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Module 1Our Body and Healthy Habits
Grammar and usage
重点语法讲与练：
Grammar I: Nouns used as verbs (名词转化动词)
Summary about the Nouns used as verbs
1. to be, become or to act as the person, animal, or the object denoted by the noun
1) nouns of persons:
She mothered the orphan (act in the manner of a mother)
他慈母般地照顾这个孤儿。
2) nouns of animals:
Mark parroted what the boss had said（to repeat by rote）
鹅鹉学舌般地重复。
He wolfed his meal.（to eat greedily）
他狼吞虎叨地吃饭．
His cat has kittened. (to give birth)
他的猫已下仔儿。
3) nouns without life:
He felt he is being shadowed, but he could not see anyone behind him..(to follow and watch closely esp. secretly)
他觉得他正被人跟踪，但是他看不到身后有任何人。
2. to perform an action by means of the object denoted by the noun
Tom braked the car.．（to mouse to slow or stop by a brake）
汤姆刹了车。
My mother is knifing a piece of meat. (to cut with a knife)
母亲在切一块肉。
His job is to milk the cows. (to take milk from)
他的工作就是挤奶。
3. to put in or on a place, container, or a specified location denoted by the noun
He is busy bottling wine..(to put...in the bottle)
他正忙于把酒装瓶。
They canned apples．（to put in cans）
他把苹果放在了罐子里。
4. to remove the object denoted by the noun from sth.
You should bone a turkey before eating it. (to remove the bones from)
你应该吃火鸡前去骨。
She dusted the furniture with a duster. (to remove dust from)
她用禅子禅掉家具上的灰尘。
5. to give or provide what the noun denotes
The local government sheltered the homeless． (to give shelter to)
当地政府收容无家可归的人。
Pills are sometimes coated with sugar. (to cover with)
有时，药片上包了一层糖衣。
6. to make or change sth. or sb. into what the noun denotes
He was orphaned at an early age.（to cause to be an orphan）
他很小就成为“孤儿。
Please cash the cheque for me. (to exchange ... for cash)
请把支票给我兑换成现金。
7. to send or to go by what the noun denotes
Will you please mail the letter？ (to send… by mail)
你送这封信，好吗
8. to fulfill the function of the object denoted by the noun
While he was talking to his secretary he toyed with a pencil. (to play with purposelessly) 他对他的秘书讲话的时候摆弄铅笔。
The child was eyeing the chocolate cake. (to look at with desire)
那个孩子正看那个巧克力蛋糕。
9. to spend time
They wintered in the south.（to spend Winter）
他们在南方过的冬。
They are going to honeymoon in America．（to spend honeymoon）
他们打算去美国度蜜月。
10. to address sb.
Don't sir me so much．（to address sir）
不要这么先生、先生地叫我。
She my-dear-fellowed me all day long.（to address my dear fellow）
她成天叫我老朋友。
11. to force
He silenced their rumor by his report． (to force to stop)
他用他的报告制止了谣言的传播。
Grammar II: will/be going to for future actions ( will & be going to 的区别)
A.will: used to express the simple future tense, but its subject is the third person which is single.
1.The common usage of will: Sub. + will + verb. +…
I will write to him next week.
She will come here tomorrow.
I will have finished the job by that time.
2.The negative of will: Sub. + will + not + verb. +…
I will not go shopping tomorrow.
Our teacher will be quite busy next month。
3.The question form of will: Will + Sub. + verb +…
Will you stay at home with us tomorrow ？
Will Mary come to your birthday party.
4.The special question form of will: What( When, Where, Why, How…) + will + verb +…
Where will you spend the Spring Festival.
When will your father be back
B.be going to与will两者都可表示将要发生的事、将要去做某事，但它们有如下几点区别：
1. be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些，如：
He is going to write a letter tonight.
He will write a book one day.
2.be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。
He is seriously ill. He is going to die.
He will be twenty years old.
3. be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如：
She is going to lend us her book.
He will be here in half an hour.
4. 在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如：
If any beasts comes at you, I’ll stay with you and help you.
5.表示一件无法控制的事情或事件在将来某个时候一定发生或预料会发生用 be going to
Is it going to rain
I’m going to be sick.
She ‘s going to have a baby.
Practice:
I. 翻译练习：
1) We are tabling this matter until further notice.
2) I have long prided myself on being a good teacher.??
3) When you see a police car, don’t floor it.??
4) If He had tried harder, he could have topped his class.
5) When my car broke down, I flagged a police car.
6) Finally, the escaped criminal was cornered.
7) Every ship is required to radio its position.?
8) 父母都在设法弥合与儿女的代沟。(bridge )
9) 对他来说，疏远、冷淡她是很困难的。(distance)
10) 昨天他预定了到南京的机票。(book)
11) 农夫把他的马圈在马厩里。(house)
12) 下学期她将担任数学系主任。(chair)
13) 他不管到哪里，总被人尾随。(dog)
14) 希望陈先生很快能够当上爸爸。(father)
II.选择填空：
1.Mary________ here next month.
A. isn’t working B. doesn’t working
C. isn’t going to work D. won’t working
2. He ________ very busy next week.
A. will be B. is C. will is D. is
3. –________ you ________ free tomorrow
– No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow.
A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will
C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be
4. My mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday.
A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give
5. – Will his parents go to park tomorrow
– No, ________
A. they can’t. B. they won’t .C. they aren’t. D. they don’t.
6. We ________ the work next week.
A. do B. will do . C going to do D. will doing
7. They ________ an English evening next Saturday.
A. are having B. are going to have C. will having D. is going to have
8. She ________ there tomorrow afternoon.
A. will B. is C. will be D. be
9. ________ your brother ________ a book from the library
A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrow
C. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows
10. The man ________ at 11.
A. is going to arrive B. will be arrive C. is going to D. is
11. Dark clouds are gathering. It _____ rain.
A. will B. is going to C. should D. is to
12. My younger sister _____ be 16 years old next year.
A. will B. is going to C. should D. is to
13.----Who is going to clean the blackboard
----- ____________.
A. I’m going to B. I will not C. I want D. I will
14. Hundreds of jobs ______ if the factory closes.
A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lost
15 I’ve won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I ______ my mum.
A. am taking B. have taken C .take D. will have taken
16. Because the shop _____, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.
A. has closed down B. closed down
C. is closing down D. had closed down
17. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ______ advertisements showing happy families.
A. are often seeing B. often see C. will often see D. have often seen
18. -----You’ve left the light on .
------ Oh , so I have . ______ and turn it off.
A. I’ll go B.I have gone C. I go D. I’m going to
19. At this time tomorrow _______ over the Atlantic.
A. we are going to fly B. we will be flying C. we’ll fly D. we’re to fly
20. I think it is your brother who _____ for the broken glass.
A. will be punished B. will punish C. punish D. punishes
21 I _____ go to the bed when the door bell rang.
A. was going to B. was to C. was about to D. would
22. I will wait at the school gate until she _____.
A. comes back B. is coming C. will come back D. come back
23. If he _____ to college, he ____ a lot more.
A. will go; will learn B. will go ; is going to leave
C. goes ; is going to learn D. goes; will learn
24. -----Write to me when you get home.
-------________
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
25. As soon as he comes back, I will tell him when ______ and see him.
A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come
26. Let’s keep to the point or we _____ any decisions.
A. have never reached B. will never reach
C. never reach D. never reached
27.---- Can I join your club, Dad
----You can when you _____ a bit older
A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have get
III.用正确的时态填空：
1) Next month my sister_________ _________(be) seventeen.
2) I _________ _________ _________ _________（see）my grandmother.
3) I ___________ ____________(never) ____________(forget) that day .
4) ___________ you _________(be) busy tonight
5) ______ you ______ ________ ________(have) a meeting today
6) She _____________(not) come here next Sunday.
7) He ________(not) going to buy a dictionary.
Keys:
I. 翻译练习：
1)我们延期讨论这件事，以后再说。
2)我一向以身为一名称职的老师而自豪。
3)当你看到警车时，别开快车。
4)假如他以前用功些，他会在班里名列前茅的。
5)当我的汽车抛锚的时候，我打了个手势招来一辆警车。
6)那名逃犯最终走投无路了。
7)要求每一条船用无线电报告各自所在位置。
8)The parents are trying to bridge the generation gap with their children.
9)It is difficult for him to distance himself from her.
10)Yesterday he booked a flight to Nanjing.
11)The farmer has housed his horse in the barn.
12)She will chair the math department next semester.
13)He was dogged wherever he went.
14)Hopefully, Mr. Chen is going to father a child soon.
II.选择填空：
1—5 CADBB 6—10 BBCBA 11-15 BAABA 16-20CCABA 21-22CA
III.用正确的时态填空：
1will,be 2am,going,to,see 3wil,never,forget 4Will,be 5Are,going,to; have 6won’t 7isn’t)
Grammar and usage
重点语法讲与练：
Grammar I: Nouns used as verbs (名词转化动词)
Summary about the Nouns used as verbs
1. to be, become or to act as the person, animal, or the object denoted by the noun
1) nouns of persons:
She mothered the orphan (act in the manner of a mother)
他慈母般地照顾这个孤儿。
2) nouns of animals:
Mark parroted what the boss had said（to repeat by rote）
鹅鹉学舌般地重复。
He wolfed his meal.（to eat greedily）
他狼吞虎叨地吃饭．
His cat has kittened. (to give birth)
他的猫已下仔儿。
3) nouns without life:
He felt he is being shadowed, but he could not see anyone behind him..(to follow and watch closely esp. secretly)
他觉得他正被人跟踪，但是他看不到身后有任何人。
2. to perform an action by means of the object denoted by the noun
Tom braked the car.．（to mouse to slow or stop by a brake）
汤姆刹了车。
My mother is knifing a piece of meat. (to cut with a knife)
母亲在切一块肉。
His job is to milk the cows. (to take milk from)
他的工作就是挤奶。
3. to put in or on a place, container, or a specified location denoted by the noun
He is busy bottling wine..(to put...in the bottle)
他正忙于把酒装瓶。
They canned apples．（to put in cans）
他把苹果放在了罐子里。
4. to remove the object denoted by the noun from sth.
You should bone a turkey before eating it. (to remove the bones from)
你应该吃火鸡前去骨。
She dusted the furniture with a duster. (to remove dust from)
她用禅子禅掉家具上的灰尘。
5. to give or provide what the noun denotes
The local government sheltered the homeless． (to give shelter to)
当地政府收容无家可归的人。
Pills are sometimes coated with sugar. (to cover with)
有时，药片上包了一层糖衣。
6. to make or change sth. or sb. into what the noun denotes
He was orphaned at an early age.（to cause to be an orphan）
他很小就成为“孤儿。
Please cash the cheque for me. (to exchange ... for cash)
请把支票给我兑换成现金。
7. to send or to go by what the noun denotes
Will you please mail the letter？ (to send… by mail)
你送这封信，好吗
8. to fulfill the function of the object denoted by the noun
While he was talking to his secretary he toyed with a pencil. (to play with purposelessly) 他对他的秘书讲话的时候摆弄铅笔。
The child was eyeing the chocolate cake. (to look at with desire)
那个孩子正看那个巧克力蛋糕。
9. to spend time
They wintered in the south.（to spend Winter）
他们在南方过的冬。
They are going to honeymoon in America．（to spend honeymoon）
他们打算去美国度蜜月。
10. to address sb.
Don't sir me so much．（to address sir）
不要这么先生、先生地叫我。
She my-dear-fellowed me all day long.（to address my dear fellow）
她成天叫我老朋友。
11. to force
He silenced their rumor by his report． (to force to stop)
他用他的报告制止了谣言的传播。
Grammar II: will/be going to for future actions ( will & be going to 的区别)
A.will: used to express the simple future tense, but its subject is the third person which is single.
1.The common usage of will: Sub. + will + verb. +…
I will write to him next week.
She will come here tomorrow.
I will have finished the job by that time.
2.The negative of will: Sub. + will + not + verb. +…
I will not go shopping tomorrow.
Our teacher will be quite busy next month。
3.The question form of will: Will + Sub. + verb +…
Will you stay at home with us tomorrow ？
Will Mary come to your birthday party.
4.The special question form of will: What( When, Where, Why, How…) + will + verb +…
Where will you spend the Spring Festival.
When will your father be back
B.be going to与will两者都可表示将要发生的事、将要去做某事，但它们有如下几点区别：
1. be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些，如：
He is going to write a letter tonight.
He will write a book one day.
2.be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。
He is seriously ill. He is going to die.
He will be twenty years old.
3. be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如：
She is going to lend us her book.
He will be here in half an hour.
4. 在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如：
If any beasts comes at you, I’ll stay with you and help you.
5.表示一件无法控制的事情或事件在将来某个时候一定发生或预料会发生用 be going to
Is it going to rain
I’m going to be sick.
She ‘s going to have a baby.
Practice:
I. 翻译练习：
1) We are tabling this matter until further notice.
2) I have long prided myself on being a good teacher.??
3) When you see a police car, don’t floor it.??
4) If He had tried harder, he could have topped his class.
5) When my car broke down, I flagged a police car.
6) Finally, the escaped criminal was cornered.
7) Every ship is required to radio its position.?
8) 父母都在设法弥合与儿女的代沟。(bridge )
9) 对他来说，疏远、冷淡她是很困难的。(distance)
10) 昨天他预定了到南京的机票。(book)
11) 农夫把他的马圈在马厩里。(house)
12) 下学期她将担任数学系主任。(chair)
13) 他不管到哪里，总被人尾随。(dog)
14) 希望陈先生很快能够当上爸爸。(father)
II.选择填空：
1.Mary________ here next month.
A. isn’t working B. doesn’t working
C. isn’t going to work D. won’t working
2. He ________ very busy next week.
A. will be B. is C. will is D. is
3. –________ you ________ free tomorrow
– No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow.
A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will
C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be
4. My mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday.
A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give
5. – Will his parents go to park tomorrow
– No, ________
A. they can’t. B. they won’t .C. they aren’t. D. they don’t.
6. We ________ the work next week.
A. do B. will do . C going to do D. will doing
7. They ________ an English evening next Saturday.
A. are having B. are going to have C. will having D. is going to have
8. She ________ there tomorrow afternoon.
A. will B. is C. will be D. be
9. ________ your brother ________ a book from the library
A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrow
C. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows
10. The man ________ at 11.
A. is going to arrive B. will be arrive C. is going to D. is
11. Dark clouds are gathering. It _____ rain.
A. will B. is going to C. should D. is to
12. My younger sister _____ be 16 years old next year.
A. will B. is going to C. should D. is to
13.----Who is going to clean the blackboard
----- ____________.
A. I’m going to B. I will not C. I want D. I will
14. Hundreds of jobs ______ if the factory closes.
A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lost
15 I’ve won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I ______ my mum.
A. am taking B. have taken C .take D. will have taken
16. Because the shop _____, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.
A. has closed down B. closed down
C. is closing down D. had closed down
17. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ______ advertisements showing happy families.
A. are often seeing B. often see C. will often see D. have often seen
18. -----You’ve left the light on .
------ Oh , so I have . ______ and turn it off.
A. I’ll go B.I have gone C. I go D. I’m going to
19. At this time tomorrow _______ over the Atlantic.
A. we are going to fly B. we will be flying C. we’ll fly D. we’re to fly
20. I think it is your brother who _____ for the broken glass.
A. will be punished B. will punish C. punish D. punishes
21 I _____ go to the bed when the door bell rang.
A. was going to B. was to C. was about to D. would
22. I will wait at the school gate until she _____.
A. comes back B. is coming C. will come back D. come back
23. If he _____ to college, he ____ a lot more.
A. will go; will learn B. will go ; is going to leave
C. goes ; is going to learn D. goes; will learn
24. -----Write to me when you get home.
-------________
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
25. As soon as he comes back, I will tell him when ______ and see him.
A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come
26. Let’s keep to the point or we _____ any decisions.
A. have never reached B. will never reach
C. never reach D. never reached
27.---- Can I join your club, Dad
----You can when you _____ a bit older
A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have get
III.用正确的时态填空：
1) Next month my sister_________ _________(be) seventeen.
2) I _________ _________ _________ _________（see）my grandmother.
3) I ___________ ____________(never) ____________(forget) that day .
4) ___________ you _________(be) busy tonight
5) ______ you ______ ________ ________(have) a meeting today
6) She _____________(not) come here next Sunday.
7) He ________(not) going to buy a dictionary.
Keys:
I. 翻译练习：
1)我们延期讨论这件事，以后再说。
2)我一向以身为一名称职的老师而自豪。
3)当你看到警车时，别开快车。
4)假如他以前用功些，他会在班里名列前茅的。
5)当我的汽车抛锚的时候，我打了个手势招来一辆警车。
6)那名逃犯最终走投无路了。
7)要求每一条船用无线电报告各自所在位置。
8)The parents are trying to bridge the generation gap with their children.
9)It is difficult for him to distance himself from her.
10)Yesterday he booked a flight to Nanjing.
11)The farmer has housed his horse in the barn.
12)She will chair the math department next semester.
13)He was dogged wherever he went.
14)Hopefully, Mr. Chen is going to father a child soon.
II.选择填空：
1—5 CADBB 6—10 BBCBA 11-15 BAABA 16-20CCABA 21-22CA
III.用正确的时态填空：
1will,be 2am,going,to,see 3wil,never,forget 4Will,be 5Are,going,to; have 6won’t 7isn’t)