Unit 4 lesson 1 Words & Expressions课件（新人教版必修第一册）

(共42张PPT)
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Vocabulary
1.disaster—dis(偏离）+aster(star) n.[C]&[U]灾难;不幸;
同义词：catastrophe –cata(向下）+astro(star)+phe
disastrous adj. 毁灭性的 catastrophic adj.
a natural disaster/an air disaster
disaster relief 赈灾
扩展：astronaut—astro(星星）+naut(水手）
astronomy---astro +nom(规则）---天文学
astronomer n. 天文学家 astrology n 占星术
2.tornado /t : ne d / n.
n. 龙卷风；旋风
The tornado killed dozens of lives.
那场龙卷风夺去了几十条人命。
3. drought / dra t / n.
旱灾;干旱
dry a.干燥的—— drought n.干旱
high a.高的—— height n.高度
see vt.看见—— sight n.视野
think vi.想—— thought n.想法
The ground is as hard as stone after the drought.
长期干旱后土地硬得就像石头一样。
In fact， many food crops failed because of the drought.
实际上，因为干旱，很多粮食作物歉收。
4.slide / sla d / vi. & vt. ( )
(使)滑行；滑动 slid, slid
We slid on the ice.
我们在冰上滑行。
The door slid open.
门慢慢开了。
She slid the door open.
她滑开了门。
slide into (使)滑入; 溜进
The thief slid into the room.
小偷悄悄溜进房间。
It seemed possible that the US and China could slide into some form of trade war.
有可能中国和美国会陷入某种形式的贸易战。
landslide /'l ndsla d/n. (landfall)
山体滑坡
The village was destroyed by a landslide.
滑坡摧毀了村庄。
The heavy rain caused the landslide.
大雨引起山体滑坡
5.tsunami /tsu:'nɑ:mi / n.
海啸
Large earthquakes can cause powerful tsunamis.
大地震可以引起强烈的海啸。
6.flood / fl d /
n.洪水；大量 vt. 淹没；灌满 ; vi.泛滥；大量涌入
The heavy rain has caused floods in many parts of the country. 大雨使全国许多地方泛滥成灾。
More than 70 people were killed in the flood.
70 多人因洪灾丧生。
He received a flood of thank-you letters.
他收到大量感谢信件。
The heavy rain flood the village. 大雨淹没了这个村庄。
The afternoon light flooded the little rooms
午后的阳光洒满一间间小屋。
Water flooded in through the back door. 水从后门涌了进来。
Telephone calls flooded in from all over the country.
全国各地的电话像潮水般打来。
7.erupt / r pt / vi.& vt.---e+rupt(打破；破裂）---爆发；喷发
The couple volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.
An active volcano may erupt at any time.
A fight has erupted outside the restaurant.
eruption / 'r p n/ n.爆发
The eruption of the volcano destroyed many villages.
火山爆发破坏了很多村庄。
Volcanic eruption is the most terrible natural disasters on earth.
火山喷发是地球上最可怕的自然灾害之一。
扩展：disrupt-dis+rupt v 扰乱 bankrupt adj/v
interrupt v. corrupt adj/v 腐败的
8.magnitude / m gn tju:d / n.
震级；量级 magnificent 宏伟壮观的
The Wenchuan earthquake had a magnitude of 8.0. 汶川地震的震级为8.0 级。
We did not realize the magnitude of the problem.
我们没有意识到这个问题的重要性。
9.rescue n 营救、救援 vt .营救、救援
rescuer:救助者
recue......from.....从....营救........
We have given up the hope of rescue.
We rescued him from the enemy's camp.
10.damage vt 损害、破坏 n.损坏、损失
cause/do damage to:伤害、损害
do harm to=be harmful to=be bad for:对....造成伤害/有害
eg: The heavy rain didn't do much damage________the crops
11.destroy vt.摧毁、毁灭
destruction：n 破坏、毁坏
destructive:破坏性的、造成破坏的
eg:1)The strong earthquake left death and___________behind it
2)It is the most ___________ storm in 20 years.
to
destruction
destuctive
12. evacuate / v kjue t / vt. vi.
疏散；撤出; 撤离
Almost 88,000 people have been evacuated from the area. 近88, 000人撤离了该地区。
The building is on fire. Evacuate all the people immediately.
这座楼着火了，立即疏散人群。
When the forest fires broke out, we were told to evacuate.
当森林大火爆发时，我们被通知撤离。
13.helicopter / hel k pt (r)/ n.
Helicopters were used to fight the fire.
直升机被用来灭火。
The injured were sent to the hospital by helicopter.
伤员由直升机送到医院。
firefighters
14.death n. 死亡
death toll 死亡人数
burn /starve to death
die v. 死亡-died-died
die out 灭绝，消失
die away 减弱，消失，枯萎
dead adj.
the dead 死者
dying adj. 垂死的
deadly adj. 致命的
练：
Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children _____of common childhood diseases. (2015广东)
在现代医学改变自然法则之前，许多儿童死于常见的儿童疾病。
You may drink, smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of ______ early by running.(2018全国)
你可以喝酒，吸烟，肥胖，但通过跑步你仍然可以降低死亡率。
Mr. Holden returned home from his holiday upset and convinced his pet was____ .(2015 陕西)
当Holdern先生度假回到家时，他很伤心，因为他确信的自己的宠物已经死了。
It should not cause _______ traffic accidents.(2017天津)
The ________ and what you need to apply depend on the program.(2019全国卷I)
最后期限以及你需要申请些什么取决于项目。
Only five years after Steve Jobs' ______, smart－phones defeated conventional PCs in sales.(2017江苏)
仅在 Steve Jobs去世五年后，智能手机就在销售量上击败了传统电脑。
died
dying
dead
deadly
deadline
death
15.affect v. 影响，疾病侵袭 af+fect ;effect ; infect ;defect)
be affected by 受...影响，受...打动
We tend to be affected by negative feelings.
Does television affect children's behaviour
电视对孩子的行为有影响吗？
affection n. 情感，喜欢
have a great affection for 喜欢
have an influence/impact/effect on
effective 有效的 ，有作用的 efficient adj. 有效率的
16. shelter/' elt /
n.避难处;居所;庇护vt.保护;庇护
shelter sb/sth from sb./sth.
Workers built ________ for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。
Many are sleeping in the open because they have no shelters.
很多人因为没有栖身之所，只好露宿在外。
Some parents want to shelter their children _____ any harm.
17. crack /kr k/
n. 裂纹；裂缝 vi. & vt. (使) 裂开
There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.
井壁上出现了深深的裂缝。
The glass will crack if you pour hot water into it.
别往玻璃杯里倒热水, 不然会烫裂杯子。
The ice cracked as I stepped onto it.
我一踩冰就裂了。
The little boy failed to crack the walnut.
小男孩没能砸开核桃。
She dropped a plate and cracked it this morning.
今天早上她把一个盘子掉在地上打破了。
18. as if 似乎；好像；仿佛
It seemed as if the world ______(be) coming to an end. 世界似乎要到末日
It seems as if our team ___(be) going to win.
Some people like to talk about film stars' personal life as if they _____(be) close friends.
She loves the boy as if she _____(be) his mother.
It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _________(do) it
打破窗子的是约翰，为什么你和我说话，好像是我打破的。
were
is
were
were
had done
19.ruin v. 破坏，毁坏
fall into ruin/go to ruin 灭亡，荒废
The bad weather ruined our trip. 天气恶劣，破坏了我们的旅行。
n. 破坏，损坏,遗迹
in ruins 严重受损
the ruins of Rome 古罗马遗迹
financial ruin 破产=go bankrupt
The city is now in ruins.
ruined adj. 荒废的，严重受损的 a ruined castle 破烂不堪的城堡
20. percent /p 'sent/n. 百分之....
About 75 percent of the city’s factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone.
大约75%的工厂和建筑物、90%的家园所有的医院都消失了。
We found that only fifteen percent of our students exercise every day.
我们发现仅有15%的学生每天锻炼。
The price of the house has risen by ten percent.
房价上升了10%。
21. shock 【U】震惊；休克；【C】令人震惊的事
v. 使震惊
1. It came as a shock to hear that factory would have to close.
2. She was taken to hospital suffering from shock.
（1）shocking adj.令人震惊的；令人憎恶的
shocking news 令人震惊的消息
（2）shocked adj. 感到震惊的；愤慨的
a shocked look/expression/voice 惊讶的样子/表情/声音
令人震惊的事
休克
词块积累
① in shock 震惊，吃惊；处于休克状态
② a great shock to sb. 对某人来说是一个极大的震撼
（抽象名词具体化）
③ It shocks sb. to do sth. 做某事让某人感到震惊
It shocks sb. that… …让某人感到震惊
④ be shocked at/by… 对…感到震惊/ 被…震惊到
22. electricity / lek tr s ti/ n. 电；电流
The electricity had been cut off.
We can use the power of the wind to make electricity．
electric [ lektr k] adj. 有电的；带电的
He cools himself in front of an electric fan
electrical [ lektr k( )l] adj. 与电有关的
An electrical fault caused the fire .
电路故障引起了火灾。 （historical）
electronic [ lek tr n k] a. 电子的
This dictionary is available in electronic form .
本词典有电子版。
23. trap n. 险境；陷阱 vt. 使落入陷阱；使陷入圈套
trap-trapped-trapped
词块积累
① be trapped in 困在…中 = be caught in
② be trapped by 被…困住
③ trap sb. into doing sth.= trick sb. into doing sth.
哄骗某人做某事
运
用
1. __________ (trap) in the heavy traffic, we had to wait and might be late for the meeting.
2. He dug a hole on the ground _______ (trap) a rabbit.
3. A trap ____ (set) last night causes trouble to ourselves now.
4. They trapped her into______(sell) her house at a low
price.
Trapped
to trap
set
selling
24. bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸
Though ______ ( bury ) in books these days, I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.
The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and _______(bury) the dead.
He sank into a chair, (bury) his face in his hands.
总结归纳
1. be buried in = bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于
2. bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面
buried
to bury
burying
【知识延伸】
表示“专心于”且与“be buried in”类似的表达还有:
pay attention to... / draw one’s attention to... / apply oneself to
be devoted to... / be addicted to...
be buried/occupied/absorbed/lost/involved/engaged in sth.
concentrate/fix/focus/keep one’s attention on sth.
put one's heart into sth.
25. breathe vi./vt. 呼吸
总结归纳
breath n. 呼吸 ；气息；一口气
take a deep breath 深吸一口气
hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
out of breath 上气不接下气
catch one's breath 恢复呼吸
26. revive/r 'va v/vt.&vi. 复活;(使)复苏 re+viv（life)+e come to life
Tangshan began to revive itself and get up on its feet again.
唐山开始恢复元气，重新站起来。
They managed to revive the injured driver at last.
他们最终使受伤的司机苏醒了过来。
The economy is beginning to revive.
revival /r 'va vl/ n. 复兴；复苏
What do you think helped in the revival of Tangshan city
你认为是什么帮助唐山市的复兴？
扩展：viv /vig /vit =life 生命 survive—sur +viv+e
vigor—vig+or(状态） n. 精力 vigorous adj 精力旺盛的
vivid-viv+id (的）生动的 vivisect v 活体解剖
27.effort n. 努力，尽力—ef（ex)+fort(力量）
make efforts to do sth
spare no efforts to do sth
joint effort 共同努力
The effort paid off quickly.
扩展：fort/ forc = force; strong
force n力量 enforce v 强行；实行
reinforce- re+in +force v.加强；巩固
28.wisdom n. 智慧—vis /vit+dom; advise; wit n 机智
wise adj. 明智的 witness n目击者；v 目击
wisely adv. wisdom tooth
free adj. -freedom n. 自由
29.context—con +text(编织）--共同编织—上下文
historical context 历史背景
the word and phrases that fits the context
30. unify—uni(one) +fy(使）unified adj 统一的
The emperor unified the country .
扩展：unite v 团结 ；union ,student union; unit; unique; uniform; unicycle/ bicycle/tricycle
31.suffer v. 遭受—suf+fer(bring)—带到下面（地狱）受苦
suffer from a heart attack
She is suffering a lot of pain.
suffer from loss/damage
suffering n. 痛苦，苦难
扩展：offer ；infer ; differ; prefer; conference ; transfer v.转送；转移
32. supply n. 供应，供给—sup+ply apply ; imply; reply;display
supply and demand 供应与需求
supply chain 供应链
cut off the electricity supply 切断电力供应
supplies 生活必须品，补给品
school/ medical/relief/emergency supplies
学校/医疗/救援/应急物资
v. 提供
supply sth to sb/supply sb with sth
The media supplies lots of information to us every day.
33.survive v.
① 比...活的长
She survived her husband by ten years.
②幸存 vi/vt
Her parents died in the accident, but she survived.
③ 保存下来
Some old customs have survived into the present.
34. power n. -powerful adj. -powerfully adv 能力，影响力
energy n. -energetic adj. -energetically adv. 精力
strength n. -strengthen v. 体力
force 外力 force sb to do 迫使某人做...
I will do everything in my power to help you.
the power of nature
come to power 上台执政
economic power 经济实力
a power station 电站 a power failure 停电
v. 驱动，推动 The aircraft is powered by a jet engine.
这架飞机由喷气发动机驱动。
35.tap v. 轻拍，轻打 n. 水龙头
轻拍某人的肩膀
tap sb on the shoulder gently
turn on /off the tap
tap (into) 挖掘
We should tap the potential we already have.
36.emergency—e+merg(沉）--突然冒出的事—紧急情况；突发事件
emergency meeting/repairs/exit 紧急会议/抢修/太平门
He called on an emergency meeting of the governors.
扩展：emerge vi. 浮现；出现 emergent adj 新出现的（只做定语）
The sun emerged from behind the clouds.
37. sweep-swept
①打扫
②席卷，横扫
..landslides that buried homes and swept cars into the sea.
…掩埋了住宅并把汽车卷入海里的山体滑坡。
③突然袭来
A wave of tiredness swept over her. 她感到浑身疲惫。
Memories came sweeping back. 往事又浮现在脑海中。
38. strike-struck -struck n.罢工；袭击
v.①撞击；碰撞
The child ran into the road and was struck by a car.
The stone struck her on the forehead.
② 侵袭；爆发
The area was struck by an outbreak of Covid-19. 那一地区爆发了疫情。
③突然想到；
It suddenly struck me how we could improve the situation.
我一下子明白我们如何能改善局面了。
④罢工
The union has voted to strike for a pay increase of 6%. 工会投票决定罢工，要求加薪6%。
⑤to strike a match on a wall 在墙上擦火柴
⑥The clock has just struck three. 时钟刚刚敲过三点。
striking 引人注目的；异乎寻常的；显著的
a striking feature 显著的特征
strikingly adv. strikingly beautiful 美得出奇 strikingly different results
39. wave v. /n.
①舞动
wave in the breeze
② 挥动
wave flags
③挥手
wave sb goodbye/ wave goodbye to sb
④ n. 波浪，浪潮
A huge wave covered our boat.
a wave of panic/protest
40.deliver—de(down)+liv(lift)+er---举着往下送---投递；交货；分娩；接生
①发表（演说）
deliver a speech/lecture
②履行诺言
She always delivers on her promise.
③ 接生，助产
She was delivered of a baby. /give birth to a baby
4.The goods will be delivered at noon tomorrow.
effect n.
① effective adj. 有效的--（反） ineffective efficient adj 有效率的
Eg.1：All these techniques are equally effective.
所有这些方法都同等有效。
eg2:Learning by doing may not be efficient, but it is effective.
边做边学可能效率不高，但却很有成效。
②have an effect/impact/influennce on 对...有影响
③greenhouse effect 温室效应
side effect 副作用
④come into effect/take effect 开始生效，起作用