photographs.“I should have been top of the class if I hadn't had to get up at six every morning to milk the cows and chop the wood，and again when I came home from school.”
“But Saturdays? What did you do on Saturdays？”
“Saturdays，if it was fine，I'd be out all day in the fields with the men，”replied Grandfather. “And if it was wet，I'd be helping my mother with odd jobs round the house.There wasn't much time for studying.”
We all tried hard to imagine what it would have been like to have been Grandfather getting up at crack of dawn and never，obviously，having a moment for himself.It seemed we had learnt something from what Grandfather had said about his childhood.
1．In the first paragraph of this passage，what the author really tells us is that________.
A. his grandfather used to wear short trousers，socks and a cap as well
B．it was difficult to tell which of the boys in the photographs was Grandfather
C．he didn't believe Grandfather wore a cap pulled forward when he was at school
D．it was fun to watch boys in the photographs wearing caps pulled forward
答案：B 细节判断题，可用直接就题找题法来解。第一段最后一句：When Grandfather asked us to pick him out from the group，we would surely point to the wrong boy.此句表明答案为B。
2．The author's sister burst into tears because________.
A. she did not get a chance to pick out Grandfather in the photographs
B．she was told which was the right boy before she herself could pick him out
C．other children did not agree with her that Grandfather should have had a beard
D．she found Grandfather in the photographs did not have a beard
答案：D 细节判断题，可用直接就题找题法来解。由短文第二段第二句：“How could that boy be you？”she cried.“He should have a beard.”可以推断，小女孩接受不了爷爷没有胡子的事实。
3．When Grandfather said，“I should have been top of the class...”，be meant________.
A. if he had had more time for studying，he would have been the best in his class
B．he should have spent more time studying rather than playing ball games
C．his school days should not have been so hard and miserable
D．he could have never been the best student even if he had studied still harder
答案：A 推理判断题，可用逻辑推断法来解。该句为虚拟语气，表明如果他不需要每天起早干活，他的成绩一定会是班上最好的。
4．In the last paragraph the author said，“We all tried hard to imagine...”because________.
A. the figures of the boys in the photographs were small and blurred
B．the children had never experienced life like that of Grandfather
C．the photographs Grandfather showed them were brown and faded
D．Grandfather failed to tell them about his childhood in detail
答案：B 推理判断题，可用逻辑推断法来解。认真分析思考可以发现，作者身处现在较优越的生活环境中真难以想象爷爷当初会那么辛苦。
Ⅵ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同学写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Sue and Ann often meet at a cheaper restaurant to eat and talking about life and school after their morning class.Sometimes，instead of talking，they play a game that they call it“people watching”．They start the game in observing and listening to people around them careful and make guesses about their lives as ages，jobs，likes，dislikes and so on.Of course，they never really knew whether they are right or wrong.Therefore they usually have good reasons for thinking that what they are.“The game is fun，”they often say.
答案：
Sue and Ann often meet at a restaurant to eat and about life and school after their morning .Sometimes，instead of talking，they play a game that they call it “people watching”．They start the game observing and listening to people around them and make guessed about their lives as ages，jobs，likes，dislikes and so on.Of course，they never really whether they are right or wrong. they usually have good reasons for thinking that what they are.“The game is fun，”they often say.
课件56张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 · 选修8 The Conquest of the UniverseModule 51.1.1 集合的概念第三课时 Cultural Corner & Task 1.1.1 集合的概念Module 5
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．有争议地(adv.)________
2．入侵(n.)________
→侵略，侵占(v.)________
→侵略者(n.)________
3．影响，作用(n.)________
4．观察；监视(n.)____________
→观察(v.)________ arguably
invasion
invade
invader
impact
observation
observe
5．不可避免的(adj.)__________
6．假定，假设(n.)__________
7．在进行中的(adj.)__________
8．蓄意地，故意地(adv.)__________
→故意的(adj.)__________
inescapable
assumption
underway
deliberately
deliberate
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．ever________从那以后
2．lead________导致；通向
3．set________motion使某事开始
4．________panic惊慌地
5．set________开始做；着手进行 since
to
in
in
out1．invasion n．[U，C]入侵
①The army successfully fought off the foreign invasion.
该军成功地击退外国的入侵。
②France itself was threatened with invasion.
法国自身也受到入侵的威胁。
知识拓展
invade v．侵略
invader n．[C]侵略者；侵入者
即学即用
翻译句子
德国于1939年入侵波兰。
_________________________________________________
答案：German invaded Poland in 1939.
2．impact n．[C]影响，作用
①The full impact of the news hit us several days later.
那消息对我们造成的影响几天后才完全显现。
②It's difficult to assess the impact of the President's speech.
很难估计总统讲话的巨大影响。
知识拓展
make/have a great impact on对……有重大影响
即学即用
翻译句子
他的演讲对观众有很大的影响。
_________________________________________________
答案：His speech made a great impact on the audience.3．manage vt. 经营，管理
①Can you manage children well?
你能管好孩子吗？
②Despite his disappointment，he managed a smile.
他尽管很失望，但还是强颜微笑。
知识拓展
manage to do sth.设法做成某事，成功做了某事
manage it 处理，对付
manageable adj.易处理的，可做到的
manage without 没有……也行
①How did you manage to get their approval?
你怎么得到他们的同意的？
②She won't be able to manage without help.
没有人帮助，她将应付不了。
③However did you manage it?
究竟你是怎么处理这事的？
即学即用
完成句子
(1)我总算在目的站下了车。
I________________get out at the right station.
(2)他善于理财。
He's good at________________________.
(3)——我帮你提箱子好吗？——多谢，我可以的。
—Can I help you to carry the suitcase?
—Thanks a lot，but I________________________.
答案：(1)managed to (2)managing his money (3)can manage it1．ever since从那以后
①I haven't heard from him ever since last year.
我自去年以来就没收到他的信。
②I have lived here ever since I was a child.
我从孩童时就住在这儿。
③We came to the UK in 1974 and have lived here ever since.
我们1974年来到英国，此后就一直在这里生活。
知识拓展
(1)ever since可作介词、连词或副词。作介词时，其后只接表示时间点的单词或短语，不接时间段；作连词时，引导时间状语从句；作副词时，表示“从那时开始”，一般用于句末。ever用在since之前起加强语气的作用。
(2)(ever)since常与现在完成时连用。
即学即用
语法填空
They________(be)good friend ever since they were in primary school.
答案：have been
2．set out 打算，开始做，着手做
①They set out on the last stage of their journey.
他们开始了旅行的最后一程。
②They are setting out to do a new experiment.
他们正着手进行一项新的试验。
知识拓展
set about 开始，着手
set out to do sth.＝set about doing sth.开始做某事
①Gathering up the thread of his story，he set about writing/set out to write.
他整理好故事的线索便开始写作。
②Benjamin Franklin set about learning the printing at an early age.
本杰明·富兰克林早年就开始学习印刷术。
注意：set about与set out都表示“开始或出发”，但set about后接名词或动词-ing；set out后接不定式。
He set about solving the problem.
他着手解决问题。
即学即用
语法填空
The teacher set about________(write)on the blackboard and I set out________(read)the novel in class.
答案：writing；to read1．But when，in 1938，the American actor and director，Orson Welles set a radio drama of The war of the Worlds in the real life New Jersey town of Grover's Mill，little did he know what impact he was going to make.
但是1938年当美国演员兼导演奥森·韦尔斯以新泽西的格罗弗磨房镇真实生活场景为背景播出广播剧《世界之战》时，他根本不知道他将要造成多大的轰动。表示否定的词或短语：little，not，never，seldom，hardly，rarely，scarcely，not until，no sooner...than...，hardly...when...，neither...(nor)，by no means，in no time等，置于句首时句子要部分倒装。
①Never shall I forget the day.
我决不会忘记这一天。
②Not a word would he say.
他一个字也不肯说。
③Seldom in my life have I met so determined a person.
我一生中很少遇到如此果断的人。④Not until quite recently did I have any idea what a guided missile was like.
直到最近我才有了一点儿对导弹的了解。
⑤No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.
他一到那里就生了病。
⑥Hardly had he began to speak when his father stopped him.
他刚开始发言就被父亲制止了。
⑦Neither do I know her address，nor does he.
我不知道她的地址，他也不知道。
⑧At no time in his life has he been braver than in that case.
他一生中从来没有像那一回那么勇敢。即学即用
完成句子
(1)我再也不会做同样的事了。
Never________________________the same thing again.
(2)尽管他本人已经处于很危险的境地，但是他一点也不关心自己的安危。
Little________________________about his own safty though he was in great danger himself.
答案：(1)shall I do (2)did he care2．Incredible as it may seem，both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption that those strange beings who landed in the New Jersey farmlands tonight are the vanguard of an invading army from the planet Mars.
尽管看起来不可思议，但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必须会让我们做出一个设想，那就是今晚降落在新泽西农场的怪物就是来自火星入侵部队的先导。
Incredible as it may seem＝Although it may seem incredible；as引导让步状语从句时，通常将名词(不带冠词)，形容词、副词、动词(原形)提前。①Child as he is，he has to make a living.
虽然他是个孩子，但他得谋生。
②Clever as he is，he doesn't study well.
他虽然聪明，但学习不好。
③Much as I would like to help you，I'm busy now.
虽然我很想帮忙，但现在我很忙。
④Object as you may，I'll go.
纵使你反对，我也要去。
⑤Go as he did，he didn't help the girl work out that difficult problem.
尽管他去了，但是他并未帮助那个女孩解决那个难题。
即学即用
完成句子
尽管听起来有些奇怪，但他的想法还是被与会者们所接受了。
________________it might sound，his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
答案：Strange as
Ⅰ.句型转换
1．It is likely that our team will win the match.
→Our team________________________win the match.
2．I shall never forget the day when I joined the party.
→Never________________________the day when I joined the party.
3．Although he is a child，he knows a lot of things.
→________________he is，he knows a lot of things.
4．While I was walking along the street，I met an old friend.
→I________________along the street________I met an old friend.
5．We set about cleaning the floor after school.
→We set out________________the floor after school.
答案：1.is likely to 2.shall I forget 3.Child as/though
4．was walking；when 5.to clean
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．Having decided to rent a flat，we________contacting all the accommodation agencies for help.
A．set about B．set down
C．set out D．set up
答案：A set about“开始，看手”，后常接动词-ing。
2．________，he still found his way to his home.
A．As was the night dark
B．As the night was dark
C．Dark as was the night
D．Dark as the night was
答案：D as引导让步状语从句时，句子部分倒装，即把句子的表语、状语或动词原形等提到句首，但是句子的主谓并不倒装。句意为：尽管夜很黑，但是他还是想办法回家了。
3．—How was the televised debate last night?
—Super！Rarely________so much media attention.
A．a debate attracted B．did a debate attract
C．a debate did attract D．attracted a debate
答案：B 否定词rarely位于句首，句子应部分倒装，即助动词放在主语之前。句意为：——昨晚的电视辩论怎么样？——精彩！还从来没有一次辩论吸引那么多媒体的关注。
4．That story has a great________on children.
A．reason B．impact
C．fact D．cause
答案：B 句意：那个故事对小孩子有很大的影响。impact“影响”，符合题意。reason“原因”；fact“事实”；cause“原因”。
5．We are making the policy on the________that the rate of inflation will not increase next year.
A．fact B．matter
C．assumption D．theory
答案：C 句意：我们在假定明年通货膨胀率不增加的情况下制定政策。assumption“假定，假设”，on the assumption that“在……的假定之下”，符合题意。fact“事实”；matter“问题”；theory“理论”。
6．The old town had narrow streets and small houses ________ are built close to each other.
A．they B．where
C．what D．that
答案：D 句意：这座古城镇有狭窄的街道和建筑紧凑的小房子。所选项引导定语从句，修饰先行词small houses，并在从句中作主语，故用that。they，what不能引导定语从句；where在定语从句中作地点状语。
如何写与太空有关的新闻报道
典题示例
假设你是校园英文报的记者，请写一篇关于“神舟”十号发射的文章。(词数120个左右)
参考要点：
1.2013年6月11日17点38分“神舟”十号成功发射，有3名宇航员：聂海胜、张晓光和王亚平。
2.“神舟”十号首次开展面向青少年的太空科学讲座科普教育活动，这是此次任务的一大亮点。代表着中国正一步一个脚印地实现自己的太空梦，科普教育是航天一项非常重要的功能。
3.“神舟”十号承载了中国着手发射空间站的关键任务。
审题立意遣词造句
1．“神舟”十号成功发射，它携带三名宇航员。
①轨道_______________________________________
②携带____________________________________
③一句多译(定语从句和简单句含有非谓语动词)：
a．___________________________________________
_____________________________________
b．____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
2．这是第一次为青少年进行太空授课，并且也是“神舟”十号的最大亮点。
①第一次_________________________________________
②……之一______________________________________
③任务_________________________________________
④青少年_____________________________________
⑤用定语从句连接下面的句子：
It is the first time that Shenzhou-X has had science education activities for the teenagers.
It is one of the highlights of the mission.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
3．另一个重要的任务就是着手建立太空站。
①着手______________________________________
②太空站_______________________________________
③用表语从句翻译此句：
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
写作提醒
1．必须遵循新闻报道的要求——真实性、及时性、思想性。
2．本文必须体现新闻报道的语言精炼性。
3．新闻报道尽量用词科学、客观，用事实说话，而不是根据自己的爱好，主观臆断。
4．文章要组织严密，衔接词过渡自然。连句成篇
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】
【审题立意】①新闻报道 ②“神舟”十号发射 ③一般现在时态 ④第一人称
【遣词造句】
1．①orbit ②carry ③a.Shenzhou-X entered its orbit successfully，which carries three astronauts.
b．Shenzhou-X entered its orbit successfully，carrying three astronauts.
2．①the first time ②one of the＋最高级 ③mission ④teenagers
⑤It is the first time that Shenzhou-X has had science education activities for the teenagers，which is one of the highlights of the mission.
3．①set out ②space station ③Another important mission is that it will set out to start a space station.【连句成篇】
At 17：38，in June 11th of 2013，Shenzhou-X entered its orbit successfully，which carries female astronaut Wang Yaping and male astronauts Nie Haisheng and Zhang Xiaoguang.
It is the first time that Shenzhou-X has had science education activities for the teenagers，which is one of the highlights of the mission.During the activities，Wang Yaping is a chief teacher，teaching how the pendulum(钟摆)works under weight loss and how the top(陀螺)does and so on.
Experts explain that space science education is very important for the future，marking our great motherland is working hard to realize its space dream step by step.
Another important mission is that it will set out to start a space station.We all believe that it will be successful sometime in the future.课件6张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 · 选修8 The Conquest of the UniverseModule 5It is interesting how NASA chose their astronauts for landing on the moon.They chose men between the age of twenty and thirty-five.There were about fifty of them.Many were experienced air pilots.Others were scientists with two or three degrees.NASA telephoned each man they were going to choose and told him the dangers he might get in.They then asked him if he was willing to be trained as an astronaut.“How could any man refuse such an exciting job？”
The health and physical conditions of pilots were，of course，very necessary.Only those in very good health and physical condition were chosen.
While being trained to be astronauts，they went through many courses.They studied the star and the moon，and they also studied geology，the science of rocks.This was necessary because astronauts would have to look for rocks on the moon.They would try to find rocks which might help to tell the age of the moon.They were all trained to fly in helicopters.These helicopters landed directly down to give them some experience of the way the spaceship would really land on the moon. They were also taught the unknown facts about the conditions in space.They learnt all the technical details of the spaceships and rockets.They visited the scientists and engineers who designed the spaceships and rockets.They visited the factories where the spaceships and rockets were built.They learnt how every part of a spaceship and its instruments work.They also learnt every detail of the ground-control system.In a word，to be chosen as an astronaut，one must be in good health，well-informed in science and good at piloting.
