译林版（2019） 必修 第二册：Unit 4 Exploring literature课时精练二 Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language points（含答案）
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| 名称 | 译林版（2019） 必修 第二册：Unit 4 Exploring literature课时精练二 Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language points（含答案） |  | |
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| 文件大小 | 130.6KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 牛津译林版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-08-27 21:35:23 | ||
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Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.This report offered the most specific and accurate (describe) of the problem.
2．Some of us are sensitive smells，while others find colors easier to remember.
3． the historian said at the meeting described a different future for us.
4．Everybody spoke in praise of her (devote) to the cause of education.
5.Over the long term，education is great significance to our country.
6．Keep in mind that we are capable overcoming our weaknesses，as long as we determine to.
7． (determine) to give up smoking，he threw away his remaining cigarettes.
8．The campaign was (specific) launched to raise fund for the homeless people.
Ⅱ.选词填空
1.She gladly gave up her part?time job to her art entirely.
2．When it comes to our environment，the author us to protect wild animals.
3．It is likely that we are getting more anxious if not knowing what is .
4．To ensure the future of mankind，it is crucial to our experience from the past.
5． ，nothing is more precious than having some good friends surrounding us.
Ⅲ.单句写作(介绍一位科学家)
1．她是一位伟大的科学家，一生致力于保护野生动物。(devote...to...)
She was a great scientist who .
2．最让我感动的是她对工作的投入。(what引导主语从句)
was her devotion to her work.
3．后来，这个年轻女人陷入了一个不得不向他人求助的境地。(situation，where引导定语从句)
The young woman got into a situation .
4．为了改变这种糟糕的状况，她呼吁每个人行动起来。(appeal to)
To change the terrible situation， .
5．多亏她，现在人们更加重视野生动物保护了。(significance)
Thanks to her， .
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Two “stolen” notebooks，Notebooks B and C，written by Charles Darwin have been mysteriously returned to Cambridge University on March 9th,22 years after they were last seen，but who returned them is a real whodunit.They were left anonymously(匿名地) in a bright pink gift bag containing the original blue box the notebooks were kept in and a plain brown envelope，on which was printed a short message：“Librarian，Happy Easter X．”
With an action plan to use advanced information technology to preserve important culture heritage，the notebooks were originally removed from the Special Collections Strong Rooms—where the rarest and most valuable items are kept—for photography to take place at the library in September 2000，with the photography request completed in November 2000.During a following routine check in January 2001，it was found that the small box containing the two notebooks had not been returned to its proper place.
For many years，previous university librarians believed that the notebooks had been misplaced in the vast storerooms and collections of Cambridge University Library.Despite a number of searches over the years，they remained undiscovered.At the start of 2020，a new search—the largest in the library’s history—was arranged by the librarian Dr Gardner，involving specialist staff assigned to search specific zones of the library’s storage facilities.However，this failed to locate the notebooks，leading to the conclusion，with the help of national experts in cultural heritage theft and recovery，that they had likely been stolen.
In July 1837，Charles Darwin wrote at the top of the page of one of his notebooks，“I think”．Then he drew a sketch(草图)of a tree，attempting to pose to himself the question about what is the origin of species.More than 20 years later，Darwin published On the Origin of Species.Notebooks B and C provide an extraordinary insight into Darwin’s search for the solution to what public in those days had called “that mystery of mysteries”，the origin of new species.
1．Why were Notebooks B and C taken away from their original place
A．They were no longer regarded as the rarest and most valuable items.
B．They had to make room for the photography of special collections.
C．They would be presented for a photography exhibition in the library.
D．They needed to be recorded by taking photos for better preservation.
2．When did the library confirm the theft of the notebooks
A．After completing the photography.
B．After routine check in January 2001.
C．After the largest search in the library’s history.
D．After discovering the returned notebooks.
3．What can we learn from the passage
A．Notebooks B and C used to be kept in a plain brown envelope.
B．It took over 5 months to complete the photography in the library.
C．At first the librarians believed the notebooks hadn’t been stolen.
D．Charles Darwin searched the origin of trees in his notebooks.
4．Which is this passage most likely taken from
A．A textbook. B．A newspaper.
C．A science report. D．An introduction to a book.
Ⅴ.完形填空
Every year，there is a book festival in my city.I always make a list of all the books I like and wait for the 1 of the festival.What I like best is to search the whole ocean of secondhand books for what I need.I can always get good 2 at the festival.
Last Saturday，the book festival was held.I 3 there early.When it was 4 ，I was the first one to get in...I looked through books until my legs couldn’t 5 me.Then I decided to check out.The 6 in the book festival is five dollars for each filled-up bag of books，and one 7 dollar for each cloth bag.I filled three bags with all those pre-loved books， 8 very happy I would be the new owner of them.
However，when it was my turn to pay，I realized I had 9 added up the cost of the books and hadn’t 10 about the cost of the bags.I was three dollars short，but it was so 11 for me to take out any of the books.
The man behind me saw my difficult 12 and asked，“Is it OK for me to 13 first My car is quite close and I will put my books in it and come back with the 14 bags，which you can use for your books.”
I was so grateful for his kindness.This small act of kindness really 15 my day.
1．A.influence B．arrival
C．contribution D．celebration
2．A.results B．friends
C．finds D．services
3．A.passed B．left
C．lived D．reached
4．A.open B．clear
C．noisy D．busy
5．A.help B．punish
C．save D．carry
6．A.standard B．rule
C．purpose D．trouble
7．A.successful B．secret
C．extra D．suitable
8．A.keeping B．appearing
C．turning D．feeling
9．A.just B．also
C．thus D．still
10．A.talked B．thought
C．written D．reported
11．A.necessary B．rude
C．hard D．possible
12．A.story B．situation
C．task D．trip
13．A.turn back B．walk in
C．give up D．check out
14．A.empty B．illegal
C．special D．expensive
15．A.got B．ended
C．made D．began
Ⅵ.语法填空
Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea examines 1. (man) place in the world while exploring his need 2. survival.
Hemingway has much to say in The Old Man and the Sea.One of the most common themes is man vs nature，which is a main idea that 3. (specific) challenges humanity against the natural world.True to this，Santiago faces several challenges from nature，the 4. (obvious) being his battle with the giant fish.Their struggle lasts two days，before Santiago kills the fish.So，what does this struggle tell us As for Santiago，this struggle presents the main character to 5._______ we should show respect.
Understanding this theme in The Old Man and the Sea helps explain why the novel is 6.___________ classic.The importance of being determined and never giving up helps define the type of people we are.Man is always going to be faced with 7. (challenge) from nature and 8. he faces these challenges，and what type of action he takes，are areas of thought that attract readers and stay with them long after they have read the novel.These types of questions will always be important.Being capable of 9. (stand) the test of time is part of why this novel 10. (assume) as a classic.
课时精练二
Ⅰ.1.description 2.to 3.What 4.devotion 5.of 6.of 7.Determined 8.specifically
Ⅱ.1.devote herself to 2.appeals to 3.in store 4. draw on
5．In summary
Ⅲ.1.devoted all her life to protecting wild animals
2．What moved me most
3．where she had to turn to others for help later
4．she appealed to everyone to take action
5．people attach more significance to protecting wild animals now
Ⅳ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了两本“被盗”的笔记本被神秘地归还给了剑桥大学一事。
1．D [细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，这两个笔记本被从特别收藏室拿出来的原因是需要通过拍照记录的方式进行更好的保护。故选D。]
2．C [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“At the start of 2020，a new search—the largest...that they had likely been stolen.”可知，在经历图书馆历史上最大规模的一次搜索之后，图书馆才确认这两本笔记本被盗。故选C。]
3．C [细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，起初图书管理员认为笔记本只是被放错了地方，并没有被偷。故选C。]
4．B [文章出处题。通读文章尤其是第一段内容可知，本文主要介绍了被盗的笔记本被不知名人士归还一事，第一段交代了时间、地点以及主要经过，所以本文为新闻报道，即选自报纸。故选B。]
Ⅴ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在图书节忘记准备买袋子的钱，接受了一位好心人帮助的故事。
1．B [influence影响；arrival到来；contribution捐献；celebration庆典。根据上文可推知，此处指作者做好准备，等待节日的到来。故选B。]
2．C [result结果；friend朋友；find发现物，被发现的人；service服务。根据上文“What I like best is to search...”可知，作者最喜欢在二手书的海洋中寻找自己需要的东西，从而推知，他总能在节日上找到自己需要的好东西。故选C。]
3．D [pass通过；leave离开；live居住；reach到达。根据下文“I was the first one to get in”可推知，作者很早就到达了图书节的活动现场。故选D。]
4．A [open开放的；clear清晰的；noisy吵闹的；busy忙碌的。根据下文“I was the first one to get in”可推知，活动现场开放了，所以作者才能进去。故选A。]
5．D [help帮助；punish处罚；save解救；carry支撑。结合语境，再根据上下文可推知，作者非常喜爱图书节，所以此处指作者走不动了，即双腿不能支撑作者接着走下去了，才准备离开活动现场。故选D。]
6．A [standard标准；rule规则；purpose目的；trouble麻烦。根据下文“five dollars for each filled-up bag of books”可推知，此处介绍了图书节的收费标准。rule一般指规章条例。故选A。]
7．C [successful成功的；secret秘密的；extra额外的；suitable适合的。根据下文“I filled three bags...”以及“I was three dollars short”可推知，此处指每个布袋额外收一美元。故选C。]
8．D [keep(使)保持；appear出现；turn转弯；feel感到，觉得。根据上文“I filled three bags with all those pre-loved books...”以及下文“very happy”可推知，此处指作者找到了自己心爱的书，所以感到很高兴。故选D。]
9．A [just仅仅；also也；thus因此；still还是。根据上文“However”以及下文“added up the cost of the books”和“I was three dollars short”可推知，作者计算费用的时候只算了书的费用，忘记算袋子的费用了。故选A。]
10．B [根据上文“added up the cost of the books”以及下文“I was three dollars short”可推知，作者忘记算袋子的费用，即没考虑袋子的费用。故选B。]
11．C [根据上文“I filled three bags...”以及“I was three dollars short，but”和下文“my difficult”可推知，上下文呈转折关系，作者十分喜爱自己选的书，所以要将哪一本拿出去都很难。故选C。]
12．B [story故事；situation情况；task任务；trip旅行。结合语境，再根据上文可推知，作者不知道该怎么办，处境很艰难。故选B。]
13．D [turn back往回走；walk in走进；give up放弃；check out结账。结合语境可推知，作者在结账时发现自己的钱不够，所以这个人应该是询问作者可不可以让自己先结账离开。故选D。]
14．A [empty空的；illegal非法的；special特别的；expensive昂贵的。根据上文“I will put my books in it”以及下文“which you can use for your books”可推知，那个男人提议自己先结账，然后将书放进车里，再将空袋子拿回来给作者使用。故选A。]
15．C [根据上文“I was so grateful for his kindness.”可推知，陌生人的善举让作者感到十分开心。固定搭配make one’s day意为“让某人高兴/开心一整天”。故选C。]
Ⅵ.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了欧内斯特·海明威的《老人与海》在探索人类的生存需求的同时，审视了人类在世界上的地位。
1．man’s [考查名词所有格。根据句意以及空后的place可知，此处应该为名词所有格形式，起到修饰限定的作用。故填man’s。]
2．for [考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示“他对生存的需要”，所以缺少介词for。故填for。]
3．specifically [考查副词。此处为副词作状语修饰动词challenges。故填specifically。]
4．most obvious [考查形容词最高级。根据句意以及空前的the可知，此处应用形容词最高级表示“最明显的”。故填most obvious。]
5．whom [考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处为介词to＋whom引导的定语从句，先行词the main character在从句中作to的宾语，从句中短语为show sth to sb，此时的介词to前置。故填whom。]
6．a [考查冠词。由空后classic为单数名词可知，此处泛指“一部经典”，classic的发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。]
7．challenges [考查名词复数。根据句意以及下文中的“these challenges”可知，此处名词应为复数形式。故填challenges。]
8．how [考查宾语从句。根据句意可知，此处为连接副词how“如何”引导的宾语从句。故填how。]
9．standing [考查动名词。此处为固定短语be capable of doing sth“有能力做某事”。故填standing。]
10．is assumed [考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语be assumed as“被认为是”，句子在陈述事实，所以用一般现在时，主语this novel为单数名词，be动词用is。故填is assumed。]
1.This report offered the most specific and accurate (describe) of the problem.
2．Some of us are sensitive smells，while others find colors easier to remember.
3． the historian said at the meeting described a different future for us.
4．Everybody spoke in praise of her (devote) to the cause of education.
5.Over the long term，education is great significance to our country.
6．Keep in mind that we are capable overcoming our weaknesses，as long as we determine to.
7． (determine) to give up smoking，he threw away his remaining cigarettes.
8．The campaign was (specific) launched to raise fund for the homeless people.
Ⅱ.选词填空
1.She gladly gave up her part?time job to her art entirely.
2．When it comes to our environment，the author us to protect wild animals.
3．It is likely that we are getting more anxious if not knowing what is .
4．To ensure the future of mankind，it is crucial to our experience from the past.
5． ，nothing is more precious than having some good friends surrounding us.
Ⅲ.单句写作(介绍一位科学家)
1．她是一位伟大的科学家，一生致力于保护野生动物。(devote...to...)
She was a great scientist who .
2．最让我感动的是她对工作的投入。(what引导主语从句)
was her devotion to her work.
3．后来，这个年轻女人陷入了一个不得不向他人求助的境地。(situation，where引导定语从句)
The young woman got into a situation .
4．为了改变这种糟糕的状况，她呼吁每个人行动起来。(appeal to)
To change the terrible situation， .
5．多亏她，现在人们更加重视野生动物保护了。(significance)
Thanks to her， .
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Two “stolen” notebooks，Notebooks B and C，written by Charles Darwin have been mysteriously returned to Cambridge University on March 9th,22 years after they were last seen，but who returned them is a real whodunit.They were left anonymously(匿名地) in a bright pink gift bag containing the original blue box the notebooks were kept in and a plain brown envelope，on which was printed a short message：“Librarian，Happy Easter X．”
With an action plan to use advanced information technology to preserve important culture heritage，the notebooks were originally removed from the Special Collections Strong Rooms—where the rarest and most valuable items are kept—for photography to take place at the library in September 2000，with the photography request completed in November 2000.During a following routine check in January 2001，it was found that the small box containing the two notebooks had not been returned to its proper place.
For many years，previous university librarians believed that the notebooks had been misplaced in the vast storerooms and collections of Cambridge University Library.Despite a number of searches over the years，they remained undiscovered.At the start of 2020，a new search—the largest in the library’s history—was arranged by the librarian Dr Gardner，involving specialist staff assigned to search specific zones of the library’s storage facilities.However，this failed to locate the notebooks，leading to the conclusion，with the help of national experts in cultural heritage theft and recovery，that they had likely been stolen.
In July 1837，Charles Darwin wrote at the top of the page of one of his notebooks，“I think”．Then he drew a sketch(草图)of a tree，attempting to pose to himself the question about what is the origin of species.More than 20 years later，Darwin published On the Origin of Species.Notebooks B and C provide an extraordinary insight into Darwin’s search for the solution to what public in those days had called “that mystery of mysteries”，the origin of new species.
1．Why were Notebooks B and C taken away from their original place
A．They were no longer regarded as the rarest and most valuable items.
B．They had to make room for the photography of special collections.
C．They would be presented for a photography exhibition in the library.
D．They needed to be recorded by taking photos for better preservation.
2．When did the library confirm the theft of the notebooks
A．After completing the photography.
B．After routine check in January 2001.
C．After the largest search in the library’s history.
D．After discovering the returned notebooks.
3．What can we learn from the passage
A．Notebooks B and C used to be kept in a plain brown envelope.
B．It took over 5 months to complete the photography in the library.
C．At first the librarians believed the notebooks hadn’t been stolen.
D．Charles Darwin searched the origin of trees in his notebooks.
4．Which is this passage most likely taken from
A．A textbook. B．A newspaper.
C．A science report. D．An introduction to a book.
Ⅴ.完形填空
Every year，there is a book festival in my city.I always make a list of all the books I like and wait for the 1 of the festival.What I like best is to search the whole ocean of secondhand books for what I need.I can always get good 2 at the festival.
Last Saturday，the book festival was held.I 3 there early.When it was 4 ，I was the first one to get in...I looked through books until my legs couldn’t 5 me.Then I decided to check out.The 6 in the book festival is five dollars for each filled-up bag of books，and one 7 dollar for each cloth bag.I filled three bags with all those pre-loved books， 8 very happy I would be the new owner of them.
However，when it was my turn to pay，I realized I had 9 added up the cost of the books and hadn’t 10 about the cost of the bags.I was three dollars short，but it was so 11 for me to take out any of the books.
The man behind me saw my difficult 12 and asked，“Is it OK for me to 13 first My car is quite close and I will put my books in it and come back with the 14 bags，which you can use for your books.”
I was so grateful for his kindness.This small act of kindness really 15 my day.
1．A.influence B．arrival
C．contribution D．celebration
2．A.results B．friends
C．finds D．services
3．A.passed B．left
C．lived D．reached
4．A.open B．clear
C．noisy D．busy
5．A.help B．punish
C．save D．carry
6．A.standard B．rule
C．purpose D．trouble
7．A.successful B．secret
C．extra D．suitable
8．A.keeping B．appearing
C．turning D．feeling
9．A.just B．also
C．thus D．still
10．A.talked B．thought
C．written D．reported
11．A.necessary B．rude
C．hard D．possible
12．A.story B．situation
C．task D．trip
13．A.turn back B．walk in
C．give up D．check out
14．A.empty B．illegal
C．special D．expensive
15．A.got B．ended
C．made D．began
Ⅵ.语法填空
Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea examines 1. (man) place in the world while exploring his need 2. survival.
Hemingway has much to say in The Old Man and the Sea.One of the most common themes is man vs nature，which is a main idea that 3. (specific) challenges humanity against the natural world.True to this，Santiago faces several challenges from nature，the 4. (obvious) being his battle with the giant fish.Their struggle lasts two days，before Santiago kills the fish.So，what does this struggle tell us As for Santiago，this struggle presents the main character to 5._______ we should show respect.
Understanding this theme in The Old Man and the Sea helps explain why the novel is 6.___________ classic.The importance of being determined and never giving up helps define the type of people we are.Man is always going to be faced with 7. (challenge) from nature and 8. he faces these challenges，and what type of action he takes，are areas of thought that attract readers and stay with them long after they have read the novel.These types of questions will always be important.Being capable of 9. (stand) the test of time is part of why this novel 10. (assume) as a classic.
课时精练二
Ⅰ.1.description 2.to 3.What 4.devotion 5.of 6.of 7.Determined 8.specifically
Ⅱ.1.devote herself to 2.appeals to 3.in store 4. draw on
5．In summary
Ⅲ.1.devoted all her life to protecting wild animals
2．What moved me most
3．where she had to turn to others for help later
4．she appealed to everyone to take action
5．people attach more significance to protecting wild animals now
Ⅳ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了两本“被盗”的笔记本被神秘地归还给了剑桥大学一事。
1．D [细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，这两个笔记本被从特别收藏室拿出来的原因是需要通过拍照记录的方式进行更好的保护。故选D。]
2．C [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“At the start of 2020，a new search—the largest...that they had likely been stolen.”可知，在经历图书馆历史上最大规模的一次搜索之后，图书馆才确认这两本笔记本被盗。故选C。]
3．C [细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，起初图书管理员认为笔记本只是被放错了地方，并没有被偷。故选C。]
4．B [文章出处题。通读文章尤其是第一段内容可知，本文主要介绍了被盗的笔记本被不知名人士归还一事，第一段交代了时间、地点以及主要经过，所以本文为新闻报道，即选自报纸。故选B。]
Ⅴ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在图书节忘记准备买袋子的钱，接受了一位好心人帮助的故事。
1．B [influence影响；arrival到来；contribution捐献；celebration庆典。根据上文可推知，此处指作者做好准备，等待节日的到来。故选B。]
2．C [result结果；friend朋友；find发现物，被发现的人；service服务。根据上文“What I like best is to search...”可知，作者最喜欢在二手书的海洋中寻找自己需要的东西，从而推知，他总能在节日上找到自己需要的好东西。故选C。]
3．D [pass通过；leave离开；live居住；reach到达。根据下文“I was the first one to get in”可推知，作者很早就到达了图书节的活动现场。故选D。]
4．A [open开放的；clear清晰的；noisy吵闹的；busy忙碌的。根据下文“I was the first one to get in”可推知，活动现场开放了，所以作者才能进去。故选A。]
5．D [help帮助；punish处罚；save解救；carry支撑。结合语境，再根据上下文可推知，作者非常喜爱图书节，所以此处指作者走不动了，即双腿不能支撑作者接着走下去了，才准备离开活动现场。故选D。]
6．A [standard标准；rule规则；purpose目的；trouble麻烦。根据下文“five dollars for each filled-up bag of books”可推知，此处介绍了图书节的收费标准。rule一般指规章条例。故选A。]
7．C [successful成功的；secret秘密的；extra额外的；suitable适合的。根据下文“I filled three bags...”以及“I was three dollars short”可推知，此处指每个布袋额外收一美元。故选C。]
8．D [keep(使)保持；appear出现；turn转弯；feel感到，觉得。根据上文“I filled three bags with all those pre-loved books...”以及下文“very happy”可推知，此处指作者找到了自己心爱的书，所以感到很高兴。故选D。]
9．A [just仅仅；also也；thus因此；still还是。根据上文“However”以及下文“added up the cost of the books”和“I was three dollars short”可推知，作者计算费用的时候只算了书的费用，忘记算袋子的费用了。故选A。]
10．B [根据上文“added up the cost of the books”以及下文“I was three dollars short”可推知，作者忘记算袋子的费用，即没考虑袋子的费用。故选B。]
11．C [根据上文“I filled three bags...”以及“I was three dollars short，but”和下文“my difficult”可推知，上下文呈转折关系，作者十分喜爱自己选的书，所以要将哪一本拿出去都很难。故选C。]
12．B [story故事；situation情况；task任务；trip旅行。结合语境，再根据上文可推知，作者不知道该怎么办，处境很艰难。故选B。]
13．D [turn back往回走；walk in走进；give up放弃；check out结账。结合语境可推知，作者在结账时发现自己的钱不够，所以这个人应该是询问作者可不可以让自己先结账离开。故选D。]
14．A [empty空的；illegal非法的；special特别的；expensive昂贵的。根据上文“I will put my books in it”以及下文“which you can use for your books”可推知，那个男人提议自己先结账，然后将书放进车里，再将空袋子拿回来给作者使用。故选A。]
15．C [根据上文“I was so grateful for his kindness.”可推知，陌生人的善举让作者感到十分开心。固定搭配make one’s day意为“让某人高兴/开心一整天”。故选C。]
Ⅵ.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了欧内斯特·海明威的《老人与海》在探索人类的生存需求的同时，审视了人类在世界上的地位。
1．man’s [考查名词所有格。根据句意以及空后的place可知，此处应该为名词所有格形式，起到修饰限定的作用。故填man’s。]
2．for [考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示“他对生存的需要”，所以缺少介词for。故填for。]
3．specifically [考查副词。此处为副词作状语修饰动词challenges。故填specifically。]
4．most obvious [考查形容词最高级。根据句意以及空前的the可知，此处应用形容词最高级表示“最明显的”。故填most obvious。]
5．whom [考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处为介词to＋whom引导的定语从句，先行词the main character在从句中作to的宾语，从句中短语为show sth to sb，此时的介词to前置。故填whom。]
6．a [考查冠词。由空后classic为单数名词可知，此处泛指“一部经典”，classic的发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。]
7．challenges [考查名词复数。根据句意以及下文中的“these challenges”可知，此处名词应为复数形式。故填challenges。]
8．how [考查宾语从句。根据句意可知，此处为连接副词how“如何”引导的宾语从句。故填how。]
9．standing [考查动名词。此处为固定短语be capable of doing sth“有能力做某事”。故填standing。]
10．is assumed [考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语be assumed as“被认为是”，句子在陈述事实，所以用一般现在时，主语this novel为单数名词，be动词用is。故填is assumed。]