2024届高考英语探究出题兵法和语篇架构 ：培养语篇阅读思维品质 课件(共55张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语探究出题兵法和语篇架构 ：培养语篇阅读思维品质 课件(共55张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-08-28 17:01:21 | ||
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文档简介
(共55张PPT)
探究出题兵法和语篇架构
提升语篇阅读思维品质
高考英语专场
思维品质的四个层面及其在语篇阅读中的考察方式
全国卷常见出题“兵法” 及破解思路
命题规律解构
CONTENTS
提升语篇阅读思维品质的过程性策略
全人的教育
01 视野
02语言
03 品格
04能力
大英语教育------全人的培养目标
一个具备交际能力，能够自如沟通的翻译者
一个借由语言学习，了解本国文化和世界不同文化，具有开放包容品格的中国故事的传播者
一个具有批判性思维， 多角度解决问题的执行者
一个借由语言学习，获得了跨学科，跨种族，跨国家视野的新人类
翻译者，传播者，执行者，新人类
2017 版新课程标准 英语学科核心素养的四个维度
体现核心素养的价值取向
核心素养发展的关键要素
反映核心素养的心智特征
核心素养的基础要素
思维品质四个层面具体考察方式
根据布鲁姆思维技能层次，分解2022年6月全国高考1卷各小题所涉及的思维技能
破解高考出题兵法
提升语篇阅读思维品质
出题兵法一 暗度陈仓 出其不意 出题者根据中西文化差异，针对学生对特定单词的外延义和内涵义不准确的弱点，出干扰项，加大考察难度。词汇基础不扎实的同学容易失分
例 １ 2023深圳一模 (D篇 32题） Parents who make comments linking their children’s performance to personal characteristics like intelligence are using what’s referred to as person responses. In contrast, parents who link their children’s actions, such as efforts or strategy use, to their performance are using process responses.
32. Which of the following is an example of process response
A. You are a lucky dog. B. Running is in your blood.
C. What works well for your study D. Why are you such a math genius
破解办法：词汇教学中 渗透词汇的词源义，外延，内涵义，引申义，多让学生用英英解释，多给不同的语境分析。
to work ----- to be effective
例 2 2023 浙江首考 C 篇 引申义的考察
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There's never a stage at which the system knows what it's talking about.”
29. What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Arguments. B. Doubts. C. Errors. D. Differences.
兵法二 笑里藏刀 原词诱惑 出题者利用原文中词的呈现 或者选项的部分正确来干扰思维
例1 2019 全国卷 1 C 篇
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？
A. It'll be environment-friendly. B. It'll reach consumers soon.
C. It'll be made of plastics. D. It'll help speed up typing.
破解办法：训练学生逻辑思维能力以及出题意图的审查，观察错题，积累经验。
兵法二 笑里藏刀 原词诱惑 出题者利用原文中词的呈现 或者选项的部分正确来干扰思维
例2 2023 武汉二调 B 篇
During 20 years of stacking (码放) shelves with goods at his family's supermarket in Pollenca on the Spanish island of Mallorca, Jose Luis-Reig, known as Pep, never gave a thought to the academic world. It was only when visiting the classrooms and passages of mainland universities with his two teenage daughters that he suddenly felt himself at home among the books and atmosphere of learning.
24. What can we know about Pep in the first paragraph
A. He felt relaxed in the academic atmosphere.
B. He visited his daughters' universities frequently.
C. He supported his daughters by arranging shelves.
D. He never quit the thought of going to mainland colleges.
出题兵法 三 偷梁换柱 张冠李戴 故意将原文的表程度或范围或情感的内容进行混淆放在干扰项中。是常见的出题模式
2022 全国卷 1 B 篇
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants not to include the side dish you won’t eat.” Curtin says.
27. What does Curtin suggest people do
A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption.
C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often
破解办法：加强对文章整体以及段落大意的宏观把握 ，尤其是定位 要找准，避免只见树木，不见森林。
出题兵法 三 偷梁换柱 张冠李戴 故意将原文的表程度或范围或情感的内容进行混淆放在干扰项中。是常见的出题模式
2023 深圳一模 B 篇
Come for the arresting descriptions of Corfu landscapes and stay for Durrell’s laugh-out-loud tales of his unusual family. This book, Durrell wrote humorously in the introduction, “was intended to be a nostalgic (怀旧的) account of natural history, but in the first few pages, I made the mistake of introducing my family.”
25. What does the underlined sentence mean in paragraph 2
A. I introduced my family by mistake.
B. I shouldn’t have introduced my family.
C. I couldn’t help introducing my family.
D. I gave wrong information about my family.
出题兵法 四 树上开花 无中生有 出题者故意设置一些高大上的，看似高级词汇的选项，对有一定词汇量但又不精准的学生有较大干扰, 尤其是对作者态度和文章大意没有看懂的同学是挑战。
2022 全国卷 1 Ｃ 篇
The elderly residents in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s well being. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
28. What is the purpose of the project
A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research.
D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
破解办法： 强化paraphrase , interpret, summarize 的训练， 提升作者态度，文章主旨判断的能力。
出题兵法 四 树上开花 无中生有
2023 浙江首考 C 篇
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel's former national debating champion.
28. Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph
A.To explain the use of a software program.
B.To show the cleverness of Project Debater.
C.To introduce the designer of Project Debater.
D.To emphasize the fairness of the competition.
出题兵法 五 浑水摸鱼 长难句解析能力考查 出题者在比较复杂的长难句中设置题目，考察学生的断句能力。对于语法基础薄弱的同学是很大挑战
2022 全国卷 1 D 篇
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
It is key to effective communication. B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system. D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
破解办法： 基础年级阶段加强从句的分析，with结构，排除干扰成分的影响，并进行长难句专题翻译训练。
出题兵法 五 浑水摸鱼
2023 浙江首考 C 篇 Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that's why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.
31.What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. Social interaction is key to understanding symbols.
B. The human brain has potential yet to be developed.
C. Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters.
D. Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
阅读理解 中 正确选项设置规律及所占比
以2023年浙江首考阅读理解为例 ，解析正确选项设置方法的占比
出题方法 题号 占比
原词出现 22. 6.6%
同义词 反义词 25. 30.32. 33. 34 33%
基于推理判断 21 23 28. 29. 27%
基于 全文理解 24. 26. 27. 31. 35 33%
C
2023年浙江首考 C 篇
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel's former national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There's never a stage at which the system knows what it's talking about.”
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that's why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.
C
2023年浙江首考 C 篇
28. Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph
A.To explain the use of a software program.
B.To show the cleverness of Project Debater.
C.To introduce the designer of Project Debater.
D.To emphasize the fairness of the competition.
29.What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Arguments. B. Doubts. C. Errors. D. Differences.
30.What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond
A. Create rules. B. Comprehend meaning.
C. Talk fluently. D. Identify difficult words.
31.What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. Social interaction is key to understanding symbols.
B. The human brain has potential yet to be developed.
C. Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters.
D. Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
.
基于推理判断
基于推理判断.
同义词解析.
基于全文理解
C
2023年深圳一模 C 篇
When put to tests, bees have long proved that they’ve got a lot more to offer than pollinating (授粉), making honey and being loyal to a queen. The hard-working insects can change their behavior when things seem difficult, and now some scientists find there is proof that they also like to play.----28
Scientists from Queen Mary University of London performed an experiment, in which they set up a container that allowed bees to travel from their nest to a feeding area. But along the way, the bees could choose to pass through a separate section with some small wooden balls. Over 18 days, the scientists watched as the bees “went out of their way to roll wooden balls repeatedly, despite no apparent incentive (刺激) to do so.”
Earlier studies have shown that the black and yellow bugs are willing to learn new tricks in exchange for food or other rewards. In this case, to get rid of external factors, scientists made sure the bees had adapted to their new home and that their environment was stress-free. --29
The finding suggests that like humans, insects also interact with objects as a form of play. Also similar to people, younger bees seem to be more playful than adult bees. “This research provides a strong indication that insect minds are far more complicated than we imagine. 30 There are lots of animals who play just for the purpose of enjoyment, but most examples come from young mammals (哺乳动物) and birds,” said Lars Chittka, a professor of sensory and behavioral ecology at Queen Mary University of London, who led the study.
The study’s first author, Samadi Galpay, who is a PhD student at Queen Mary University of London, states that it is more evident that bees may be capable of experiencing feelings. “They may actually experience some kind of positive emotional states, even if basic, like other larger animals do. This finding has effects on our understanding of the sense and welfare of insects, which, consequently, encourages us to respect and protect wildlife on Earth ever more,” 31 she says.
28. What is the new finding about bees
A. They are fond of having fun. B. They are faithful to the queen.
C. They are adaptable to changes. D. They are skilled at rolling balls.
29. How did scientists remove external influences in the experiment
A. By teaching bees new tricks. B. By rewarding bees with food.
C. By making bees feel at home. D. By building new homes for bees.
30. What are Lars Chittka’s words mainly about
A. The forms of bees’ interaction. B. The complexity of bees’ minds.
C. The examples of mammals’ play. D. The purpose of mammals’ enjoyment.
31.What does Samadi Galpay say about the study result
A. It backs up prior understanding of insects.
B. It reveals reasons for bees’ positive feelings.
C. It drives research on animals’ emotional state.
D. It contributes to wildlife conservation on Earth.
they also like to play.
protect wildlife
their environment was stress-free
far more complicated t
从文本框架结构的维度 提高阅读的速度和高度
记叙文
维 度二
CONTENTS
说明文
议论文
应用文
2023
浙江首考a篇：应用文：
Full day camp for kids aged 5-13.
Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm.
Week 1 | July 8-12
Week 2 | July 15-19
Week 3 | July 22-26
Register for a single week or multiple weeks.
Fees: $365 per week.
The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund(退款) is June 15.
Camp Structure
The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group. Campers have a three- hour morning class engaging with a morning theme (9am to 12 noon) and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class engaging with an afternoon theme(1pm to 4pm)。Snack periods are held throughout the day. All campers should bring their own bagged lunch and snacks.
Camp Content
Explorers Camp organizes engaging arts, history and science-related activities in every! class, and focuses on a range of topics that emphasize active learning, exploration and, most of all, fun! All camp sessions are created with age-appropriate activities that are tailored to the multiple ways that kids learn.
Camp Staff
Campers enjoy a staff-to-child ratio ranging from 1:4 to 1:7 depending on the age group. Instructors are passionate educators who are experts in their fields and have undergone training and a background check.
平行结构
记叙文结构
记叙文
写作结构
时序顺进式
并列展开式
模式：开头（引出故事）→故事主体（对人物或事物主体进行细致刻画）→结尾（议论点题）
开头（引出材料）→材料① 主体 材料② → 结尾（抒情、议论）
对比映照式
穿插回放式
开头（引出材料）→正面材料 主体 反面材料 → 结尾（抒情、议论）
开头（交待物像，引出材料①）→发展（引出材料②） → 高潮（引出材料③……）→结尾抒情、议论
记叙文解题步骤
语篇识别
题干定位
选项辨析
聚焦
常见的语篇类型及结构
· 人物事迹
（翻乐谱的律师）
· 生活感悟
（从意大利到布鲁克林
多元文化世界）
event： who,
when,
where,
what,
how ,
why
comment：
events or phenomenon
personal opinion
描述现象/事实，引出主题人物
人物事迹阐述（材料1、2、3）
人物愿景/对人物的评价
移民生活+系列事件
感悟触发点
感悟
关注事件主人物情绪变化
并列展开式
时序顺进式
2021 新高考Ⅰ卷B篇 :律师Titterman为钢琴家翻乐谱，介绍了该工作的高要求及从业者的艰辛。
By day, Robert Titterman is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova ---- not as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”
Mr. Titterman is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group’s official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot,” Mr. Titterman explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practice with their page turner.
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr. Titterman said. “Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”
Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms. Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
“My husband is the worst page turner,” she laughed. “He’s absorbed in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say, ‘Turn, turn!’ Robert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.”
并列展开式
描述现象/事实，引出主题人物：by day V.S. in his spar time → topic
人物经历：a lot of requirements
人物评价：Robert is the best in my entire life.
2021 新高考Ⅰ卷B篇 :律师Titterman为钢琴家翻乐谱，介绍了该工作的高要求及从业者的艰辛。
By day, Robert Titterman is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova ---- not as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”
Mr. Titterman is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group’s official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot,” Mr. Titterman explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practice with their page turner.
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr. Titterman said. “Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”
Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms. Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
“My husband is the worst page turner,” she laughed. “He’s absorbed in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say, ‘Turn, turn!’ Robert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.”
描述现象/事实，引出主题人物：
by day V.S. in his spar time
a lawyer V.S. a page turner
→ topic
What
Requirements:
a lot of skills (don’t turn 2 pages at once ; find the repeats )
plenty of practice ( 40 minutes; up to 50 page turns)
silent onstage communication ( their own style of “nodding” )
ability to deal with something wrong (pages fall off the ground)
concentrate on (do not be absorbed in the music)
Comments
2021 新高考Ⅰ卷 B篇 题干定位
24. What should Titterman be able to do to be a page turner
A. Read music. B. Play the piano.
C. Sing songs. D. Fix the instruments.
25. Which of the following best describes Titterman’s job on stage
A. Boring. B. Well-paid. C. Demanding. D. Dangerous.
26. What does Titterman need to practice
Counting the pazes. B. Recognizing the “nodding”.
C. Catching falling objects. D. Performing in his own style.
27. Why is Ms. Raspopova’s husband “the worst page turner”
A. He has very poor eyesight. B. He ignores the audience.
C. He has no interest in music. D. He forgets to do his job.
details & topic
topic & theme
details & topic
comments& topic
细节理解：识别（identify)
推理判断：推测（infer）、识别（identify）、总结（summarize）
细节理解：识别（identify）
细节理解：识别（identify)
2021 全国卷Ⅰ卷 B 选项辨析
Para. 1 By day, Robert Titterman is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova ---- not as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”
细节理解：step1. 识别定位：题干的to be a page turner对于第一段 as her page turner。step 2. 识别：I’ve learnt to read music， 与选项A. Read music. 一致。
details & topic： Titterman作为page tunerd工作的内容。与文本topic挂钩。
24. What should Titterman be able to do to be a page turner
A. Read music. B. Play the piano.
C. Sing songs. D. Fix the instruments.
说明文文本框架分析
说明对象
研究报告
研究结果
研究方法
结论阐述
专家评议
主旨大意最佳标题
细节理解/推断
细节理解/推断
情感态度
细节理解/推断
说明方法
说明对象
研究报告
社会现象
提出现象
产生原因
造成影响
人们看法
预言、警告、措施
(2021.1)Why does the author mention Watkins’ predictions in the first paragraph （写作目的）
(2019.6)What can be a suitable title for the text (主旨大义)
(2021.1)What has caused the decrease in Australian children’s physical activity (细节理解)
(2019.6)What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre (细节理解)
(2019.6)Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees （细节理解）
(2021.1)Why does the author find walking with her son worthwhile （细节理解）
说明对象
研究报告
社会现象
提出新做法新理论
新做法新理论
运行原理
产生原因
优缺点
评议、前景
(2020.7)26.What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals (观点态度）
(2020.7)27.What can we learn from Bellevue’s success （细节推断）
(2020.1)Why can cheese brine help keep winter roads ice-free (细节理解)
(2020.1)What is a benefit of using cheese urine on roads (细节理解）
(2020.1)Milwaukee's new way to de-ice streets may be an example of_______________.（主旨大义）
(2021全国乙）28. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for (细节理解)
(2021全国乙）29. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3 (说明方法)
(2021新高考Ⅰ)32. What is a common
misunderstanding of emotional intelligence (细节理解)
不同类型的说明文——— 大框架模式
1 According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed ( 安装) has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them. （首段里 转折之后是主题句）
2 Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven't given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they'll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
3 “Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE) project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
4 Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in
ollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
5 Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that's going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
P1-2：提出问题：旧式太阳能农场的弊端：破坏土壤
P3：分析解决问题solar farm科技的发展及创新，经济发展与环境保护的平衡
2023 浙江首考 D 篇明文
35. Which of the following is the best title for the text
D. Solar Farms: A New Development
P4 5 解决问题的意义
D
According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed ( 安装) has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven't given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they'll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE) project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in
pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that's going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
32. What do solar developers often ignore
32 B. The negative impact of installing solar panels.
33. What does InSPIRE aim to do
33 C.Make solar projects environmentally friendly.
34. What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4
34 A. To conserve pollinators..
说明文
议论文的分类解构
Problem-solving
提出问题
分析问题
得出结论
Cause-effect
提出论点
解释原因或阐释危害
呼应论点
(2021·全国高考甲卷D篇)
Who is a genius This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let’s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us And who are they
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It’s said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here’s the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
提出问题
分析问题
得出结论
提出了“什么样的人是天才？为什么会有天才？他们是谁？”等三个问题，并试图探索天才的本质。
在过去，天才的认定受到性别、种族和信仰的影响。并举例说明社会观念对女孩子的思想和行为的影响。
在如今全球通讯得到改善的世界里，天才来自那些具有智慧、创造力、毅力和好运的人(天才有许多种类型，即天才的多样性)。
9.What is the best title for the text
A. Geniuses Think Alike
B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence
D. Genius and Luck
Who is a genius This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let’s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us And who are they
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It’s said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here’s the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
文章尾段得出结论，判定主旨大意时多关注尾段。
B
(2021年03天津)
There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life.
Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up.
Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion (排除) of others can hold back your true spirit.
Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective (视角) into specific fields of expertise (专长). The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.
Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. “I don’t know where it will lead, but I’m excited I’m on this pursuit.”
These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy.
反面论证
如何做
呼应论点
论点
正面论证
【论证结构】
第1：提出论点 第2&3段：从成为“experts”的缺点进行反面论证 第4段：从成为“generalists”的优点进行正面论证。第5段：作者简述了如何做“generalists”，即通过在某一领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。第6段：呼应论点，呼吁人们发展广泛的常识和经验。
14. What could be the best title for the passage
A. Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist B. Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide
C. Turn a Generalist into a Specialist D. Ways to Become a Generalist
10. To become a specialist, one may have to_____.
A. narrow his range of knowledge
B. avoid responsibilities at work
C. know more about the society
D. broaden his perspective on life
11. The specialists mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to______.
A. treasure their freedom
B. travel around the world
C. spend most time working
D. enjoy meeting funny people
12. According to the author, a superior doctor is one who_____.
A. is fully aware of his talent and ability
B. is a pure specialist in medicine
C. should love poetry and philosophy
D. brings knowledge of other fields to work
13. What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni
A. Passion alone does not ensure a person's success.
B. In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible.
C. Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit.
D. Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected.
考查反面论证的分论点一：
成为专家的缺点有哪些
C
考查反面论证分论点二的论证方法：supporting examples
围绕分论点、论据和论证方法设题
D
D
A
考查正面论证的论证方法：supporting examples
考查“如何做”部分：supporting examples
提升思维品质的过程性策略
提升思维品质策略 一 每周一节 拓展外刊阅读 – 科技文语块积累
选材要广泛，学生感兴趣，考试前瞻性，科技类为主，人文和健康，
趣味加休闲。
时文阅读 关注前沿科技 注目热点话题
用chat-GPT 搜索的关于chat-GPT相关词汇
1. 聊天机器人（Chatbot） 2. 自然语言处理（NLP）
3. 语义理解（Semantic Understanding）
4. 语言生成（Language Generation）
5. 深度学习（Deep Learning）
6. 语言模型（Language Model）
7. GPT-3（Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3）
8. 对话系统（Dialogue System）
9. 语音识别（Speech Recognition）
10. 语音合成（Speech Synthesis）
时文阅读 关注前沿科技 注目热点话题
1. 无人驾驶（Autonomous Driving）
2. 自动驾驶（Autonomous Driving）
3. 智能交通（Intelligent Transportation）
4. 车联网（Vehicle-to-Vehicle Network）
5. 智能车辆（Intelligent Vehicles）
6. 无人机（Unmanned Aerial Vehicles）
7. 无人车（Unmanned Ground Vehicles）
8. 深度学习（Deep Learning）
9. 计算机视觉（Computer Vision）
10. 传感器（Sensors）
时文阅读 关注前沿科技 注目热点话题
1. 航空航天（Aerospace）
2. 航天器（Spacecraft）
3. 宇宙飞行器（Spacecraft）
4. 航天技术（Aerospace Technology）
5. 航天发射（Space Launch）
6. 航天飞行器（Spacecraft）
7. 航天器设计（Spacecraft Design）
8. 航天器控制（Spacecraft Control）
9. 航天器导航（Spacecraft Navigation）
10. 航天器通信（Spacecraft Communication）
提升思维品质策略二 -------充分利用每一份高水平模拟试卷 进行二次开发和精读（制作学案，早读背诵）
A 篇 关注话题词块，新颖词汇，尤其是一些可以运用在应用文写作的词汇 题型 ： 汉译英， 词型转换
B 篇 记叙文为主， 关注情节逻辑 ， 情感变化和动作链的语块， 以及结尾段主题升华 题型： 背诵最后一段。 默写动作情感类的词汇句型
C D 篇 说明文和议论文为主； 关注文章框架，科技词块积累， 作者的态度。 题型： 长难句翻译，词型转换， 词块（科技类）默写和翻译
七选五 说明文为主，着重分析文章的框架，段落逻辑，句子之间的逻辑， 词块积累 题型： 长难句翻译，词型转换， 词块（科技类）默写和翻译
语法 说明文为主，讲好中国故事， 着重长难句分析，模仿整理摘抄写作句型 题型： 汉英、 英汉句子翻译练习，常见考点归纳。
续写部分 记叙文 ： 生词量不大，但可以积累整理续写的词汇，摘抄整理模仿 题型： 汉英句子翻译练习
提升思维品质策略三 鼓励学生小组合作，探究发现
提升思维品质策略四 ------- 教会学生化繁就简，提升阅读速度和质量
长难句分析中： 修饰性的附带结构和主从结构的简化，双从否定的简化，虚拟语气的逆推，各种头衔，并列结构的跳转等等
各种题型的口诀： 标题类（ 针对性， 关键词原词，新颖性）， 推断题（直接说的不算），词义猜测（上下文翻译）
C篇和D篇 科技文和议论文中的跳读，首段和尾段的呼应式阅读
A 篇和B 篇的跳读处理
提升思维品质策略五 ------- 盲盒式评讲试卷 辩论式讨论
专项训练阶段 组题要有系统性，针对性。 以周/ 双周为单位列出需要解决的问题，尤其是阅读理解中的学生薄弱题型，进行强化训练。
针对学生错的比较多的题目，评讲时要重点分析，从原文框架，题干设置再到干扰选项，逐一进行解读。不需要所有题目都讲，一套题目精讲几道学生的痛点。 最好让学生评讲。
开盲盒的试卷评讲方式： 评讲前不提前给答案， 而是让学生大声喊出答案，然后让学生彼此说出自己的理由。 让对的学生说思路。最好老师总结。
评讲完试卷，学生做思维反思，一定要形成文字。
Thanks
探究出题兵法和语篇架构
提升语篇阅读思维品质
高考英语专场
思维品质的四个层面及其在语篇阅读中的考察方式
全国卷常见出题“兵法” 及破解思路
命题规律解构
CONTENTS
提升语篇阅读思维品质的过程性策略
全人的教育
01 视野
02语言
03 品格
04能力
大英语教育------全人的培养目标
一个具备交际能力，能够自如沟通的翻译者
一个借由语言学习，了解本国文化和世界不同文化，具有开放包容品格的中国故事的传播者
一个具有批判性思维， 多角度解决问题的执行者
一个借由语言学习，获得了跨学科，跨种族，跨国家视野的新人类
翻译者，传播者，执行者，新人类
2017 版新课程标准 英语学科核心素养的四个维度
体现核心素养的价值取向
核心素养发展的关键要素
反映核心素养的心智特征
核心素养的基础要素
思维品质四个层面具体考察方式
根据布鲁姆思维技能层次，分解2022年6月全国高考1卷各小题所涉及的思维技能
破解高考出题兵法
提升语篇阅读思维品质
出题兵法一 暗度陈仓 出其不意 出题者根据中西文化差异，针对学生对特定单词的外延义和内涵义不准确的弱点，出干扰项，加大考察难度。词汇基础不扎实的同学容易失分
例 １ 2023深圳一模 (D篇 32题） Parents who make comments linking their children’s performance to personal characteristics like intelligence are using what’s referred to as person responses. In contrast, parents who link their children’s actions, such as efforts or strategy use, to their performance are using process responses.
32. Which of the following is an example of process response
A. You are a lucky dog. B. Running is in your blood.
C. What works well for your study D. Why are you such a math genius
破解办法：词汇教学中 渗透词汇的词源义，外延，内涵义，引申义，多让学生用英英解释，多给不同的语境分析。
to work ----- to be effective
例 2 2023 浙江首考 C 篇 引申义的考察
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There's never a stage at which the system knows what it's talking about.”
29. What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Arguments. B. Doubts. C. Errors. D. Differences.
兵法二 笑里藏刀 原词诱惑 出题者利用原文中词的呈现 或者选项的部分正确来干扰思维
例1 2019 全国卷 1 C 篇
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？
A. It'll be environment-friendly. B. It'll reach consumers soon.
C. It'll be made of plastics. D. It'll help speed up typing.
破解办法：训练学生逻辑思维能力以及出题意图的审查，观察错题，积累经验。
兵法二 笑里藏刀 原词诱惑 出题者利用原文中词的呈现 或者选项的部分正确来干扰思维
例2 2023 武汉二调 B 篇
During 20 years of stacking (码放) shelves with goods at his family's supermarket in Pollenca on the Spanish island of Mallorca, Jose Luis-Reig, known as Pep, never gave a thought to the academic world. It was only when visiting the classrooms and passages of mainland universities with his two teenage daughters that he suddenly felt himself at home among the books and atmosphere of learning.
24. What can we know about Pep in the first paragraph
A. He felt relaxed in the academic atmosphere.
B. He visited his daughters' universities frequently.
C. He supported his daughters by arranging shelves.
D. He never quit the thought of going to mainland colleges.
出题兵法 三 偷梁换柱 张冠李戴 故意将原文的表程度或范围或情感的内容进行混淆放在干扰项中。是常见的出题模式
2022 全国卷 1 B 篇
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants not to include the side dish you won’t eat.” Curtin says.
27. What does Curtin suggest people do
A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption.
C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often
破解办法：加强对文章整体以及段落大意的宏观把握 ，尤其是定位 要找准，避免只见树木，不见森林。
出题兵法 三 偷梁换柱 张冠李戴 故意将原文的表程度或范围或情感的内容进行混淆放在干扰项中。是常见的出题模式
2023 深圳一模 B 篇
Come for the arresting descriptions of Corfu landscapes and stay for Durrell’s laugh-out-loud tales of his unusual family. This book, Durrell wrote humorously in the introduction, “was intended to be a nostalgic (怀旧的) account of natural history, but in the first few pages, I made the mistake of introducing my family.”
25. What does the underlined sentence mean in paragraph 2
A. I introduced my family by mistake.
B. I shouldn’t have introduced my family.
C. I couldn’t help introducing my family.
D. I gave wrong information about my family.
出题兵法 四 树上开花 无中生有 出题者故意设置一些高大上的，看似高级词汇的选项，对有一定词汇量但又不精准的学生有较大干扰, 尤其是对作者态度和文章大意没有看懂的同学是挑战。
2022 全国卷 1 Ｃ 篇
The elderly residents in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s well being. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
28. What is the purpose of the project
A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research.
D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
破解办法： 强化paraphrase , interpret, summarize 的训练， 提升作者态度，文章主旨判断的能力。
出题兵法 四 树上开花 无中生有
2023 浙江首考 C 篇
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel's former national debating champion.
28. Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph
A.To explain the use of a software program.
B.To show the cleverness of Project Debater.
C.To introduce the designer of Project Debater.
D.To emphasize the fairness of the competition.
出题兵法 五 浑水摸鱼 长难句解析能力考查 出题者在比较复杂的长难句中设置题目，考察学生的断句能力。对于语法基础薄弱的同学是很大挑战
2022 全国卷 1 D 篇
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
It is key to effective communication. B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system. D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
破解办法： 基础年级阶段加强从句的分析，with结构，排除干扰成分的影响，并进行长难句专题翻译训练。
出题兵法 五 浑水摸鱼
2023 浙江首考 C 篇 Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that's why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.
31.What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. Social interaction is key to understanding symbols.
B. The human brain has potential yet to be developed.
C. Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters.
D. Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
阅读理解 中 正确选项设置规律及所占比
以2023年浙江首考阅读理解为例 ，解析正确选项设置方法的占比
出题方法 题号 占比
原词出现 22. 6.6%
同义词 反义词 25. 30.32. 33. 34 33%
基于推理判断 21 23 28. 29. 27%
基于 全文理解 24. 26. 27. 31. 35 33%
C
2023年浙江首考 C 篇
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel's former national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There's never a stage at which the system knows what it's talking about.”
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that's why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.
C
2023年浙江首考 C 篇
28. Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph
A.To explain the use of a software program.
B.To show the cleverness of Project Debater.
C.To introduce the designer of Project Debater.
D.To emphasize the fairness of the competition.
29.What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Arguments. B. Doubts. C. Errors. D. Differences.
30.What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond
A. Create rules. B. Comprehend meaning.
C. Talk fluently. D. Identify difficult words.
31.What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. Social interaction is key to understanding symbols.
B. The human brain has potential yet to be developed.
C. Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters.
D. Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
.
基于推理判断
基于推理判断.
同义词解析.
基于全文理解
C
2023年深圳一模 C 篇
When put to tests, bees have long proved that they’ve got a lot more to offer than pollinating (授粉), making honey and being loyal to a queen. The hard-working insects can change their behavior when things seem difficult, and now some scientists find there is proof that they also like to play.----28
Scientists from Queen Mary University of London performed an experiment, in which they set up a container that allowed bees to travel from their nest to a feeding area. But along the way, the bees could choose to pass through a separate section with some small wooden balls. Over 18 days, the scientists watched as the bees “went out of their way to roll wooden balls repeatedly, despite no apparent incentive (刺激) to do so.”
Earlier studies have shown that the black and yellow bugs are willing to learn new tricks in exchange for food or other rewards. In this case, to get rid of external factors, scientists made sure the bees had adapted to their new home and that their environment was stress-free. --29
The finding suggests that like humans, insects also interact with objects as a form of play. Also similar to people, younger bees seem to be more playful than adult bees. “This research provides a strong indication that insect minds are far more complicated than we imagine. 30 There are lots of animals who play just for the purpose of enjoyment, but most examples come from young mammals (哺乳动物) and birds,” said Lars Chittka, a professor of sensory and behavioral ecology at Queen Mary University of London, who led the study.
The study’s first author, Samadi Galpay, who is a PhD student at Queen Mary University of London, states that it is more evident that bees may be capable of experiencing feelings. “They may actually experience some kind of positive emotional states, even if basic, like other larger animals do. This finding has effects on our understanding of the sense and welfare of insects, which, consequently, encourages us to respect and protect wildlife on Earth ever more,” 31 she says.
28. What is the new finding about bees
A. They are fond of having fun. B. They are faithful to the queen.
C. They are adaptable to changes. D. They are skilled at rolling balls.
29. How did scientists remove external influences in the experiment
A. By teaching bees new tricks. B. By rewarding bees with food.
C. By making bees feel at home. D. By building new homes for bees.
30. What are Lars Chittka’s words mainly about
A. The forms of bees’ interaction. B. The complexity of bees’ minds.
C. The examples of mammals’ play. D. The purpose of mammals’ enjoyment.
31.What does Samadi Galpay say about the study result
A. It backs up prior understanding of insects.
B. It reveals reasons for bees’ positive feelings.
C. It drives research on animals’ emotional state.
D. It contributes to wildlife conservation on Earth.
they also like to play.
protect wildlife
their environment was stress-free
far more complicated t
从文本框架结构的维度 提高阅读的速度和高度
记叙文
维 度二
CONTENTS
说明文
议论文
应用文
2023
浙江首考a篇：应用文：
Full day camp for kids aged 5-13.
Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm.
Week 1 | July 8-12
Week 2 | July 15-19
Week 3 | July 22-26
Register for a single week or multiple weeks.
Fees: $365 per week.
The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund(退款) is June 15.
Camp Structure
The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group. Campers have a three- hour morning class engaging with a morning theme (9am to 12 noon) and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class engaging with an afternoon theme(1pm to 4pm)。Snack periods are held throughout the day. All campers should bring their own bagged lunch and snacks.
Camp Content
Explorers Camp organizes engaging arts, history and science-related activities in every! class, and focuses on a range of topics that emphasize active learning, exploration and, most of all, fun! All camp sessions are created with age-appropriate activities that are tailored to the multiple ways that kids learn.
Camp Staff
Campers enjoy a staff-to-child ratio ranging from 1:4 to 1:7 depending on the age group. Instructors are passionate educators who are experts in their fields and have undergone training and a background check.
平行结构
记叙文结构
记叙文
写作结构
时序顺进式
并列展开式
模式：开头（引出故事）→故事主体（对人物或事物主体进行细致刻画）→结尾（议论点题）
开头（引出材料）→材料① 主体 材料② → 结尾（抒情、议论）
对比映照式
穿插回放式
开头（引出材料）→正面材料 主体 反面材料 → 结尾（抒情、议论）
开头（交待物像，引出材料①）→发展（引出材料②） → 高潮（引出材料③……）→结尾抒情、议论
记叙文解题步骤
语篇识别
题干定位
选项辨析
聚焦
常见的语篇类型及结构
· 人物事迹
（翻乐谱的律师）
· 生活感悟
（从意大利到布鲁克林
多元文化世界）
event： who,
when,
where,
what,
how ,
why
comment：
events or phenomenon
personal opinion
描述现象/事实，引出主题人物
人物事迹阐述（材料1、2、3）
人物愿景/对人物的评价
移民生活+系列事件
感悟触发点
感悟
关注事件主人物情绪变化
并列展开式
时序顺进式
2021 新高考Ⅰ卷B篇 :律师Titterman为钢琴家翻乐谱，介绍了该工作的高要求及从业者的艰辛。
By day, Robert Titterman is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova ---- not as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”
Mr. Titterman is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group’s official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot,” Mr. Titterman explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practice with their page turner.
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr. Titterman said. “Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”
Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms. Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
“My husband is the worst page turner,” she laughed. “He’s absorbed in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say, ‘Turn, turn!’ Robert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.”
并列展开式
描述现象/事实，引出主题人物：by day V.S. in his spar time → topic
人物经历：a lot of requirements
人物评价：Robert is the best in my entire life.
2021 新高考Ⅰ卷B篇 :律师Titterman为钢琴家翻乐谱，介绍了该工作的高要求及从业者的艰辛。
By day, Robert Titterman is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova ---- not as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”
Mr. Titterman is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group’s official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot,” Mr. Titterman explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practice with their page turner.
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr. Titterman said. “Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”
Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms. Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
“My husband is the worst page turner,” she laughed. “He’s absorbed in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say, ‘Turn, turn!’ Robert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.”
描述现象/事实，引出主题人物：
by day V.S. in his spar time
a lawyer V.S. a page turner
→ topic
What
Requirements:
a lot of skills (don’t turn 2 pages at once ; find the repeats )
plenty of practice ( 40 minutes; up to 50 page turns)
silent onstage communication ( their own style of “nodding” )
ability to deal with something wrong (pages fall off the ground)
concentrate on (do not be absorbed in the music)
Comments
2021 新高考Ⅰ卷 B篇 题干定位
24. What should Titterman be able to do to be a page turner
A. Read music. B. Play the piano.
C. Sing songs. D. Fix the instruments.
25. Which of the following best describes Titterman’s job on stage
A. Boring. B. Well-paid. C. Demanding. D. Dangerous.
26. What does Titterman need to practice
Counting the pazes. B. Recognizing the “nodding”.
C. Catching falling objects. D. Performing in his own style.
27. Why is Ms. Raspopova’s husband “the worst page turner”
A. He has very poor eyesight. B. He ignores the audience.
C. He has no interest in music. D. He forgets to do his job.
details & topic
topic & theme
details & topic
comments& topic
细节理解：识别（identify)
推理判断：推测（infer）、识别（identify）、总结（summarize）
细节理解：识别（identify）
细节理解：识别（identify)
2021 全国卷Ⅰ卷 B 选项辨析
Para. 1 By day, Robert Titterman is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova ---- not as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”
细节理解：step1. 识别定位：题干的to be a page turner对于第一段 as her page turner。step 2. 识别：I’ve learnt to read music， 与选项A. Read music. 一致。
details & topic： Titterman作为page tunerd工作的内容。与文本topic挂钩。
24. What should Titterman be able to do to be a page turner
A. Read music. B. Play the piano.
C. Sing songs. D. Fix the instruments.
说明文文本框架分析
说明对象
研究报告
研究结果
研究方法
结论阐述
专家评议
主旨大意最佳标题
细节理解/推断
细节理解/推断
情感态度
细节理解/推断
说明方法
说明对象
研究报告
社会现象
提出现象
产生原因
造成影响
人们看法
预言、警告、措施
(2021.1)Why does the author mention Watkins’ predictions in the first paragraph （写作目的）
(2019.6)What can be a suitable title for the text (主旨大义)
(2021.1)What has caused the decrease in Australian children’s physical activity (细节理解)
(2019.6)What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre (细节理解)
(2019.6)Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees （细节理解）
(2021.1)Why does the author find walking with her son worthwhile （细节理解）
说明对象
研究报告
社会现象
提出新做法新理论
新做法新理论
运行原理
产生原因
优缺点
评议、前景
(2020.7)26.What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals (观点态度）
(2020.7)27.What can we learn from Bellevue’s success （细节推断）
(2020.1)Why can cheese brine help keep winter roads ice-free (细节理解)
(2020.1)What is a benefit of using cheese urine on roads (细节理解）
(2020.1)Milwaukee's new way to de-ice streets may be an example of_______________.（主旨大义）
(2021全国乙）28. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for (细节理解)
(2021全国乙）29. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3 (说明方法)
(2021新高考Ⅰ)32. What is a common
misunderstanding of emotional intelligence (细节理解)
不同类型的说明文——— 大框架模式
1 According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed ( 安装) has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them. （首段里 转折之后是主题句）
2 Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven't given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they'll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
3 “Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE) project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
4 Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in
ollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
5 Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that's going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
P1-2：提出问题：旧式太阳能农场的弊端：破坏土壤
P3：分析解决问题solar farm科技的发展及创新，经济发展与环境保护的平衡
2023 浙江首考 D 篇明文
35. Which of the following is the best title for the text
D. Solar Farms: A New Development
P4 5 解决问题的意义
D
According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed ( 安装) has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven't given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they'll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE) project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in
pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that's going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
32. What do solar developers often ignore
32 B. The negative impact of installing solar panels.
33. What does InSPIRE aim to do
33 C.Make solar projects environmentally friendly.
34. What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4
34 A. To conserve pollinators..
说明文
议论文的分类解构
Problem-solving
提出问题
分析问题
得出结论
Cause-effect
提出论点
解释原因或阐释危害
呼应论点
(2021·全国高考甲卷D篇)
Who is a genius This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let’s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us And who are they
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It’s said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here’s the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
提出问题
分析问题
得出结论
提出了“什么样的人是天才？为什么会有天才？他们是谁？”等三个问题，并试图探索天才的本质。
在过去，天才的认定受到性别、种族和信仰的影响。并举例说明社会观念对女孩子的思想和行为的影响。
在如今全球通讯得到改善的世界里，天才来自那些具有智慧、创造力、毅力和好运的人(天才有许多种类型，即天才的多样性)。
9.What is the best title for the text
A. Geniuses Think Alike
B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence
D. Genius and Luck
Who is a genius This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let’s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us And who are they
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It’s said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here’s the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
文章尾段得出结论，判定主旨大意时多关注尾段。
B
(2021年03天津)
There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life.
Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up.
Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion (排除) of others can hold back your true spirit.
Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective (视角) into specific fields of expertise (专长). The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.
Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. “I don’t know where it will lead, but I’m excited I’m on this pursuit.”
These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy.
反面论证
如何做
呼应论点
论点
正面论证
【论证结构】
第1：提出论点 第2&3段：从成为“experts”的缺点进行反面论证 第4段：从成为“generalists”的优点进行正面论证。第5段：作者简述了如何做“generalists”，即通过在某一领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。第6段：呼应论点，呼吁人们发展广泛的常识和经验。
14. What could be the best title for the passage
A. Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist B. Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide
C. Turn a Generalist into a Specialist D. Ways to Become a Generalist
10. To become a specialist, one may have to_____.
A. narrow his range of knowledge
B. avoid responsibilities at work
C. know more about the society
D. broaden his perspective on life
11. The specialists mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to______.
A. treasure their freedom
B. travel around the world
C. spend most time working
D. enjoy meeting funny people
12. According to the author, a superior doctor is one who_____.
A. is fully aware of his talent and ability
B. is a pure specialist in medicine
C. should love poetry and philosophy
D. brings knowledge of other fields to work
13. What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni
A. Passion alone does not ensure a person's success.
B. In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible.
C. Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit.
D. Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected.
考查反面论证的分论点一：
成为专家的缺点有哪些
C
考查反面论证分论点二的论证方法：supporting examples
围绕分论点、论据和论证方法设题
D
D
A
考查正面论证的论证方法：supporting examples
考查“如何做”部分：supporting examples
提升思维品质的过程性策略
提升思维品质策略 一 每周一节 拓展外刊阅读 – 科技文语块积累
选材要广泛，学生感兴趣，考试前瞻性，科技类为主，人文和健康，
趣味加休闲。
时文阅读 关注前沿科技 注目热点话题
用chat-GPT 搜索的关于chat-GPT相关词汇
1. 聊天机器人（Chatbot） 2. 自然语言处理（NLP）
3. 语义理解（Semantic Understanding）
4. 语言生成（Language Generation）
5. 深度学习（Deep Learning）
6. 语言模型（Language Model）
7. GPT-3（Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3）
8. 对话系统（Dialogue System）
9. 语音识别（Speech Recognition）
10. 语音合成（Speech Synthesis）
时文阅读 关注前沿科技 注目热点话题
1. 无人驾驶（Autonomous Driving）
2. 自动驾驶（Autonomous Driving）
3. 智能交通（Intelligent Transportation）
4. 车联网（Vehicle-to-Vehicle Network）
5. 智能车辆（Intelligent Vehicles）
6. 无人机（Unmanned Aerial Vehicles）
7. 无人车（Unmanned Ground Vehicles）
8. 深度学习（Deep Learning）
9. 计算机视觉（Computer Vision）
10. 传感器（Sensors）
时文阅读 关注前沿科技 注目热点话题
1. 航空航天（Aerospace）
2. 航天器（Spacecraft）
3. 宇宙飞行器（Spacecraft）
4. 航天技术（Aerospace Technology）
5. 航天发射（Space Launch）
6. 航天飞行器（Spacecraft）
7. 航天器设计（Spacecraft Design）
8. 航天器控制（Spacecraft Control）
9. 航天器导航（Spacecraft Navigation）
10. 航天器通信（Spacecraft Communication）
提升思维品质策略二 -------充分利用每一份高水平模拟试卷 进行二次开发和精读（制作学案，早读背诵）
A 篇 关注话题词块，新颖词汇，尤其是一些可以运用在应用文写作的词汇 题型 ： 汉译英， 词型转换
B 篇 记叙文为主， 关注情节逻辑 ， 情感变化和动作链的语块， 以及结尾段主题升华 题型： 背诵最后一段。 默写动作情感类的词汇句型
C D 篇 说明文和议论文为主； 关注文章框架，科技词块积累， 作者的态度。 题型： 长难句翻译，词型转换， 词块（科技类）默写和翻译
七选五 说明文为主，着重分析文章的框架，段落逻辑，句子之间的逻辑， 词块积累 题型： 长难句翻译，词型转换， 词块（科技类）默写和翻译
语法 说明文为主，讲好中国故事， 着重长难句分析，模仿整理摘抄写作句型 题型： 汉英、 英汉句子翻译练习，常见考点归纳。
续写部分 记叙文 ： 生词量不大，但可以积累整理续写的词汇，摘抄整理模仿 题型： 汉英句子翻译练习
提升思维品质策略三 鼓励学生小组合作，探究发现
提升思维品质策略四 ------- 教会学生化繁就简，提升阅读速度和质量
长难句分析中： 修饰性的附带结构和主从结构的简化，双从否定的简化，虚拟语气的逆推，各种头衔，并列结构的跳转等等
各种题型的口诀： 标题类（ 针对性， 关键词原词，新颖性）， 推断题（直接说的不算），词义猜测（上下文翻译）
C篇和D篇 科技文和议论文中的跳读，首段和尾段的呼应式阅读
A 篇和B 篇的跳读处理
提升思维品质策略五 ------- 盲盒式评讲试卷 辩论式讨论
专项训练阶段 组题要有系统性，针对性。 以周/ 双周为单位列出需要解决的问题，尤其是阅读理解中的学生薄弱题型，进行强化训练。
针对学生错的比较多的题目，评讲时要重点分析，从原文框架，题干设置再到干扰选项，逐一进行解读。不需要所有题目都讲，一套题目精讲几道学生的痛点。 最好让学生评讲。
开盲盒的试卷评讲方式： 评讲前不提前给答案， 而是让学生大声喊出答案，然后让学生彼此说出自己的理由。 让对的学生说思路。最好老师总结。
评讲完试卷，学生做思维反思，一定要形成文字。
Thanks
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