新概念英语第二册 Lesson 62 After the fire课堂笔记 学案

新概念英语第二册Lesson 62课堂笔记
课文：
First listen and then answer the question.
听录音,然后回答以下问题.
What was the danger to the villages after the fire
Firemen had been fighting the forest for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.A short time before,great trees had covered the countryside for miles around.Now,smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills.Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction,for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well.When the fire had at last been put out,the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly.The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes.The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain.By then,however,in many places the grass had already taken root.In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.
课文翻译：
消防队员们同那场森林大火搏斗了将近3个星期才最后把火势控制住.就在不久之前,参天大树还覆盖着方圆数英里的土地.而现在,发热的地面上仍然升腾着烟雾,弥漫在荒凉的山丘上.冬季即将来临,这些山丘对周围的村庄具有毁灭性的威胁,因为大雨不仅会冲走土壤,而且还会引起严重的水灾.在大火最后被扑灭后,森林管理当局订购了好几吨一种生长迅速的特殊类型的草籽.飞机把这种草籽大量地撒播在地上.飞机撒播近一个月后,开始下起雨来.然而到那时,很多地方的草已经生了根.一片片的绿草开始出现在这片烧焦的土地上,代替了多少世纪以来一直生长在那里的参天大树.
课文讲解：
课文标题：
1. After the fire
大火之后
介词+名词短语构成介词短语。
问题：
2.What was the danger to the village after the fire
火灾发生后，这个村庄有什么危险？
本句是特殊疑问句.
主系表结构，主语是the special importance,系动词was,谓语动词is,表语是what；状语1是to the village,状语2是after the fire.
3.Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.
消防队员们同那场森林大火搏斗了将近3个星期才最后把火势控制住。
本句是before引导的时间状语从句，
主句是主系表状结构，主语是firemen,系动词had been,表语是现在分词短语fighting the forest,状语是for nearly three weeks.
时间状语从句是主谓宾状结构，主语they,谓语could get，宾语it，状语under control.
4.A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around.
就在不久之前，参天大树还覆盖着房源数英里的土地。
本句是主谓宾状结构，主语great trees，谓语是had covered,宾语是the countryside,状语1是for miles,状语2是around，状语3是a short time before.
5.Now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills.
而现在，发热的地面上仍然升腾着烟雾，弥漫在荒凉的山丘上。
本句是主谓状结构，主语smoke,谓语动词rose up,状语1是from the warm ground,状语2是over the desolate hills.
6.Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well.
冬季即将来临，这些山丘对周围的村庄有毁灭性的威胁, 因为大雨不仅会冲走土壤，而且还会引起严重的水灾。
本句是and连接的两个并列句，
第一句主系表状结构，主语winter,谓语was,表语是现在分词coming，状语是on.
第二句是for引导的原因状从，主句主谓宾状结构，主语是hills，谓语threatened，宾语the surrounding villages，伴随状语是with destruction.
for原因状从，for引导的原因状语从句只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开，for原因状从里面是并联连词not only...but连接的两个句子，前一个句子是主谓宾结构，主语heavy rain,谓语是would wash away,宾语是the soil,后一个句子是主谓宾状结构，主语是省略的heavy rain,谓语是cause,宾语是serious floods,状语as well.
7.When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several type of grass-seed which would grow quickly.
在大火最后被扑灭后，森林管理当局订购了好几吨一种生长迅速的特殊类型的草籽。
本句是when引导的时间状语从句及which引导的定语从句。
when从句是主系表状结构，主语the fire,谓语had been,表语是过去分词短语put out,状语是at last.
主句是主谓宾结构，主语是the forest authorities，谓语ordered，宾语several type of grass-seed.
时定从是主谓状结构，主语是关系代词which,谓语would grow，状语quickly.
8.The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes.
飞机把这种草籽大量地撒播在地上。
本句是主系表状结构，被动语态，主语The seed谓语动词was,表语是sprayed,状语1是over the ground，状语2是in huge quantities,状语3是by aeroplanes.
9.The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain.
飞机撒播近一个月后，开始下起雨来。
本句是when引导的时间状语从句，
主句主系表状结构，主语the planes,谓语是had been,表语是现在分词短语planting seed，状语是for nearly a month，
when从句，主谓宾结构，主语it，谓语动词 began,宾语是动词不定式to rain.
10.By then, however , in many places the grass had already taken root.
然而到那时，很多地方的草已经生了根。
本句是主谓状结构，主语the grass,谓语是had taken root,状语1是already,状语2是in many places,状语3是by then.
11. In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries, patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.
一片片的绿草开始出现在这片烧焦的土地上，代替了多少世纪以来一直生长在哪里的参天大树。
本句是介词短语in place of...里面套了个which引导的定语从句，
定从是主系表状结构，主语是关系词which,谓语是had been,表语是现在分词growing,状语1是there，状语2是for centuries.
主句主谓宾状结构，主语patches of green，谓语had begun，宾语to appear,状语1是in the blackened soil,状语2是in place of....
Notes on the text
1. Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control. 消防队员们同那场森林大火搏斗了将近3个星期最后才把火势控制住。
under control: 受到控制
2. Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction,for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well. 冬季即将来临，这些山丘对周围的村庄具有毁灭性的威胁，因为大雨不仅会冲走土壤，而且还会引起严重的水灾。
come on: 开始，来临，用于指时间、季节等自然条件情况的出现。
not only……but……as well: 不但……而且……, 相当于not only……but also
wash away: 冲刷
3. The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes. 飞机把这种草籽大量地撒播在地上。
in huge quantities: 大量的
4. In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries,patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil. 一片片的绿草开始出现在这片烧焦的土地上，代替了多少世纪以来一直生长在那里的参天大树。
in place of: 代替
Key structures
过去完成时（had done）表示过去某一时间前就已经发生或完成了的动作（过去的过去），对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或结果。
例句：He had lived in Scotland for fifteen years before he came to England.
过去完成进行时（had been doing）表示某个过去正在进行的动作或状态，持续到过去某个时刻，还未完成，一直持续到之后的当前才结束。
例句：He had been working in a factory for years before he got this job.
Special difficulties
容易混淆的单词
1. control: 控制 He controls a large business company.
check: 检查 A mechanic checked my car engine.
2. great: 伟大 The Parthenon is a great building.
big: 大的 Skyscrapers are big buildings.
3. soil: 土壤 Olive trees can grow in poor soil.
ground: 地面 The ball fell to the ground.