人教版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration外刊精读学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration外刊精读学案（含答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-08-30 09:37:15 | ||
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高中英语必修第三册Unit4外刊精读（含阅读练习）
Can I Be an Astronaut If I Have Myopia
如果我是近视，能成为宇航员吗？
Being an astronaut is the dream of a lot of people. After all, who wouldn’t want to look at the stars from outer space Since having sharp vision is important for traveling through the milky way, it’s totally possible for someone with managed myopia to be an astronaut.
成为一名宇航员是许多人的梦想。毕竟，谁不想从外太空观望星空呢？既然拥有敏锐的视力对于穿越银河系非常重要，那么患有可控近视的人也完全有可能成为宇航员。
So before you buckle (扣紧) up and prepare for takeoff, make sure you have your glasses ready.
所以在你系好安全带准备起飞之前，确保你已经准备好了你的眼镜。
Can astronauts have myopia
宇航员可以是近视吗？
Yes, NASA astronauts can have myopia and still go to space. As a matter of fact, approximately 80% of astronauts wear glasses or contact lenses (隐形眼镜) to correct some sort of vision problem.
是的，美国宇航局的宇航员可以是近视，并且可以进入太空。事实上，大约80%的宇航员都戴着眼镜或隐形眼镜来矫正某种视力问题。
approximately / pr ks m tli/ adv [学术词] 大概；大约
To be approved for space travel, astronauts must have 20/20 vision or better, with or without correction. This means that they can see clearly, without blurriness (模糊) or double vision.
要获准进行太空旅行，宇航员必须有20/20或更好的视力，无论是否有矫正。这意味着他们可以看得很清楚，没有模糊或重影。
approve v 批准
20/20 vision 正常的视力（其衡量基准是平均人群从20英尺，约6米处可以清晰看见目标）
If an astronaut has a refractive (由折射引起的) error that causes them to have blurry vision at certain distances, it must be correctable to at least 20/20. These refractive errors can be corrected or managed using glasses, contact lenses or vision surgery. They include:
如果宇航员有屈光不正，导致他们在一定距离内视力模糊，那么至少要校正到20/20。这些屈光不正可以通过佩戴眼镜、隐形眼镜或视力手术来矫正或控制。它们包括：
· Myopia (nearsightedness)
近视（近视）
· Hyperopia (farsightedness)
远视（远视）
· Astigmatism (visual distortion at all distances)
散光（所有距离的视觉失真）
· Presbyopia (age-related farsightedness)
老花眼（与年龄有关的远视）
To apply to become an astronaut at NASA, you must also have or meet the following requirements:
要申请成为美国航天局的宇航员，您还必须具备或满足以下要求：
U.S. citizenship
美国国籍
A degree in engineering, biological science, physical science, or mathematics
工程学、生物科学、物理科学或数学学位
At least three years of related work experience
至少三年相关工作经验
Ability to pass the NASA long-duration space flight physical
通过美国宇航局“长时段太空飞行体检”的能力
Blood pressure of 140/90 or lower
血压在140/90或以下
A standing height of 62 to 75 inches
身高为62到75英寸之间
For would-be astronauts who don’t want to mess with glasses or contact lenses in space, NASA has approved LASIK and PRK for the correction of refractive errors. LASIK is a surgery that uses a laser to fix blurry vision so you won’t have to rely on glasses.
对于那些不想在太空中戴眼镜或隐形眼镜的准宇航员来说，美国宇航局已经批准了LASIK和PRK用于矫正屈光不正。LASIK是一种使用激光修复模糊视力的手术，这样你就不必依赖眼镜了。
If you’re interested in refractive surgery, keep in mind that you have to be at least 18 years old to have LASIK done. NASA also requires you to wait a year after the surgery before traveling off-planet, and you must be free of any side effects related to the surgery.
如果你对屈光手术感兴趣，请记住，你必须年满18岁才能做LASIK手术。美国宇航局还要求你在手术后等待一年才能到地球外旅行，而且你必须没有任何与手术有关的副作用。
keep in mind牢记
side effect副作用
There is a growing number of astronauts who have gone into space with 20/20 vision, and returned home with poor eyesight.
越来越多的宇航员在进入太空时拥有20/20的视力，而返回地球后却视力不佳。
Astronaut John Phillips noticed his normally clear vision had become fuzzy (模糊的) while in space. When he returned home and had his post-flight physical, eye doctors found that John’s vision had gone from 20/20 to 20/100 in only six months.
宇航员约翰 菲利普斯注意到，在太空中，他平时清晰的视力变得模糊不清。当他回到地球进行飞行后的体检时，眼科医生发现约翰的视力在短短六个月内从20/20下降到20/100。
physical / f z kl/ n [学术词] 体检
Additional testing showed that the state of his eyeballs had changed, not just his eyesight. He was diagnosed (诊断) with a condition called visual impairment intracranial pressure syndrome (VIIP), now known as spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS).
进一步的检查发现，不仅仅是视力，他的眼球状态也发生了变化。他被诊断出患有一种叫作视觉障碍颅内压综合症（VIIP）的疾病，现在被称为航天相关的神经眼综合症（SANS）。
additional adj 额外的；更多的（addition + -al）（近extra）
Here’s how it happens:
疾病是这样发生的：
When you’re on earth, there’s gravity that keeps you from floating up into the sky. It also pulls blood and other bodily fluids (液体) down toward your feet. In outer space, there is no gravity, which causes extra fluid to travel upward, toward your head.
当你在地球上时，重力会阻止你漂浮到空中。在它的作用下，血液和其他体液向下流至你的脚部。在外太空中，没有重力，这会导致额外的体液向上流动，流向你的头部。
Having extra fluid in the skull causes a rise in pressure — like filling a water balloon with too much water. The pressure can affect your brain and the backs of your eyes.
颅内有多余的液体会导致压力升高——就像在水球里灌满了太多的水一样。这种压力会影响你的大脑和眼睛后部。
When Phillips had his eyes examined, the backs of his eyeballs were flattened, and his retinas (the tissue at the back of his eyes) were pushed forward. His optic (视觉的) nerves also showed signs of inflammation (炎症).
菲利普斯检查眼睛时，他的眼球后部变平，视网膜（眼睛后部的组织）被向前推。他的视神经也有炎症迹象。
Finding a solution to SANS is tricky because the condition only occurs in people who have been to space. However, new research seeks to allow current and future astronauts to travel the solar system without putting their vision at risk.
找到SANS的解决方案很棘手，因为这种情况只会发生在去过太空的人身上。然而，新的研究试图让当前和未来的宇航员在不危及视力的情况下穿越太阳系。
find a solution to找到解决……的办法
tricky adj 棘手的（trick + -y）
put ... at risk使……处于危险之中
课后练习：
What do we know about the vision requirements of NASA
Having vision correction surgery is better than wearing glasses.
Vision correction is aimed at 3 types of refractive errors.
20/20 vision is the minimum standard.
The LASIK surgery has no age limit.
Which of the following meets the requirements of NASA astronaut selection
Having a Bachelor’s degree.
Having 3 years of flying experience.
To be aged between 26 and 46.
To pass the NASA long-duration astronaut physical.
What causes the astronauts’ vision problem after traveling to space
Space radiation.
Strong space race.
Pressure in the head.
Eyeball inflammation.
参考答案：1. C 2. D 3. C
Can I Be an Astronaut If I Have Myopia
如果我是近视，能成为宇航员吗？
Being an astronaut is the dream of a lot of people. After all, who wouldn’t want to look at the stars from outer space Since having sharp vision is important for traveling through the milky way, it’s totally possible for someone with managed myopia to be an astronaut.
成为一名宇航员是许多人的梦想。毕竟，谁不想从外太空观望星空呢？既然拥有敏锐的视力对于穿越银河系非常重要，那么患有可控近视的人也完全有可能成为宇航员。
So before you buckle (扣紧) up and prepare for takeoff, make sure you have your glasses ready.
所以在你系好安全带准备起飞之前，确保你已经准备好了你的眼镜。
Can astronauts have myopia
宇航员可以是近视吗？
Yes, NASA astronauts can have myopia and still go to space. As a matter of fact, approximately 80% of astronauts wear glasses or contact lenses (隐形眼镜) to correct some sort of vision problem.
是的，美国宇航局的宇航员可以是近视，并且可以进入太空。事实上，大约80%的宇航员都戴着眼镜或隐形眼镜来矫正某种视力问题。
approximately / pr ks m tli/ adv [学术词] 大概；大约
To be approved for space travel, astronauts must have 20/20 vision or better, with or without correction. This means that they can see clearly, without blurriness (模糊) or double vision.
要获准进行太空旅行，宇航员必须有20/20或更好的视力，无论是否有矫正。这意味着他们可以看得很清楚，没有模糊或重影。
approve v 批准
20/20 vision 正常的视力（其衡量基准是平均人群从20英尺，约6米处可以清晰看见目标）
If an astronaut has a refractive (由折射引起的) error that causes them to have blurry vision at certain distances, it must be correctable to at least 20/20. These refractive errors can be corrected or managed using glasses, contact lenses or vision surgery. They include:
如果宇航员有屈光不正，导致他们在一定距离内视力模糊，那么至少要校正到20/20。这些屈光不正可以通过佩戴眼镜、隐形眼镜或视力手术来矫正或控制。它们包括：
· Myopia (nearsightedness)
近视（近视）
· Hyperopia (farsightedness)
远视（远视）
· Astigmatism (visual distortion at all distances)
散光（所有距离的视觉失真）
· Presbyopia (age-related farsightedness)
老花眼（与年龄有关的远视）
To apply to become an astronaut at NASA, you must also have or meet the following requirements:
要申请成为美国航天局的宇航员，您还必须具备或满足以下要求：
U.S. citizenship
美国国籍
A degree in engineering, biological science, physical science, or mathematics
工程学、生物科学、物理科学或数学学位
At least three years of related work experience
至少三年相关工作经验
Ability to pass the NASA long-duration space flight physical
通过美国宇航局“长时段太空飞行体检”的能力
Blood pressure of 140/90 or lower
血压在140/90或以下
A standing height of 62 to 75 inches
身高为62到75英寸之间
For would-be astronauts who don’t want to mess with glasses or contact lenses in space, NASA has approved LASIK and PRK for the correction of refractive errors. LASIK is a surgery that uses a laser to fix blurry vision so you won’t have to rely on glasses.
对于那些不想在太空中戴眼镜或隐形眼镜的准宇航员来说，美国宇航局已经批准了LASIK和PRK用于矫正屈光不正。LASIK是一种使用激光修复模糊视力的手术，这样你就不必依赖眼镜了。
If you’re interested in refractive surgery, keep in mind that you have to be at least 18 years old to have LASIK done. NASA also requires you to wait a year after the surgery before traveling off-planet, and you must be free of any side effects related to the surgery.
如果你对屈光手术感兴趣，请记住，你必须年满18岁才能做LASIK手术。美国宇航局还要求你在手术后等待一年才能到地球外旅行，而且你必须没有任何与手术有关的副作用。
keep in mind牢记
side effect副作用
There is a growing number of astronauts who have gone into space with 20/20 vision, and returned home with poor eyesight.
越来越多的宇航员在进入太空时拥有20/20的视力，而返回地球后却视力不佳。
Astronaut John Phillips noticed his normally clear vision had become fuzzy (模糊的) while in space. When he returned home and had his post-flight physical, eye doctors found that John’s vision had gone from 20/20 to 20/100 in only six months.
宇航员约翰 菲利普斯注意到，在太空中，他平时清晰的视力变得模糊不清。当他回到地球进行飞行后的体检时，眼科医生发现约翰的视力在短短六个月内从20/20下降到20/100。
physical / f z kl/ n [学术词] 体检
Additional testing showed that the state of his eyeballs had changed, not just his eyesight. He was diagnosed (诊断) with a condition called visual impairment intracranial pressure syndrome (VIIP), now known as spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS).
进一步的检查发现，不仅仅是视力，他的眼球状态也发生了变化。他被诊断出患有一种叫作视觉障碍颅内压综合症（VIIP）的疾病，现在被称为航天相关的神经眼综合症（SANS）。
additional adj 额外的；更多的（addition + -al）（近extra）
Here’s how it happens:
疾病是这样发生的：
When you’re on earth, there’s gravity that keeps you from floating up into the sky. It also pulls blood and other bodily fluids (液体) down toward your feet. In outer space, there is no gravity, which causes extra fluid to travel upward, toward your head.
当你在地球上时，重力会阻止你漂浮到空中。在它的作用下，血液和其他体液向下流至你的脚部。在外太空中，没有重力，这会导致额外的体液向上流动，流向你的头部。
Having extra fluid in the skull causes a rise in pressure — like filling a water balloon with too much water. The pressure can affect your brain and the backs of your eyes.
颅内有多余的液体会导致压力升高——就像在水球里灌满了太多的水一样。这种压力会影响你的大脑和眼睛后部。
When Phillips had his eyes examined, the backs of his eyeballs were flattened, and his retinas (the tissue at the back of his eyes) were pushed forward. His optic (视觉的) nerves also showed signs of inflammation (炎症).
菲利普斯检查眼睛时，他的眼球后部变平，视网膜（眼睛后部的组织）被向前推。他的视神经也有炎症迹象。
Finding a solution to SANS is tricky because the condition only occurs in people who have been to space. However, new research seeks to allow current and future astronauts to travel the solar system without putting their vision at risk.
找到SANS的解决方案很棘手，因为这种情况只会发生在去过太空的人身上。然而，新的研究试图让当前和未来的宇航员在不危及视力的情况下穿越太阳系。
find a solution to找到解决……的办法
tricky adj 棘手的（trick + -y）
put ... at risk使……处于危险之中
课后练习：
What do we know about the vision requirements of NASA
Having vision correction surgery is better than wearing glasses.
Vision correction is aimed at 3 types of refractive errors.
20/20 vision is the minimum standard.
The LASIK surgery has no age limit.
Which of the following meets the requirements of NASA astronaut selection
Having a Bachelor’s degree.
Having 3 years of flying experience.
To be aged between 26 and 46.
To pass the NASA long-duration astronaut physical.
What causes the astronauts’ vision problem after traveling to space
Space radiation.
Strong space race.
Pressure in the head.
Eyeball inflammation.
参考答案：1. C 2. D 3. C