book2 The infinitive of purpose grammar
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| 名称 | book2 The infinitive of purpose grammar |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 16.8KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2014-12-17 08:39:47 | ||
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文档简介
外研版 Book 2
Module 2 No Drugs
Grammar
重点语法讲与练：
Grammar I: The infinitive of purpose 不定式结构作目的状语
不定式结构可以作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。
表示目的：
They ran over to welcome the delegates.
He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly.
He went home to see his mother.
注①：不定式结构表示目的时，通常句子的主语就是它的逻辑主语(参见以上三句)，但也有例外的情况，例如：
I stopped for him to speak to me.
He opened the door for the children to come in.
He brought a porter to carry the boxes / bags.
They sent a man to mend the window.
He stood up to be seen better.
注②：为了强调表示目的的不定式结构，特别是在不定式结构前有否定词 not 时，通常可以在不定式符号 to 之前加上 in order 或 so as，如：
He came here in order to see Charlie.
He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.
He went early in order not to miss the train.
I turned the radio down so as not to disturb him.
注③：表示目的的不定式可以置于句首，这也是区别于其他功能的标志之一。但是，置于句首表示目的的不定式之前可以加上in order，但却不可以加上so as ，如：
Grammar II: 结果状语从句
常见的引导词有：so…that, such…that.
1. He ran so fast that we couldn’t keep up with him.
2. She is such a nice teacher that all of us love her.
3. The chef cooked such nice food that we ate up at the end of the dinner.
4.The chef cooked so nice food that we ate up at the end of the dinner.
5. These were so many books that we kept reading until the end of the class.
结果状语从句常由so… that 或 such…that引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。
比较：so和 such
其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。
体会一下：
Jenny is such a pretty girl that we all love her.
因此：
1) such+adj.+名词 +that clause
2) so +adj./adv. +that clause
3) so + many/few + 复数名词 +that clause
much/little+不可数名词
4) such + a + adj. +名词 +that clause = so + adj. + a +名词 +that clause
注意： so that可以引导结果状语从句，也可以引导目的状语从句，在引导目的状语从句时
表示"以便；为了"，从句中常使用can /could /may /might /will /would /should等情态动词或助动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用can和may等词，在so that前可以用逗号，意思是"因此;所以"。
巩固练习：
I.单项选择：
1.----Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day
---- ________ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.(1999 Shanghai)
A. Eat B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting
2.---- Does your brother intend to study German
--- Yes, he intends ________.(1998 Shanghai)
A. - B. to C. so D. that
3.She pretended ________ me when I passed by.
A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen
4.We agreed ________ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have meet
5.---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh, I forgot ________.
A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
6.________ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.
A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept
7. It is ______ day that we all like to go for an outing.
A. such fine a B. so fine a C. too fine a D. as fine a
8. Tom kept quiet about the accident ______ lose his job.
A. so as not B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to
9. I sat near the teacher ______ hear him clearly.
A. in order that I can B. in order to C. so that D. so that I can
10. There were ______ that I couldn’t get a ticket for the concert.
A. such many people B. so many people
C. so many peoples D. such many peoples
11. In order ______ well, this exercise must be taught again and again.
A. to do B. doing it C. to be done D. to do it
12. You will have to get three “A”s ______ be chosen as an assistant of the professor.
A. in order to B. in order that C. as to D. so that
13. Juarez is an honest man, I say it, ______ I have opposed him.
A. as if B. so that C. even though D. while
14. This text is ______ that I can hardly understand it.
A. such difficult B. so difficult C. such difficulty D. so easy
15. This book is written in ______ easy English ______ beginners can understand it.
A. such, that B. so, that C. such , as D. too, that
16. Jack is ______ smart a boy ______ he can work out difficult maths problems quickly.
A. so, that B. such, that C. such, as D. so , as
II.翻译练习：
1. 他努力工作， 为的是要成功。
2. 我们坐下来吃饭。
3. 我太累了， 一步也不能走了。
4. 书店有如此多的书以至于我无法决定买哪一本。
5. 汤姆很诚实从不说谎。
III.阅读理解
A
American doctors say that mothers who smoke cigarettes before their babies are born may slow the growth of their babies' lungs. They say reduced lung growth could cause tile babies to suffer breathing problems and lung disease later in life.Doctors in Boston，Massachusetts studied 1,100 children.The mothers of some of the children smoked, the other mothers did not. Doctors found that the lungs of the children whose mothers smoked were 8% less developed than the lungs of the children whose mothers did not smoke，and that the children whose mothers smoked developed 20% more cold and breathing diseases than other children later in life.
Another recent study found that children had a greater chance of developing lung cancer if their mothers smoked.The study also showed that the danger of lung cancer increased only for sons and not for daughters，and that the father's smoking did not affect a child's chance of developing lung cancer.
1．Mother who smokes before her child is born may________.
A．slow the growth of her baby's lung
B．cause her baby to suffer breathing problems and lung disease later in life
C．make her child develop lung cancer
D．all of above are right
2．Doctors in Boston studied 1,100 children to________.
A．examine whether these children were healthy
B．find out whether their mothers had smoked
C．find why these children suffered breathing problems and lung disease
D．look into the effect that mother's smoking had on their children
3．Suppose John's father was a heavy smoker, so was Mary's mother. According to this passage，________.
A．John is more likely to develop lung cancer
B．Mary is more likely to develop lung cancer
C．John and Mary have the same chance to develop cancer
D．neither John nor Mary has the chance to develop cancer
4．This passage is to________.
A．warn us of the danger of smoking before children
B．warn people with breathing problems not to smoke
C．warn us that mothers who smoke may affect their children's health
D．warn us that fathers who smoke may affect their children as mothers
B
America is a mobile society.Friendships between Americans can be close and real, yet disappear soon if situations change.Neither side feels hurt by this.Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while－then no more.If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship.This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending sometimes deeply into both families.
Americans are ready to receive us foreigners at their homes, share their holidays, and their home life.They will enjoy welcoming us and be pleased if we accept their hospitality (好客) easily.
Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday lives, they don't show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time.This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country where we may be generous_with_our_time.Sometimes，we，as hosts，will appear at airports even in the middle of the night to meet a friend.We may take days off to act as guides to our foreign friends.The Americans，however，express their welcome usually at homes, but truly can not manage the time to do a great deal with a visitor outside their daily routine.They will probably expect us to get ourselves from the airport to our own hotel by bus.And they expect that we will phone them from there.Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real.We will find ourselves treated hospitably.
For the Americans, it is often considered more friendly to invite a friend to their homes than to go to restaurants, except for purely business matters.So accept their hospitality at home!
5．The writer of this passage must be ________.
A．a Chinese B．an American
C．a professor D．a student
6．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A．Friendships between Americans usually extend deeply into their families.
B．Americans will continue their friendships again even after a long break.
C．Americans always show their warmth even if they are very busy.
D．Friendships between Americans usually last for all their lives.
7．From the last two paragraphs we can learn that when we arrive in America to visit an American friend，we will probably be ________.
A．warmly welcomed at the airport
B．treated hospitably at his home
C．offered a ride to his home
D．treated to dinner in a restaurant
8．The underlined words“generous with our time”in paragraph 3 probably mean ________.
A．strict with time B．serious with time
C．willing to spend time D．careful with time
9．A suitable title for this passage would probably be“________”．
A．Friendships between Chinese
B．Friendships between Americans
C．Americans' and Chinese's views of friendships
D．Americans' hospitality
IV..短文改错:
This term I'm very busy with a heavy load of lesson.Sometimes my maths homework took up too much time that I could only spend a few time on English words.One day，my English teacher gave us a test，and I was complete puzzled.I suddenly had an idea: look up for the new words on the Internet on my mobile phone.Went through the words quickly，I was secretly delighted with my little game while someone tapped me on the shoulder.It was my English teacher! She was staring at me！I knew that it was the kind silent warning.She felt ashamed and was determined never cheat in the exam again!
V..书面表达:
就“吸烟是否有害”这个主题发表你的看法，写一篇120词左右的文章，至少包含以下内容要点：
1．一些人认为吸烟有好处，如：能让自己放松；带给自己灵感；是潇洒和成熟的标志；
2．一些人认为吸烟有害健康，如：对自己身体有害；使别人吸二手烟，对他们的身体也有害；污染环境；
3．你的看法和理由。
参考词汇：灵感：inspiration；潇洒：smartness；成熟：maturity；二手烟：second hand smoke
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Keys: I.单项选择：
1—5 CBACC 6—10 ABBBB 11--15CABAA 16 A
II.翻译练习：
1. He worked hard in order to succeed.
2. We sat down to (in order to/ so as to)have dinner.
3. I was so tired that I couldn’t walk any further.
4. There are so many books in the bookstore that I can’t dicide which one to buy.
5. Tom is so honest a boy that he never tells a lie. ( Tom is such an honest boy that he never tells a lie.)
III.阅读理解
1．D 推理判断题。根据文章第1段第一、二句及第2段第1句可推知此题答案为D。
2．D 推理判断题。根据文章第1段中介绍Doctors in Boston的实验结果，可推知此题答案为D。
3．B 推理判断题。文章第2段说：最近另一项研究发现，如果母亲吸烟，那么孩子得肺癌的可能性会增大。研究还表明：儿子得肺癌的危险性增加，而女儿没有；父亲吸烟对小孩得肺癌的可能性无影响。从而可推知此题答案为B。
4．C 主旨大意题。根据文章第一句、最后一句及全文内容可推知此题答案为C。
5．A 推理判断题。文中几次出现“for us Chinese”可推知作者是中国人。
6．B 细节理解题。由第一段中“If the same two people meet again by chance，even years later，they pick up the friendship”可知B项正确。A、C、D三项都与文中内容不符。
7．B 推理判断题。由倒数第二段最后和倒数第一段都可推知B项正确。
8．C 词义理解题。由第三段中“sometimes，we，as hosts，will appear at airports even...，we may take days off...”可知我们“愿意花时间干……”。
9．C 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍中国人之间和美国人之间友谊的不同之处，C项符合主旨。
IV..短文改错:
第一句：lesson→lessons；第二句：too much time→so much time，few→little；第三句：complete→completely；第四句：look up for删掉for；第五句：Went→Going，while→when；第八句：the kind silent→a kind silent；第九句：She→I，never后加to
V..书面表达:
【参考范文】
The opinions on smoking vary from person to person.Some people are in favor of smoking.They see smoking as an effective way to relax themselves.They also think that inspiration will come at once when they are smoking.Moreover，they even consider it a symbol of intelligence and maturity.Meanwhile，others argue that smoking brings nothing but harm.They think that smoking is harmful to the health of smokers as well as those who are forced to be second hand smokers.What's worse，smoking pollutes the environment.
As far as I am concerned，I'm firmly against smoking because not only is smoking bad for our body，but also it is a waste of money.
In a word，it's time for us to stop smoking.
Module 2 No Drugs
Grammar
重点语法讲与练：
Grammar I: The infinitive of purpose 不定式结构作目的状语
不定式结构可以作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。
表示目的：
They ran over to welcome the delegates.
He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly.
He went home to see his mother.
注①：不定式结构表示目的时，通常句子的主语就是它的逻辑主语(参见以上三句)，但也有例外的情况，例如：
I stopped for him to speak to me.
He opened the door for the children to come in.
He brought a porter to carry the boxes / bags.
They sent a man to mend the window.
He stood up to be seen better.
注②：为了强调表示目的的不定式结构，特别是在不定式结构前有否定词 not 时，通常可以在不定式符号 to 之前加上 in order 或 so as，如：
He came here in order to see Charlie.
He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.
He went early in order not to miss the train.
I turned the radio down so as not to disturb him.
注③：表示目的的不定式可以置于句首，这也是区别于其他功能的标志之一。但是，置于句首表示目的的不定式之前可以加上in order，但却不可以加上so as ，如：
Grammar II: 结果状语从句
常见的引导词有：so…that, such…that.
1. He ran so fast that we couldn’t keep up with him.
2. She is such a nice teacher that all of us love her.
3. The chef cooked such nice food that we ate up at the end of the dinner.
4.The chef cooked so nice food that we ate up at the end of the dinner.
5. These were so many books that we kept reading until the end of the class.
结果状语从句常由so… that 或 such…that引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。
比较：so和 such
其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。
体会一下：
Jenny is such a pretty girl that we all love her.
因此：
1) such+adj.+名词 +that clause
2) so +adj./adv. +that clause
3) so + many/few + 复数名词 +that clause
much/little+不可数名词
4) such + a + adj. +名词 +that clause = so + adj. + a +名词 +that clause
注意： so that可以引导结果状语从句，也可以引导目的状语从句，在引导目的状语从句时
表示"以便；为了"，从句中常使用can /could /may /might /will /would /should等情态动词或助动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用can和may等词，在so that前可以用逗号，意思是"因此;所以"。
巩固练习：
I.单项选择：
1.----Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day
---- ________ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.(1999 Shanghai)
A. Eat B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting
2.---- Does your brother intend to study German
--- Yes, he intends ________.(1998 Shanghai)
A. - B. to C. so D. that
3.She pretended ________ me when I passed by.
A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen
4.We agreed ________ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have meet
5.---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh, I forgot ________.
A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
6.________ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.
A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept
7. It is ______ day that we all like to go for an outing.
A. such fine a B. so fine a C. too fine a D. as fine a
8. Tom kept quiet about the accident ______ lose his job.
A. so as not B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to
9. I sat near the teacher ______ hear him clearly.
A. in order that I can B. in order to C. so that D. so that I can
10. There were ______ that I couldn’t get a ticket for the concert.
A. such many people B. so many people
C. so many peoples D. such many peoples
11. In order ______ well, this exercise must be taught again and again.
A. to do B. doing it C. to be done D. to do it
12. You will have to get three “A”s ______ be chosen as an assistant of the professor.
A. in order to B. in order that C. as to D. so that
13. Juarez is an honest man, I say it, ______ I have opposed him.
A. as if B. so that C. even though D. while
14. This text is ______ that I can hardly understand it.
A. such difficult B. so difficult C. such difficulty D. so easy
15. This book is written in ______ easy English ______ beginners can understand it.
A. such, that B. so, that C. such , as D. too, that
16. Jack is ______ smart a boy ______ he can work out difficult maths problems quickly.
A. so, that B. such, that C. such, as D. so , as
II.翻译练习：
1. 他努力工作， 为的是要成功。
2. 我们坐下来吃饭。
3. 我太累了， 一步也不能走了。
4. 书店有如此多的书以至于我无法决定买哪一本。
5. 汤姆很诚实从不说谎。
III.阅读理解
A
American doctors say that mothers who smoke cigarettes before their babies are born may slow the growth of their babies' lungs. They say reduced lung growth could cause tile babies to suffer breathing problems and lung disease later in life.Doctors in Boston，Massachusetts studied 1,100 children.The mothers of some of the children smoked, the other mothers did not. Doctors found that the lungs of the children whose mothers smoked were 8% less developed than the lungs of the children whose mothers did not smoke，and that the children whose mothers smoked developed 20% more cold and breathing diseases than other children later in life.
Another recent study found that children had a greater chance of developing lung cancer if their mothers smoked.The study also showed that the danger of lung cancer increased only for sons and not for daughters，and that the father's smoking did not affect a child's chance of developing lung cancer.
1．Mother who smokes before her child is born may________.
A．slow the growth of her baby's lung
B．cause her baby to suffer breathing problems and lung disease later in life
C．make her child develop lung cancer
D．all of above are right
2．Doctors in Boston studied 1,100 children to________.
A．examine whether these children were healthy
B．find out whether their mothers had smoked
C．find why these children suffered breathing problems and lung disease
D．look into the effect that mother's smoking had on their children
3．Suppose John's father was a heavy smoker, so was Mary's mother. According to this passage，________.
A．John is more likely to develop lung cancer
B．Mary is more likely to develop lung cancer
C．John and Mary have the same chance to develop cancer
D．neither John nor Mary has the chance to develop cancer
4．This passage is to________.
A．warn us of the danger of smoking before children
B．warn people with breathing problems not to smoke
C．warn us that mothers who smoke may affect their children's health
D．warn us that fathers who smoke may affect their children as mothers
B
America is a mobile society.Friendships between Americans can be close and real, yet disappear soon if situations change.Neither side feels hurt by this.Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while－then no more.If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship.This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending sometimes deeply into both families.
Americans are ready to receive us foreigners at their homes, share their holidays, and their home life.They will enjoy welcoming us and be pleased if we accept their hospitality (好客) easily.
Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday lives, they don't show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time.This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country where we may be generous_with_our_time.Sometimes，we，as hosts，will appear at airports even in the middle of the night to meet a friend.We may take days off to act as guides to our foreign friends.The Americans，however，express their welcome usually at homes, but truly can not manage the time to do a great deal with a visitor outside their daily routine.They will probably expect us to get ourselves from the airport to our own hotel by bus.And they expect that we will phone them from there.Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real.We will find ourselves treated hospitably.
For the Americans, it is often considered more friendly to invite a friend to their homes than to go to restaurants, except for purely business matters.So accept their hospitality at home!
5．The writer of this passage must be ________.
A．a Chinese B．an American
C．a professor D．a student
6．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A．Friendships between Americans usually extend deeply into their families.
B．Americans will continue their friendships again even after a long break.
C．Americans always show their warmth even if they are very busy.
D．Friendships between Americans usually last for all their lives.
7．From the last two paragraphs we can learn that when we arrive in America to visit an American friend，we will probably be ________.
A．warmly welcomed at the airport
B．treated hospitably at his home
C．offered a ride to his home
D．treated to dinner in a restaurant
8．The underlined words“generous with our time”in paragraph 3 probably mean ________.
A．strict with time B．serious with time
C．willing to spend time D．careful with time
9．A suitable title for this passage would probably be“________”．
A．Friendships between Chinese
B．Friendships between Americans
C．Americans' and Chinese's views of friendships
D．Americans' hospitality
IV..短文改错:
This term I'm very busy with a heavy load of lesson.Sometimes my maths homework took up too much time that I could only spend a few time on English words.One day，my English teacher gave us a test，and I was complete puzzled.I suddenly had an idea: look up for the new words on the Internet on my mobile phone.Went through the words quickly，I was secretly delighted with my little game while someone tapped me on the shoulder.It was my English teacher! She was staring at me！I knew that it was the kind silent warning.She felt ashamed and was determined never cheat in the exam again!
V..书面表达:
就“吸烟是否有害”这个主题发表你的看法，写一篇120词左右的文章，至少包含以下内容要点：
1．一些人认为吸烟有好处，如：能让自己放松；带给自己灵感；是潇洒和成熟的标志；
2．一些人认为吸烟有害健康，如：对自己身体有害；使别人吸二手烟，对他们的身体也有害；污染环境；
3．你的看法和理由。
参考词汇：灵感：inspiration；潇洒：smartness；成熟：maturity；二手烟：second hand smoke
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Keys: I.单项选择：
1—5 CBACC 6—10 ABBBB 11--15CABAA 16 A
II.翻译练习：
1. He worked hard in order to succeed.
2. We sat down to (in order to/ so as to)have dinner.
3. I was so tired that I couldn’t walk any further.
4. There are so many books in the bookstore that I can’t dicide which one to buy.
5. Tom is so honest a boy that he never tells a lie. ( Tom is such an honest boy that he never tells a lie.)
III.阅读理解
1．D 推理判断题。根据文章第1段第一、二句及第2段第1句可推知此题答案为D。
2．D 推理判断题。根据文章第1段中介绍Doctors in Boston的实验结果，可推知此题答案为D。
3．B 推理判断题。文章第2段说：最近另一项研究发现，如果母亲吸烟，那么孩子得肺癌的可能性会增大。研究还表明：儿子得肺癌的危险性增加，而女儿没有；父亲吸烟对小孩得肺癌的可能性无影响。从而可推知此题答案为B。
4．C 主旨大意题。根据文章第一句、最后一句及全文内容可推知此题答案为C。
5．A 推理判断题。文中几次出现“for us Chinese”可推知作者是中国人。
6．B 细节理解题。由第一段中“If the same two people meet again by chance，even years later，they pick up the friendship”可知B项正确。A、C、D三项都与文中内容不符。
7．B 推理判断题。由倒数第二段最后和倒数第一段都可推知B项正确。
8．C 词义理解题。由第三段中“sometimes，we，as hosts，will appear at airports even...，we may take days off...”可知我们“愿意花时间干……”。
9．C 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍中国人之间和美国人之间友谊的不同之处，C项符合主旨。
IV..短文改错:
第一句：lesson→lessons；第二句：too much time→so much time，few→little；第三句：complete→completely；第四句：look up for删掉for；第五句：Went→Going，while→when；第八句：the kind silent→a kind silent；第九句：She→I，never后加to
V..书面表达:
【参考范文】
The opinions on smoking vary from person to person.Some people are in favor of smoking.They see smoking as an effective way to relax themselves.They also think that inspiration will come at once when they are smoking.Moreover，they even consider it a symbol of intelligence and maturity.Meanwhile，others argue that smoking brings nothing but harm.They think that smoking is harmful to the health of smokers as well as those who are forced to be second hand smokers.What's worse，smoking pollutes the environment.
As far as I am concerned，I'm firmly against smoking because not only is smoking bad for our body，but also it is a waste of money.
In a word，it's time for us to stop smoking.