北师大版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit10 Connections Lesson1 How Closely Connected Are We 课件共35张PPT)

(共35张PPT)
新北师大版高中英语选择性必修四Unit10 Connections
Lesson1 How Closely Connected Are We
1. How many of you use social media
2. Which social media do you have a personal account
3. How many contacts do you have on social media How many people do you regularly communicate with
Have you heard of the theory “Six Degrees Separation”
(六度分离理论)
Six degrees of separation is a well-known idea that any two people on this planet can be connected via an average number of six steps. Having succeeded in the real world, the theory even directly or indirectly motivated the invention of online societies.
Here is a short video about it.
1.Read the article quickly and find out the main idea.
This article introduces what the theory of “Six Degrees Separation” is and how it develops.
2. Read the first two paragraphs of the article on the theory “Six Degrees of Separation”. What does it mean and who invented this theory
It states that any person on Earth can be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people. The theory was first introduced by Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy, in the early 20th century.
How-
He chose a random sample of people in the middle of America and asked them to _________________to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts.
Who-
______________
In 1967
Findings/Results-
It only took between ______________people to get the parcels delivered.
send packages
five and seven
Examples to prove the theory
Line21: “small-world problem”
Stanley Milgram
3.Read the rest of the article.
How-
They _________ a game, the idea of which was to link any actor to Kevin Bacon through _______________six links.
Who-
Two college students in the United States
In the mid-1990s
Findings/Results-
The game __________________ in universities across the United States.
invented
no more than
was being played
Examples to prove the theory
How-
Columbia University tried to recreate Milgram’s experiment on the Internet. It involved 24, 163 email chains with __________________ in 13 different countries.
Who-
Columbia University
In 2003
Findings/Results-
It ____________ that the average number of links in the chain was ____.
18 target people
confirmed
Examples to prove the theory
six
Line 51: “ Columbia Small-world Project”
In the mid-1990s
How Closely Connected Are We
In 1967
Text builder—How Closely Connected Are We
In 2011
In 2003
Examples to prove the theory
Introduction
Conclusion
The theory “Six Degrees of Separation” was first talked about in the 1920s.
People are closely connected.
A person can be connected to anyone through no more than five other people according to the theory.
Talk about how the theory developed based on your notes.
Frigyes Karinthy
Read the article again. Take turns to explain the “Six Degrees of Separation” theory. Use the diagram to help you.
“Six Degrees of Separation”
What does it mean
When did the term first appear
What happened in the 1950s
What did Stanley Milgram do
How many people did it take for the parcel to reach the right person in Milgram’s experiment
How did it influence the entertainment industry
What is the “Columbia Small-world Project”
What was the result of the University of Milan’s research
Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. Kevin Bacon is a famous Hungarian actor and musician. ( )
2. Stanley Milgram tried to prove the “Six Degrees of Separation” mathematically. ( )
3. Stanley Milgram found a sample of people who he had known before the experiment. ( )
4. The Oscar-winning TV series Babel is based on the concept of “Six Degrees of Separation”. ( )
5. Almost all the characters in Lost had randomly met each other or had met someone the other characters knew before the plane crash. ( )
6. The “Columbia Small-world Project” involved 24, 163 email chains with 18 target people in 15 different countries. ( )
Why does the writer ask the question “How might you be connected to the driver of the bus you regularly take or the person who delivers your parcels ” in the last paragraph
A. To help readers recall the development of “Six Degrees of Separation”.
B. To make readers relate themselves to the theory of “Six Degrees of Separation”.
C. To persuade readers to agree with his / her opinions on “Six Degrees of Separation”
1 Why did Milgram and Columbia University both label their experiments “Small world”
Because they believed that any person on Earth could be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other person. In this sense the world is small.
2 Why do you think people study how people are connected
Probably people want to study the structures of human society, the rules of human social activities, and how people are connected with each other.
Discuss and decide what experiment you can carry out to find out how many degrees of separation there are between people who don’t know each other. Consider:
how many people will participate in the experiment
what will the participants do
how will you find out the results of the experiment
知识点1.(Para1)
Research shows the average person only has regular communication with between seven and fifteen people, and that most of our communication is in fact with five to ten people who are closest to us.
adj. 普通的，平常的；平均的
定语从句
并列的宾语从句引导词that不省略
be close to sb. 与某人亲近的
知识点2.
However, perhaps we are closer to the rest of the world than we think. “Six Degrees of Separation” refers to the theory that any person on earth can be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people.
refer to 指的是；提及；参考
同位语从句
be connected to/with 与……连接；与……有联系
a chain of 一连串，一系列
chain v. (用铁链）拴住，束缚
知识点3.(Para2)
The concept was first talked about as long as in the 1920s. The Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy published a book called Everything Is Different in 1929, in which he introduced the idea of friendship networks
匈牙利的
过去分词V-ed作后置定语
非限制性定语从句
知识点4.
and his ideas influenced many of our early impressions of social networks.
make/leave a good impression on sb. 给某人留下好印象
知识点5. (Para3)
In the 1950s, an attempt was made by two scientists to prove the theory mathematically；but after twenty years, they had still not had any success.
make an attempt (to do) 尝试做某事
数学上地
知识点6.
In 1967, an American sociologist called Stanley Milgram tried using a new method to test the theory, which he called the “small-world problem”.
非限制性定语从句
try doing sth. 试着做某事
try to do sth. 努力做某事
知识点7.
He chose a random sample of people in the middle of America and asked them to send packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts. The people sending the packages only knew the name, job and
general location of the stranger.
adj. 随机的
现在分词V-ed作后置定语
at random= randomly 随机地
知识点8.
Milgram told them to send the package to a person they knew personally who they thought might know the target stranger.
定语从句
知识点9.
Once the parcel had been received by this person, he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person.
deliver sth. to sb. 把……递送给某人
= ~ sb. sth.
知识点10.
Amazingly, it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered, and once released, the
results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today. It was this research that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”.
令人吃惊的是
get sth. done 使某物被……
过去分词作状语，表被动
强调句It is/was ...that...
知识点11.(Para4)
In the last few decades, the theory and the phrase have appeared again. Its name was used as the title of a play and then a film. Then, more films and TV programes based on the concept were made and broadcast.
现在完成时标志
be based on 基于……
过去分词V-ed作后置定语
知识点12.
For example, the Oscar-winning film Babel is based on the concept of “Six Degrees of Separation”. The lives of all the characters were closely connected, although they did not know each other and lived thousands of miles apart.
live apart 分开住
知识点13.
The television series Lost also explored the idea of “Six Degrees of Separation”, as almost all the character had randomly met each other, or had met someone the other characters knew, before they were all in the same plane crash.
过去完成时had done标志
飞机坠毁
crash (v.) into sb./sth. 碰撞
随机地
知识点14.
In the mid-1990s, two college students in the United States invented a game. The idea of the game was to link any actor to Kevin Bacon, a famous American actor and musician, through no more six links. Soon the game was being played in universities across the United States.
to do作表语
link....to/with...把……和……联系起来
知识点15. (Para5)
In 2001, Columbia University tried to recreate Milgram’s experiment on the Internet. This became known as the “Columbia Small-world Project”. The experiment involved 24,163 email chains with 18 target people in 13 different countries.
vt. 包含，涉及，使参与
知识点16.
The result confirmed that the average number of links in the chain was six.
证实 comfirm that+ Cl.
知识点17.(Para6)
More recently, an experiment in 2011 at the University of Milan analysed the relationship between 721 million social media users and found that 92 percent were conncected by only four stages, or five degrees of separation.
近期，最近
analyse/~ze v. 分析
analysis n. [pl.] analyses
an analysis of... 对……的分析
知识点18.
So, think about it for a minute: How might you be connected to the driver of the bus you regularly take or the person who delivers your parcels
定语从句
Search online and find details about the “small-world problem”, “Columbia Small-world Project” or other experiments related to the theory. Write a short report on your findings.