牛津译林版（2019） 选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 Food matters Grammar and usage 课件(共49张PPT)

(共49张PPT)
Grammar & Usage
Grammar & Usage
-To infinitives as subjects and predicatives
B4U1
Class 108 Christina Chu
A REVIEW
动词不定式一般由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”。动词不定式可以带宾语或状语构成动词不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。动词不定式不能单独作谓语，可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语等。如：
To finish the task in a week is very hard.
The big boy managed to pass the exam.
My work is to clean the garden every day.
She was the first woman to swim across the English Channel.
Tell him to come here the day after tomorrow.
主
宾
表
定
补
As a real foodie, I enjoy all kinds of foods. My dream is to try different restaurants and taste various foods.
Yesterday I invited some friends to try a great new restaurant for dinner.
Nothing can stop our determination to have a try. We decided to wait outside.
After an hour of waiting, we were invited to go into the restaurant and take the order.
The dishes are extremely delicious. It is worthwhile to have such a long wait.
Lead-in
Find out to-infinitives and guess their functions.
表
宾
主
补
补
用 it 做形式主语改写下面句子
(1) To speak English well isn't an easy job.
(2) To improve our teaching method is very important.
(3) To talk with her is a great pleasure.
(4) To look up every new word would be a waste of time.
It isn’t an easy job to speak English.
It is very important to improve our teaching method.
It is a great pleasure to talk with her.
It would be a waste of time to look up every new word .
Step 1 Read and fill
Step 1 Read and fill
In the past, the author liked to eat ___________.
The author was ______ to try new restaurants.
To eat out was also _____________to enhance the relationship with friends.
Then the author came across___________.
There are a lot of ________ to choose from.
It offers __________________ for users to follow step by step.
In the last few week, the author engaged in home cooking.
Cooking at home is _____.
The author can cook exactly _____he wants.
Cooking at home is ______.
at a restaurant
a cooking app
eager
a social activity
recipes
detailed instructions
cheaper
what
healthier
reasons
functions
benefits
Step 1 Read and fill
Step 1 Read and fill
In the past, the author liked to eat ___________.
The author was ______ to try new restaurants.
To eat out was also _____________to enhance the relationship with friends.
Then the author came across___________.
There are a lot of ________ to choose from.
It offers __________________ for users to follow step by step.
In the last few week, the author engaged in home cooking.
Cooking at home is _____.
The author can cook exactly _____he wants.
Cooking at home is ______.
at a restaurant
a cooking app
eager
a social activity
recipes
detailed instructions
cheaper
what
healthier
reasons
functions
benefits
Q1：In what order is the text organized
A:It is organized in the order of time.
Q2: Can you find more benefits about cooking at home？
A:In the context of COVID-19 pandemic, cooking at home can be a useful skill, especially for young people living alone.
Q3: Do you know other ways to access recipes online
A:Cooking channels on video websites.
Step 2 Read and learn
Step 2 Read and learn
To infinitives as subjects To infinitives as predicative
it
be
Step 2 Read and learn
Step 2 Read and learn
①
②
③
Q：What are the functions of the three to-infinitives
A:
①object complement
②attributives
③adverbials of purpose
1. To eat out was also a social activity, allowing me to enhance the relationships with my friends.
核心考点：
(1). enhance the quality of life提高生活质量
enhance the reputation of the company 提高公司声誉
(2). enhanced adj. 提高的
enhanced efficiency提高了的效率
(3). enhancement n. 提高
software enhancements 软件增强设备
equipment for the enhancement of sound quality 音质提升设备
佳句赏析：
(1). It has enhanced the quality of life, improving my health and increasing my happiness.
(2). This is an opportunity to enhance the reputation of the company by accdent.
(3). Music is an enhancement to the power of the words.
活学巧练：
(1). It is important for modern people to __________(enhance) their expertize.
(2). Many famous stars skilledly use make-up to __________ (enhance) their best features.
(3). The __________ (enhance) of the computer greatly improve the efficiency of work.
enhance
enhance
enhancement
2. In the last few weeks, I've thrown myself into home cooking，from boiling noodles in the pot to frying steak in the pan.
核心考点：
(1). throw oneself into 投身于，热衷于
(2).throw away扔掉；浪费掉 本领
(3). throw light on/upon sth.使……更易理解
(4). throw off匆匆脱掉 衣服 ；扔掉；摆脱
(5). throw out 抛出；开除
(6). throw up扬起；呕吐
佳句赏析：
(1). She threw herself into voluntary affairs.
(2). They threw themselves heart and soul into the project.
(3). She just threw on the first skirt she found.
活学巧练：
单句语法填空
(1)As the vegetables started coming in，Dad _______(throw) himself into cooking.
(2)The experts hope to find some evidence to _____(throw) light on the mysterious phenomenon.
(3)We need to repair our possessions，such as discs，VCDs and so on，instead of_________ (throw) them away.
(4)To make matters worse，the strange smell made me ______ (throw) up my dinner.
threw
throw
throwing
throw
2. As long as you are not afraid of heights，you will be impressed by Sky Buffet，the latest restaurant in the city centre.
核心考点：
(1)impress sth.on/upon sb.＝impress sb.with sth.使某人牢记某事
be impressed by/with...对……印象深刻
(2)impression n．印象；影响；印记；感想
leave/make a(n)...impression on/upon sb.给某人留下一个……的印象
(3)impressive adj.给人深刻印象的；感人的
佳句赏析：
(1)Our boss often impresses the importance of creativity on/upon us.
(2)She impressed the audience with the song Where Did the Time Go at the stage.
(3)A few characters are used to create a single impression growing out of the theme.
(4)His impressive performance on the stage yesterday left/made a deep impression on/upon his audience.
活学巧练：
单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级
(1)After hearing Steve’s playing，Naomi was deeply _________(impress) by his music.
(2)My first ________(impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.
(3)What_________ (impress) us most(令我们最吃惊的) is your painting technique，in which you have showed outstanding talent.
(4)I was__________ (impress) by the beautiful scenery and forgot to go back home in time.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
→____________________________，I forgot to go back home in time.
impressed
impression
impresses
impressed
Impressed by the beautiful scenery
4. If you want to get the most wonderful views, your best bet is to sit by the window an hour before sunset.
核心考点：
(1). bet sth. on/against sth. 下赌注于；用...打赌
(2). win/lose a bet 赢/输一场赌
(3). an even bet 平局
(4). bet one's bottom dollar on 对...孤注一掷
(5). I bet 敢说；一定
(6). you bet (口语) 当然；的确
佳句赏析：
(1). We have got a bet on who is going to arrive first.
(2). People were betting on a further easing of credit conditions.
(3).You bet your bottom dollar that he'll be late.
活学巧练：
(1). I ________(bet) you were good at games when you were at school.
(2). She lay her mother a ______(bet) that she would be admitted by a good university.
(3). Clothes were a safe_______(bet) as a parent for a teenager.
bet
bet
bet
5. The atmosphere is lively and modern, with its wall painted white and light blue.
核心考点：
(1). the upper atmosphere 高层大气
pollution of the atmosphere 大气污染
(2). a relaxed atmosphere 轻松的氛围
create a romatic atmosphere 创造一种浪漫的气氛
佳句赏析：
(1). Studnets will be encouraged to answer the questions in an relatively relaxed atmosphere.
(2). The atmosphere will become thinner and thinner when you climb high.
(3). The room is full of atmosphere with all the guests laughing and dancing.
活学巧练：
(1). A warming ocean and _________(atmosphere) along with melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate.
(2). A good resturant is the one that can provide a good _________ (atmosphere) for its consumers.
atmosphere
atmosphere
Step 3 Conclusion
Step 3 Conclusion
Step 4 Utilization
Step 4 Utilization
Located
to see
to turn
to sit
painted
ranging
to be
to invite
win/lose a bet; have/put a bet on sth
One’s bet is that ……
the/your best bet
a good/safe bet
bet…on/against sth
Two young men bet their tickets on the card game and to lost them to Jack Dawson.
I (will) bet!
You bet!
Q:What makes eating there enjoyable
Step 4 Utilization
Step 4 Utilization
To-infinitive as subjects 动词不定式作主语
1.动词不定式作主语,表示具体的、一次性或尚未做的动作。如：
动名词形式作主语，表示动作经常反复发生，而不是只针对某一次。
Smoking in the public is not good.
注
To cook Chinese food is not easy.
To speak English well isn't an easy job.
To talk with her is a great pleasure.
2.动词不定式短语作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，往往用it作形式主语，而把
不定式短语置于谓语动词之后。如：
① To speak English well isn't an easy job.
② To improve our teaching method is very important.
③ To talk with her is a great pleasure.
To master English is important.——It is important to master English.
Practice
——It isn’t an easy job to speak English.
——It is very important to improve our teaching method.
——It is a great pleasure to talk with her.
其常见句型有以下4种
① It＋is＋名词＋to do sth
It's our duty to take good care of the old.
② It takes/took will take sb＋some time/money＋to do sth
It will take us three hours to walk there.
③ It＋be＋形容词＋for/of sb＋to do sth
It’s very kind of you to tell us what happened yesterday.
It is important for children to tell right from wrong at an early age.
④ It seems (appears)＋形容词＋to do sth
It seemed impossible to finish the work on time.
01
● It +be +adj.+to do sth.
It is important to build trust between both.
It is important to finish writing in advance.
● It＋be＋adj.＋ of sb to do （此处形容词常为表示行为者的性格、品质等特点的词，如kind、foolish、 good、nice、selfish、generous等）
It is kind of you to give me so much help.
It is foolish of him to refuse the offer.
● It＋be＋adj.＋ for sb to do（此处形容词常为描述事物特征的形容词，如easy、 difficult、hard、 important impossible、 necessary等）
It would be difficult for Bob to find a good job.
It is necessary for us to buy an English dictionary.
● It＋be＋n.＋to do
It is our duty to protect the environment.
It is my honour to give a speech.
● It＋动词＋宾语＋不定式
It takes/took will take sb＋some time/money＋to do sth
It seems (appears)＋形容词＋to do sth
01
3. “特殊疑问词 + 不定式” 构成的不定式短语作主语时，且谓语动词常用单数。常见的特殊疑问词有：what , who , which , when , where , why , how 等。如：
Where to hold the meeting hasn’t been decided.
How to relieve the pain is a question.
To-infinitive as predicatives 动词不定式作表语
某些系动词，如be（是）、seem（看起来）、appear（看起来）、prove（证明）、turn out（结果）等，后面可以接不定式作表语。其中，除了be动词之外，seem、appear、prove、turn out后面的表语若是以“to be+...”的形式出现，通常可以省略to be。
有些系动词如sound（听起来）、smell（闻起来）、taste（尝起来）、feel（感觉）、become（成为）等，通常不可以接不定式作表语。
It smells to be delicious.
The cake tastes to be yummy.
注
He seems （to be ）busy.
The plan proves （to be） right.
The plan turns out （to be） right.
To-infinitives as objects
This company refused to cooperate with us.
A. 跟在一些动词后作宾语，如: afford, aim, promise, refuse, decide,manage, hope, expect等。
B. 当不定式（短语）在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平衡，常用it作形式宾语，常见动词有find, think, make, consider, feel, suppose等。
He makes it a rule never to borrow money.
We find it very important to learn English well.
To-infinitives as object complements
复合句
作宾补
A. 表示“指示, 愿望, 感觉”等的动词 (短语)后常用不定式作宾语补足语，如ask ，request ，invite ，force ，get ，beg ，wish ，want ，intend ，expect ，encourage ，advise，persuade ，instruct ，allow 等词。
What caused her to give up her studies
Below is a lifestyle magazine plete the article with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.
As long as you are not afraid of heights, you will be impressed by Sky Buffet, the latest restaurant in the city centre. (1)_________(locate) at the top of Tower 88, it gives you an amazing view of the bay. Better still, its entire seating area turns slowly and it is enjoyable (2)_________ (see) the scenery outside while having your meal.
Located
to see
B2
Since it takes about an hour (3)________(turn) the full 360 degrees, you are unlikely to get bored with the scenery. If you want to get the most wonderful views, your best bet is (4)_______ (sit) by the window an hour before sunset and watch how the sky changes colours. The atmosphere is lively and modern, with its walls (5) ________ (paint) white and light blue. Sky Buffet serves a menu full of eye-catching Asian dishes,
(6) ________ (range) from Chinese food to Japanese food. It will be a good idea (7)_________ (invite) your family and friends over for dinner. Sky Buffet is considered by many locals
(8)_______ (be) the perfect location for a special occasion.
painted
ranging
to invite
to be
to sit
to turn
What are the to-infinitives used as in each sentence of this article
As long as you are not afraid of heights, you will be impressed by Sky Buffet, the latest restaurant in the city centre. (1)_________(locate) at the top of Tower 88, it gives you an amazing view of the bay. Better still, its entire seating area turns slowly and it is enjoyable (2)_________ (see) the scenery outside while having your meal.
Located
to see
subject
Since it takes about an hour (3)________(turn) the full 360 degrees, you are unlikely to get bored with the scenery. If you want to get the most wonderful views, your best bet is (4)_______ (sit) by the window an hour before sunset and watch how the sky changes colours. The atmosphere is lively and modern, with its walls (5) ________ (paint) white and light blue. Sky Buffet serves a menu full of eye-catching Asian dishes,
(6) ________ (range) from Chinese food to Japanese food. It will be a good idea (7)_________ (invite) your family and friends over for dinner. Sky Buffet is considered by many locals
(8)_______ (be) the perfect location for a special occasion.
painted
ranging
to invite
to be
to sit
to turn
subject
subject
predicative
subject complement
根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1. It’s my great honour ________ ________ ________ (认识你).
2. I’m hungry, get me __________ ________ ________ (吃的东西), please.
3. The purpose of new technology is ________ ________ ________ ________ (使生活更加容易).
4. The news reporter hurried to the airport, only ________ ________ ________ (被告知) the film star had left.
life easier
to know you
something to eat
to make
to
be told
5. The teacher asked us ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (不要弄出这么大的噪音).
6. We are leaving at six o’clock, and hope ________ ___________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (午饭前到达那里).
7. They know her very well. They had ________ ________ ________ ________ (看着她长大) since childhood.
8. Though he often ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (把他的小妹妹弄哭), today he ________ ________ ________ ________ (被弄哭) by her.
made to cry
not to make
such loud noise
to
arrive/get there before lunch time
seen her
grow up
makes his little sister
cry
was
Practice
1.The flavour of hot pot is enough _______ (heat) up a cold winter evening.
2.The boy makes the meal in a perfect way _________(relax) himself.
3.This is the first time for me__________(eat)Beijing Duck.
4.They had nothing __________(worry).
5.Practice is the only way___________(cook)delicious food.
6.They hurried to the store,______________(tell) the food has been sold.
to heat
to relax
only to be told
to eat
to worry
to cook
Practice 1
被邀请到你家做客真的是太荣幸了。
.
在家做饭准备环节需要花很长时间。
.
It is a great honour to be invited to your family.
It takes a long time to prepare for home-cooked meals.
你为我们做了这么多美味的菜真的是太好了。
It is nice of you to make so many tasty dishes for us.
在当今社会，我们学会做饭还是很有用的。
It is useful for us to learn how to cook.
Rewrite the following sentences, using to-infinitives.
The next dish to be prepared by the cook is ...
To prepare home-cooked meals is ...
Her dream is to open a restaurant some day.
...in the pot first (in order) to cook them quickly.
I consider the Soup of the Day to be the best ...
Practice 3
单句语法填空
1. (learn) is to be better life.
2. It was kind of you (give) me a helping hand.
3. (climb) up the mountain is easy while to go down the hills is hard.
4. Above all, I have come to understand that
(bring) happiness to others is getting ourselves happiness.
5. It took years of work (reduce) the individual pollution and clean the water.
To learn
to give
To climb
bringing
to reduce
6. (complte) the task needs time.
7. It is easy me to learn how to drive.
8. It is very kind the young man to say so.
9. Don’t waste time. It’s no good (try) to persuade him.
10. (know) basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
11. His ambition is (become) an actor.
12. Officials believe that more than one person may be (blame) for the fire.
To complete
of
for
trying
Knowing
to become
to blame
13. The poor girl appeared so (frighten). She must have seen something
(frighten) on her way home.
14. Please remain (seat) until the plane has come to a cpmplete stop.
15. The manager was (delight) to see so many new products developed after great effort.
16. As you can imagine, if your skin gets
(burn), it can be very serious.
frightened
frightening
seated
delighted
burned/buent
17. It was (surprise) that Tom had chosen her as his partner at the party.
18. The way you raised yesterday to solve the problem proved (be) better.
19. It remains (see) whether Jim is fit enough to play in the final.
20. My deskmate showed no anxiety in face of the competition; she seemed (prepare) for it pretty well.
surprising
to be
to be seen
to have prepared