上外版（2020）高中英语必修一Unit 4 Customs and Traditions 单元素养测试卷

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上外版（2020）高中英语必修一Unit 4 Customs and Traditions 单元素养测试卷
一、Grammar and Vocabulary (20分)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Our Vanishing Nights
If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, 　1． 　 most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain 　2． 　 we've done to the night: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences – called light pollution – whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky, 　3． 　 it's not wanted, instead of focusing it downward. III-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and radically alters the light levels – and light rhythms –　4． 　 many forms of life, including ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life is affected.
Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species 　5． 　 (be) astonishing. Light is a powerful biological force, and　6． 　 many species it acts as a magnet. The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being "captured" by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings. Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal, 　7． 　 (throw) nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint, including most other creatures. We do need darkness. Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, 　8． 　 light itself.
Living in a glare of our own making, we have cut 　9． 　 off from our evolutionary and cultural patrimony (遗产) — the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a very real sense, light pollution causes us　10． 　 (forget) the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way — the edge of our galaxy — arching overhead.
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. alert B. classify C. commit D. delicately E. gentle F. impose G. labels H. moderation I. relieve J. signals K. simply
Let's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food 　11． 　 at the supermarket. Since you really　12． 　 yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it This is where a "choice architect" can help 　13． 　some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect.
Governments don't have to 　14． 　healthier lifestyles through laws, for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect-one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with 　15． 　hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.
The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to 　16． 　foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains 　17． 　by looking at the lights on the package. A green light 　18． 　that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be　19． 　; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in 　20． 　. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.
二、Reading
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
This article is for all of the teenagers out there. Even though 21． you are years from being fully grown, society regularly expects you to adult. Yes, you are 22． in many ways many of you drive and do so quite safely, and you handle schedules that would 23． many adults. But you probably cannot process caffeine（咖啡因）as constantly as your parents can because of your still-growing bodies and brains.
I understand it feels grown-up to be drinking a cup of Starbucks. But all of this caffeine may worsen your anxiety, affect tonight's sleep and tomorrow's school performance, 24． nutrient absorption and even cause real trouble when mixed with alcohol. The following four aspects may well 25． the theme of this article.
The power of caffeine
Caffeine is widely considered a drug that is socially acceptable, universally used, even cool, but it still causes 26． symptoms such as headaches, fatigue and a lack of attention when removed from coffee-addicts' diets
How much is healthy
Caffeine is by no means a nutrient; you do not need it to be healthy. 27． , it is a substance that can leave you lacking nutrients because it has been shown to reduce calcium（钙）Caffeine probably causes the body to release water. And the more caffeinated drinks you consume, the less Likely you are to drink water. So experts say that adolescents should consume 28． amounts of caffeine a day（≤100 mg）.
Caffeine's 29．
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 65 percent of middle and higher schoolers are 30． to insufficient sleep on school nights. Some of their sleep problems can be mainly attributed to（归因于）caffeine, which can remain in the body for seven hours after 31． thus causing teens' worse performance the next day, It is widely assumed that adequate sleep 32． proper growth and brain development. During childhood and adolescence, the brain goes through a period called synaptic pruning（突触修剪）when unnecessary connections are promoted.
Caffeine labeling
Caffeine is not listed on the Nutrition Facts column on food labels because it is not a 33． . It may be listed as an ingredient, but the amount is not required, Caffeine is now added to foods such as gum, candy and water, along with makeup and beauty products that 34． to reduce swelling（肿块）.
Taste preferences and eating habits are often cultivated in childhood and adolescence, so teens, when you consume sweet, caffeinated drinks every time you feel sluggish（无精打采的）, you are creating a pattern that may be hard to break as an adult. It is advisable to come up with other 35． ways to boost energy so that you can master adulating better than many adults.
21．A．potentially B．necessarily
C．developmentally D．materially
22．A．mature B．experienced C．productive D．disciplined
23．A．delight B．frustrate C．liberate D．exclude
24．A．promote B．assist C．intensify D．discourage
25．A．call for B．account for C．turn to D．appeal to
26．A．withdrawal B．addiction C．nutrition D．infection
27．A．Therefore B．Instead C．Moreover D．Otherwise
28．A．initial B．sufficient C．moderate D．stable
29．A．reputations B．confirmations C．implications D．disadvantages
30．A．subjected B．alerted C．reduced D．opposed
31．A．stimulation B．concentration C．excitement D．consumption
32．A．results from B．contributes to C．benefits from D．attends to
33．A．therapy B．material C．nutrient D．substitute
34．A．appear B．promise C．happen
35．A．instructive B．comprehensive C．extensive D．alternative
三、阅读短文，回答问题
Directions: Read
the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose
the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have
just read.
When it comes to the most famous 20th century painters of the
United States, Grandma Moses should be mentioned, although she did not start painting
until she was in her late seventies. As she once said to herself: "I would
never sit back in a rocking chair, waiting for someone to help me". No one
could have had a more active old age.
She was born on a farm in New York State, one of five boys and
five girls. At 12 she left home and was in domestic service until at 27 she married
Thomas Moses, the hired hand of one of her employers. They farmed most of their
lives, first in Virginia and then in New York State, at Eagle Bridge. She had ten
children, of whom five survived; her husband died in 1927.
Grandma Moses painted a little as a child and made embroidery
(刺绣) pictures as a hobby,
but only changed to oils in old age because her hands became too stiff (僵硬的) to sew and she still wanted to keep busy and pass the time. Her pictures
were first sold at the local drugstore and at a market and were soon noticed by
a businessman who bought all that she painted. Three of the pictures were exhibited
in the Museum of Modern Art, and in 1940 she had her first exhibition in New York.
Between the 1930's and her death, she produced some 2,000 pictures: careful and
lively portrayals of the country life she had known for so long, with a wonderful
sense of color and form. "I think really hard till I think of something really
pretty, and then I paint it" she said.
36．What can we learn about Moses
A．She stopped painting in her late seventies.
B．She painted oils as a child.
C．Her marriage life was not happy.
D．She still led an active life when she was old.
37．What did Grandma Moses spend most of her life doing
A．Embroidering. B．Nursing. C．Painting. D．Farming
38．What does the underlined word "portrayals " in last paragraph mean
A．Directions. B．Stages. C．Descriptions. D．Surveys.
39．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Grandma Moses: the Best Woman Painter
B．Grandma Moses: A Famous Woman Painter of 20th Century
C．Grandma Moses and Her Exhibition
D．Grandma Moses and Her Farm Life
阅读短文，回答问题
Washington, D. C. Bicycle Tours
Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in
Washington, D. C.
Duration:
3 hours
This
small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with
beautiful flowers of Washington, D. C. Your guide will provide a history lesson
about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before
availability-the cherry blossoms-disappear！
Washington Capital Monuments
Bicycle Tour
Duration:
3 hours （4 miles）
Join
a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.
C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares
unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies
and bottled water.
Capital City Bike Tour In Washington,
D. C.
Duration:
3 hours
Morning
or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals
looking to experience Washington, D. C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable
guides will entertain you with the most, interesting stories about Presidents, Congress,
memorials, and fortable bikes and smooth tour route（路线）make cycling between the sites fun and
relaxing.
Washington Capital Sites at
Night Bicycle Tour
Duration:
3 hours（7miles）
Join
a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington,
D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol
Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide
offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water.
All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
40．Which tour do you need to book in advance
A．Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, DC
B．Washington capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.
C．Capital City Bike Tour in Washington.
D．Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.
41．What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour
A．Meet famous people. B．Go to national park.
C．Visit well-known museums. D．Enjoy interesting stories.
42．Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide
A．City maps. B．Cameras C．Meals D．Safety lights.
四、任务型阅读
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. Practice more! B. Watch how others do it. C. But self-belief is often an even bigger factor. D. Now, the record is 37 packs-in just one hour. E. Experiment with a range of creative memory techniques. F. People always limit their abilities for lack of confidence.
Expect More from Your Memory
How many African countries can you remember Try to say as many as you can before reading on
There are 54 countries in Africa. If you got them all, well done! Hardly anyone does, of course. But most people could have gotten more than they did. Motivation is a big part of memory. Be honest: if there had been a big prize of this task, wouldn't you have pushed yourself a bit more 　43． 　And, since most people don't expect much from their memory, they limit their chances of success from the word go.
Not everyone, though. When people get competitive about memory, they do amazing things. Back in the 1980s, I broke a world record by memorizing six packs of playing cards. 　44． 　Psychologist Carol Dweck popularized the "growth mindset" -the belief that you can keep improving your abilities, with commitment. Here are four ways to use that approach.
Step 1: Admit what you're good at. Think about the things that you remember with ease. There's no reason why your memory can't work that well all the time.
Step 2: 　45． 　 Notice people who seem to have a clever trick for names, or manage to hold their to-do list in their head. See if you can spot some of their secrets.
Step 3: Find ways to get better. Any information can be made more memorable by organizing it effectively, and using your imagination.　46． 　
Step 4: Practise: Take every opportunity to use your memory. Stretch it a little each day by setting yourself challenges.
Now, go back to the challenge at the beginning. Push yourself to do better, and really believe that you can.
五、Grammar。阅读完后的句子或下面的段落，填入填空的句子。句子、或连贯的段落在语法上是正确的。Directions: After reading the sentences or passages below, fill in the blanks to make the sentences or passages coherent and grammatically correct.
47．The professor said that a new assignment __________ to the students in a week.
A．would be assigned B．would assign
C．will be assigned D．was assigned
48．Due to acid rain, a large piece of forest in that country is believed __________ with extinction.
A．to threaten B．to be threatened
C．to be threatening D．to have threatened
49．The hungry boy couldn't resist __________ to do such a foolish thing.
A．to tempt B．to be tempted C．being tempted D．tempting
50．The more you get to know him, ______. No wonder he has so many friends.
A．the less thoughtful will you find he is
B．the more thoughtful you will find he is
C．the more thoughtful will you find he is
D．you will find him more thoughtful
51．It surprised her greatly _____ her neighbor had been in prison for 4 years.
A．that B．for C．while D．whether
52．Within three years a new residential area came into being _____ there had been wild grass and small ponds.
A．that B．before C．where D．which
53．Americans eat _____________ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.
A．more than twice B．twice as many
C．as twice as many D．more than twice as many
54．_______ many top US secrets, Julian Assange, founder of the wikileaks, was the most unwelcome person in the country.
A．Revealed B．To reveal
C．Having revealed D．Being revealed
55．A digital ring is locked on every newborn baby's foot _______ they are taken by strangers out of the hospital.
A．now that B．even if C．so that D．in case
56．________ in by a well-to-do family, a homeless teenager named Michael Oher matures into a star athlete predicted to be a first-round pick in the NFL draft in this comedy drama.
A．Taken B．Having taken C．Taking D．When taking
六、Blank-filling
Direction:Fill in the blanks with proper words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once. Note that there is one word or phrase more than you need.
issue calm conclusive practical a variety of in honor of cope with hang out turn over have easy access to pay much attention to
57．He quit his job for　 　reasons.
58．The smell made my stomach　 　.
59．The party was held　 　the retired teachers.
60．The students in this school　 　the school library.
61．Please keep　 　when you are taking an exam.
62．He had a lot of difficulty in　 　the stresses of the job.
63．He often　 　at the supermarket, buying nothing at all.
64．While traveling abroad, we should　 　the customs of other countries.
65．The growing problem is underlined in the latest　 　of the Scientific American.
66．We've become used to doctors using specialized blood tests or other expensive laboratory tests to help make a(n)　 　diagnosis.
七、Translation
67．能坚持均衡膳食和适量运动的人更有可能成功。(likely)
68．他既有音乐天赋又有幽默感，这使得他在大学的朋友中很受欢迎。(which)
69．这个活动旨在培养学生的创造思维和探索精神，吸引了很多学生。（aim, 分词作状语）
70．审美标准因文化而异，因此，你有很高评价的事物在别人看来可能不过尔尔。(vary)
八、Guided Writing
71． Directions: Write
an English composition in 120 words according to the instructions given below in
Chinese.
上海电视台外语频道打算开办一档面向中学生观众的英语节目，新聘任了来自英国的John 作为节目编辑助理。现在，John就节目内容向广大中学生征求意见。
假如你是学生李华，请你给John写信谈谈你对该节目的设想。信的内容包括：
1）节目的名称和内容；
2）开办这档节目的理由和预期的效果。
答案解析部分
【答案】1．even though / even if；2．what；3．where；4．to which；5．is；6．on；7．throwing；8．as；9．ourselves；10．to forget
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类热衷于用人造光源将夜空照亮。由此引发的光污染对于动物和人类造成严重影响，呼吁我们反思自己的行为。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及状语从句，宾语从句，定语从句，时态，介词，非谓语动词，代词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
1．句意：这是一个基本的进化事实，尽管我们大多数人并不认为自己是昼夜生物。根据句意，这里应是 even though / even if 引导的让步状语，故填 even though / even if 。
2．句意：然而，这是解释我们对夜晚所做的事情的唯一方法：我们将它设计为通过用光填充它来接收我们。 we've done to the night 是宾语从句，从句中缺少done的宾语，应用what引导，故填what。
3．句意：光污染很大程度上是由于照明设计不佳造成的，它允许人造光向外向上照射到不需要它的天空，而不是向下聚焦。 it's not wanted 是非限制性定语从句，先行词是 the sky ，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where，故填where。
4．句意：III 设计的照明可以洗去夜晚的黑暗，从根本上改变包括我们自己在内的许多生命形式所适应的光照水平和光照节奏。 many forms of life, including ourselves, have adapted是非限制性定语从句，先行词是the light levels and light rhythm，在从句中在应作adapt to的宾语，应用关系代词which，从句中to没有给出，故填to which 。
5．句意：仅在哺乳动物中，夜行动物的数量就令人吃惊。此处是谓语动词，根据语境应用一般现在时， the number of 作主语，谓语动词用单数，故填is。
6．句意：光是一种强大的生物力量，在许多物种中它就像磁铁一样。on many species ，固定短语，“在许多物种上”，故选on。
7．句意：生活在灯火通明的高速公路附近的青蛙夜间光照水平比正常情况高一百万倍，几乎使它们的行为的各个方面都失控，包括大多数其他生物。此处现在分词作结果状语，故填throwing。
8．句意：黑暗对于我们的生物福利，对于我们的内部发条，就像光本身一样重要。as...as...，固定短语，“和.....一样，如同......”，故填as。
9．句意：生活在我们自己制造的眩光中，我们已经将自己与我们的进化和文化遗产——星光和白天和黑夜的节奏——隔绝开来。此处反身代词作宾语，故填 ourselves 。
10．句意：在非常真实的意义上，光污染使我们忘记了我们存在的规模，最好用银河系——我们银河系的边缘——在头顶拱起的深夜的维度来衡量。cause sb. to do固定短语，“造成某人做.....，引起某人做......”，此处不定式作宾补，故填 to forget 。
【答案】11．G；12．C；13．I；14．F；15．E；16．B；17．K；18．J；19．A；20．H
【知识点】选词填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们都希望有健康的生活方式和饮食，但是没有时间计划。作者介绍了两种方法，一种是choice architect；还有一种是“交通灯系统”。
【点评】考查选词填空，考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素，最后通读一遍检查验证。
11．句意：但是，您没有时间仔细计划膳食菜单或阅读超市的食品标签。由于是在超市里，所以此处是阅读食物标签， labels “标签”，此处作宾语，故选G。
12．句意：既然您真的致力于更健康的生活方式，那么一点帮助就会派上用场，不是吗？根据空后“ yourself to a healthier lifestyle ”可知应用 commit oneself固定短语，“承诺”，故选C。
13．句意：这就是“选择架构师”可以帮助减轻自己做这一切的一些负担的地方。根据空后“ some of the burden of doing it all yourself ”以及空前动词help，可知，此空应用 relieve “减轻”，help do sth.固定短语，“帮助做某事”，故选 I。
14．句意：政府不必通过法律强加更健康的生活方式，例如禁烟。 impose 动词，“强加”，have to后接动词原形，故选F。
15．句意：这个想法结合了选择的自由和选择建筑师的温馨提示，他们的目标是帮助人们活得更久、更健康、更幸福。此处应用形容词修饰名词 hints ，作定语， gentle “文雅的，温馨的”，符合语境，故选E。
16．句意：英国和瑞典政府引入了所谓的“红绿灯系统”，将食品分类为健康或不健康。 classify sth as固定短语，“把......分类为......”，此处不定式作目的状语，故选B。
17．句意：这意味着客户只需看包装上的灯，就能一眼看出每种产品含有多少脂肪、糖和盐。此处副词 simply 修饰动词介词短语 by looking at the lights on the package ，“仅仅”，作状语，故选K。
18．句意：绿灯表示这三种营养素的含量是健康的。 that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy 是宾语从句，此处是谓语动词， signals “表示，展示”，符合语境，故选J。
19．句意：黄色表示客户应保持警惕。此处形容词作表语，根据语境可知，黄灯表示三种营养的量可能有问题， alert “警惕的”，符合语境，故选A。
20．句意：而红色则表示食物中至少三种营养素中的一种含量较高，应适量食用。根据语境可知，此处指“这样的食物应适量食用”，in moderation 固定短语，“适量”，在句中作状语，故选H。
【答案】21．C；22．A；23．B；24．D；25．B；26．A；27．B；28．C；29．D；30．A；31．D；32．B；33．C；34．B；35．D
【知识点】说明文；医疗保健类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，告诫所有青少年，尽管你在发育上还需要几年才能完全成熟，不断地摄入咖啡因对身体的危害。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及副词，动词，名词，形容词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：即使在发育上你还需要数年才能完全成长，但社会通常希望你成年。A. potentially“有潜力地”；B. necessarily“必要地”；C. developmentally“发育地”；D. materially“实质地”。根据空后“you are years from being fully grown, society regularly expects you to adult.”和常识可知，你在发育上还需要几年才能完全成熟，但社会通常期望你成年。故选C。
22．句意：是的，你们在很多方面都很成熟，你们中的许多人开车并且非常安全，而且你们处理的日程安排会让许多成年人感到沮丧。A. mature“成熟的”；B. experienced“有经验的”；C. productive“多产的”； D. disciplined“遵守纪律的”。根据空后“ many of you drive and do so quite safely, and you handle schedules that would 3 many adults.”可知，很多人开车都很安全，你处理的日程安排也会让很多成年人感到沮丧，这些都是成熟的表现。故选A。
23．句意：是的，你们在很多方面都很成熟，你们中的许多人开车并且非常安全，而且你们处理的日程安排会让许多成年人感到沮丧。A. delight“使高兴”；B. frustrate“挫败”；C. liberate“解放”；D. exclude“排除”。此处指你处理的日程安排也会让很多成年人感到沮丧，你的水平已超过成年人。故选B。
24．句意：但是所有这些咖啡因可能会加剧你的焦虑，影响今晚的睡眠和明天的学校表现，阻碍营养吸收，甚至在与酒精混合时造成真正的麻烦。A. promote“提升”；B. assist“帮助”；C. intensify“使加强”；D. discourage“阻碍”。此处指咖啡因可能会加重你的焦虑，影响你今晚的睡眠和明天的学习成绩，阻碍你吸收营养，甚至在与酒精混合时造成真正的麻烦。表示“阻碍”，故选D。
25．句意：以下四个方面可以很好地说明本文的主题。A. call for“要求”；B. account for“对......作出解释”；C. turn to“转向，求助于”； D. appeal to“呼吁”。根据语境可知，以下四个方面可以很好地解释本文的主题。故选B。
26．句意：咖啡因被广泛认为是一种社会可接受的药物，普遍使用，甚至很酷，但当从咖啡成瘾者的饮食中去除时，它仍然会引起诸如头痛、疲劳和注意力不集中等戒断症状。A. withdrawal“撤退”； B. addiction“上瘾”；C. nutrition“营养”；D. infection“感染，影响”。根据语境可知，咖啡因会导致戒断症状，比如头痛、疲劳，以及从咖啡成瘾者的饮食中去除后注意力不集中。故选A。
27．句意：相反，它是一种会使您缺乏营养的物质，因为它已被证明可以减少钙 咖啡因可能会导致身体释放水分。A. Therefore“因此”；B. Instead“相反”；C. Moreover“另外”；D. Otherwise“否则”。根据上文“Caffeine is by no means a nutrient; you do not need it to be healthy.指咖啡因绝不是一种营养物质，你不需要它是健康的。本句指它是一种物质，可以让你缺乏营养，因为它已经被证明可以减少钙。前后句是转折关系表示“相反”，故选B。
28．句意：所以专家建议青少年每天摄入适量的咖啡因（≤100mg）。A. initial“最初的”；B. sufficient“足够的”；C. moderate“适度的”；D. stable“稳定的”。根据语境可知，专家建议青少年应该每天摄入适量的咖啡因，故选C。
29．句意：咖啡因的坏处。A. reputations“名声”；B. confirmations“证实”；C. implications“暗示”；D. disadvantages“缺点，劣势”。根据下文的“Some of their sleep problems can be mainly attributed to (归因于) caffeine”，可知，本部分主要讲述咖啡因的缺点。故选D。
30．句意：根据疾病控制和预防中心的数据，大约 65% 的初中和高中生在学校晚上睡眠不足。A. subjected“使遭受”； B. alerted“警告”；C. reduced“减少”；D. opposed“反对”。be subjected to固定短语， “遭受，经受” 故选A。
31．句意：他们的一些睡眠问题主要归因于咖啡因，咖啡因在摄入后会在体内停留 7 小时，从而导致青少年第二天的表现更差。A. stimulation“激励”；B. concentration“集中”；C. excitement“兴奋”； D. consumption“消耗”。此处表示咖啡因在摄入后会在体内停留7个小时进行消耗，故选D。
32．句意：人们普遍认为，充足的睡眠有助于正常的生长和大脑发育。在童年和青春期，当不必要的连接被促进时，大脑会经历一个称为突触修剪的时期。A. results from“起因是”；B. contributes to“有助于”；C. benefits from“从.....获益”；D. attends to“照料”。此处表示充足的睡眠有助于大脑的正常发育。故选B。
33．句意：咖啡因没有列在食品标签的营养成分栏中，因为它不是一种营养素。A. therapy“治疗”；B. material“材料”；C. nutrient“营养物”；D. substitute“代替者”。根据空后“Caffeine is not listed on the Nutrition Facts column on food labels”可知，咖啡因没有列在食品标签上的营养成分栏上，因为它不是一种营养素。故选C。
34．句意：它可能被列为一种成分，但数量不是必需的，咖啡因现在被添加到口香糖、糖果和水等食物中，以及承诺减少肿胀的化妆品和美容产品中。A. fail“失败”；B. appear“出现”；C. promise“许诺”；D. happen“发生”。此处指化妆品和美容产品做出的承诺，故选C。
35．句意：想出其他替代方法来增强能量，这样你就可以比很多成年人更好地掌握成人技能，这是明智的。A. instructive“有教育意义的”；B. comprehensive“有理解力的”；C. extensive“广泛的”； D. alternative“供选择的”。此处指提出其他替代方式来提高能源，这是明智的。故选D。
【答案】36．D
37．D
38．C
39．B
【知识点】词义猜测题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文；标题选择题
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了20世纪美国著名的画家Grandma Moses的生平，以及她的作品和创作风格。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
36．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“No one could have had a more active old age．”没有人的晚年能过得比 Moses更积极。可知，关于Moses我们能知道的是她老的时候仍然过着积极的生活。故选D。
37．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“They farmed most of their lives, first in Virginia and then in New York State, at Eagle Bridge. ”他们一生大部分时间都在耕种，先是在弗吉尼亚，然后是在纽约州，再是在鹰桥。可知，Grandma Moses一生绝大部分时间都在务农，故选D。
38．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Between the 1930's and her death, she produced some 2,000 pictures: careful and lively portrayals of the country life she had known for so long, with a wonderful sense of color and form. ”从20世纪30年代到去世，她创作了大约2000多副画：仔细而生动的描绘她所熟知很久的乡村生活，是色彩和形式感的奇妙结合。可知，画线词是对其画作的解读，画作反映其长期生活的乡村生活，所以portrayals 是对乡村生活的“描述”，故选C。
39．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“When it comes to the most famous 20th century painters of the United States, Grandma Moses should be mentioned, although she did not start painting until she was in her late seventies. ”当谈到美国最著名的20世纪画家，Grandma Moses应该被提及，虽然她直到七十多岁才开始绘画。可知，本文介绍了20世纪美国著名的画家Grandma Moses，这是一篇人物传记类记叙文，“Grandma Moses：20世纪著名的女画家”，为短文最佳标题，故选B。
【答案】40．A
41．D
42．D
【知识点】细节理解题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了在Washington, D.C. 骑自行车旅行的四条路线的相关行程及注意事项。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
40．考查细节理解。根据Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.部分中的“Reserve your spot before availability”可知，这个骑行项目需要提前预约。故选A。
41．考查细节理解。根据Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.部分中的“Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks.”知识渊博的导游将为您讲述有关总统、国会、纪念馆和公园的最有趣的故事。可知，在这个活动中，你可以享受有趣的故事。故选D。
42．考查细节理解。根据Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour部分中的“All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.”可知，所有骑行者都要装备反光背心和安全手电筒。故选D。
【答案】43．C；44．D；45．B；46．E
【知识点】任务型阅读
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了提升记忆力的四个方法。建议督促自己做得更好，相信自己可以做到。
【点评】考查六选四，本文 要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
43．根据空后“And, since most people don't expect much from their memory, they limit their chances of success from the word go.”而且，由于大多数人对自己的记忆力期望不高，他们从一开始就限制了自己成功的机会。可知，自信也是取得成功的一个重要因素。 C. But self-belief is often an even bigger factor. “但自信往往是一个更重要的因素”符合上下文语境，故选C。
44．根据空前“Back in the 1980s,I broke a world record by memorizing six packs of playing cards.”可知早在20世纪80年代，我就打破了记住六副扑克牌的世界纪录。可知，本句承接上文继续说明记住扑克牌目前的世界记录。D. Now, the record is 37 packs-in just one hour.“现在的记录是一小时内37包”符合上下文语境，故选D。
45．根据空后“Notice people who seem to have a clever trick for names, or manage to hold their to-do list in their head. See if you can spot some of their secrets.”注意那些似乎对名字有聪明技巧的人，或者设法把他们要做的事情记在脑子里的人。看看你能否发现他们的一些秘密。可知，此步骤强调的是看看别人是怎么做的。 B. Watch how others do it. “看看别人是怎么做的”符合上下文语境，故选B。
46．根据空前“Find ways to get better. Any information can be made more memorable by organizing it effectively, and using your imagination.”想办法让自己变得更好。任何信息都可以通过有效地组织和运用你的想象力而变得更加令人难忘。可知，本段强调是创造让自己记忆力更好的方法，此处承接上文说明要尝试一系列创造性的记忆技巧。 E. Experiment with a range of creative memory techniques. “尝试一系列创造性的记忆技巧”符合上下文语境，故选E。
47．【答案】A
【知识点】动词的语态；过去将来时
【解析】【分析】句意：教授说一周后会给学生分配一个新的作业。根据主句的谓语动词said，可知宾语从句 that a new assignment __________ to the students in a week 的谓语动词应用过去时的相应时态，结合时间状语 in a week ，应用过去将来时，且与主语 a new assignment 是被动关系，应用被动语态，因此应用过去将来时的被动语态，故选A。
【点评】考查时态语态，本题涉及过去将来时的被动语态。
48．【答案】B
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：由于酸雨，该国的一大片森林被认为面临灭绝的威胁。be believed to do，固定短语，“被认为做......”， threaten 与主语 a large piece of forest 是被动关系，应用不定式的被动式，故选B。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式的被动式作补足语。
49．【答案】C
【知识点】动名词
【解析】【分析】句意：饥肠辘辘的男孩忍不住做了这么愚蠢的事。 resist doing，固定短语，“抵抗做......”，动名词作宾语，tempt 与主语 the hungry boy 之间是被动关系，应用动名词的被动式，故选C。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及动名词的被动式作宾语。
50．【答案】B
【知识点】固定句式
【解析】【分析】句意：你越了解他，你就会发现他越有思想。 难怪他有这么多朋友。此句是“the +比较级，the+比较级”固定句式，“越......，越......”，两个分句应用陈述句语序，故选B。
【点评】考查固定句式，掌握“the +比较级，the+比较级”的应用。
51．【答案】A
【知识点】主语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：她的邻居已经入狱四年了，这让她很吃惊。 her neighbor had been in prison for 4 years 是主语从句，从句中不缺少句子成分，应用that引导，故选A。
【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及that引导的主语从句。
52．【答案】C
【知识点】地点状语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：三年之内，在有野草和小池塘的地方，一个新的住宅区应运而生。 there had been wild grass and small ponds 是地点状语从句，应用where引导，故选C。
【点评】考查状语从句，本题涉及where引导的地点状语从句。
53．【答案】B
【知识点】倍数；固定句式
【解析】【分析】句意：今天的美国人每人吃的蔬菜量是 1910 年的两倍多。倍数的表达方式：倍数+as+原级+as ...，故选B。
【点评】考查倍数的表达，掌握"倍数+as+原级+as ..."的应用。
54．【答案】C
【知识点】动词现在分词
【解析】【分析】句意：维基解密创始人朱利安·阿桑奇透露了许多美国最高机密，是该国最不受欢迎的人。 reveal 与Julian Assange 在逻辑上是主谓关系，现在分词表主动，且发生在谓语动词 was 之前，应用现在分词的完成式，故选C。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及现在分词的完成式作状语。
55．【答案】D
【知识点】目的状语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：每个新生婴儿的脚上都被锁定了一个数字环，以防他们被陌生人带出医院。A： now that“既然”；B： even if“即使”；C： so that“目的是，为的是”；D： in case “以防”。 they are taken by strangers out of the hospital 是目的状语从句，故选D。
【点评】考查状语从句，本题涉及in case引导的目的状语从句。
56．【答案】A
【知识点】动词过去分词
【解析】【分析】句意：一个名叫迈克尔·奥赫的流浪少年被一个富裕的家庭收养，他成长为一名明星运动员，预计将在这部喜剧剧中成为 NFL 选秀的第一轮选秀权。 a homeless teenager 和take在逻辑上构成动宾关系，应用过去分词，此处作状语，故填A。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及过去分词作状语。
【答案】57．a variety of
58．turn over
59．in honour of
60．have easy access to
61．calm
62．coping with
63．hangs out
64．pay much attention to
65．issue
66．conclusive
【知识点】选词填空
【解析】【分析】issue名词，“版，期”； calm形容词，“镇静的”； conclusive形容词，“最后的，结尾的”； practical形容词，“实践的”；a variety of 固定短语，“多种多样的” ；in honor of介词短语，“纪念，尊敬” ； cope with动词短语，“处理，处置” ； hang out动词短语，“闲逛”；turn over 动词短语，“翻到，翻转”； have easy access to 动词短语，“容易接近，容易获得”；pay much attention to 动词短语，“非常注意”。
【点评】考查选词填空，要求考生在理解句义的基础上，根据方框内所给的词汇和短语，结合相关的语法知识，做出正确答案。
57．句意：由于种种原因，他辞掉了工作。a variety of 固定短语，“多种多样的” ，此处作定语，修饰名词 reasons ，故填 a variety of 。
58．句意：气味让我反胃。turn over 动词短语，“翻到，翻转”，此处不带to的动词不定式作宾语，故填 turn over 。
59．句意：晚会是为纪念退休教师而举行的。in honor of介词短语，“纪念，尊敬” ，此处介词短语作状语，故填 in honour of 。
60．句意：这所学校的学生可以轻松访问学校图书馆。 have easy access to 动词短语，“容易接近，容易获得”，此处是谓语动词，结合语境应用一般现在时，故填 have easy access to 。
61．句意：考试时请保持冷静。calm形容词，“镇静的”，此处形容词作表语，故填calm。
62．句意：他在应对工作压力方面遇到了很多困难。 cope with动词短语，“处理，处置”，此处动名词作介词宾语，故填 coping with 。
63．句意：他经常在超市闲逛，什么都不买。 hang out动词短语，“闲逛”，此处是谓语动词，陈述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时，故填 hangs out 。
64．句意：出国旅游，要注意别国的风俗习惯。pay much attention to 动词短语，“非常注意”，should后接动词原形，故填pay much attention to 。
65．句意：最新一期的《科学美国人》强调了这个日益严重的问题。issue名词，“版，期”，此处作介词宾语，结合语境，应用单数形式，故填 issue 。
66．句意：我们已经习惯于医生使用专门的血液测试或其他昂贵的实验室测试来帮助做出结论性诊断。conclusive形容词，“最后的，结尾的”，此处修饰名词 diagnosis ，作定语，故填 conclusive 。
67．【答案】Those who stick to a balanced diet and moderate exercise are more likely to succeed.
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】stick to “坚持”；be likely to“有可能”。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。句中先行词为those，代指人，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导，主句谓语动词用复数形式。根据句意，故答案为Those who stick to a balanced diet and moderate exercise are more likely to succeed.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般现在时，限制性定语从句，以及固定短语短语stick to 和be likely to。
68．【答案】He has a gift for music and a sense of humor, which makes him popular with his friends in the college.
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】分析句子可知，这是非限制性定语从句结构。主句主语是he，谓语是has a gift for，宾语是music and a sense of humor，整个句子作先行词，指物，关系词which引导非限制性定语从句，关系词which在从句中作主语，结构make sb.+形容词意为“使某人怎么样”。再根据其它汉语提示，故答案为：He has a gift for music and a sense of humor, which makes him popular with his friends in the college.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及，一般现在时，非限制性定语从句以及固定短语have a gift for。
69．【答案】This activity aims to cultivate students' creative thinking and exploration spirits, attracting many students.
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】“ 这个活动旨在培养学生的创造思维和探索精神 ”应用动词短语aim to do“旨在做......”，是谓语动词，结合语境应用一般现在时，“在培养学生的创造思维和探索精神”用 cultivate students' creative thinking and exploration spirits 表达；“ 吸引了很多学生 ”应用 attract many students表达，此处现在分词作状语，故答案为：This activity aims to cultivate students' creative thinking and exploration spirits, attracting many students.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般现在时，现在分词作状语以及固定短语aim to do。
70．【答案】As beauty standards vary from culture to culture, what you have a high opinion of may not be valuable/much to others.
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】“ 审美标准因文化而异 ”是as引导的时间状语从句，谓语动词应用 vary，结合语境应用一般现在时，译为：as beauty standards vary from culture to culture ；“ 有很高评价的事物在别人看来可能不过尔尔 ”主语“有很高评价的事物”时what引导的主语从句，译为： what you have a high opinion of ，故答案为：As beauty standards vary from culture to culture, what you have a high opinion of may not be valuable/much to others.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般现在时，时间状语从句，主语从句，以及固定短语vary from culture to culture 。
71．【答案】Dear John,
Sincerely yours, I know you're going to set up an English program for middle school students. So I'm writing to suggest a program named "All-round Shanghai". This program will cover topics like the history, education, famous scenic spots, food and famous people of Shanghai. It would be better to broadcast it on weekends so that we students can have the chance to watch it.
Besides, you can also invite some middle school students to get involved in this program, which will surely arouse other students' interest in it. Not only will the program help students improve their English, but also get them to know more about the culture of Shanghai so as to introduce Shanghai to foreign visitors. I am sure it will be well-received by middle school students. I hope you can take my suggestion into consideration.
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李华的身份 给John写信谈谈你对该节目的设想 。写作背景： 海电视台外语频道打算开办一档面向中学生观众的英语节目，新聘任了来自英国的John 作为节目编辑助理。现在，John就节目内容向广大中学生征求意见。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）节目的名称和内容；2）开办这档节目的理由和预期的效果。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：Sincerely yours, I know you're going to set up an English program for middle school students. 运用了宾语从句；It would be better to broadcast it on weekends so that we students can have the chance to watch it.运用了目的状语从句；Besides, you can also invite some middle school students to get involved in this program, which will surely arouse other students' interest in it. 运用了非限制性定语从句；Not only will the program help students improve their English, but also get them to know more about the culture of Shanghai so as to introduce Shanghai to foreign visitors.运用了倒装句； I am sure it will be well-received by middle school students. 运用了宾语从句；I hope you can take my suggestion into consideration.运用了宾语从句。
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上外版（2020）高中英语必修一Unit 4 Customs and Traditions 单元素养测试卷
一、Grammar and Vocabulary (20分)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Our Vanishing Nights
If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, 　1． 　 most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain 　2． 　 we've done to the night: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences – called light pollution – whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky, 　3． 　 it's not wanted, instead of focusing it downward. III-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and radically alters the light levels – and light rhythms –　4． 　 many forms of life, including ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life is affected.
Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species 　5． 　 (be) astonishing. Light is a powerful biological force, and　6． 　 many species it acts as a magnet. The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being "captured" by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings. Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal, 　7． 　 (throw) nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint, including most other creatures. We do need darkness. Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, 　8． 　 light itself.
Living in a glare of our own making, we have cut 　9． 　 off from our evolutionary and cultural patrimony (遗产) — the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a very real sense, light pollution causes us　10． 　 (forget) the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way — the edge of our galaxy — arching overhead.
【答案】1．even though / even if；2．what；3．where；4．to which；5．is；6．on；7．throwing；8．as；9．ourselves；10．to forget
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类热衷于用人造光源将夜空照亮。由此引发的光污染对于动物和人类造成严重影响，呼吁我们反思自己的行为。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及状语从句，宾语从句，定语从句，时态，介词，非谓语动词，代词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
1．句意：这是一个基本的进化事实，尽管我们大多数人并不认为自己是昼夜生物。根据句意，这里应是 even though / even if 引导的让步状语，故填 even though / even if 。
2．句意：然而，这是解释我们对夜晚所做的事情的唯一方法：我们将它设计为通过用光填充它来接收我们。 we've done to the night 是宾语从句，从句中缺少done的宾语，应用what引导，故填what。
3．句意：光污染很大程度上是由于照明设计不佳造成的，它允许人造光向外向上照射到不需要它的天空，而不是向下聚焦。 it's not wanted 是非限制性定语从句，先行词是 the sky ，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where，故填where。
4．句意：III 设计的照明可以洗去夜晚的黑暗，从根本上改变包括我们自己在内的许多生命形式所适应的光照水平和光照节奏。 many forms of life, including ourselves, have adapted是非限制性定语从句，先行词是the light levels and light rhythm，在从句中在应作adapt to的宾语，应用关系代词which，从句中to没有给出，故填to which 。
5．句意：仅在哺乳动物中，夜行动物的数量就令人吃惊。此处是谓语动词，根据语境应用一般现在时， the number of 作主语，谓语动词用单数，故填is。
6．句意：光是一种强大的生物力量，在许多物种中它就像磁铁一样。on many species ，固定短语，“在许多物种上”，故选on。
7．句意：生活在灯火通明的高速公路附近的青蛙夜间光照水平比正常情况高一百万倍，几乎使它们的行为的各个方面都失控，包括大多数其他生物。此处现在分词作结果状语，故填throwing。
8．句意：黑暗对于我们的生物福利，对于我们的内部发条，就像光本身一样重要。as...as...，固定短语，“和.....一样，如同......”，故填as。
9．句意：生活在我们自己制造的眩光中，我们已经将自己与我们的进化和文化遗产——星光和白天和黑夜的节奏——隔绝开来。此处反身代词作宾语，故填 ourselves 。
10．句意：在非常真实的意义上，光污染使我们忘记了我们存在的规模，最好用银河系——我们银河系的边缘——在头顶拱起的深夜的维度来衡量。cause sb. to do固定短语，“造成某人做.....，引起某人做......”，此处不定式作宾补，故填 to forget 。
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. alert B. classify C. commit D. delicately E. gentle F. impose G. labels H. moderation I. relieve J. signals K. simply
Let's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food 　11． 　 at the supermarket. Since you really　12． 　 yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it This is where a "choice architect" can help 　13． 　some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect.
Governments don't have to 　14． 　healthier lifestyles through laws, for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect-one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with 　15． 　hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.
The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to 　16． 　foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains 　17． 　by looking at the lights on the package. A green light 　18． 　that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be　19． 　; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in 　20． 　. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.
【答案】11．G；12．C；13．I；14．F；15．E；16．B；17．K；18．J；19．A；20．H
【知识点】选词填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们都希望有健康的生活方式和饮食，但是没有时间计划。作者介绍了两种方法，一种是choice architect；还有一种是“交通灯系统”。
【点评】考查选词填空，考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素，最后通读一遍检查验证。
11．句意：但是，您没有时间仔细计划膳食菜单或阅读超市的食品标签。由于是在超市里，所以此处是阅读食物标签， labels “标签”，此处作宾语，故选G。
12．句意：既然您真的致力于更健康的生活方式，那么一点帮助就会派上用场，不是吗？根据空后“ yourself to a healthier lifestyle ”可知应用 commit oneself固定短语，“承诺”，故选C。
13．句意：这就是“选择架构师”可以帮助减轻自己做这一切的一些负担的地方。根据空后“ some of the burden of doing it all yourself ”以及空前动词help，可知，此空应用 relieve “减轻”，help do sth.固定短语，“帮助做某事”，故选 I。
14．句意：政府不必通过法律强加更健康的生活方式，例如禁烟。 impose 动词，“强加”，have to后接动词原形，故选F。
15．句意：这个想法结合了选择的自由和选择建筑师的温馨提示，他们的目标是帮助人们活得更久、更健康、更幸福。此处应用形容词修饰名词 hints ，作定语， gentle “文雅的，温馨的”，符合语境，故选E。
16．句意：英国和瑞典政府引入了所谓的“红绿灯系统”，将食品分类为健康或不健康。 classify sth as固定短语，“把......分类为......”，此处不定式作目的状语，故选B。
17．句意：这意味着客户只需看包装上的灯，就能一眼看出每种产品含有多少脂肪、糖和盐。此处副词 simply 修饰动词介词短语 by looking at the lights on the package ，“仅仅”，作状语，故选K。
18．句意：绿灯表示这三种营养素的含量是健康的。 that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy 是宾语从句，此处是谓语动词， signals “表示，展示”，符合语境，故选J。
19．句意：黄色表示客户应保持警惕。此处形容词作表语，根据语境可知，黄灯表示三种营养的量可能有问题， alert “警惕的”，符合语境，故选A。
20．句意：而红色则表示食物中至少三种营养素中的一种含量较高，应适量食用。根据语境可知，此处指“这样的食物应适量食用”，in moderation 固定短语，“适量”，在句中作状语，故选H。
二、Reading
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
This article is for all of the teenagers out there. Even though 21． you are years from being fully grown, society regularly expects you to adult. Yes, you are 22． in many ways many of you drive and do so quite safely, and you handle schedules that would 23． many adults. But you probably cannot process caffeine（咖啡因）as constantly as your parents can because of your still-growing bodies and brains.
I understand it feels grown-up to be drinking a cup of Starbucks. But all of this caffeine may worsen your anxiety, affect tonight's sleep and tomorrow's school performance, 24． nutrient absorption and even cause real trouble when mixed with alcohol. The following four aspects may well 25． the theme of this article.
The power of caffeine
Caffeine is widely considered a drug that is socially acceptable, universally used, even cool, but it still causes 26． symptoms such as headaches, fatigue and a lack of attention when removed from coffee-addicts' diets
How much is healthy
Caffeine is by no means a nutrient; you do not need it to be healthy. 27． , it is a substance that can leave you lacking nutrients because it has been shown to reduce calcium（钙）Caffeine probably causes the body to release water. And the more caffeinated drinks you consume, the less Likely you are to drink water. So experts say that adolescents should consume 28． amounts of caffeine a day（≤100 mg）.
Caffeine's 29．
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 65 percent of middle and higher schoolers are 30． to insufficient sleep on school nights. Some of their sleep problems can be mainly attributed to（归因于）caffeine, which can remain in the body for seven hours after 31． thus causing teens' worse performance the next day, It is widely assumed that adequate sleep 32． proper growth and brain development. During childhood and adolescence, the brain goes through a period called synaptic pruning（突触修剪）when unnecessary connections are promoted.
Caffeine labeling
Caffeine is not listed on the Nutrition Facts column on food labels because it is not a 33． . It may be listed as an ingredient, but the amount is not required, Caffeine is now added to foods such as gum, candy and water, along with makeup and beauty products that 34． to reduce swelling（肿块）.
Taste preferences and eating habits are often cultivated in childhood and adolescence, so teens, when you consume sweet, caffeinated drinks every time you feel sluggish（无精打采的）, you are creating a pattern that may be hard to break as an adult. It is advisable to come up with other 35． ways to boost energy so that you can master adulating better than many adults.
21．A．potentially B．necessarily
C．developmentally D．materially
22．A．mature B．experienced C．productive D．disciplined
23．A．delight B．frustrate C．liberate D．exclude
24．A．promote B．assist C．intensify D．discourage
25．A．call for B．account for C．turn to D．appeal to
26．A．withdrawal B．addiction C．nutrition D．infection
27．A．Therefore B．Instead C．Moreover D．Otherwise
28．A．initial B．sufficient C．moderate D．stable
29．A．reputations B．confirmations C．implications D．disadvantages
30．A．subjected B．alerted C．reduced D．opposed
31．A．stimulation B．concentration C．excitement D．consumption
32．A．results from B．contributes to C．benefits from D．attends to
33．A．therapy B．material C．nutrient D．substitute
34．A．appear B．promise C．happen
35．A．instructive B．comprehensive C．extensive D．alternative
【答案】21．C；22．A；23．B；24．D；25．B；26．A；27．B；28．C；29．D；30．A；31．D；32．B；33．C；34．B；35．D
【知识点】说明文；医疗保健类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，告诫所有青少年，尽管你在发育上还需要几年才能完全成熟，不断地摄入咖啡因对身体的危害。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及副词，动词，名词，形容词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：即使在发育上你还需要数年才能完全成长，但社会通常希望你成年。A. potentially“有潜力地”；B. necessarily“必要地”；C. developmentally“发育地”；D. materially“实质地”。根据空后“you are years from being fully grown, society regularly expects you to adult.”和常识可知，你在发育上还需要几年才能完全成熟，但社会通常期望你成年。故选C。
22．句意：是的，你们在很多方面都很成熟，你们中的许多人开车并且非常安全，而且你们处理的日程安排会让许多成年人感到沮丧。A. mature“成熟的”；B. experienced“有经验的”；C. productive“多产的”； D. disciplined“遵守纪律的”。根据空后“ many of you drive and do so quite safely, and you handle schedules that would 3 many adults.”可知，很多人开车都很安全，你处理的日程安排也会让很多成年人感到沮丧，这些都是成熟的表现。故选A。
23．句意：是的，你们在很多方面都很成熟，你们中的许多人开车并且非常安全，而且你们处理的日程安排会让许多成年人感到沮丧。A. delight“使高兴”；B. frustrate“挫败”；C. liberate“解放”；D. exclude“排除”。此处指你处理的日程安排也会让很多成年人感到沮丧，你的水平已超过成年人。故选B。
24．句意：但是所有这些咖啡因可能会加剧你的焦虑，影响今晚的睡眠和明天的学校表现，阻碍营养吸收，甚至在与酒精混合时造成真正的麻烦。A. promote“提升”；B. assist“帮助”；C. intensify“使加强”；D. discourage“阻碍”。此处指咖啡因可能会加重你的焦虑，影响你今晚的睡眠和明天的学习成绩，阻碍你吸收营养，甚至在与酒精混合时造成真正的麻烦。表示“阻碍”，故选D。
25．句意：以下四个方面可以很好地说明本文的主题。A. call for“要求”；B. account for“对......作出解释”；C. turn to“转向，求助于”； D. appeal to“呼吁”。根据语境可知，以下四个方面可以很好地解释本文的主题。故选B。
26．句意：咖啡因被广泛认为是一种社会可接受的药物，普遍使用，甚至很酷，但当从咖啡成瘾者的饮食中去除时，它仍然会引起诸如头痛、疲劳和注意力不集中等戒断症状。A. withdrawal“撤退”； B. addiction“上瘾”；C. nutrition“营养”；D. infection“感染，影响”。根据语境可知，咖啡因会导致戒断症状，比如头痛、疲劳，以及从咖啡成瘾者的饮食中去除后注意力不集中。故选A。
27．句意：相反，它是一种会使您缺乏营养的物质，因为它已被证明可以减少钙 咖啡因可能会导致身体释放水分。A. Therefore“因此”；B. Instead“相反”；C. Moreover“另外”；D. Otherwise“否则”。根据上文“Caffeine is by no means a nutrient; you do not need it to be healthy.指咖啡因绝不是一种营养物质，你不需要它是健康的。本句指它是一种物质，可以让你缺乏营养，因为它已经被证明可以减少钙。前后句是转折关系表示“相反”，故选B。
28．句意：所以专家建议青少年每天摄入适量的咖啡因（≤100mg）。A. initial“最初的”；B. sufficient“足够的”；C. moderate“适度的”；D. stable“稳定的”。根据语境可知，专家建议青少年应该每天摄入适量的咖啡因，故选C。
29．句意：咖啡因的坏处。A. reputations“名声”；B. confirmations“证实”；C. implications“暗示”；D. disadvantages“缺点，劣势”。根据下文的“Some of their sleep problems can be mainly attributed to (归因于) caffeine”，可知，本部分主要讲述咖啡因的缺点。故选D。
30．句意：根据疾病控制和预防中心的数据，大约 65% 的初中和高中生在学校晚上睡眠不足。A. subjected“使遭受”； B. alerted“警告”；C. reduced“减少”；D. opposed“反对”。be subjected to固定短语， “遭受，经受” 故选A。
31．句意：他们的一些睡眠问题主要归因于咖啡因，咖啡因在摄入后会在体内停留 7 小时，从而导致青少年第二天的表现更差。A. stimulation“激励”；B. concentration“集中”；C. excitement“兴奋”； D. consumption“消耗”。此处表示咖啡因在摄入后会在体内停留7个小时进行消耗，故选D。
32．句意：人们普遍认为，充足的睡眠有助于正常的生长和大脑发育。在童年和青春期，当不必要的连接被促进时，大脑会经历一个称为突触修剪的时期。A. results from“起因是”；B. contributes to“有助于”；C. benefits from“从.....获益”；D. attends to“照料”。此处表示充足的睡眠有助于大脑的正常发育。故选B。
33．句意：咖啡因没有列在食品标签的营养成分栏中，因为它不是一种营养素。A. therapy“治疗”；B. material“材料”；C. nutrient“营养物”；D. substitute“代替者”。根据空后“Caffeine is not listed on the Nutrition Facts column on food labels”可知，咖啡因没有列在食品标签上的营养成分栏上，因为它不是一种营养素。故选C。
34．句意：它可能被列为一种成分，但数量不是必需的，咖啡因现在被添加到口香糖、糖果和水等食物中，以及承诺减少肿胀的化妆品和美容产品中。A. fail“失败”；B. appear“出现”；C. promise“许诺”；D. happen“发生”。此处指化妆品和美容产品做出的承诺，故选C。
35．句意：想出其他替代方法来增强能量，这样你就可以比很多成年人更好地掌握成人技能，这是明智的。A. instructive“有教育意义的”；B. comprehensive“有理解力的”；C. extensive“广泛的”； D. alternative“供选择的”。此处指提出其他替代方式来提高能源，这是明智的。故选D。
三、阅读短文，回答问题
Directions: Read
the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose
the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have
just read.
When it comes to the most famous 20th century painters of the
United States, Grandma Moses should be mentioned, although she did not start painting
until she was in her late seventies. As she once said to herself: "I would
never sit back in a rocking chair, waiting for someone to help me". No one
could have had a more active old age.
She was born on a farm in New York State, one of five boys and
five girls. At 12 she left home and was in domestic service until at 27 she married
Thomas Moses, the hired hand of one of her employers. They farmed most of their
lives, first in Virginia and then in New York State, at Eagle Bridge. She had ten
children, of whom five survived; her husband died in 1927.
Grandma Moses painted a little as a child and made embroidery
(刺绣) pictures as a hobby,
but only changed to oils in old age because her hands became too stiff (僵硬的) to sew and she still wanted to keep busy and pass the time. Her pictures
were first sold at the local drugstore and at a market and were soon noticed by
a businessman who bought all that she painted. Three of the pictures were exhibited
in the Museum of Modern Art, and in 1940 she had her first exhibition in New York.
Between the 1930's and her death, she produced some 2,000 pictures: careful and
lively portrayals of the country life she had known for so long, with a wonderful
sense of color and form. "I think really hard till I think of something really
pretty, and then I paint it" she said.
36．What can we learn about Moses
A．She stopped painting in her late seventies.
B．She painted oils as a child.
C．Her marriage life was not happy.
D．She still led an active life when she was old.
37．What did Grandma Moses spend most of her life doing
A．Embroidering. B．Nursing. C．Painting. D．Farming
38．What does the underlined word "portrayals " in last paragraph mean
A．Directions. B．Stages. C．Descriptions. D．Surveys.
39．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Grandma Moses: the Best Woman Painter
B．Grandma Moses: A Famous Woman Painter of 20th Century
C．Grandma Moses and Her Exhibition
D．Grandma Moses and Her Farm Life
【答案】36．D
37．D
38．C
39．B
【知识点】词义猜测题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文；标题选择题
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了20世纪美国著名的画家Grandma Moses的生平，以及她的作品和创作风格。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
36．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“No one could have had a more active old age．”没有人的晚年能过得比 Moses更积极。可知，关于Moses我们能知道的是她老的时候仍然过着积极的生活。故选D。
37．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“They farmed most of their lives, first in Virginia and then in New York State, at Eagle Bridge. ”他们一生大部分时间都在耕种，先是在弗吉尼亚，然后是在纽约州，再是在鹰桥。可知，Grandma Moses一生绝大部分时间都在务农，故选D。
38．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Between the 1930's and her death, she produced some 2,000 pictures: careful and lively portrayals of the country life she had known for so long, with a wonderful sense of color and form. ”从20世纪30年代到去世，她创作了大约2000多副画：仔细而生动的描绘她所熟知很久的乡村生活，是色彩和形式感的奇妙结合。可知，画线词是对其画作的解读，画作反映其长期生活的乡村生活，所以portrayals 是对乡村生活的“描述”，故选C。
39．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“When it comes to the most famous 20th century painters of the United States, Grandma Moses should be mentioned, although she did not start painting until she was in her late seventies. ”当谈到美国最著名的20世纪画家，Grandma Moses应该被提及，虽然她直到七十多岁才开始绘画。可知，本文介绍了20世纪美国著名的画家Grandma Moses，这是一篇人物传记类记叙文，“Grandma Moses：20世纪著名的女画家”，为短文最佳标题，故选B。
阅读短文，回答问题
Washington, D. C. Bicycle Tours
Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in
Washington, D. C.
Duration:
3 hours
This
small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with
beautiful flowers of Washington, D. C. Your guide will provide a history lesson
about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before
availability-the cherry blossoms-disappear！
Washington Capital Monuments
Bicycle Tour
Duration:
3 hours （4 miles）
Join
a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.
C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares
unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies
and bottled water.
Capital City Bike Tour In Washington,
D. C.
Duration:
3 hours
Morning
or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals
looking to experience Washington, D. C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable
guides will entertain you with the most, interesting stories about Presidents, Congress,
memorials, and fortable bikes and smooth tour route（路线）make cycling between the sites fun and
relaxing.
Washington Capital Sites at
Night Bicycle Tour
Duration:
3 hours（7miles）
Join
a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington,
D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol
Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide
offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water.
All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
40．Which tour do you need to book in advance
A．Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, DC
B．Washington capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.
C．Capital City Bike Tour in Washington.
D．Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.
41．What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour
A．Meet famous people. B．Go to national park.
C．Visit well-known museums. D．Enjoy interesting stories.
42．Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide
A．City maps. B．Cameras C．Meals D．Safety lights.
【答案】40．A
41．D
42．D
【知识点】细节理解题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了在Washington, D.C. 骑自行车旅行的四条路线的相关行程及注意事项。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
40．考查细节理解。根据Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.部分中的“Reserve your spot before availability”可知，这个骑行项目需要提前预约。故选A。
41．考查细节理解。根据Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.部分中的“Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks.”知识渊博的导游将为您讲述有关总统、国会、纪念馆和公园的最有趣的故事。可知，在这个活动中，你可以享受有趣的故事。故选D。
42．考查细节理解。根据Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour部分中的“All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.”可知，所有骑行者都要装备反光背心和安全手电筒。故选D。
四、任务型阅读
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. Practice more! B. Watch how others do it. C. But self-belief is often an even bigger factor. D. Now, the record is 37 packs-in just one hour. E. Experiment with a range of creative memory techniques. F. People always limit their abilities for lack of confidence.
Expect More from Your Memory
How many African countries can you remember Try to say as many as you can before reading on
There are 54 countries in Africa. If you got them all, well done! Hardly anyone does, of course. But most people could have gotten more than they did. Motivation is a big part of memory. Be honest: if there had been a big prize of this task, wouldn't you have pushed yourself a bit more 　43． 　And, since most people don't expect much from their memory, they limit their chances of success from the word go.
Not everyone, though. When people get competitive about memory, they do amazing things. Back in the 1980s, I broke a world record by memorizing six packs of playing cards. 　44． 　Psychologist Carol Dweck popularized the "growth mindset" -the belief that you can keep improving your abilities, with commitment. Here are four ways to use that approach.
Step 1: Admit what you're good at. Think about the things that you remember with ease. There's no reason why your memory can't work that well all the time.
Step 2: 　45． 　 Notice people who seem to have a clever trick for names, or manage to hold their to-do list in their head. See if you can spot some of their secrets.
Step 3: Find ways to get better. Any information can be made more memorable by organizing it effectively, and using your imagination.　46． 　
Step 4: Practise: Take every opportunity to use your memory. Stretch it a little each day by setting yourself challenges.
Now, go back to the challenge at the beginning. Push yourself to do better, and really believe that you can.
【答案】43．C；44．D；45．B；46．E
【知识点】任务型阅读
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了提升记忆力的四个方法。建议督促自己做得更好，相信自己可以做到。
【点评】考查六选四，本文 要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
43．根据空后“And, since most people don't expect much from their memory, they limit their chances of success from the word go.”而且，由于大多数人对自己的记忆力期望不高，他们从一开始就限制了自己成功的机会。可知，自信也是取得成功的一个重要因素。 C. But self-belief is often an even bigger factor. “但自信往往是一个更重要的因素”符合上下文语境，故选C。
44．根据空前“Back in the 1980s,I broke a world record by memorizing six packs of playing cards.”可知早在20世纪80年代，我就打破了记住六副扑克牌的世界纪录。可知，本句承接上文继续说明记住扑克牌目前的世界记录。D. Now, the record is 37 packs-in just one hour.“现在的记录是一小时内37包”符合上下文语境，故选D。
45．根据空后“Notice people who seem to have a clever trick for names, or manage to hold their to-do list in their head. See if you can spot some of their secrets.”注意那些似乎对名字有聪明技巧的人，或者设法把他们要做的事情记在脑子里的人。看看你能否发现他们的一些秘密。可知，此步骤强调的是看看别人是怎么做的。 B. Watch how others do it. “看看别人是怎么做的”符合上下文语境，故选B。
46．根据空前“Find ways to get better. Any information can be made more memorable by organizing it effectively, and using your imagination.”想办法让自己变得更好。任何信息都可以通过有效地组织和运用你的想象力而变得更加令人难忘。可知，本段强调是创造让自己记忆力更好的方法，此处承接上文说明要尝试一系列创造性的记忆技巧。 E. Experiment with a range of creative memory techniques. “尝试一系列创造性的记忆技巧”符合上下文语境，故选E。
五、Grammar。阅读完后的句子或下面的段落，填入填空的句子。句子、或连贯的段落在语法上是正确的。Directions: After reading the sentences or passages below, fill in the blanks to make the sentences or passages coherent and grammatically correct.
47．The professor said that a new assignment __________ to the students in a week.
A．would be assigned B．would assign
C．will be assigned D．was assigned
【答案】A
【知识点】动词的语态；过去将来时
【解析】【分析】句意：教授说一周后会给学生分配一个新的作业。根据主句的谓语动词said，可知宾语从句 that a new assignment __________ to the students in a week 的谓语动词应用过去时的相应时态，结合时间状语 in a week ，应用过去将来时，且与主语 a new assignment 是被动关系，应用被动语态，因此应用过去将来时的被动语态，故选A。
【点评】考查时态语态，本题涉及过去将来时的被动语态。
48．Due to acid rain, a large piece of forest in that country is believed __________ with extinction.
A．to threaten B．to be threatened
C．to be threatening D．to have threatened
【答案】B
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：由于酸雨，该国的一大片森林被认为面临灭绝的威胁。be believed to do，固定短语，“被认为做......”， threaten 与主语 a large piece of forest 是被动关系，应用不定式的被动式，故选B。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式的被动式作补足语。
49．The hungry boy couldn't resist __________ to do such a foolish thing.
A．to tempt B．to be tempted C．being tempted D．tempting
【答案】C
【知识点】动名词
【解析】【分析】句意：饥肠辘辘的男孩忍不住做了这么愚蠢的事。 resist doing，固定短语，“抵抗做......”，动名词作宾语，tempt 与主语 the hungry boy 之间是被动关系，应用动名词的被动式，故选C。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及动名词的被动式作宾语。
50．The more you get to know him, ______. No wonder he has so many friends.
A．the less thoughtful will you find he is
B．the more thoughtful you will find he is
C．the more thoughtful will you find he is
D．you will find him more thoughtful
【答案】B
【知识点】固定句式
【解析】【分析】句意：你越了解他，你就会发现他越有思想。 难怪他有这么多朋友。此句是“the +比较级，the+比较级”固定句式，“越......，越......”，两个分句应用陈述句语序，故选B。
【点评】考查固定句式，掌握“the +比较级，the+比较级”的应用。
51．It surprised her greatly _____ her neighbor had been in prison for 4 years.
A．that B．for C．while D．whether
【答案】A
【知识点】主语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：她的邻居已经入狱四年了，这让她很吃惊。 her neighbor had been in prison for 4 years 是主语从句，从句中不缺少句子成分，应用that引导，故选A。
【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及that引导的主语从句。
52．Within three years a new residential area came into being _____ there had been wild grass and small ponds.
A．that B．before C．where D．which
【答案】C
【知识点】地点状语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：三年之内，在有野草和小池塘的地方，一个新的住宅区应运而生。 there had been wild grass and small ponds 是地点状语从句，应用where引导，故选C。
【点评】考查状语从句，本题涉及where引导的地点状语从句。
53．Americans eat _____________ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.
A．more than twice B．twice as many
C．as twice as many D．more than twice as many
【答案】B
【知识点】倍数；固定句式
【解析】【分析】句意：今天的美国人每人吃的蔬菜量是 1910 年的两倍多。倍数的表达方式：倍数+as+原级+as ...，故选B。
【点评】考查倍数的表达，掌握"倍数+as+原级+as ..."的应用。
54．_______ many top US secrets, Julian Assange, founder of the wikileaks, was the most unwelcome person in the country.
A．Revealed B．To reveal
C．Having revealed D．Being revealed
【答案】C
【知识点】动词现在分词
【解析】【分析】句意：维基解密创始人朱利安·阿桑奇透露了许多美国最高机密，是该国最不受欢迎的人。 reveal 与Julian Assange 在逻辑上是主谓关系，现在分词表主动，且发生在谓语动词 was 之前，应用现在分词的完成式，故选C。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及现在分词的完成式作状语。
55．A digital ring is locked on every newborn baby's foot _______ they are taken by strangers out of the hospital.
A．now that B．even if C．so that D．in case
【答案】D
【知识点】目的状语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：每个新生婴儿的脚上都被锁定了一个数字环，以防他们被陌生人带出医院。A： now that“既然”；B： even if“即使”；C： so that“目的是，为的是”；D： in case “以防”。 they are taken by strangers out of the hospital 是目的状语从句，故选D。
【点评】考查状语从句，本题涉及in case引导的目的状语从句。
56．________ in by a well-to-do family, a homeless teenager named Michael Oher matures into a star athlete predicted to be a first-round pick in the NFL draft in this comedy drama.
A．Taken B．Having taken C．Taking D．When taking
【答案】A
【知识点】动词过去分词
【解析】【分析】句意：一个名叫迈克尔·奥赫的流浪少年被一个富裕的家庭收养，他成长为一名明星运动员，预计将在这部喜剧剧中成为 NFL 选秀的第一轮选秀权。 a homeless teenager 和take在逻辑上构成动宾关系，应用过去分词，此处作状语，故填A。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及过去分词作状语。
六、Blank-filling
Direction:Fill in the blanks with proper words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once. Note that there is one word or phrase more than you need.
issue calm conclusive practical a variety of in honor of cope with hang out turn over have easy access to pay much attention to
57．He quit his job for　 　reasons.
58．The smell made my stomach　 　.
59．The party was held　 　the retired teachers.
60．The students in this school　 　the school library.
61．Please keep　 　when you are taking an exam.
62．He had a lot of difficulty in　 　the stresses of the job.
63．He often　 　at the supermarket, buying nothing at all.
64．While traveling abroad, we should　 　the customs of other countries.
65．The growing problem is underlined in the latest　 　of the Scientific American.
66．We've become used to doctors using specialized blood tests or other expensive laboratory tests to help make a(n)　 　diagnosis.
【答案】57．a variety of
58．turn over
59．in honour of
60．have easy access to
61．calm
62．coping with
63．hangs out
64．pay much attention to
65．issue
66．conclusive
【知识点】选词填空
【解析】【分析】issue名词，“版，期”； calm形容词，“镇静的”； conclusive形容词，“最后的，结尾的”； practical形容词，“实践的”；a variety of 固定短语，“多种多样的” ；in honor of介词短语，“纪念，尊敬” ； cope with动词短语，“处理，处置” ； hang out动词短语，“闲逛”；turn over 动词短语，“翻到，翻转”； have easy access to 动词短语，“容易接近，容易获得”；pay much attention to 动词短语，“非常注意”。
【点评】考查选词填空，要求考生在理解句义的基础上，根据方框内所给的词汇和短语，结合相关的语法知识，做出正确答案。
57．句意：由于种种原因，他辞掉了工作。a variety of 固定短语，“多种多样的” ，此处作定语，修饰名词 reasons ，故填 a variety of 。
58．句意：气味让我反胃。turn over 动词短语，“翻到，翻转”，此处不带to的动词不定式作宾语，故填 turn over 。
59．句意：晚会是为纪念退休教师而举行的。in honor of介词短语，“纪念，尊敬” ，此处介词短语作状语，故填 in honour of 。
60．句意：这所学校的学生可以轻松访问学校图书馆。 have easy access to 动词短语，“容易接近，容易获得”，此处是谓语动词，结合语境应用一般现在时，故填 have easy access to 。
61．句意：考试时请保持冷静。calm形容词，“镇静的”，此处形容词作表语，故填calm。
62．句意：他在应对工作压力方面遇到了很多困难。 cope with动词短语，“处理，处置”，此处动名词作介词宾语，故填 coping with 。
63．句意：他经常在超市闲逛，什么都不买。 hang out动词短语，“闲逛”，此处是谓语动词，陈述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时，故填 hangs out 。
64．句意：出国旅游，要注意别国的风俗习惯。pay much attention to 动词短语，“非常注意”，should后接动词原形，故填pay much attention to 。
65．句意：最新一期的《科学美国人》强调了这个日益严重的问题。issue名词，“版，期”，此处作介词宾语，结合语境，应用单数形式，故填 issue 。
66．句意：我们已经习惯于医生使用专门的血液测试或其他昂贵的实验室测试来帮助做出结论性诊断。conclusive形容词，“最后的，结尾的”，此处修饰名词 diagnosis ，作定语，故填 conclusive 。
七、Translation
67．能坚持均衡膳食和适量运动的人更有可能成功。(likely)
【答案】Those who stick to a balanced diet and moderate exercise are more likely to succeed.
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】stick to “坚持”；be likely to“有可能”。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。句中先行词为those，代指人，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导，主句谓语动词用复数形式。根据句意，故答案为Those who stick to a balanced diet and moderate exercise are more likely to succeed.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般现在时，限制性定语从句，以及固定短语短语stick to 和be likely to。
68．他既有音乐天赋又有幽默感，这使得他在大学的朋友中很受欢迎。(which)
【答案】He has a gift for music and a sense of humor, which makes him popular with his friends in the college.
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】分析句子可知，这是非限制性定语从句结构。主句主语是he，谓语是has a gift for，宾语是music and a sense of humor，整个句子作先行词，指物，关系词which引导非限制性定语从句，关系词which在从句中作主语，结构make sb.+形容词意为“使某人怎么样”。再根据其它汉语提示，故答案为：He has a gift for music and a sense of humor, which makes him popular with his friends in the college.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及，一般现在时，非限制性定语从句以及固定短语have a gift for。
69．这个活动旨在培养学生的创造思维和探索精神，吸引了很多学生。（aim, 分词作状语）
【答案】This activity aims to cultivate students' creative thinking and exploration spirits, attracting many students.
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】“ 这个活动旨在培养学生的创造思维和探索精神 ”应用动词短语aim to do“旨在做......”，是谓语动词，结合语境应用一般现在时，“在培养学生的创造思维和探索精神”用 cultivate students' creative thinking and exploration spirits 表达；“ 吸引了很多学生 ”应用 attract many students表达，此处现在分词作状语，故答案为：This activity aims to cultivate students' creative thinking and exploration spirits, attracting many students.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般现在时，现在分词作状语以及固定短语aim to do。
70．审美标准因文化而异，因此，你有很高评价的事物在别人看来可能不过尔尔。(vary)
【答案】As beauty standards vary from culture to culture, what you have a high opinion of may not be valuable/much to others.
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】“ 审美标准因文化而异 ”是as引导的时间状语从句，谓语动词应用 vary，结合语境应用一般现在时，译为：as beauty standards vary from culture to culture ；“ 有很高评价的事物在别人看来可能不过尔尔 ”主语“有很高评价的事物”时what引导的主语从句，译为： what you have a high opinion of ，故答案为：As beauty standards vary from culture to culture, what you have a high opinion of may not be valuable/much to others.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般现在时，时间状语从句，主语从句，以及固定短语vary from culture to culture 。
八、Guided Writing
71． Directions: Write
an English composition in 120 words according to the instructions given below in
Chinese.
上海电视台外语频道打算开办一档面向中学生观众的英语节目，新聘任了来自英国的John 作为节目编辑助理。现在，John就节目内容向广大中学生征求意见。
假如你是学生李华，请你给John写信谈谈你对该节目的设想。信的内容包括：
1）节目的名称和内容；
2）开办这档节目的理由和预期的效果。
【答案】Dear John,
Sincerely yours, I know you're going to set up an English program for middle school students. So I'm writing to suggest a program named "All-round Shanghai". This program will cover topics like the history, education, famous scenic spots, food and famous people of Shanghai. It would be better to broadcast it on weekends so that we students can have the chance to watch it.
Besides, you can also invite some middle school students to get involved in this program, which will surely arouse other students' interest in it. Not only will the program help students improve their English, but also get them to know more about the culture of Shanghai so as to introduce Shanghai to foreign visitors. I am sure it will be well-received by middle school students. I hope you can take my suggestion into consideration.
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李华的身份 给John写信谈谈你对该节目的设想 。写作背景： 海电视台外语频道打算开办一档面向中学生观众的英语节目，新聘任了来自英国的John 作为节目编辑助理。现在，John就节目内容向广大中学生征求意见。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）节目的名称和内容；2）开办这档节目的理由和预期的效果。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：Sincerely yours, I know you're going to set up an English program for middle school students. 运用了宾语从句；It would be better to broadcast it on weekends so that we students can have the chance to watch it.运用了目的状语从句；Besides, you can also invite some middle school students to get involved in this program, which will surely arouse other students' interest in it. 运用了非限制性定语从句；Not only will the program help students improve their English, but also get them to know more about the culture of Shanghai so as to introduce Shanghai to foreign visitors.运用了倒装句； I am sure it will be well-received by middle school students. 运用了宾语从句；I hope you can take my suggestion into consideration.运用了宾语从句。
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