新概念英语第二册Lesson 59 In or out?课堂笔记

Lesson 59
In or out
进来还是出去？
First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Why did Rex run away？
Our dog, Rex, used to sit outside our front gate and dark.
我家的狗雷克斯，过去常坐在大门外面叫。
Every time he wanted to come into the garden he would bark until someone opened the gate.
每当它想到花园里来时，便汪汪叫个不停，直到有人把门打开。
As the neighbours complained of the noise,
由于邻居们对狗叫很有意见，
my husband spent weeks training him to press his paw on the latch to let himself in.
所以我丈夫花了几个星期的时间训练它用脚爪按住门闩把自己放进来。
Rex soon became an expert at opening the gate.
雷克斯很快成了开门的专家。
However, when I was going out shopping last week, I noticed him in the garden near the gate.
然而上星期我正要出去买东西时，发现它正呆在花园里边靠门的地方。
This time he was barking so that someone would let him out!
这次它叫着让人把它放出去！
Since then, he has developed another bad habit.
从那以后，它养成了另外一种坏习惯。
As soon as he opens the gate from the outside, he comes into the garden and waits until the gate shuts.
它从外面把门一打开，就走进花园，等着门自动关上。
Then he sits and barks until someone lets him out.
这之后他就坐下汪汪叫起来，直到有人来把它放出去。
After this he immediately lets himself in and begins barking again.
出去之后，它又马上把自己放进来，接着再开始叫。
Yesterday my husband removed the gate and Rex got so annoyed we have not seen him since.
昨天，我丈夫把大门卸了下来，雷克斯很生气，此后我们便再也没有见到它。
单词
1 bark [bɑ:k]v.狗叫
2 press[pres] v.按压
3 paw [p :]n.脚爪
4 latch [l t ]n.门闩
5 expert['eksp :t] n.专家
6 develop[di'vel p]v.养成
7 habit['h bit] n.习惯
8 remove[ri'mu:v] v.拆掉，取下
课文解析
1、Our dog, Rex, used to sit outside our front gate and dark.
front gate 前门
would＝used to 过去常常
2、Every time he wanted to come into the garden he would bark until someone opened the gate.
The dog used to bark the front gate to let(make) somebody open the door.
every time＝when 每当，每次，无论何时（后面可以是点时间，也可以是段时间）
Every time I turn to lesson 59, I will remember my teacher.
the monment＝as soon as 一……就……(强调的是瞬间)
3、As the neighbours complained of the noise, my husband spent weeks training him to press his paw on the latch to let himself in.
complaim of… 抱怨……
sb. spend time (in) doing sth./on sth. 花费某段时间去做某事（人作主语）
Why don’t you spend more time on studies
I spent two weeks (in) reading this book.
It takes sb. some times to do sth. 某事花了某人多少时间（事情做主语）
train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事
let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
let sb. in 让某人进来 ； let sb. out 让某人出去
let sb. down 让某人失望
press his paw on the latch = press the latch
press the button / press the figure on the button
4、Rex soon became an expert at opening the gate.
become an expert at doing sth. 成了……能手/专家/权威
John is an expert at driving a car.
She is an expert in flowers.
Sam is an expert on that problem.
5、However, when I was going out shopping last week, I noticed him in the garden near the gate.
going out shopping 加了out 强调外出
6、Yesterday my husband removed the gate and Rex got so annoyed we have not seen him since.
so…that… 如此……以至于，结果状语从句，可以省略一个词，so 或 that 都可以
so that 以便于……，为了（目的状语从句）
This time he was barking so that someone would let him out!
since(在句尾) = since then : 从那时起到现在为止
语法要点
To，In order to，So as to，So that，In order that表达目的几种方式
带to的不定式及in order to和so as to可以用来表示目的：
I went to live in France to/in order to/so as to learn French.
not to可以用来表示取舍：
I went to France not to study French, but to study chemics.
so as not to/in order not to可以用于表示“以防”：
I shut the door quietly, so as not to/in order not to wake the bady.
在bring，buy，need，take，use，want等动词后经常用宾语加to不定式，用来表示宾语的目的。
I need a spoon to eat this ice cream with.
连词so that，in order that可以引导目的状语从句。目的状语从句必须具备一个特征, 在动词前面一定要出现情态动词，当主句用一般现在时、现在完成时或一般将来时的时候，so that和in order that后面可以跟may，can或will；当主句用一般过去时、过去进行时或过去完成时的时候，so that和in order that后面可以跟should，could，might或would。
I’ve arrived early so that/ in order that I may/ can /will get the tickets.
I arrivd early so that/in order that I might not miss anything.
当前后主语不一致时，不定式前面加for +名词/代词比that结构更简洁，不定式的逻辑主语for sb. to do sth.
He was barking for someone to let him out.
=He was barking so that someone would let him out.
语法 Grammar in use
复合句的语序 (Word order in complex statements)
复合句的构成方法可以是把简单句连接在一起。但与并列句不同，它的各个组成部分并非同等重要，其中总有一个独立分句（或称“主句”）和一个或一个以上从属分句（或称“从句”），主句往往可以独立存在。复合句可用两种方法构成。一是用连词把从句与主句连接起来；二是用分词结构或不定式，它们构成复合句的一部分，因为它们可以用从句的形式表现出来。
（1）用连词连接的复合句
A 在复合句中，从句可以是名词从句（即起名词的作用）。在句子中，它可以作主语、宾语或be等系动词的表语，一般由that引导，有时也用what（疑问词引导的除外）：
I know(that)the meeting will be put off.
我知道会议将要推迟。（宾语）
That the meeting will be put off is now certain.
会议将被推迟现已确定无疑。（主语，that不可省略）
B 也可以是关系（或形容词）从句，关系代词通常有who, whom, that, which和whose。（cf．第28课语法）
C 也可以是状语（或副词）从句。时间状语从句一般回答When？形式的问题，并可以用下列从属连词来引导：when, after, before, as soon as, until, while, as, since等