Unit w lesson 4 Discovering Useful Structures课件（新人教版必修第一册）

(共29张PPT)
B1 Welcome Unit
Discovering Useful Structures
句子成分
主语S
(subject)
谓语V
(verb)
表语P
(predicative)
宾语O
(object)
定语
(attribute)
状语A
(adverbial)
宾补C
(object complement)
We made him our monitor yesterday.
Sally is a hard-working girl.
表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”
Gina is from Australia.
She often goes to the movies.
Three is enough.
Doing the work is hard for him.
To see is to believe.
What he needs is a book.
-名词
-代词
-数词
-动名词
-不定式
-主语从句
主语
S (subject)
说明主语“做什么” 或“怎么样”, 谓语通常是动词。
谓语
V (verb)
2、复合谓语：
a.由情态动词+动词原形或其他助动词加动词某种形式构成。
He can speak English.
b.助动词：帮助构成时态和语态，不同时态有不同的助动词,
后加动词的某种形式构成谓语。
They are talking about something.
I have seen the film before.
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
He practices running every morning.
1.They saw an exhibition yesterday.
2. How many dictionaries do you have I have five.
3. She wants to join the club.
4. I enjoyed listening to popular music.
5. I think he is fit for his office.
6. People find it important to get a good education.
7. He told us a story.
3. Underline the objects.
名词
数词
动词不定式
动名词
宾语从句
形式宾语
间接宾语
直接宾语
宾语：动作的对象、承受者。
在动词后方所跟的双宾语中，表示物的叫做直接宾语direct object（简称“直宾”），
表示人的叫做间接宾语(indirect object)。
He read us the text. → He read the text to us.
My sister wrote me a letter. → My sister wrote a letter to me.
Henry teaches us English. → Henry teaches English to us.
My mother bought me a watch. → My mother bought a watch for me.
Her mother made her a cake. → Her mother made a cake for her.
直接宾语 direct object
间接宾语indirect object
双宾语
人是间接宾语，物是直接宾语
双宾语：IO +DO
用来补充说明宾语的情况
网
宾语补足语
object
complement
英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语的后面加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”称为复合宾语。做宾补的可以是 adj , adv, 分词，不定式，介词短语等
1. We called him Dongming.
2. We saw him playing soccer.
3. I saw him in
4. We found math difficult.
（名词）
(现在分词)
(副词)
(形容词)
说明主语“是什么”,“怎么样” 位于系动词之后
Her mother is a teacher.
I am ten.
He became rich and successful.
Everyone is here.
They are at home now.
My job is to teach them English.
表 语
predicative
（名词）
（数词）
（形容词）
（副词）
（介词短语）
（不定式）
修饰动词、说明时间、方式、原因、频率、程度、地点、伴随、目的等。
网
状 语
Adverbial
1. Tom runs quickly.
2. I get up at six every day.
3. I play soccer very well.
4. In the classroom, the boy needs a pen.
5. Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen.
6. He got up early to catch the first bus .
是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。如：
This is a red sun.
The boy who is reading is my classmate.
定语
attribute
同位语
appositive
由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构，其中前项与后项所指相同，句法功能也相同，后项是前项的同位语其中常用‘,’连接。
Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.
Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother’s.
Are there any basic sentence structures in English
S+V (S+V+A)
S+V+O (S+V+O+A)
S+P
S+V+IO+DO
S+V+O+C
There be...
我们都笑了
All of us laughed
鸟儿飞
Birds fly
小狗跑
The dog runs
我们都大声地笑了
All of us laughed out loud
鸟儿向南飞
Birds fly to the south
小狗跑得像一只兔子
The dog runs like a rabbit
Subject + Verb + Adverbial
Subject + Verb
adverbial 状语
adverb 副词
S V O
我 想念 我奶奶。
I miss my grandma.
他 能开 车。
He can drive a car.
他 买了 一栋房子。
He bought a house.
Subject + Verb + Object
Subject + Verb + Object + Adverbial
S V O A
我 非常想念 我奶奶。
I miss my grandma very much.
他 在这副眼镜的帮助下能开 车。
He can drive a car with the help of this pair of glasses.
他 30岁的时候买了 一栋房子。
He bought a house when he was 30.
Subject + V + Indirect Object + Direct Object
S V IO DO
他 告诉了 我们 一个有趣的故事。
He told us a funny story.
我 已经寄给 他 一些钱。
I have sent him some money.
他们 带给 我 许多书。
They brought me a lot of books.
Subject + Verb + Object + Object Complement
S V O OC
我 发觉 我的大多数同学和老师 很友好、乐于助人。
I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.
人们 叫 他 傻瓜。
People called him a fool.
我 看见 他 正躺在地上。
I saw him lying on the ground.
Subject + Predicate (link-verb + predicative)
这位老师善良、友好。
The teacher was kind and friendly.
这辆车很贵。
The car is expensive.
这种咖啡味道苦。
This coffee tastes bitter.
predicate 谓语
predicative 表语
n./pron.+link-v.+ adj./prep. phrase.
状态系动词：用来表示主语状态，e.g： be动词
感官系动词：用于表示感官的感受，主要有feel, smell, sound, taste等。
Subject + Predicate (link-verb + predicative)
我儿子成了大学生。
My son became a college student.
她看着挺好的。
She looks fine.
火车票价保持不变。
Train fares remain unchanged.
表像系动词：用来表示“看起来像”这样的意思，主要有seem, appear, look等
n./pron.+link-v.+ adj./prep. phrase./n.
持续系动词：用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand
变化系动词：用于表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run等
Subject + Predicate (link-verb + predicative)
这篇文章证明很有用。
The article has proved most useful.
结果是这场考试相当容易。
The examination turned out quite easy.
n./pron.+link-v.+ adj./prep. phrase./n.
终止系动词：用于表示“证实，结果是”等意思，主要有prove，turn out等
There be + Subject
高中有很多可以探索的东西。
There’s a lot to explore at senior high.
楼上有一家很好的餐馆。
There is a good restaurant on the upper floor.
公园里有很多花。
There are many flowers in the park.
there be 有 (存在)
have 有 (拥有)
There be + n./pron.
S
V
A
S
V
S
P
S
V
O
C
S
V
IO
DO
You try！
1. The 100-year-old school lies in the center of the city.
2. We must act.
3. The maths homework looks easy.
4. The teacher found the classroom empty.
5. My mum bought me a new dictionary.
S
V
O
V
S
A
S
V
O
A
You try！
6. Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student.
7. There is an English Corner at our school.
8. We had chemistry in the newly built lab.
Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship.
Tim writes his parents an email every week
S 主语
V 谓语
IO 间宾
DO 直宾
V 谓语
IO 间宾
DO 直宾
A 状语
and tells them what happened on the ship.
分析句子成分：
Step 5 ：Practice课堂练习
The plane has landed.
Everyone in the team exchanged cell phone numbers.
The cake tastes sweet.
My father bought me a computer.
He found the homework easy.
The baby slept peacefully.
She responded to my letter quickly.
There is a big tree.
斜靠在沙发上，没有血色的嘴唇上叼着一只不知在什么时候就早已熄灭了的雪茄烟，一夜没睡的困倦的他目光呆滞地借助一盏时明时暗的摇曳的残破油灯绝望地在无精打采地看着一本发黄了的、却保存得颇为完整的现在市面很难买到的名叫《准备考试的你能看得懂这句不但无聊且无耻之极的话吗？》的书。
他 看 书。
主干
修饰
+
S
V
O
P
C
A
A
主语subject
句子的主干 谓语verb/predicate
宾语object
定语attribute
修饰
状语adverbial
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