人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists Words and expressions课件 （共51张ppt）

(共51张PPT)
Unit 1 Science and Scientists
Words and Expressions
1. cholera ['k l r ]: 霍乱 /U/
have/deveplop/get cholera: 感染霍乱
2. severe [s 'v (r)]: adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的; 严厉的
severely adv.严重地; 严厉地; 严格地
1)重病/剧痛
severe disease/pain
2)恶劣的天气/严冬
severe weather/winter
3)面临严峻挑战
face severe challenges
4)任何人违反法律都将被严惩。(主语从句)
Whoever breaks the law will be severely punished.
比较级 more severe 最高级 most severe
3. diarrhoea[ da 'r ] n.腹泻
1)我腹泻/拉肚子。
I have diarrhoea.
(the runs: 腹泻)
have/get diarrhoea/the runs:
腹泻; 拉肚子
4. dehydration [ di ha 'dre n]: n. 脱水
dehydrate vt. 使脱水，使干燥;
vi.（人体的）脱水，失水
死于严重脱水
die from severe dehydration
5. frustrated[fr 'stre t d]:adj. 懊恼的; 沮丧的; 失意的
frustrate vt. 挫败，阻挠，使感到灰心
frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的
frustration n.懊恼，沮丧 ，令人懊恼的事物
①in frustration 懊恼地，沮丧地
同义词：discouraged/depressed/disappointed
用frustrate及其正确形式填空
What _________ me most was the_________ results of our team’s narrow defeat in the final, after which the players looked very _________ and the fans left the stadium in ___________ .
frustrated
frustrating
frustrated
frustration
6. once and for all 最终地; 彻底地
同义词：completely/entirely/totally/thoroughly
1)我们得彻底解决这个难题。
We have to tackle the difficult problem once and for all.
7. contradictory [ k ntr 'd kt ri]:adj. 相互矛盾的; 对立的; 不一致的
①be contradictory to… 与……矛盾/相反
contradict v. 反驳; 与…相矛盾
What he said was contradictory to the truth.
self-contradictory adj.自相矛盾的
比较级 more contradictory
最高级 most contradictory
8. infection[ n'fek n]:n. 感染;传染
infect [ n'fekt]:vt. 使感染;传染
①infect sb. with sth. 使某人感染上.../把...传染给某人
infected adj.被感染的；
②sb. be infected with sth. 某人感染/传染上……
infectious adj.有传染性的；有感染力的
【练透】　选词填空(infect/infection)P10
①It was her cheerful spirits and laughter that ________the whole class yesterday.
②Surgeons wear masks to prevent the spread of __________．
3)When a person has an _________(infect) disease, he will be separeted from others.
4)The ________(infect) patients are positive.
5)Go away, I don't want to infect you with my cold.
6)The official says that few people are infected with the virus thanks to the effective prevention.
infection
infectious
infected
infected
9.germ [d m]:n.[C]微生物; 细菌; 病菌
virus [ va r s]: n.[C]病毒;
bacterium [b k t r m]: n. 细菌
(复数: bacteria [b k t ri ])
When we are frequently exposed to g______,
we may get i_______ easily.
erms
nfected
10.subscribe[s b'skra b]:vi.认购(股份); 定期订购/缴纳(会费); 定期捐助
①subscribe to 同意/赞成; 定期订阅; 定期捐助
②subscribe A to B 把A捐赠给B
subscriber n. 订阅人；定期捐款者
同义词：contribute/donate A to B
【练透】　写出下列句中subscribe to的含义P10
①He subscribes to the view that children can benefit from being independent. ____________
②This is the school your father subscribed to generously in the past. ______
③Using the money I earned in the holiday, I have subscribed to several magazines recently. ______
同意；赞同
捐助
订阅
11. proof[pru f]:n.[C&U]证据; 证明; 检验
proofs 复数
prove v.证实，证明；证明是；结果是
同义词：evidence
同类变化：chiefs首领 / roofs屋顶/ beliefs信仰
1)a bullet-proof vest
-proof 作为后缀 防...的；抗...的
12. multiple ['m lt pl]: adj. 数量多的; 多种多样的
multiply v.大大增加/倍增；乘；繁殖
1)If you multiply 6 by 9, you'll get 54.
multi- 前缀 “多种”
multimedia 多媒体/多媒体的
multinational 多国的
multifunctional 多功能的
multicultural 多元文化的
multicolored
multiform
multiracial
multidirectional
13. pump[p mp]:n.[C]泵; 抽水机; 打气筒
water pumps
14. household ['ha sh ld]:n.[C]一家人;家庭; 同住一套房子的人
adj.家用的;全家的;家喻户晓的
household appliances
15. suspect [s 'spekt] v.怀疑; 疑有; 不信任;
['s spekt] n.[C]犯罪嫌疑人; 可疑对象
①suspect sb. of doing sth. 怀疑某人做过某事
②suspect sb. to be 怀疑某人是...
③suspect + that从句 怀疑...
【佳句】Initially，Bernard suspected that he couldn't sell his popcorn as planned. 起初，伯纳德怀疑他不能按计划出售他的爆米花。
【练透】　单句语法填空 P7
①What made you suspect her ____having taken the money
②I suspect him ______ (be) a pickpocket.
【写美】　同义句转换
③_______________________________ (把句②改为复合句)
of
to be
I suspect that he is a pickpocket.
suspicion n. 猜疑；嫌疑
suspected adj. (伤病)疑似……的；被怀疑的
suspicious adj. 猜疑的；可疑的
16. blame v.把…归咎于...; 责怪; 指责 & n.责任; 责备; 指责
①be to blame (for sth.) (对坏事)负有责任; (因某事)应受责备
②bear/take the blame (for sth.) (对某事)承担责任
③blam sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而责备某人/归咎于..
④blame sth. on sb. 把某物归咎到某人身上
⑤lay/put the blame for sth on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
to blame作表语时，主动形式表被动
【练透】　单句语法填空P8
①Many children were blamed ____making mistakes in the exam.
②Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame ___the alarm clock.
【写美】　补全句子
③Don't always ________________________ others.Sometimes you yourself
____________ ．
不要总把失败归咎于他人，有时该怪你自己。
for
on
blame your own failure on
are to blame
17. handle n.[C]把手; 拉手; 柄&v. 处理; 搬动; 操纵(车辆/动物/工具等)
1)处理问题/事情/危机
handle the problem/matter/crisis.
同义词： solve/tackle/do with/deal with/cope with
turn the handle
the handle of a knife
【练透】　写出下列句中handle的含义 P10
①How to handle the machine is a puzzle to all the persons there. ______
②He turned the handle and opened the door. ______
③Then, handle the most important tasks first and you'll feel a real sense of achievement. ______
操纵
把手
处理
18. intervention[ nt 'ven n]:n.介入; 出面; 干涉
intervene/ nt vi n/v.干预/涉；调解
1) 市场/政府干预
market/government intervention
2)非法干预
illegally intervene
19. link[l k]:n.[C]联系; 纽带; 链接& v.把...连接起来; 相关联
①a link between A and B A与B之间的联系
②C link A to/with B C把A和B连接/联系起来
③A be linked to/with B (by C) A与B被C连接起来/A与B相关联
1) 数据链
a data link
2)There is a direct link between diet and heart disease.
3)The country has built a sea-crossing bridge, which links the island to the mainland.
4)Remember, your growth is linked with the care and love of your parents.
=connect A to/with B
=join A to B
【练透】　单句语法填空 P10
①Your innovations should be linked ___our school life and be able to make our life better and more convenient.
②They went on to the next town, where they linked ___with the other party.
to
up
Click the link below to subscribe
https://1101101100
20. raw [r ]: adj. 未煮/生的; 未经处理的/原始的
1)原材料
raw materials
2)未经处理的废物
raw waste
raw meat
cooked meat
21. pure[pj (r)]:adj.干净的; 纯的; 纯粹的
pure water
raw water
n. 未净化的水
22. substantial[s b'st n l]: adj.大量的; 价值巨大/重大的;牢固的；实质性的
substance [ s bst ns] :n.[C&U] 物质;材料;实质
1)证据确凿
substantial proof
substantial sums of money
23. increase v. 增加
decrease [d 'kri s] v.减少; 减小; 降低
['di kri s] n.减少; 降低: 减少量
同义词: reduce/fall/drop
1) 人口大量减少
a substantial population decrease
【记牢】
(1)decrease to ... 减少到……
decrease by ... 减少了……
decrease from ...to ... 从……减少到……
(2)on the decrease 正在减少
【练透】　单句语法填空P8
①The traffic accidents in the city decreased ___ 40% last year.
②The number of new students in this school decreased from 2，100 ___ 1，600 this year.
【写美】　补全句子
③Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals _____________________________．
由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数量正在减少。
by
to
is on the decrease/is decreasing
thanks to
owing to
due to
as a result of
as a consequence of
because of
on account of
because/since/as/for
1)多亏了你及时的帮助，我才能处理这个难题。
Thanks to your timely help, I handled the difficult problem.
2)因为天气恶劣，飞行延期了。
The flight was postponed/put off/delayed owing to bad weather.
The flight was postponed/put off/delayed because the weather was bad.
+ 好的原因
+从句
+名词短语/动名词
幸亏
24. 由于; 因为
due to/as a result of/ because of/on account of/as a consequence of
25. statistic[st 't st k]:n.[C](常用复数)统计数字;统计资料; 统计学
1)官方/人口统计
official/population statistics
Probability and Statistics
number [ n mb (r)]: n. 数字
figure [ f ɡ (r)]: n. 数字; 身材; 人物
26. transform [tr ns'f m]:v.使改观;使改变形态; 改变; 转变
①transform A (from B) into C 把A(从B)变成C
②A be transformed (from B) into C A被(从B)变成C
transformer n.促使改变的人或物；变压器
transformation n.[C&U]改变;转化
We can transform electricity into light energy as well as into heat energy.
=Electricity can be transformed into light energy as well as into heat energy (by us).
同义词：
turn/
change
【练透】　单句语法填空/熟词生义P9
①Every moment of every day, energy is being transformed _____one form ______another.
②Kate has transformed that house since she moved in. _____
【写美】　补全句子
③He _____________________a controversial figure, which affected his reputation a great deal.
他变成了一个有争议的人物，这对他的名声影响很大。
from
into
改造
was transformed into
27. epidemiology[ ep di mi' l d i]:n.流行病学
epidemics / ep dem k/n.流行病；
microscope ['ma kr sk p]:n.[C]显微镜
binoculars[b n kj l z]:n.(用复数)双筒望远镜
telescope/ tel sk p/: n.[C]望远镜
28. thinking n.[U]思想; 思维; 见解
thought n.[C]思想；关心；想法；思考
think v.认为; 思考; 思索; 思想
He's thinking is innovative because he always comes up with new thoughts.
thought--thought
总的/抽象概念,指人的思想
具体的某个想法
protein['pr ti n]:n. 蛋白质
high protein food
cell[sel]:n.[C]细胞; 小房间; 单间牢房
29. virus ['va r s]:n.[C]病毒
viral / va r l/adj. 病毒性的
①go viral 像病毒般扩散；走红
What I never expect is that almost overnight, this video would go viral.
viruses 复数
finding['fa nd ]:n.[C]发现;调查结果; (法律)判决
find v.找到，感到
found--found
initial [ 'n l]:adj.最初的; 开始的;第一的 (用于名词前)
initially adv.开始; 最初
initiative [ n t v]: n. 倡议; 新方案
in closing: 最后
eventually: 最后
ultimately: 最后
30. vaccine['v ksi n]:n.[C&U]疫苗
1)接种新冠疫苗
get/receive a Covid-19 vaccine
31. framework ['fre mw k]: n.[C]框架，结构
1)基本理论框架
the basic theoretical framework
32. solid ['s l d]: adj.可靠的,固体的,坚实的 & n.[C]固体
liquid / l kw d/: adj.液体的, 液态的 & n.液体
33. cast [kɑ st]:v.投掷;投射(光/影子);向……投以(视线/笑容)
①cast down 降低/使向下; 使沮丧
1)The little boy cast his line into the stream, catching a fish soon.
2)The moon cast a bright light over the garden.
3)The flames cast dancing shadows on the walls.
4)He cast her an admiring glance.
5)She blushed, casting her eyes down.
6)He was cast down by the sad news.
cast--cast
34. shadow [' d ]: n.[C]影子；阴影/阴暗处；黑眼圈
v.投阴影于……
①cast a shadow on... 在某处投下/留下影子; 给...蒙上阴影
35. rainbow['re nb ]:n.彩虹
rainfall 降雨 rainstorm暴风雨 raindrop雨滴
rainproof雨衣 rainforest热带雨林 rainspout排水口
rainmaker降雨巫师、人工雨实验者
rain 雨水 +bow n.弓形物，弓
Be a rainbow in somebody else’s cloud.(成为别人云朵里的一道彩虹)
36. pour[p (r)]:v.倒出; 倾泻; 斟(饮料)
①pour out 倒出；倾吐/诉说(思想/感情/经历)
②pour down 流下；(雨)倾盆而下；
③pour into/in 涌进
1)She poured out all her troubles to him.
2)The rain continued to pour down.
3)Light was pouring into/in the courtyard.
4)他是那样焦急，泪水顺着他的面颊簌簌地落下。
He was so anxious that tears poured down his cheeks.
读后续写“流泪”表达积累：
burst into tears/burst out crying
be in tears/be close to tears/have tears in one’s eyes
tears well up in one’s eyes weep/cry/sob
tears pour/ roll/run/ stream down one’s cheek
37. concrete ['k kri t]:adj.混凝土制的; 确实的; 具体的 & n.[U]混凝土
concretely adv.具体地（反 abstractly抽象地，理论上地）
1)The floor is made of concrete.
2)混凝土会像岩石一样坚固。
The concrete will be as solid as a rock.
3) 这具体的我也说不上来。
I can't tell you anything concrete.
38. plasma ['pl zm ]:n. 血浆
blood plasma 血浆；血清；血桨
39. aerospace['e r spe s]:n. 航空航天工业
aer,aero,aeri=air表示“空气，充气”等
aerology气象学，大气学（aero+ology学科→空气学→大气学）
　　aerospace（大气层内外）空间（aero+space空间）
　　aerosphere大气层（aero+sphere球形→球形空气→大气层）
　　aeroview鸟瞰图（aero+view看→在空气中看→鸟瞰）
40. aviation[ e vi'e n]:n. 航空制造业；航空
avi 鸟 + ation 行为，过程，状态，结果 → 像鸟〔在空中飞〕→ 飞行
avi 鸟 + ator 表人 → 像鸟一样飞翔的人 → 飞行员
patriot/ p tri t/n.[C]爱国者
41.patriotic [ pe tri' t k]: adj. 爱国的
patriotically adv.爱国地/忧国地
patriotism/ p tri t z m/n. 爱国主义；爱国精神
42. mechanical[m 'k n kl]:adj. 机械的；发动机的
mechanic[m 'k n k]: n.机械师
mechanism/ mek n z m/n.机械装置; 机件; 方法; 机制; 机制，构造;
mechanist / mek n st/ n. 机械学者，机械论者
mechanician / mek n n/n. 机械工，机械技师，机械学者
break out (战争/火灾/疾病)爆发/突然开始(不及物)
break down （机器或车辆）出故障；垮掉；失败；消除；分解
break in 非法闯入；打断（谈话）/插嘴
break into 强行闯入；突然开始（笑/唱/鼓掌等）
break up 破碎；分手；解散；拆开
break away from 脱离；挣脱
break through 突破
break-broke-broken
【练透】　单句语法填空P20
①Our first attempt to make popcorn broke _____，but we weren't cast down.
②Scientists hope to break ________ soon in their fight against heart disease.
③Only then did I realise that it was so foolish of me to break away _____my friends and never contact them.
【写美】　补全句子
④____________________________________, but no one was killed.
昨晚一家医院发生火灾，但无人死亡。
down
through
from
A fire broke out in a hospital last night
【练透】　单句语法填空P20
①They were determined to defend ___________ (they) from/against misusage.
②The strong walls of the castles served as a good ________ (defend) against the attacks.
【写美】　一句多译
③看到那只凶猛的狗，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子不受它的攻击。
→Seeing the fierce dog，he rushed___________________________________like an arrow.
→Seeing the fierce dog，he rushed _____________________________________ like an arrow.
44. defend[d 'fend]v.保卫; 防守; 辩解(近义词：guard,protect)
①defend A from/against B 保护A以免受B；
②in defence of 保护；为……辩护
defence/defense n. 防御; 国防
defensive adj.防御的
themselves
defence
to defend his son from/against its attacks
in defence of his son from/against its attacks
45. jet[d et]: n.喷气式飞机
46.missile ['m sa l]:n.导弹
fire〔launch〕a missile 发射导弹
47. leadership n.领导地位；领导才能
ship做词缀表示身份、地位、资格 membership；
事物之间的某种关系friednship；
扮演某角色需要的能力、技巧leadership
leader n.领袖；领导者
lead v.带路；领导/带领 n. 铅
leading adj. 领导的；主要的
lead to 导致；造成；通向
lead a ...life 过着...生活
48.assistant[ 's st nt]:n.助理; 助手
assist v.帮助
①assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
=assist sb. to do sth.
=assist sb. in doing sth.
assistance n.帮助
②with the assistance of/under one’s assistance 在……的帮助下
③come/go to one’s assistance 来/去帮助某人
1)The teacher assists the children _______ their tasks.
=The teacher assists the children _______(finish) their tasks.
=The teacher assists the children in finishing their tasks.
2)他只能靠拐杖走路。
He can walk only with the assistance of stick.
3)尽管他喊叫，却没有人来帮助他。(despite)
Despite his cries, no one came to his assistance.
with
to finish
49. charge n.费用；主管；指控；电量
①sb. take charge of 某人负责
②sb. be in charge of 某人负责...
③sth. be in the charge of sb. 某物由某人负责
v.收费；指控；充电
⑤charge sb. for sth. 为某物向某人收取费用
⑥charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人（做）某事
(动作)
(状态)
free of charge＝for free 免费
【练透】　单句语法填空P21
①The police charged the thief _____stealing the jewels.
②How much did he charge you ____repairing this pair of shoes
【写美】　同义句转换
③Mr Bell has taken charge of the house for more than a year.
→Mr Bell ______________________________________________．
→The house __________________________________________________．
with
for
has been in charge of the house for more than a year
has been in the charge of Mr Bell for more than a year
50. trace v.追溯; 追踪; 查出 & n.[C&U]痕迹; 遗迹; 踪迹
①trace back to 追溯到
②leave trace 留下痕迹 follow trace 追踪 hide trace 掩盖痕迹
without trace/without a trace of sth 没有一丝…的痕迹
track n. 足迹; 踪迹; 轨道; & v.追踪; 跟踪
1) 她讲英语不带一点儿汉语口音。
She speaks English without a trace of Chinese accent.
=date back to
51. outstanding adj.优秀的; 杰出的; 明显的
近义词： excellent; brilliant; marked
stand out 突出；站出来；杰出
1)出色表现/杰出的成就
outstanding performance/achievement
2)Just be yourself, you have the shinning point and that makes you outstanding.
做自己，你有闪光点，那才是让你出众的地方。
52. gifted adj.有天赋的; 有天才的; 天资聪颖的
①be gifted/talented in/at sth. 在……方面有天赋
②be gifted with sth.=be born with 具有(令人愉快的特质)
gift n.[C]礼物; 天赋
③have a gift/ talent for sth. 在……方面有天赋
show a talent for 显示出…天赋
1)He was gifted/talented ______ music.
=He has a gift /talent for music.
2) Man is the only creature that is gifted ___________ speech.
3)He was gifted with a superb voice.
仿写：他有迷人的微笑。
He was gifted with a charming smile.
4)对文学极有天赋，他赢得了今年的诺贝尔文学奖。(非谓语)
Gifted in literature, he won the Nobel Prize in literature this year.
talented
in/at
talent
with
e down with... 患(病); 染上(小病)
come-came-come
suffer from...患(病)
【记牢】
come across 偶然遇到 come about 发生
come to 恢复常态；共计；达到(某种状况) when it comes to ... 当谈及……
come up with 想出(主语是人) come up 提出(主语是建议等)
【练透】　单句语法填空P21
①I came _______my former English teacher in the street yesterday.
②The headmaster wants to know how the accident came ______．
【写美】　补全句子
③_________________________________, Jack is the best player in our class.
说到打篮球，杰克是我们班最好的运动员。
④The scientists are beating their brains trying to _________________
_______________________．
科学家们绞尽脑汁试图想出解决这个问题的办法。
across
about
When it comes to playing basketball
come up with a
solution to the problem
54. abstract [' bstr kt]: adj.抽象的；n.（文献等的）摘要
abstractly adv.抽象地 (反)concretely
55. steady adj.稳定的; 平稳的; 稳步的
steadily adv.稳定地; 坚定地; 坚固地
56. astronomer[ 'str n m (r)]:n.[C]天文学家
astronomy[ 'str n mi]:n.天文学
astronomical/ str n m k( )l/adj.天文学的；极巨大的
furthermore
moreover
besides
what is more
in addition
1)除了聪明之外，他还很勇敢，敢说别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。此外，他的意志还非常坚定。
Besides being brilliant, he was brave and he dared to say what others were afraid to say and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about. Futhermore, he was quite determined.
adv.
介词短语
57. 此外/而且
prep. 除...之外(还)...
58. brilliant['br lj nt]: adj.聪颖的; 绝妙的; 明亮的
brilliantly adv.光彩夺目地;出色地; 精彩地; 高明地
同义词：bright/clever/smart/intelligent
59. above all 最重要的是; 尤其是
after all 毕竟；终究
all in all 总的说来/总之
in all 合计；总共
not...at all 一点也不/根本不
first of all 首先；第一
（强调顺序）
（强调重要性）
=in short =in a word
【练透】　选词填空(at all/in all/after all)P22
①How many students are there in your school ________
②I was very upset to find out that he didn't like my gift _______．
③Don't believe the advertisement.____________, it is the customers who pay for whatever you are given.
【写美】　翻译句子
④最重要的是，你需要对你的学习和生活持一种积极的态度。
_________________________________________________________________
in all
at all
After all
Above all, you need to develop a positive attitude towards your studies and life.
60. fault n.[C&U]弱点; 过错
①find fault with… 挑……的错，找……的茬
②be at fault 有过错；应当负责
faulty adj.不完美的；有缺陷的
faultless adj. 完美的，无缺点的
Well, it’s all my fault. Okay
It’s one’s fault for (doing) sth.(做)某事是某人的过失
It’s one’s fault that… …是某人的过错
同义词：
error/mistake 错误 shortcoming/weakness 弱点
【练透】　单句语法填空P22
①The driver who didn't stop at the red light was ___fault in the accident.
②He has many _______ (fault), and cruelty is one of them.
【写美】　补全句子
③He________________________ my work.他总是挑我工作上的毛病。
at
faults
is always finding fault with
61. shift n.[C]改变; 转换; 轮班 & v.转移; 挪动; 转向
1)the work shift
轮岗，轮班；
the day/night shift
白/夜班
2)Joe听着，不安地把重心从一只脚转移到另一只脚。（非谓语作状语）
Joe listened, __________ uncomfortably from one foot to another.
shifting
62. vivid adj.生动的; 鲜明的; 丰富的
vividly adv.生动地
1)周三晚上，我做了个十分逼真的梦，让我很不安。（定语从句）
On Wednesday night I had a very vivid dream which really upset me.
2) 我对我们第一次相见的那天记忆犹新。
I______ remember the day we first met .
vividly