Unit 9 I like music that I can dance to.定语从句用法及配套练习

初中英语定语从句用法及配套练习
一、定语从句的概念
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who (宾格whom，所有格whose)等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：
Mary likes music ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
2. which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：
The build ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
The film (which ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
3. who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：
The girl who ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )often helps me with my English is from England. 经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
Who is the te ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )acher (whom) Li Ming is talking to 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？(作宾语)
注意：(1) 当定语从句中含有介词， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：
This is the house in which we lived last year. 这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) me from whom you borrowed the English novel. 请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
(2) 含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：
This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。
(3) that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
(4) 关系词只能用that的情况：
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
b. 被修饰的先 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
Is there anythi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng that you want to buy in the shop 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？
c.先行词被the only， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which. 例如：
This is the same bike that I lost. 这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人和物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
I can remembe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：
Who is the girl that is crying 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？
f. 主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
(5) 关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：
a. 先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that. 例如：
What’s that which is under the desk 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？
b. 关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that. 例如：
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
c. 引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that. 例如：
Tom came back, hich made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
五、关系副词的用法
(1)when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：
This was the time when he arrived. 这是他到达的时间。
(2) where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：
This is place where he works. 这是他工作的地点。
(3) why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
关系副词when, where, why ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：
　 There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.　任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
　 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.　北京是我的出生地。
　 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer 　这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
六、判断关系代词与关系副词
　 方 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
　 This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
　 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
　 判断改错
　 （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（对） This is the mou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntain village (which) I visited last year.
　 （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
　 （对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
　　习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
　 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago
　 A. where　B. that　 C. on which　 D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
　 A. where　　B. that　 C. on which　　D. the one
答案：例1 D，例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
　　在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
　　而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
　　关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。
【中考范例】
1. (2004年哈尔滨中考试题)
---Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees
---Yes, he does.
A. which B. whose C. where D. who
【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。
2. (2004年常州市中考试题)
The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important.
A. who B. where C. what D. that
【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是物，而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，所以只有that合适。
3. (2004年扬州市中考试题)
---Where is the scientist ________ gave us the talk yesterday
---He has gone back to Qinghua University.
A. whom B. who C. whose D. which
【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。
4. (2004年益阳市中考试题)
I hate people _______ talk much but do little.
A. whose B. whom C. which D. who
【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。
自我测试
I. 单项填空。
1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father
-Yes， he’s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom
2. Is this the rive ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r _____I can swim？ A. which B. in which C. that D. the one
3. This is the best h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )otel in the city _____I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it
4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day
A. that you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it
5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.
A. which agrees ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree
6. My watch is not ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the only thing ______ is missing. A. that B. it C. which who
7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate
A. who’s B. whose C. that D. of which.
8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.
A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was
9. I love places ____the people are really friendly. A. that B. which C. where D. who
10. The world ______ is made up of matter.
A. in that we live ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. on which we liveC. where we live in D. we live in
11. ---Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher
---Oh! It’s Mr B ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aker, our maths teacher. A. he B. that C. whom D. which
12. I hate the peop ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.
A. who B. which C. they D. where
13. The foreigner __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )__ visited our school is from Canada. A. which B. when C. who D. whom
14. George Mallor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.
A. who B. whom C. he D. which
15. This is the pl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ace I have ever visited. A. there B. when C. where D. which
16. Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.
A. that B. which C. why D. when
17. The moon is a w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orld ______ there is no life. A. that B. which C. where D. why
18. He has for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gotten the day _______ he arrived. A. when B. where C. that D. which
19. He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.
A. when B. where C. that D. on which
20. Mr. White, ____car had been stolen, came to the policeman.
A. who B. that C. whose D. which
21. He got to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the village _______ his family once lived before liberation.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
22. This is the house ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) _______ I want to buy. A. in which B. that C. whose D. where
23. This is the house ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.
A. which B. that C. when D. where
24. He didn’t tell me ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the place _______ he was born. A. that B. which C. when D. where
25. He lived i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway station.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
26.Sorry, we don ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )’t have the coat ________ you need. A. what B. who C. whom D. which
27.This is the dictio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nary___Mum gave me for my birthday.A. which B. what C. whose D. whom
28.Do you know the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )man ________ is sitting behind Nancy A. what B. which C. whoD. Whom
29.The book ____ he bought yesterday is very interesting. A. / B. why C. whe D. what
30.I have found ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )some pictures of the most interesting places ________ you can visit during the winter holidays. A. where B. which C. what D. that
31.I’d like to tell ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) you about the table manners _____ you should know when you visit Korea.
A. which B. who C. what D. how
32.I shall never forget those years ________ I lived on the farm with the farmers, ________has a great effect on my life.
A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which
33.Is oxygen the on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly gas ______helps fire burn A. that B. / C. which D. it
34.Is ________ some German friends visited last week
A. this sc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hool B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where
35.---What kind o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f music do you like ---I like music ________ has great lyrics.
A. that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. what C. who D. whose
36.That is the only thing ________ I bought from the supermarket.
A. which B. that C. what D. where
37.The place ________ interested me most was the Children’s Palace.
A. which B. where C. what D. in which
38.The computer ________ last week has gone wrong.
A. which I bo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ught it B. I bought C. what I bought D. I bought it
39.That is the po ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or boy ________ father died in a traffic accident last year.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
40.Do you know the girl ________ is standing under the tree
A. who B. whom C. which D. where
41.Is the woman ________ talked to our teacher yesterday your mother
A. who B. whom ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) C. which D. what
42.The young lady ________ we met yesterday is our new maths teacher.
A. what B. wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ose C. whom D. which
43.I like to live in a house ________ is big and bright.
A. that B. who C. how D. why
44.I hate people ________ talk much but do little.
A. whom B. which C. who D. when
45.I am one of the boys ________never late for school.
A. that is B. wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o are C. who am D. who is
46.Mr Green, there is someone at the front desk ________ would like to speak with you.
A. he B. who C. which D. whom
47.Here comes the girl ________ handwriting is the best in our class.
A. which B. whose C. that D. who
48.My parents usual ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly buy me some simple clothes ________ can last a long time.
A. who B. that C. whom D. whose
49.---Is the girl __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______ is interviewing the manager of that company your friend
---Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV.
A. whom B. which C. who D. whose
50.---Do you know everybody ________ came to the party
---No, I don’t k ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )now the one________ you had a long talk with near the door.
A. who;/ B. whose; that C. that; which D. /; whom
51.The boy________ won the first prize is called Roy.
A. when B. whom C. who D. which
52.Children like houses ________ are painted in different colours.
A. which B. they C. those D. what
53.Do you think most s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tudents prefer tests ________ have easy questions
A. who B. where C. that D. it
54. He is one o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f the experienced engineers in this factory ________ hard work was repaid with the development of the factory.
A. where B. whose C. in which D. that
55.He is the only one of the students ________been to America.
A.who have B.Who has C.Which have D.Which has
Ⅱ. 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1. The house _______ we live in is very big.
2. The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
3. This is the present _____ he gave me for my birthday.
4. The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer.
5. He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited.
6. There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten him.
7. She wears a gold ring, _______ is very uncommon in our class.
8. We visited a factory _______ makes toys for children.
9. Is this the place _______ your father once lived
10. I’ll never forget the days _______ I joined the League.
11. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.
12. April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.
13. The family __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )___had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.
14. The house _____we live in is very old.
15. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now？
III. 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句
1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.
2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.
3. Beijing Hot ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )el is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.
4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.
5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.
6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.
7. The man waved to us. The man was my uncle.
8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.
9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.
10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.
Keys: 1-5 BBCAC 6-10 A ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )BCCB 11-15BACAD 16-20CCACC 21-25 DBDDB 26-30DACAD 31-35 ADCBD
36-40BABCA 41-45ACACB 46-50BBBCA 51-55CACA