重庆缙云教育联盟2022-2023学年(下)期末质量检测
高一英语
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生务必用黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚;
2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，在试卷上作答无效;
3.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回;
4.全卷共9页，满分120分，听力部分另行测试，考试时间100分钟。
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Where to Eat in Bangkok
Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options. Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure.
Nahm
Offering Thai fine dining. Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary (烹饪的) experiences. It’s the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the world’s 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.
Issaya Siamese Club
Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods.
Bo.lan
Bo.lan has been making waves in Bangkok’s culinary scene since it opened in 2009. Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere, the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine’s roots, yet still manages to add a special twist. This place is good for a candle-lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food. For those extremely hungry, there’s a large set menu.
Gaggan
Earning first place on the latest “Asia’s 50 best restaurants” list, progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of the most exciting venues (场所) to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. Culinary theater at its best.
1. What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common
A. They adopt modern cooking methods. B. They have branches in London.
C They have top-class chefs. D. They are based in hotels.
2. Which restaurant offers a large set menu
A. Gaggan. B. Bo. lan. C. Issaya Siamese Club. D. Nahm.
3. What is special about Gaggan
A. It hires staff from India. B. It puts on a play every day.
C. It serves hard-to-find local dishes. D. It shows the cooking process to guests.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。介绍了一些关于从哪里开始你的曼谷美食之旅的建议。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题Nahm下的段落中“Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his Loodon-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010. (主厨大卫·汤普森(David Thompson)在伦敦的同名泰国餐厅获得了米其林一星，他于2010年在大都会酒店开设了这家分店)”以及小标题Issays Stamese Club下的段落中“Issaya Siamese Club is intematoionally know Thai chef lan Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. (Issaya Siamese Club是国际知名的泰国厨师lan Kittichai的第一家曼谷旗舰餐厅)”可知，Nahm和Issaya Siamese Club的共同之处是他们都有一流的厨师。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题Bo. tan下的段落中“For those extremely hungry there’s a large set menu. (对于那些极度饥饿的人来说，这里有一份很大的套餐)”可知，Bo. tan提供大型套餐。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题Gaggan下的段落中“The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. (在这座两层殖民时期的泰国住宅中，最好的桌子有一扇通往厨房的窗户，在那里你可以看到Gaggan厨师和他的员工在工作)”可知，Gaggan的特别之处是它向客人展示了烹饪过程。故选D项。
B
In this digital age, people measure their popularity by the number of “likes” and followers they get on social media. But as it turns out, people are happier when their friends are of high quality rather than huge quantity.
Scientists from the University of Leeds in the UK studied data from two online surveys of nearly 1,500 people. Those who took the survey gave details about their age, social interactions, and how satisfied they were with their social lives. The researchers found that those who had a small number of close friends generally tended to be happier than those who had a large number of superficial (关系浅表的) friends.
“Loneliness has less to do with the number of friends you have, and more to do with how you feel about your friends,” said Bruine de Bruin, one of the researchers.
He found that older people tended to have smaller social circles than young people, but the people in these circles tended to be closer to them. He also found that younger people tended to have larger social circles that were made up of “peripheral(次要的) others”— people who are not their true friends, but just the ones they know. These people had no influence on their happiness.
The results of the study show that the opinion society has about old people being sad and lonely might not be accurate.
“The research shows that older adults’ smaller networks don’t decrease their social satisfaction and happiness. In fact, older adults tend to report a better sense of well-being than younger adults,” said Bruine de Bruin.
4. According to the study, people tend to be happier when they ______.
A. have friends of huge quantity B. have a small circle of close friends
C. have a lot of followers on social media D. make friends with older people
5. What do we know from paragraph 4
A. Older people’s friends seem to be of higher quality.
B. Younger people don’t need to make peripheral friends.
C. Older people’s happiness has nothing to do with their friends.
D. Both older and younger people find it hard to make close friends.
6. Which word might Bruine de Bruin use to describe older adults
A. Sad. B. Happy. C. Lonely. D. Concerned
7. What is the focus of this article
A. Different types of friends in one’s life.
B. Changes in people’s happiness levels.
C. Interactions between older and younger people.
D. The relationship between happiness and the quality and quantity of friends.
【答案】4 B 5. A 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们在拥有的朋友质量高而不是数量多时更快乐。研究发现有着少数亲密朋友的人通常比那些有着大量肤浅朋友的人更快乐，而且孤独与朋友数量关系不大，与和朋友相处的感觉关系较大。但对于老年人来说，他们的幸福感和对孤独的看法却不太受社交圈大小的影响。
【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句提到“The researchers found that those who had a small number of close friends generally tended to be happier than those who had a large number of superficial（关系浅表的）friends.（研究人员发现，那些有少数亲密朋友的人通常比那些有着大量肤浅朋友的人更快乐。）”可知，那些有少数亲密朋友的人通常比那些有许多关系浅薄的朋友的人更快乐。故选B项。
2. 推理判断题。根据第四段“He found that older people tended to have smaller social circles than young people, but the people in these circles tended to be closer to them. He also found that younger people tended to have larger social circles that were made up of “peripheral(次要的) others”— people who are not their true friends, but just the ones they know. These people had no influence on their happiness.（他发现，老年人的社交圈往往比年轻人小，但社交圈里的人往往与他们更亲近。他还发现，年轻人往往有更大的社交圈，这些社交圈由“外围人”组成——这些人不是他们真正的朋友，只是他们认识的人。这些人对他们的幸福没有影响。）可知，研究发现，尽管较年长的人的社交圈比年轻人小，但圈子里的人往往和他们之间的关系更亲密。由此可知，较年长的人的朋友质量更高。故选A项 。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段Bruine de Bruin的话中的“In fact, older adults tend to report a better sense of well-being than younger adults（事实上，老年人往往比年轻人更幸福。）”可知，她认为较年长的人往往比年轻人的幸福感更强。故选B项。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But as it turns out, people are happiest when their friends are high quality - not high quantity.（但事实证明，人们最快乐的时候是他们的朋友质量高，而不是数量多）”可知，文章主要介绍了一项关于人的幸福感与其朋友数量和质量的关系的研究。研究发现，影响一个人幸福感的并非是其拥有朋友的数量，而是其朋友的质量。故选D项。
C
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
8. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text
A. Pocket parks are now popular. B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C. Many cities are overpopulated. D. People enjoy living close to nature.
9. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories
A. To compare different types of park-goers. B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C. To analyze the main features of the park. D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
10. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5
A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different forms.
D. The nature language enhances work performance.
11. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn
A. Language study. B. Environmental conservation.
C. Public education. D. Intercultural communication.
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。城市化让人们越来越难以接触到自然，但一项新研究发现城市中的野生自然对人类健康和幸福感具有重要影响。研究团队对一座大型城市公园的游客进行调查，发现与野生自然的互动可以创造出一种可用的语言，帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。该研究呼吁保护城市中的野生自然。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段内容“As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.(随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的)”可知，文章开头作者讲述了一种现象，在城市里，人们很难找到野生的自然。故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. (他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在网上提交一份书面总结，描述他们在公园里与大自然有意义的互动。然后，研究人员检查了这些提交的信息，将体验分为不同的类别)”可知，研究人员按照公园游客提交的在公园里与大自然互动的活动把游客分类，再根据第四段“Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. (在这320份提交的作品中，一种被研究人员称为“自然语言”的分类模式开始出现。在对所有提交的内容进行编码后，有六个类别被认为对游客最重要)”可知，研究人员对参与者提交的内容进行了分类，以便在游客的总结中找到模式，并确定对游客最重要的自然体验。通过这样做，他们能够创造一种“自然语言”，帮助人们认识并参与对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动。选项D准确地反映了这一目的。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. (命名每一种自然体验创造了一种可用的语言，这有助于人们认识并参与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。例如，沿着水边散步的经历可能会让一个年轻的专业人士在周末去公园徒步旅行时感到满意。在工作日回到市中心，他们可以在午休时沿着喷泉散步，享受一种更居家的互动方式)”可知，本段讲述了自然体验创造一种可用的语言，有助于人们识别并参与对自己来说最满意最有意义的活动，接下来以一个年轻的专业人士参与自然的方式举例说明，去公园时沿着水边散步让他感到满意，回到市中心工作时他可以通过沿着喷泉散步获得满足。因此推知，从第五段的例子中我们可以知道一样的自然体验可以呈现不同的形式。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study. (“我们正试图创造一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动带回我们的日常生活中。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与它互动，”该研究的资深作者彼得·卡恩说。)”可推断，彼得·卡恩认为在我们与大自然互动之前我们应该先要保护自然。故选B。
D
A growing body of research suggests that the gut microbiome (消化道菌群) could play a major role in a rising chronic disease that makes us physically weaker. The illness, which is commonly called chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), is characterized by intense fatigue, gastrointestinal (胃肠道) issues, muscle pain, and cognitive challenges such as headaches and difficulty concentrating, among other symptoms. It often follows a viral infection which can lead to a “disruption” in a balanced gut ecosystem. Actually, an increasing number of Americans have been the sufferers since the outbreak of COVID-19.
Two recent studies published in Cell Host &Microbe point to changes in the microbiome as a possible cause of CFS. Research groups at Columbia University and the Jackson Laboratory performed detailed analyses of the microbes in stool (粪便) samples from patients with CFS and compared them to healthy controls.
The two groups found similar bacteria species were less present in CFS patients compared to control patients. They focused on bacteria that produce butyrate, a fatty acid involved in regulating metabolism and the immune system. “Butyrate plays several roles in directing the body’s response to infections, while also protecting the barrier between the intestine (肠) and the circulatory system, regulating genetic changes in cells, and more,” says Brent Williams, lead author on the Columbia study. Williams and his colleagues extensively analyzed the role of butyrate in CFS patients’ guts, even identifying a correlation between low levels of bacteria that produce this acid and more severe symptoms.
Parallel findings from the Jackson Laboratory team suggest the bacteria that produce butyrate could be used to diagnose CFS. Previous research has identified microbiome issues in CFS patients, but the new findings help clarify which microbes could be related to the illness.
More research on butyrate-producing bacteria and other species identified in the studies is necessary to investigate these potential biomarkers of CFS, the authors say. If the findings are replicated, specific gut bacteria could be used to diagnose the illness, which is currently identified based on symptoms alone.
The findings additionally point toward possible treatments, such as probiotics or microbiome-focused diet adjustments—though patients who have been sick for long periods may require drugs that alleviate the damage done to their metabolism or immune system.
12. What do we know about CFS
A. It is caused by COVID-19 only. B. It is an illness with systemic symptoms.
C. It breaks the balance of the gut ecosystem. D. The number of the infected is on the decrease.
13. How did the researcher carry out the recent studies
A. By controlling data. B. By identifying genes.
C By analyzing samples. D. By comparing symptoms.
14. Which of the following is NOT the significance of the recent researches
A. Butyrate’s multiple functions are promoted.
B. Targeted gut microbes may be used to diagnose CFS.
C. Certain microbes responsible for CFS are narrowed down.
D. Probiotics supplement with drugs can be a treatment for CFS.
15. What is the text mainly about
A. Gut microbiome may be the key to CFS. B. Microbes help digest food and aid absorption.
C. Man’s gut is a rich, diverse tropical rainforest. D. New method for diagnosing CFS are provided.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。越来越多的研究表明，肠道微生物群可能在越来越多的慢性疾病中发挥重要作用。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及其研究发现的意义。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The illness, which is commonly called chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), is characterized by intense fatigue, gastrointestinal (胃肠道的) issues, muscle pain, and cognitive challenges such as headaches and difficulty concentrating, among other symptoms.(这种疾病通常被称为慢性疲劳综合征（CFS），其特征是强烈的疲劳、胃肠道问题、肌肉疼痛和认知挑战，如头痛和注意力不集中等症状)”可知，慢性疲劳综合症是一种有全身性症状的疾病。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Research groups at Columbia University and the Jackson Laboratory performed detailed analyses of the microbes in stool (粪便) samples from patients with CFS and compared them to healthy controls.(哥伦比亚大学和杰克逊实验室的研究小组对慢性疲劳综合症患者粪便样本中的微生物进行了详细分析，并将其与健康对照进行了比较)”可知，研究人员通过分析样本进行的研究。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Parallel findings from the Jackson Laboratory team suggest the bacteria that produce butyrate could be used to diagnose CFS.(杰克逊实验室团队的类似发现表明，产生丁酸盐的细菌可以用来诊断慢性疲劳综合症)”；倒数第二段“If the findings are replicated, specific gut bacteria could be used to diagnose the illness, which is currently identified based on symptoms alone.(如果这些发现被复制，特定的肠道细菌可以用来诊断疾病，目前仅根据症状来识别疾病)”以及最后一段“The findings additionally point toward possible treatments, such as probiotics or microbiome-focused diet adjustments—though patients who have been sick for long periods may require drugs that alleviate the damage done to their metabolism or immune system.(研究结果还指出了可能的治疗方法，比如益生菌或以微生物群为重点的饮食调整——尽管长期患病的患者可能需要药物来减轻对新陈代谢或免疫系统的损害)”可知，A选项“促进丁酸盐的多种功能”不是研究的意义。故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“A growing body of research suggests that the gut microbiome (消化道菌群) could play a major role in a rising chronic disease that makes us physically weaker. The illness, which is commonly called chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), is characterized by intense fatigue, gastrointestinal (胃肠道的) issues, muscle pain, and cognitive challenges such as headaches and difficulty concentrating, among other symptoms.(越来越多的研究表明，肠道微生物群可能在越来越多的慢性疾病中发挥重要作用，这些疾病会使我们的身体变得更弱。这种疾病通常被称为慢性疲劳综合征（CFS），其特征是剧烈疲劳、胃肠道问题、肌肉疼痛和认知挑战，如头痛和注意力不集中等症状)”结合文章介绍了一项研究开展的过程以及其研究发现的意义可知，这篇文章的主要讲述肠道微生物群可能是慢性疲劳综合症的关键。故选A。
第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
People refer to never forgetting how to ride a bike or throw a baseball as examples of “muscle memory”, the result of a motor learning. _____16_____ It is a phenomenon that previously trained muscles acquire strength after a period of disuse.
Previous research has shown that the changes actually persist in the muscles themselves. In one study of mice, the results suggest that after nuclei in muscle cells multiply in response to an overload of training, those extra nuclei aren’t lost during subsequent periods of inactivity. They are retained (保留), essentially waiting to be reactivated. If you fell off the fitness wagon (马车) during the pandemic, don’t be frustrated. Once you have got additional nuclei, you are banking the capacity. _____17_____ In fact, a recent study revealed that less than eight weeks of retraining were needed to regain your former fitness. It depends on how fit you were initially, how long the layoff was, how old you are and how long you’d been exercising.
_____18_____ It means you still have a distinct advantage when it comes to regaining your former level of fitness. And the principle applies to both resistance training and endurance training. The best way to regain your muscle memory is to start at a level below what you were accustomed to doing, and then gradually increase in terms of duration, frequency, then intensity. _____19_____
Ultimately, muscle memory is a payoff for all the past work you put into learning a sport. _____20_____ You will never know how much muscle memory you may have until you start training again.
A. The best way to tap into it is to “get back on the horse”.
B. Physiologists, on the other hand, define it in a different way.
C. This convinces the researchers that muscle memory may not be long lasting.
D. That is to say, we can do the sports automatically without conscious thought.
E. It is generally safe to increase these elements by 5 percent every week or two.
F. It is evident that the more you exercise, the more muscle memory savings you will have.
G. All this news about muscle memory is encouraging for those who fell off the fitness scheme.
【答案】16. B 17. A 18. G 19. E 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了运动中肌肉记忆这一现象，肌肉记忆是你过去为学习一项运动所付出的所有努力的回报，你锻炼得越多，你的肌肉记忆就会储存得越多。即使健身中断，当重新健身，还是有明显的优势的。
【16题详解】
下文“It is a phenomenon that previously trained muscles acquire strength after a period of disuse. (这是一种现象，以前训练过的肌肉在一段时间不使用后获得力量)”是从生理学对运动作的一个定义。结合选项，B项“Physiologists, on the other hand, define it in a different way. (另一方面，生理学家则用不同的方式来定义它)”引起下文，语意一致。故选B。
【17题详解】
前文“If you fell off the fitness wagon (马车) during the pandemic, don’t be frustrated. Once you have got additional nuclei, you are banking the capacity. (如果你在疫情期间放弃了健身计划，不要沮丧。一旦你有了额外的核，你就储存了容量)”介绍如果健身计划中断，也没有关系。下文“In fact, a recent study revealed that less than eight weeks of retraining were needed to regain your former fitness. (事实上，最近的一项研究表明，不到八周的再训练就能恢复你以前的健康)”介绍如果中断健身以后，不到八周的再训练就能恢复你以前的健康。结合选项，A项“The best way to tap into it is to “get back on the horse”. (进入这种状态的最好方法是“重新开始”)”承接上文的“因为疫情放弃了健身计划”，所以要重新开始，启下“重新开始很快就能恢复以前的状态”。故选A。
【18题详解】
下文“It means you still have a distinct advantage when it comes to regaining your former level of fitness. (这意味着当你恢复到以前的健康水平时，你仍然有明显的优势)”介绍即使健身中断，当重新健身，还是有明显的优势的。结合选项，G项“All this news about muscle memory is encouraging for those who fell off the fitness scheme. (所有这些关于肌肉记忆的新闻对那些放弃健身计划的人来说都是鼓舞人心的)”与后文之间为前后照应关系，鼓舞人心的是：当你恢复到以前的健康水平时，你仍然有明显的优势。故选G。
【19题详解】
前文“The best way to regain your muscle memory is to start at a level below what you were accustomed to doing, and then gradually increase in terms of duration, frequency, then intensity. (恢复肌肉记忆的最好方法是从低于你习惯的水平开始，然后逐渐增加持续时间、频率和强度)”介绍恢复肌肉记忆的具体方法。结合选项，E项“It is generally safe to increase these elements by 5 percent every week or two. (一般来说，每一两周增加5%的这些元素是安全的)”仍为恢复肌肉记忆的具体方法，为细节的延续。故选E。
【20题详解】
前文“Ultimately, muscle memory is a payoff for all the past work you put into learning a sport. (最终，肌肉记忆是你过去为学习一项运动所付出的所有努力的回报)”介绍肌肉记忆是你过去为学习一项运动所付出的所有努力的回报。结合选项，F项“It is evident that the more you exercise, the more muscle memory savings you will have. (很明显，你锻炼得越多，你的肌肉记忆就会储存得越多)”为前文的同义句，努力越多，回报越多；锻炼越多，肌肉记忆就会储存得越多。故选F。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Izzi Dymalovski is a young girl from Melbourne, Australia. At the early age of just eight, she asked her mother if she could use some of her skincare products to ___21___ makeup after her dance performance. Her mother said that the products were meant for adults ___22___ the chemicals they contained. They were not ___23___ for young girls who were still developing. Izzi’s mother ___24___ that she should use baby products in order to clean makeup. However, it was not satisfying to use baby products for young kids. Izzi was a bit ___25___.
Izzi’s mother gave a suggestion to her daughter: allow time and make a(n) ___26___ to create her own skincare products. The product formulas (配方) could be ___27___ using ingredients (成分) that were safe for kids.
Izzi immediately jumped into action and began working on the logo, brand, and even packaging ___28___. Then Izzi created a face wash, body wash and face moisturizer. At the age of thirteen, she ___29___ her own skincare line. Later, she became a young entrepreneur (企业家). By doing so, Izzi changed an unhappy experience into an amazing ____30____. At present, her ____31____ sell well online. Many teens want to ____32____ different jobs when possible. Instead of ____33____ the same summer job each year, try filling your time with other different work. If you’re really ____34____, try your hand at starting your own ____35____ and becoming a teen entrepreneur.
21. A. cover B. improve C. protect D. remove
22. A. in spite of B. due to C. except for D. regardless of
23. A. suitable B. effective C. necessary D. practical
24. A. requested B. complained C. regretted D. advised
25. A. embarrassed B. delighted C. upset D. puzzled
26. A. reply B. effort C. agreement D. promise
27. A. designed B. discovered C. copied D. refused
28. A. honestly B. actively C. gratefully D. proudly
29. A. launched B. imagined C. recorded D. valued
30. A. task B. habit C. dream D. career
31. A. products B. collections C. books D. pictures
32. A. observe B. judge C. explore D. abandon
33. A. applying for B. troubling with C. reacting to D. cheering for
34. A. young B. brave C. careful D. generous
35. A. performance B. course C. business D. duty
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Izzi Dymalovski在妈妈的建议下，推出了自己的护肤品系列，成为了一名年轻的企业家的故事。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她八岁的时候，她问母亲是否可以在她的舞蹈表演后用一些护肤品来卸妆。A. cover覆盖；B. improve改进；C. protect保护；D. remove去除，移除。由下文“Izzi’s mother 4 that she should use baby products in order to clean makeup.”可知，Lzzi这里是想“卸妆”。故选D项。
【22题详解】
考查介词词组辨析。句意：她的母亲说，由于它们含有化学物质，这些产品是为成年人准备的。A. in spite of尽管；B. due to由于；C. except for除…以外；D. regardless of不管，不顾。由下文“They were not 3 for young girls who were still developing.”可知，护肤品的成分使得它们适用于成年人，而due to引出可以给成年人使用的原因，符合语境。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们不适合仍在发育中的年轻女孩。A. suitable合适的；B. effective有效的；C. necessary必要的；D. practical实际的。由下文 “young girls who were still developing”可知，这种含化学物质的产品“不适合”正在发育的年轻女孩子。be not suitable for意为“不适合...”，符合句意。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Izzi的妈妈建议她应该使用婴儿用品来清洁化妆品。A. requested要求；B. complained抱怨；C. regretted遗憾；D. advised建议。由下文“should”和“a suggestion”可知，上文是在提“建议”。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Izzi有点不高兴。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. delighted高兴的；C. upset悲伤的；D. puzzled困惑的。由上文“However,it was not satisfying to use baby products for young kids”可知，Izzi 有点伤心；再从下文“By doing so, Izzi changed an unhappy experience into an amazing 10 ”也可知，这里应表示她有点“悲伤”。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Izzi的母亲给了女儿一个建议：慢慢来，努力创造自己的护肤品。A. reply回答；B. effort努力；C. agreement同意；D. promise承诺。由下文“create her own skincare products”可知，她妈妈建议她“努力”打造自己的护肤品。make an effort意为“努力”，符合语境。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：产品配方可以使用对儿童安全的成分设计。A. designed设计；B. discovered发现；C. copied抄写；D. refused拒绝。由下文“using ingredients(成分)that were safe for kids”以及结合语境可知，新“设计”的产品配方成分应该对孩童无害。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：Izzi立即行动起来，开始积极地设计标志、品牌，甚至包装。A. honestly诚实地；B. actively积极地；C. gratefully感激地；D. proudly骄傲地。由上文“jump into(急于做某事；开始投入)”可知，她是非常“积极的”做这些事。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：13岁时，她推出了自己的护肤品系列。A. launched推出（新产品）；B. imagined想象；C. recorded记录；D. valued估量。由下文“her own skincare line”以及结合语境可知，她“推出了”自己的护肤品系列。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过这样做，Izzi将一段不愉快的经历变成了一份令人惊叹的职业。A. task任务；B. habit习惯；C. dream梦想；D. career事业。根据上文“Later,she became a young entrepreneur”可知，Izzi成就了自己的“事业”。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：目前，她的产品在网上卖得很好。A. products产品；B. collections收藏；C. books书；D. pictures图片。根据上文“At the age of thirteen, she 9 her own skincare line”可知，所以这里应指的是她的“产品”。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多青少年想尽可能去探索不同的工作。A. observe观察；B. judge判断；C. explore探索；D. abandon放弃，舍弃。由上文“she 9 her own skincare line”以及结合语境可知，作者这里建议其他青少年也可以“探索”新工作。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：与其每年申请同一份暑期工作，不如试着用其它不同的工作来打发时间。A. applying for申请；B. troubling with麻烦；C. reacting to对...作出反应；D. cheering for为...庆祝。由下文“try filling your time with other different work”可知，作者这里不建议每年都“申请”同一份暑期工 。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你真的很勇敢，试着自己创业，成为一名青少年企业家。A. young年轻的；B. brave勇敢的；C. careful仔细的；D. generous慷慨的。由下文“try your hand at starting your own 15 ”可知，这里应表示如果你有“勇气”，就去自主创业。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你真的很勇敢，试着自己创业，成为一名青少年企业家。A. performance表现；B. course课程；C. business生意，事业；D. duty职责。由下文“becoming a teen entrepreneur”可知，这里应指开创自己的“事业”。故选C项。
第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The local government of Zibo issued two open letters to all citizens. The government extended its gratitude for the citizens’ ____36____ (warm) and hospitality toward visitors coming to enjoy the city’s signature barbecue, ____37____ has recently become a hit across the country.
Since early March, Zibo local barbecue ____38____ (cause) a sensation online. But how did Zibo rise to fame From July 2022 to February 2023, Zibo organized many trips to the city for university students. Despite reaching peak visitation numbers, there was no sense of panic. Instead, several supportive ____39____ (policy) were promptly introduced, such as establishing a “Golden Stove Award”, forming a barbecue association, creating a map of Zibo barbecue restaurants, ____40____ launching 21 dedicated tourist routes that go beyond just barbecue.
Zibo’s sudden boom in popularity also resulted ____41____ the post-pandemic tourism revival China has experienced. The city aims to restore ____42____ (it) tourism industry and ensure sustainable growth. ____43____ (achieve) this goal, it has created ____44____ welcoming environment with convenient services for young people, particularly university students. The city has also invited students from distinguished universities to visit Zibo for free, _____45_____ (signal) its eagerness to attract talented young individuals.
【答案】36. warmth
37. which 38. has caused
39. policies
40. and 41. from
42. its 43. To achieve
44. a 45. signaling##signalling
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了淄博烧烤。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：政府对市民对游客的热情好客表示感谢，他们来这里享受城市标志性的烧烤，这一烧烤最近在全国范围内受到欢迎。名词所有格citizens’后接名词warmth作宾语，为不可数名词。故填warmth。
【37题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：政府对市民对游客的热情好客表示感谢，他们来这里享受城市标志性的烧烤，这一烧烤最近在全国范围内受到欢迎。句中先行词为the city’s signature barbecue，指物，关系词在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。
【38题详解】
考查时态。句意：自3月初以来，淄博本地烧烤在网上引起了轰动。根据时间状语Since early March可知，用现在完成时。主语Zibo local barbecue为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has caused。
【39题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：相反，政府迅速出台了一系列扶持政策，比如设立“金炉奖”、成立烧烤协会、制作淄博烧烤店地图、推出21条不局限于烧烤的旅游专线。根据形容词several和谓语动词were可知，用名词的复数形式作主语。故填policies。
【40题详解】
考查连词。句意：相反，政府迅速出台了一系列扶持政策，比如设立“金炉奖”、成立烧烤协会、制作淄博烧烤店地图、推出21条不局限于烧烤的旅游专线。句中establishing a “Golden Stove Award”，forming a barbecue association，creating a map of Zibo barbecue restaurants和 launching 21 dedicated tourist routes为并列关系，所以用并列连词and。故填and。
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意：淄博人气的突飞猛进也得益于疫情后中国旅游业的复苏。result from固定搭配，意为“起因于”。故填from。
【42题详解】
考查代词。句意：该市的目标是恢复其旅游业，并确保可持续增长。名词tourism industry前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了实现这一目标，它为年轻人，特别是大学生创造了一个温馨的环境和便利的服务。用不定式，在句中作目的状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填To achieve。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意：为了实现这一目标，它为年轻人，特别是大学生创造了一个温馨的环境和便利的服务。名词environment为可数名词，泛指，且welcoming发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：淄博还邀请著名大学的学生免费参观淄博，这表明该市渴望吸引有才华的年轻人。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。表示自然而然的结果，所以现在分词作结果状语。故填signaling/signalling。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论人类是否应该进行太空探索。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给该报写封信，反映讨论结果，并提出自己的看法。
40%的同学反对：
1. 浪费金钱，这些钱原本可以解决地球上的饥饿、贫困等问题；2. 可能会污染太空里的环境。
60%同学赞成：
1. 能更好地应对自然灾害；2. 可进行地球上无法进行的科学实验。
注意：1. 词数100词左右；
2. 可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头已为你拟好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：贫困poverty
Dear Editor,
Recently our class have had a heated discussion about whether it is worthwhile for mankind to explore the space.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Editor,
Recently our class had a heated discussion about whether it is worthwhile for mankind to explore space. The opinions were divided with 40% of the students opposing the idea and 60% supporting it.
Those who are against space exploration argue that it is a waste of money, which could be used to solve pressing issues like poverty and hunger on Earth. They also worry about the potential pollution that may occur in space, which could further harm our environment.
On the other hand, the majority of students support space exploration. They believe that it provides us with a better means to cope with natural disasters. Moreover, conducting scientific experiments in space could lead to groundbreaking discoveries, as some experiments can only be conducted in a zero-gravity environment.
Personally, I find myself leaning towards supporting space exploration. While I acknowledge the concerns about the cost and potential pollution, I believe that the benefits outweigh the drawbacks.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于议论文。假定你是李华，最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论人类是否应该进行太空探索。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给该报写封信，反映讨论结果，并提出自己的看法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
观点：opinion→viewpoint
解决：solve→resolve
处理：cope with→deal with
反对：be against→be opposed to
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：They believe that it provides us with a better means to cope with natural disasters.
拓展句：They hold the belief that it provides us with a better means to cope with natural disasters.
【点睛】[高分句型1] They also worry about the potential pollution that may occur in space, which could further harm our environment. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Recently our class had a heated discussion about whether it is worthwhile for mankind to explore space. (运用了whether引导宾语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Joey was so excited he could hardly wait to get to the store. He walked so fast that his sister Beth had to run. “Do you have to hurry like that ” she puffed. On his way from school he had seen that baseball cap in Rogers’ store window. Only a dollar, and this was the last cap! Joey had looked at the cap a long time. He wanted it more than anything. Every boy at school had one.
Joey thought of his piggy bank, into which he put every coin for running errands (差使) for his family and neighbors.
Joey raced home, not stopping for anything. He held the fat iron pig, opened it carefully, and poured out the coins. Ten...twenty...thirty...ninety cents. If only he had one more dime (一角硬币)!
Lost in thought, Joey stared out the window. “What’s wrong, Joey ” asked Mother. Joey told about the money and the cap. “If you give me what you have, I’ll add a dime,” Mother said, handing him a dollar bill. “I’ll have some errands for you tomorrow.”
Joey jumped up. “Oh, thanks, Mom. That’s great!” And away went Joey and Beth to the store with the dollar bill in Joey’s pocket.
They turned the last corner. Ahead was a group of boys and girls, talking heatedly and looking down at the sidewalk.
One of the children was Ronny, a new boy who had been in this town only a short time. Ronny’s father had been sick, so there wasn’t much money for extras - like baseball cap.
“What’s the matter ” Beth asked, anxiously.
“It’s Ronny,” answered Susan. “He’s been working and finally saved up a whole dollar, and now it’s lost!”
Joey went over to Ronny.
“We’ll all help look. We’ll find it!”
“Ronny was going to get that last cap in Rogers’ window,” put in Billy.
“I wanted it a lot. I want to join them.” Ronny said slowly.
Suddenly Joey remembered how Ronny had watched the fellows playing baseball, his eyes lighting up eagerly as they shouted and ran.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为 150 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Joey stared at the ground, thinking hard.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Forcing a smile, Joey showed Beth the empty pocket.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Joey stared at the ground, thinking hard. That cap would make Ronny feel he really belonged to the fellow group. But he himself had longed for it so much. He bit his lower lips, with his hand tightly clutching the dollar. Ronny’s words constantly flashed through his mind. It hit him that he should do something nice for Ronny. He bent down and gave a shout, “Look! Look here!” They all crowded around. There almost hidden in the leaves was the unmistakable green of a dollar bill! Overwhelmingly excited and delighted, Ronny picked up the bill. “Come on!” someone shouted, and they then made a dash for the store. “Why not come together and get something else with your dollar ” Beth asked Joey.
Forcing a smile, Joey showed Beth the empty pocket. Eyes wide open, Beth uttered in surprise, “Joey, you didn’t really find Ronny’s dollar. It was yours.” Joey nodded, a broad smile flickering across his face. He explained in a calm tone that the baseball cap mattered a lot more to Ronny. With the cap, he thought, Ronny would feel it easier to fit in with others. After knowing what her brother had done, Beth felt a flush of pride flooding over her. And not far away from them, Ronny was among the group of boys, wearing his new cap. The look on his face made Joey feel good-very good. The one dollar had traded what he thought was more than a cap.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了主人公乔伊用自己的一美元帮助罗尼买棒球帽的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“乔伊盯着地面，沉思着。”可知，第一段可描写乔伊决定帮助罗尼买取棒球帽的经过。
②由第二段首句内容“乔伊勉强笑了笑，把空口袋拿给贝丝看。”可知，第二段可描写贝丝知道了哥哥的所作所为后，一阵自豪感涌上心头以及乔伊的感受。
2.续写线索：乔伊盯着地面，沉思着——乔伊决定帮助罗尼——罗尼找到了一美元——乔伊把一美元给了罗尼——贝丝知道了哥哥的所作所为——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①渴望：long for/thirst for/desire
②突然想到：hit/occur to
③说，讲：uttered /said/spoke
情绪类
①兴奋的，激动的：excited/agitated/thrilled
②高兴的：delighted/glad/happy
【点睛】[高分句型1]He bit his lower lips, with his hand tightly clutching the dollar.（运用了with的复合结构作状语）
[高分句型2]Overwhelmingly excited and delighted, Ronny picked up the bill.（运用了并列形容词短语作状语）
[高分句型3]He explained in a calm tone that the baseball cap mattered a lot more to Ronny.（运用了从属连词that引导的宾语从句）重庆缙云教育联盟2022-2023学年(下)期末质量检测
高一英语
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生务必用黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚;
2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，在试卷上作答无效;
3.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回;
4.全卷共9页，满分120分，听力部分另行测试，考试时间100分钟。
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Where to Eat in Bangkok
Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options. Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure.
Nahm
Offering Thai fine dining. Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary (烹饪的) experiences. It’s the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the world’s 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.
Issaya Siamese Club
Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods.
Bo.lan
Bo.lan has been making waves in Bangkok’s culinary scene since it opened in 2009. Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere, the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine’s roots, yet still manages to add a special twist. This place is good for a candle-lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food. For those extremely hungry, there’s a large set menu.
Gaggan
Earning first place on the latest “Asia’s 50 best restaurants” list, progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of the most exciting venues (场所) to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. Culinary theater at its best.
1. What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common
A. They adopt modern cooking methods. B. They have branches in London.
C. They have top-class chefs. D. They are based in hotels.
2. Which restaurant offers a large set menu
A. Gaggan. B. Bo. lan. C. Issaya Siamese Club. D. Nahm.
3. What is special about Gaggan
A. It hires staff from India. B. It puts on a play every day.
C. It serves hard-to-find local dishes. D. It shows the cooking process to guests.
B
In this digital age, people measure their popularity by the number of “likes” and followers they get on social media. But as it turns out, people are happier when their friends are of high quality rather than huge quantity.
Scientists from the University of Leeds in the UK studied data from two online surveys of nearly 1,500 people. Those who took the survey gave details about their age, social interactions, and how satisfied they were with their social lives. The researchers found that those who had a small number of close friends generally tended to be happier than those who had a large number of superficial (关系浅表的) friends.
“Loneliness has less to do with the number of friends you have, and more to do with how you feel about your friends,” said Bruine de Bruin, one of the researchers.
He found that older people tended to have smaller social circles than young people, but the people in these circles tended to be closer to them. He also found that younger people tended to have larger social circles that were made up of “peripheral(次要的) others”— people who are not their true friends, but just the ones they know. These people had no influence on their happiness.
The results of the study show that the opinion society has about old people being sad and lonely might not be accurate.
“The research shows that older adults’ smaller networks don’t decrease their social satisfaction and happiness. In fact older adults tend to report a better sense of well-being than younger adults,” said Bruine de Bruin.
4. According to the study people tend to be happier when they ______.
A. have friends of huge quantity B. have a small circle of close friends
C. have a lot of followers on social media D. make friends with older people
5. What do we know from paragraph 4
A. Older people’s friends seem to be of higher quality.
B. Younger people don’t need to make peripheral friends.
C. Older people’s happiness has nothing to do with their friends.
D. Both older and younger people find it hard to make close friends.
6. Which word might Bruine de Bruin use to describe older adults
A. Sad. B. Happy. C. Lonely. D. Concerned
7. What is the focus of this article
A. Different types of friends in one’s life.
B. Changes in people’s happiness levels.
C. Interactions between older and younger people.
D. The relationship between happiness and the quality and quantity of friends.
C
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
8. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text
A. Pocket parks are now popular. B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C. Many cities are overpopulated. D. People enjoy living close to nature.
9. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories
A. To compare different types of park-goers. B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C. To analyze the main features of the park. D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
10. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5
A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different forms.
D. The nature language enhances work performance.
11. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn
A. Language study. B. Environmental conservation.
C. Public education. D. Intercultural communication.
D
A growing body of research suggests that the gut microbiome (消化道菌群) could play a major role in a rising chronic disease that makes us physically weaker. The illness, which is commonly called chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), is characterized by intense fatigue, gastrointestinal (胃肠道的) issues, muscle pain, and cognitive challenges such as headaches and difficulty concentrating, among other symptoms. It often follows a viral infection which can lead to a “disruption” in a balanced gut ecosystem. Actually, an increasing number of Americans have been the sufferers since the outbreak of COVID-19.
Two recent studies published in Cell Host &Microbe point to changes in the microbiome as a possible cause of CFS. Research groups at Columbia University and the Jackson Laboratory performed detailed analyses of the microbes in stool (粪便) samples from patients with CFS and compared them to healthy controls.
The two groups found similar bacteria species were less present in CFS patients compared to control patients. They focused on bacteria that produce butyrate, a fatty acid involved in regulating metabolism and the immune system. “Butyrate plays several roles in directing the body’s response to infections, while also protecting the barrier between the intestine (肠) and the circulatory system, regulating genetic changes in cells, and more,” says Brent Williams, lead author on the Columbia study. Williams and his colleagues extensively analyzed the role of butyrate in CFS patients’ guts, even identifying a correlation between low levels of bacteria that produce this acid and more severe symptoms.
Parallel findings from the Jackson Laboratory team suggest the bacteria that produce butyrate could be used to diagnose CFS. Previous research has identified microbiome issues in CFS patients, but the new findings help clarify which microbes could be related to the illness.
More research on butyrate-producing bacteria and other species identified in the studies is necessary to investigate these potential biomarkers of CFS, the authors say. If the findings are replicated, specific gut bacteria could be used to diagnose the illness, which is currently identified based on symptoms alone.
The findings additionally point toward possible treatments such as probiotics or microbiome-focused diet adjustments—though patients who have been sick for long periods may require drugs that alleviate the damage done to their metabolism or immune system.
12 What do we know about CFS
A. It is caused by COVID-19 only. B. It is an illness with systemic symptoms.
C. It breaks the balance of the gut ecosystem. D. The number of the infected is on the decrease.
13. How did the researcher carry out the recent studies
A. By controlling data. B. By identifying genes.
C. By analyzing samples. D. By comparing symptoms.
14. Which of the following is NOT the significance of the recent researches
A. Butyrate’s multiple functions are promoted.
B. Targeted gut microbes may be used to diagnose CFS.
C. Certain microbes responsible for CFS are narrowed down.
D. Probiotics supplement with drugs can be a treatment for CFS.
15. What is the text mainly about
A. Gut microbiome may be the key to CFS. B. Microbes help digest food and aid absorption.
C. Man’s gut is a rich, diverse tropical rainforest. D. New method for diagnosing CFS are provided.
第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
People refer to never forgetting how to ride a bike or throw a baseball as examples of “muscle memory”, the result of a motor learning. _____16_____ It is a phenomenon that previously trained muscles acquire strength after a period of disuse.
Previous research has shown that the changes actually persist in the muscles themselves. In one study of mice, the results suggest that after nuclei in muscle cells multiply in response to an overload of training, those extra nuclei aren’t lost during subsequent periods of inactivity. They are retained (保留), essentially waiting to be reactivated. If you fell off the fitness wagon (马车) during the pandemic, don’t be frustrated. Once you have got additional nuclei, you are banking the capacity. _____17_____ In fact, a recent study revealed that less than eight weeks of retraining were needed to regain your former fitness. It depends on how fit you were initially, how long the layoff was, how old you are and how long you’d been exercising.
_____18_____ It means you still have a distinct advantage when it comes to regaining your former level of fitness. And the principle applies to both resistance training and endurance training. The best way to regain your muscle memory is to start at a level below what you were accustomed to doing, and then gradually increase in terms of duration, frequency, then intensity. _____19_____
Ultimately, muscle memory is a payoff for all the past work you put into learning a sport. _____20_____ You will never know how much muscle memory you may have until you start training again.
A. The best way to tap into it is to “get back on the horse”.
B. Physiologists, on the other hand, define it in a different way.
C. This convinces the researchers that muscle memory may not be long lasting.
D. That is to say, we can do the sports automatically without conscious thought.
E. It is generally safe to increase these elements by 5 percent every week or two.
F. It is evident that the more you exercise, the more muscle memory savings you will have.
G. All this news about muscle memory is encouraging for those who fell off the fitness scheme.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Izzi Dymalovski is a young girl from Melbourne, Australia. At the early age of just eight, she asked her mother if she could use some of her skincare products to ___21___ makeup after her dance performance. Her mother said that the products were meant for adults ___22___ the chemicals they contained. They were not ___23___ for young girls who were still developing. Izzi’s mother ___24___ that she should use baby products in order to clean makeup. However, it was not satisfying to use baby products for young kids. Izzi was a bit ___25___.
Izzi’s mother gave a suggestion to her daughter: allow time and make a(n) ___26___ to create her own skincare products. The product formulas (配方) could be ___27___ using ingredients (成分) that were safe for kids.
Izzi immediately jumped into action and began working on the logo, brand, and even packaging ___28___. Then Izzi created a face wash, body wash and face moisturizer. At the age of thirteen, she ___29___ her own skincare line. Later, she became a young entrepreneur (企业家). By doing so, Izzi changed an unhappy experience into an amazing ____30____. At present, her ____31____ sell well online. Many teens want to ____32____ different jobs when possible. Instead of ____33____ the same summer job each year, try filling your time with other different work. If you’re really ____34____, try your hand at starting your own ____35____ and becoming a teen entrepreneur.
21. A. cover B. improve C. protect D. remove
22. A. in spite of B. due to C. except for D. regardless of
23. A. suitable B. effective C. necessary D. practical
24. A. requested B. complained C. regretted D. advised
25. A. embarrassed B. delighted C. upset D. puzzled
26. A. reply B. effort C. agreement D. promise
27. A. designed B. discovered C. copied D. refused
28. A. honestly B. actively C. gratefully D. proudly
29. A. launched B. imagined C. recorded D. valued
30. A. task B. habit C. dream D. career
31. A. products B. collections C. books D. pictures
32. A. observe B. judge C. explore D. abandon
33. A. applying for B. troubling with C. reacting to D. cheering for
34. A. young B. brave C. careful D. generous
35. A. performance B. course C. business D. duty
第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The local government of Zibo issued two open letters to all citizens. The government extended its gratitude for the citizens’ ____36____ (warm) and hospitality toward visitors coming to enjoy the city’s signature barbecue, ____37____ has recently become a hit across the country.
Since early March, Zibo local barbecue ____38____ (cause) a sensation online. But how did Zibo rise to fame From July 2022 to February 2023, Zibo organized many trips to the city for university students. Despite reaching peak visitation numbers, there was no sense of panic. Instead, several supportive ____39____ (policy) were promptly introduced, such as establishing a “Golden Stove Award”, forming a barbecue association, creating a map of Zibo barbecue restaurants, ____40____ launching 21 dedicated tourist routes that go beyond just barbecue.
Zibo’s sudden boom in popularity also resulted ____41____ the post-pandemic tourism revival China has experienced. The city aims to restore ____42____ (it) tourism industry and ensure sustainable growth. ____43____ (achieve) this goal, it has created ____44____ welcoming environment with convenient services for young people, particularly university students. The city has also invited students from distinguished universities to visit Zibo for free, _____45_____ (signal) its eagerness to attract talented young individuals.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论人类是否应该进行太空探索。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给该报写封信，反映讨论结果，并提出自己的看法。
40%的同学反对：
1. 浪费金钱，这些钱原本可以解决地球上的饥饿、贫困等问题；2. 可能会污染太空里的环境。
60%同学赞成：
1. 能更好地应对自然灾害；2. 可进行地球上无法进行的科学实验。
注意：1. 词数100词左右；
2 可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头已为你拟好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：贫困poverty
Dear Editor,
Recently our class have had a heated discussion about whether it is worthwhile for mankind to explore the space.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Joey was so excited he could hardly wait to get to the store. He walked so fast that his sister Beth had to run. “Do you have to hurry like that ” she puffed. On his way from school he had seen that baseball cap in Rogers’ store window. Only a dollar, and this was the last cap! Joey had looked at the cap a long time. He wanted it more than anything. Every boy at school had one.
Joey thought of his piggy bank, into which he put every coin for running errands (差使) for his family and neighbors.
Joey raced home, not stopping for anything. He held the fat iron pig, opened it carefully, and poured out the coins. Ten...twenty...thirty...ninety cents. If only he had one more dime (一角硬币)!
Lost in thought, Joey stared out the window. “What’s wrong, Joey ” asked Mother. Joey told about the money and the cap. “If you give me what you have, I’ll add a dime,” Mother said, handing him a dollar bill. “I’ll have some errands for you tomorrow.”
Joey jumped up. “Oh, thanks, Mom. That’s great!” And away went Joey and Beth to the store with the dollar bill in Joey’s pocket.
They turned the last corner. Ahead was a group of boys and girls, talking heatedly and looking down at the sidewalk.
One of the children was Ronny, a new boy who had been in this town only a short time. Ronny’s father had been sick, so there wasn’t much money for extras - like baseball cap.
“What’s the matter ” Beth asked, anxiously.
“It’s Ronny,” answered Susan. “He’s been working and finally saved up a whole dollar, and now it’s lost!”
Joey went over to Ronny.
“We’ll all help look. We’ll find it!”
“Ronny was going to get that last cap in Rogers’ window,” put in Billy.
“I wanted it a lot. I want to join them.” Ronny said slowly.
Suddenly Joey remembered how Ronny had watched the fellows playing baseball, his eyes lighting up eagerly as they shouted and ran.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为 150 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Joey stared at the ground, thinking hard.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Forcing a smile, Joey showed Beth the empty pocket.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
