Unit 5 lesson 1 words and expressions 课件（新人教版必修第一册）

(共45张PPT)
Unit 5
words and expressions
Unit5 Languages Around The World
1.billion / b lj n / n. 十亿→billionaire n. 亿万富翁
How many billion people speak the UN' s official languages as their native or second language
有几亿人把联合国的官方语言作为他们的母语或第二门语言？
They have spent billions of dollars on the problem .
他们花了几十亿美元解决这个问题。
billions of 几十亿，数以十亿计
4 billion 四十亿
扩展：million—milli(mile)+on ----millionaire
Unit5 Languages Around The World
1.The stars must have formed ________________ years ago.
这些恒星一定形成于100亿至150亿年前。
2.The Galaxy consists of ____________ stars.
银河系由1千亿颗恒星组成。
3.Our immune systems are killing ____________germs right now.
我们的免疫系统正在杀死数以十亿计的细菌。
10 to 15 billion
100 billion
billions of
【学以致用】
2.native / ne t v /adj. 出生地的；本地的；土著的 n.本地人 nat(birth)+ive
Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.
以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲不是同一种英语，他们也能彼此听懂。
China is our native country, and Chinese is our native language.
中国是我们的祖国，汉语是我们的母语。
be native to 原产于…
be a native of 生于……的人；原产于……的动植物
The giant panda is native ________ China.
Her uncle is a native ________ Shanghai.
to
of
【学以致用】
3.attitude / t tju:d n. 态度；看法 att=apt(适应；适合）+i + tude(n)
What is the attitude of the speaker towards foreign language learning
Beauty is an attitude. It has nothing to do with age.
a positive /negative /firm attitude 积极/消极/坚定的态度
an attitude to/towards 对……的态度
have/take/adopt an attitude to/towards 对……持某种态度
an attitude of mind 心态
Unit5 Languages Around The World
【学以致用】
1.As the saying goes， determines altitude.
俗话说，态度决定高度。
2.Only when you take a positive attitude __________ the project will you enjoy the whole process.
3.Youth is ________ attitude of mind.
attitude
to/ towards
an
attitude容易和 altitude(n.海拔，高处)混淆，
其他以后缀-itude结尾的词还有：
longitude (n. 经度)
latitude (n. 纬度)
gratitude （n. 感激之情，感谢）
magnitude (n. 巨大，重大)
4.reference / refr ns / n. 提及；查阅；参考
She made no reference to her illness but only to her future plans.
她没有提到她的病，只说了她未来的计划。
5.refer/ r f :(r) / (referred , referred , referring)
vi. 提到；参考；查阅
refer to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅
refer to …as... 称…是…, 认为…是…
refer to a book 参考一本书
refer to/turn to/consult the dictionary 查词典
扩展： offer; infer; prefer; conference; differ; transfer
suffer; preference; reference
[活学巧用]　语境辨义/单句语法填空
①Since the boy has been punished，please don’t refer to that matter again. ____________
②If you don’t know the exact meaning of the word, you may refer to the dictionary. ____________
③When I said some people were stupid I wasn’t referring to you.____________
④They always refer to the shy teenager ____________ a book worm.
⑤Here is a brochure for your ____________(refer) when you answer the phones.
提到
查阅
指的是
as
reference
7.system / s st m / n.体系；制度；系统—sist+em
THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM: CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENT
汉语书写系统：连接过去和现在
solar system 太阳系
a transport system 运输系统
As the public transport system can't satisfy people's needs, many people turn to private cars.
因为公共交通系统不能满足人们的需求，许多人转向了私家车
扩展：sta/ stat/ stit/sist: 站立 stay 暂住；停留 stage—舞台/阶段；stable 稳定的; establish v 建立 distant/distance; state状态/国家/州station ；statue 雕像 status 地位/情形
8.despite / d spa t / prep. 即使；尽管==in spite of
【学法点拨】
despite + v.-ing（√） despite + what 从句（√）
despite the fact + that 从句（√） despite + that 从句（×）
Trouble can arise despite forming a good relationship.
尽管建立了很好的关系，问题还是会出现。
She was good at physics despite the fact that she found it boring.
尽管她认为物理枯燥无味，她却学得很好。
9.ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
When life gets hard and you want to give up, remember that life is full of ups and downs, and without the downs, the ups would mean nothing.
当生活很艰难，你想要放弃的时候，请记住，生活充满了起起落落，如果没有低谷，那站在高处也失去了意义。
Unit5 Languages Around The World
10. factor / f kt (r)/ n. 因素；要素---fact(do)+or—起作用的东西
There are many reasons why this has been possible but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system .
这种可能是有很多原因的，但主要因素之一是汉语书写系统。
11.based /beist/ adj. 以（某事）为基础的； 以……为重要部分（或特征）的
At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language.
起初，书面汉语是一种以图画为基础的语言。
12.base /be s/ vt. 以...为据点;以....为基础 n. 底部,根据 ,基础
→based adj.以（某事）为基础的
→basic adj. 基本的，基础的；初级的；必需的
→ basically adv. 基本上；从根本上说
at the base of... 在……底部
base... on/upon... =be based on 以……为基础 / 根据
At the base of the pine tree was a nest containing four eggs.
在松树底下有一个窝，里面有四个鸡蛋。
Our opinion is based on facts.
我们的观点是以事实为基础的。
（1）［2019·北京卷］A lot of business is still done over the phone，and much of it is based ________ trust and existing relationships.
许多业务仍然是通过电话完成的，其中很多是基于信任和现有关系。
（2）They settled down ________ the base of the mountain.
（3）The research group produced two reports ________（base）on the survey，but neither contained any useful suggestions.
研究小组根据这项调查提出了两份报告，但都没有提出任何有用的建议。
（4）These programmes are __________（basic）bad television programmes，but people watch them.
（5） His first book to be published next month ________________（以……为基础）a true story.
【学以致用】
on
at
based
basically
is based on
13.date back to ... 追溯到 （= date from…）
It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu ...
它可以追溯到数千年前龙骨的使用... ... （P62）
【注意】
date back to ... / date from… 不用于进行时，也不用于被动语态中，但可以用现在分词形式作定语。
My family has a vase dating back to the Ming Dynasty.
我家有个花瓶是从明代传下来的。
Cambridge dating back to the 13th century is the university in Britain which many students dream about.
剑桥大学建于13 世纪，是许多学生梦寐以求的英国大学。
Unit5 Languages Around The World
14.bone / b n / n. 骨头；骨（质 ）
...animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.
中国古代人在动物骨骼和贝壳上雕刻符号。
15.shell / el / n.壳；壳状物
We collected shells on the beach.
同原词：shield 盾； shelter 避难所 v庇护
16. symbol / s mbl / n. 符号；象征 sym(=same)+bol(ball)扔---共同抛出的标志
By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols had become a well-developed writing system .
到商朝，这些符号已经成为一个完善的书写体系。
symbolise /'s mb la z/ vt. 象征，作为…的象征
Many Chinese characters symbolise their meaning.
许多汉字象征着它们的意义。
a symbol of …的象征
a chemical symbol 化学符号
symbolic adj. 象征性的
ballroom 舞厅 ；ballet 芭蕾；balloon; bullet symbol
17.carve / kɑ:v / vt. & vi 雕刻
The wood had been carved into the shape of a flower.
carve 同源词根 graph; scribe
photograph ;telegraph; describe/description; subscribe(订阅；订购）；prescribe/prescription
Manuscript n.手抄本；原稿； scribble v 乱写 curve n 曲线 v.弯曲 adj 弯曲的
18.dynasty 王朝；朝代—dyn=power dynast(希腊）君主
By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols had become a well-developed writing system .
到商朝，这些符号已经成为一个完善的书写体系。
19.variety /v ra t / n. (植物、语言等的）变体,多样化,多样,种类,变化
→ varieties
→various adj.各种各样的,不同的
→vary v. 改变,变化（拉丁-vario 改变）
...it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
...那是一个中国人在地理上是分裂时期，导致了多种方言和文字。
【词汇拓展】
a variety of = varieties of = various 种类繁多的；各种各样的
for various reason 由于种种原因
vary from…to… 从…到…不等
【学以致用】
a variety of = varieties of = various 种类繁多的；各种各样的(作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式)
for various reason 由于种种原因
vary from…to… 从…到…不等
有种类繁多的图案可供选择。(pattern)
1.There are a variety of patterns to choose from.
他的不同种类的书已经被出版，他的作品的多样化是令人惊讶的。
2.A variety of his books have been published and the variety of his writings is surprising.
他总是由于种种原因迟到。
3.He is always coming late for class for various reasons.
20. major / me d (r) / maj(great) /may/magn 扩展： mayor ; magnitude ; master; maximum；majority；magnificent adj 宏伟的；majesty 陛下；威严 mister/mistress (Mr/Mrs)
adj.主要的；重要的；大的
Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country.
秦始皇将七个主要国家统一为一个统一的国家。
n.主修科目；
Whether they are interested is the main concern of students when they choose a major
学生在选择专业时，是否感兴趣是他们最关心的事。
vi.主修；专门研究
major in 主修……学科
majority / m d r ti/ n. 多数；大部分 minority /ma n r ti/ n.少数
the majority of 大多数
be in the majority 占大多数
The majority of people prefer TV to radio
【学以致用】
1.Li Ming wants to major in physics at college.
2.One-third of the country is covered with trees and the majority of the citizens are natives.
3. The student , (major) in economics at college , made a comment on this matter .
4. She ( major ) in management . That is , her major is management .
majoring
majors
21.no matter where, who, what, etc. 不论……；不管……
Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.
即使是今天，无论中国人住在哪里, 说什么方言，他们都能通过书写（文字）进行交流。
【用法讲解】
“no matter+疑问词” 引导让步状语从句，意为“不管……，无论……”。可置于句首、句中和句尾 。
1. No matter what happened, he would not mind.
无论发生了什么事情，他都不会介意的。
2.When anyone does something for you, no matter how small and
no matter whether he's a superior or servant, it's proper to say “Thank you”.
只要任何人替你做了一件事，不管事情多么微不足道，也不管他是你的上司还是你的仆人，你都应该说声“谢谢”。
【学以致用】
22. dialect /'da lekt/ n. 地方话；方言
When people use words and expressions different from “ standard language”, it is called a dialect.
当人们使用不同于“标准语言”的词语和表达时，那就叫做方言。
I can fluently speak different dialects of Chinese.
我可以流利地讲不同的中国方言。
dia(在…之间）+lect(说）---在一部分人之间说---方言 ；lect/lig/leg/ 1.选择 2.说
扩展：dialogue—dia+log(说）n.对话 ；lecture; legend; legible a.可读的
collect; select; elect; intelligent(inter+lig+ent); neglect(neg-no) +lect)
23.means /mi:nz/ n.方式；方法；途径(单复数同形)
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past.
书面汉语也已成为一种把中国的现在与过去联系起来的一个重要的手段。（P62）
by this means 通过这种方式
by means of 依靠……方法，借助……手段
by no means 一点儿也不，决不（置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装）
He is by no means a brave person
他绝对不是一个勇敢的人。---By no means is he a brave person.
We shall solve this problem by means of law and education.
我们用法律和教育这两个手段来解决这个问题。
24. classic / kl s k /
adj.经典的；极优秀的；一流的
People in modem times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times.
现代人可以阅读古代中国人写的经典作品。
It is a classic style of Chinese buildings. 这是中式建筑典型风格。
n. 经典作品；名著
As I grow older, I like to read the classics.
随着年龄渐长，我喜欢读经典著作。
Hong Lou Meng is my favorite literature classic .
《红楼梦》是我最喜爱的文学名著。
扩展：class(分类）+ic 一流的；经典的 ；classical 古典的；传统的
classify v.将…分类 classification n class+ i+ fic+ at+ion 分类
25.regard / r gɑ:d /
n. 尊重；关注 ； 问候（尤用于信中表示问好）
The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters …
对汉语书写系统的高度重视从汉字的发展可以看出
have high/no regard for 高度关注/无视
He has no regard for anyone's feelings. 他不顾及别人的感受。
vt. 把... 视为；看待----re(回）+gard (看） v.认为；看作
Her work is very highly regarded.
regard … as … 将……认为；把……视为
He regarded me as his friend.
English has hurt me a thousand times, but I still regard it as my first love.
英语伤我千百遍，我待英语如初恋。
26.character /‘k r kt (r)/ n. 角色,品质,特点→char=car/cur(雕刻）+acter 雕刻出来的---
characteristics n.(人或物的）特征；特性
characteristic adj. 显著的,特有的
Chinese characters 汉字（P62）
Snow White is one of the most famous Disneyland cartoon characters.
白雪公主是最著名的迪士尼卡通人物之一。
learn Chinese characters 学习汉字
a major/minor character in the book 书中的主要/ 次要人物
have a strong/weak character 性格强/ 软弱
the character of the nearby area 附近地区的特色
27.calligraphy / k l ɡr fi / n. 书法；书法艺术—calli（kallos希）美丽的+graphy; kaleidoscope—kal(beautiful)+eidos(形状）+scope (看）n.万花筒
…known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.
……被人们所熟知的中国书法已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。
28.global /'gl b l/ adj. 全球的；全世界的
As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language.
随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。
【词汇拓展】
globe / gl b / n. 球体；地球仪；地球
Seventy percent of our globe's surface is water.
地球表面70%的地方覆盖着水。
29.affair / fe (r) / n.公共事务[复数]；事件；关系 –af+ fair(fact)事；事情；事件
global affairs 全球事务 personal affairs
have an affair with sb 有一腿（私通）
30.appreciate / ‘pri: ie t / vt. 欣赏,；,感激,vi. 增值—ap+prec(pric)+i+ate 给以价值
→appreciation n.欣赏，感激 →appreciative adj. 欣赏的，感激的
Appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language.
通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。
Learning Chinese calligraphy will increase your appreciation of Chinese culture.
学习中国书法将增加你对中国文化的鉴赏力
appreciate (one’s) doing sth. 感激（某人）做某事
He would much appreciate your doing him that favor.
如果你能帮他这个忙，他会非常感激的。
I would appreciate it if… 如果……我将不胜感激
I’d appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
如果你能提前让我知道你是否来，我将感激不尽。
They believe that houses will appreciate in value.
他们相信房子会升值。
31.specific /sp s f k/ adj. 特有的；特定的；具体的
Scanning is looking at the text quickly to find specific information such as dates or numbers.
浏览是快速看课文以找到特定的信息，如日期或数字。
扩展：spek----scop-; spec; spy (观看；观察）
telescope; species-spec (外观）+i+es(us)---种类；物种 ； aspect; expect; inspect; respect ; suspect; prospect(v.勘探；n.前景）；despite; special/specialist/speciality/specialize ; specify/ specification/specific
spy
32. CE / si: i:/ (CommonEra) 公元
33. struggle / str gl/ n.&vi.斗争；搏斗;挣扎（激烈或时间持续长的战斗或奋斗
n. 斗争；奋斗；努力；难事
When I started studying German , it was a struggle.
当我开始学习德语时，那是一件很难的事。（P64）
vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗；努力
struggle for 为……而奋斗
struggle with/against 与……作斗争
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
（1）［2019·江苏卷］He struggled __________（explain）what he heard in his head.
（2） It was ________ struggle for the poor family to earn a living on the little farm.
（3） The country is struggling ________ peace.
（4） Dina，________________（struggle）for months to find a job as a waitress，finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
完成句子
（5） Man ________________________________（ 一直与……作斗争）nature.
（6） Though he was badly injured，he ________________________（挣扎着站了起来）.
【学以致用】
to explain
a
for
having struggled
has been struggling with/against
struggled to his feet
34.tongue / t / n. 舌头；语言
The words felt strange on my tongue. 在我的舌头上，单词感觉很奇怪。（P64）
35. point of view观点；看法
I could see the world from a different point of view. 我可以从不同的角度看世界。
from one’s point of view 依照某人的观点，在某人看来
=in one’s view
=as far as I am concerned
36. semester / s mest (r) / n.学期（AmrE)=term (来自德语）
I plan to take chemistry this semester. 这学期我准备选修化学。
37. petrol /‘petr l/ n. (NAmE gas ) 汽油 –petro(岩石)+oil
38.subway /'s bwe / n.(BrE underground ) 地铁 sub—subhealth; suburb;(urban)
ride/take the subway 乘地铁
by subway乘地铁；从地下通道
39.apartment / 'pɑ:tm nt/ n.（especially NAmE） 公寓套房（=flat）
40.pants / p nts / n. [pl.] (BrE ）内裤；短裤；(especially NAmE )裤子
I really need to buy some pants. 我真的需要买些裤子。（P65）
In British English, the word “pants” means underwear.
在英国英语中,“pants”一词是指内裤。(P65)
41.beg /beg/ vt. 恳求；祈求；哀求
I beg your pardon. 对不起。（P65）
beg for sth.乞求某物
beg sb to do sth. 乞求某人做某事
42.equal /‘i:kw l /--equ(=)+al 扩展：equality; equator;
n.同等的人；相等物
adj. 相同的；同样的→unequal / n i:kw l/ adj. 不平等的; 不相等的; 不胜任的
vt. 等于; 和……相等；比得上
→equality/i kw l ti/ n. 平等，同等
→ equally adv. 相等地，同样地，均等地→ unequally adv. 不公平地；不相等地
n.同等的人；相等物
…our relationship is close and we're equals …
…我们的关系很亲密，我们是平等的人…（P66）
adj. 相同的；同样的
be equal to sth./doing 与……相等/能胜任……（to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词）
be equal in sth．在某方面相等
vt. 等于; 和……相等；比得上 A equals B in sth. A 在某方面比得上B
Four plus four equals eight．
（1）I don’t think Jim is equal to transporting these valuable goods.
我认为吉姆不能胜任运输这些贵重货物的工作。
（2） None of us can equal her，either in beauty or as a dancer.
（3） The island is equally attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.
这个岛在春天和秋天同样吸引人，因为这两个季节的天气都很宜人。
（4） The good thing about her as a boss is that she treats us all as equal.
她作为老板的优点是她对我们大家都是平等的。
（5） It’s a challenging job but I’m sure you’ll be equal to it.
这项工作很有挑战性，但是我相信你最终有能力完成它。
【学以致用】
be equal to sth./doing 与……相等/能胜任……
be equal in sth．在某方面相等
A equals B in sth. A 在某方面比得上B
43.gap /g p/ n.间隔；开口；差距
I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us.
我只需要几句话就可以弥合我们之间的差距。（P66）
44.vocabulary / v ‘k bj l r ; NAmE –leri / n.(C/U) 词汇---voc (声音；叫喊）--voice
For me , vocabulary is my biggest problem.
对我来说，词汇是我最大的问题。（P66）
He has a poor vocabulary , so he can't express himself correctly.
他的词汇量很少，因此无法准确表达自己的想法。
45.demand/ d mɑ:nd /
n.要求；需求
I must make it a question , not a demand.
我必须把它作为一个问题，而不是要求。（P66）
in demand有需求
Good teachers are always in demand.
meet/satisfy one’s demands 满足某人的要求
vt. 强烈要求；需要
demand to do sth. 要求做某事
demand that + 主语+ （should）+ 动词原形 要求……
The workers demanded that they (should) get better pay and conditions.
vi.查问
“Who are you ” he demanded angrily.
“你到底是谁？”他气势汹汹地查问道。
in demand有需求
meet/satisfy one’s demands 满足某人的要求
demand to do sth. 要求做某事
demand that + 主语+ （should）+ 动词原形 要求……
（1） The Harry Potter books are quite popular；they are
（2）We just can’t find good enough second-hand cars to ____________________________ （满足我们的要求）.
（3）He demanded everything.
=He demanded everything. 他要求将一切都告诉他。
（4）It was an unusually hot summer and air-conditioners were .
那年夏天异常热，空调需求量很大。
in great demand
to be told
that he（should）be told
in great demand
satisfy/meet our demands
46.description /d skr p n/ n.描写（文字）；形容
→describe v. 描写，描述，形容
→descriptive adj. 描写的，叙述的
Does the writer give a clear description of the problem 作者是否清楚地描述了这个问题？（P67）
beyond description 无法形容；难以描述
give a detailed/general/brief description of 对……作详尽的 / 概括性的 / 简短的描述
（1） He gave me a detailed ___________（describe）of how he managed to get the information.
（2） It was a tiny little house，but everything in it was so clean，neat and elegant that it is _________ description.
完成句子
（3） She ____________________________（对……作了简短的描述） the amazing classroom.
description
beyond
gave a brief description of
47.relate / r le t /vt. 联系；讲述 –re+late (携带；拿取） translate
→related adj. 相关的；有（亲属）关系的
→relation n. 关系；亲属
→ relationship /r 'le n p/ n.关系；联系
Does each sentence relate to the main idea 每个句子都与主旨有关吗？（P67）
48. relate to涉及；相关；谈到
relate...to... 把……和……联系起来
be related to 与……有关/ 有联系
relate sth. to sb. 向某人讲述某事
【词汇拓展】
Unit5 Languages Around The World
（1） It is said that this festival is related ________a legend（传说）.
（2） I found it difficult ________（relate）the two ideas in my mind.
（3） Old Henry suffers from memory loss ________（ relate）to his disease.
（4） The study found a direct ________（relate）between smoking and lung cancer.
完成句子
（5） Theory should _________________（与……紧密联系） practice.
to
【学以致用】
relate to涉及；相关；谈到
relate...to... 把……和……联系起来
be related to 与……有关/ 有联系
relate sth. to sb. 向某人讲述某事
to relate
related
relation
be closely related to
Unit5 Languages Around The World
（1） It is said that this festival is related ________a legend（传说）.
（2） I found it difficult ________（relate）the two ideas in my mind.
（3） Old Henry suffers from memory loss ________（ relate）to his disease.
（4） The study found a direct ________（relate）between smoking and lung cancer.
（5） Theory should _________________（与……紧密联系） practice.
to
【学以致用】
relate to涉及；相关；谈到
relate...to... 把……和……联系起来
be related to 与……有关/ 有联系
relate sth. to sb. 向某人讲述某事
to relate
related
relation
be closely related to
relate v .
The report related high wages to labour shortages ．
这份报告把高薪与劳动力短缺联系在一起了。
We shall discuss the problem as it relates to our interests ．
我们将要讨论这个问题，因为它涉及我们的利益。
The culture that he describes is so different from mine that I sometimes find it hard to relate to
．他所描述的那种文化和我所在的文化如此不同，以至于有时我觉得很难理解。