人教版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists Discover useful structures 课件(共30张PPT)

(共30张PPT)
Revision
Q1. In Para.2, what were the two contradictory theories doctors had in those days
Q2. In Para.3, why did the women and her daughter die of cholera after moving away from Broad Street
Q3. What was “the truth” mentioned in Para.4
Q1. In Para.2, what were the contradictory theories doctors had in those days
Q2. In Para.3, why did the woman and her daughter die of cholera after moving away from Broad Street
Q3. What was “the truth” mentioned in Para.4
One theory was that bad air caused the disease. Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food and water.
It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
The truth was that water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.
Revision
1. One theory was that bad air caused the disease.
2. Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food
and water.
3. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she
had it delivered to her house every day.
4. The truth was that water from the Broad Street pump had been infected
by waste.
Explore: Observe and find —
Subject
Subject
Subject
Subject
Linking verb
Linking verb
Linking verb
Linking verb
Predictive clause(表语从句）
Predictive clause(表语从句）
Predictive clause(表语从句）
Predictive clause(表语从句）
PC
that, whether, how,where, what, as if...
The basic form of Predicative Clause:
Subject+Linking verbs+[subordinating conjunction+other elements]
be,seem,appear,look,sound...
What is the sentence structure
that, whether, how,where, what...
Predicative Clauses are often used:
1. to directly explain or emphasize what the Subject is in greater detail.
2. function as a Complement (补语) to the Subject.
Unit 1 Science and Scientists
Linking-v系动词
Contents
1
Subordinating conjunction引导词
2
3
Practice and Apply练习与运用
4
Attention注意事项
系动词的分类
1.感官类系动词（sound,look,taste,smell,feel)
2.变化类系动词(get,fall,grow,turn,go,become…)
be动词
3.状态系动词
保持类系动词（keep,remain,stay）
似乎类系动词（ seem, appear ）
证明类系动词（prove, turn out)
系动词后的成分为表语。
系动词后的从句为表语从句。
（am, is, are, was, were)，意为“是”
1 Linking-v系动词
证明是......
结果是......
2 Subordinating conjunction引导词
1. One theory was ______ bad air caused the disease.
2. What people really doubt is __________ the doctor will defeat the serious illness.
3. It seemed _______ the world were coming to an end.
4. This applied science, which saves work and makes life easier, brings us little happiness. That is ________ we have not yet learn to make sensible use of it.
that
（在从句中不充当成分）
whether
（在从句中不充当成分, 意为“是否”, 表语从句中不能使用“if”）
as if
（在从句中不充当成分, 意为“好像”）
表语从句中SVO成分完整
表语从句中SVO成分完整
表语从句中SVO成分完整
because
（在从句中不充当成分, 意为“因为”）
表语从句中SP成分完整
1）连词：在从句中不充当成分
as if / as though 意为“_________________”引导的表语从句常置于系动词look, seem, sound,be,become 等后面。
that ____ 意义，在表语从句中 ______ 成分,起______ 作用，________ 省略。
无
不充当
连接
不能
连接词whether起 _____ 作用，意为“_________________”，在句中也不作任何成分（注意：if ______引导表语从句)。
连接
是否、究竟、到底
不能
似乎，好像
because意为“______” 引导表语从句强调原因，注意与why的区别。
因为
5. Understanding science and pushing the boundaries of science is ______ makes me immensely satisfied.
6. That is _______ many experts are worrying about.
7. There are dozens of books about Zoology in library. However, what really makes him confused is _______ is the most suitable one for his research paper.
what
（在从句中充当主语，
意为“...的事情”）
which
（在从句中充当主语, 意为“哪一（本）...”）
2）连接代词：在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语
表语从句中缺少主语
what
（在从句中充当宾语，意为“...的事情”）
表语从句中缺少宾语
表语从句中缺少主语
8. The problem is __________ could find out a cure for the disease.
9. What I have not decided is ________ I am going to visit.
10. Both my parents have given me some advice on how to save money. But the question is ______ advice I should take.
whose
（在从句中充当定语，意为“谁的...”）
表语从句中缺少定语
表语从句中缺少主语
whom
（在从句中充当宾语, 意为“谁”）
表语从句中缺少宾语
who
（在从句中充当主语, 意为“谁”）
2）连接代词：在从句中充当成分主语、宾语、表语、定语
连接代词 what, which, who, whom, whose 除在句子中起 ______ 作用外，还可在从句中作 _____、_____、_____ 或 ______，且各有词义。
连接
主语
表语
定语
宾语
2　选词填空(what/that)
①My hometown is no longer _____it used to be.
②This is _____I should have done first of all.
③What surprised me most was _____the thin girl should have won three gold medals.
④All I know is _____I read in the papers.
⑤The amazing thing about the spring is _____the colder the temperature gets, the hotter the spring!
what
what
that
what
that
11. What John Snow showed to the world was ______ cholera could be overcome.
12. The exact places Snow marked on the map were _______ all those who died had lived.
13. What Snow was determined to find out was ________ more than 500 people died in ten days.
14. The next major explosion is going to be ________ genetics and computers come together.
how
where
when
表语从句中SVA成分完整, 缺少原因状语：“为什么...”
3）连接副词：在从句中充当方式、地点、原因、时间状语
表语从句中SV成分完整，缺少方式状语：“如何”
表语从句中SV成分完整, 缺少时间状语：“...的时候”
why
表语从句中SV成分完整，缺少地点状语：“...的地方”
连接副词where, when, why, how除在句中起______ 作用外，在从句中还充当_______、______、______或______状语，本身具有词义。
连接
时间
地点
方式
原因
1　选词填空(why/how/where)
①This is ______ Mary met her husband for the first time.
②This is ____ we put off the meeting.
③This is ____ we've dealt with the economic crisis.
where
why
how
1. The reason why he is late for school is ________ he missed the bus.
2. Why we decided to put off the football match is ________ the weather was too bad.
3 Attention1: 引导词that, because, why的区别
当主句的主语是 _____________ 或 why 引导的 __________时常用 ______ 来引导表语从句，而不用 because。
the reason
主语从句
that
that
that
1. I think that’s _____ he was so angry.
2. I think it is ________ you are doing too much.
3. The reason ______ he was so late is _____ it was raining hard.
why
because
why
that
that / this / it + is / was +why + ________ (原因 / 结果)
表示“_________________________”
that / this / it + is / was + because + _______ (原因 / 结果)
表示“________________________”
the reason why … is that … 中 why 是引导 _________，that 引导的是 _________，表示“___________________”。
这 / 那就是……的原因
原因
这 / 那就是因为……
结果
定语从句
表语从句
……的原因是……
3　补全句子
①David was injured in the training._____________he didn't take part in the Olympic Games.
大卫在训练中受伤了，那就是他没有参加奥运会的原因。
②He did not see the film last night._________________he had to help his little sister with her homework.
昨天晚上他没去看电影。那是因为他得帮他的妹妹做作业。
③The reason ____ he was absent from the meeting ____________________．
他缺席会议的原因是他病了。
That was why
That was because
why
was that he was ill
3 Attention2: 表语从句中的虚拟语气
My proposal is that we (should) start early tomorrow.
My advice is that we (should) get there by train.
My suggestion is that we (should) go and help him.
1)主语是表示___________________等的名词时，表语从句中谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，should可省略
建议、命令、要求
Dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if it’s going to rain.
It sounded as if the night would never end.
2)as if/as though 引导的表语从句
语气： 若表示真实情况，用陈述语气。
若表示非真实情况，用虚拟语气。
若跟现在事实不符：过去式（be动词用were）
若跟过去事实不符：had done
若跟将来事实不符：would/could+动词原形
4　单句语法填空
①I felt as if my head _____ (be) splitting.
②It looks as if she ___ (be) really ill.
were
is
Summary：
1. 表语从句的结构:
主语+系动词+引导词 + 简单句
2. 引导词
从属连词: that, whether, as, as if/though, because
连接代词: who, what, which, whom, whose, ...+ever
连接副词: when, where, how, why
3. 注意点:
3）if 不引导表语从句。
4）表语从句的虚拟语气。
1）语序:连主谓。
2）主语为reason时，引导词用that
表语从句
EXAMPLE
What was it that John Snow showed to the world
What John Snow showed to the world was how cholera could be overcome.
1. What was Snow’s discovery in two particular streets in London
Snow’s discovery in two particular streets in London was that ______________________
_________________________________________________.
2.What was Snow determined to find out during the 1854 outbreak of cholera in London
What Snow was determined to find out was why __________________________________
___________________________.
3.What were the exact places Snow marked on the map
The exact places Snow marked on the map were where __________________________.
4.What was the finding that Snow announced
Snow’s finding was that __________________________________.
P5 EX.2 Complete the following questions by using predicative clauses and figure out what meanings and functions they communicate.
the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days
the cholera outbreak had caused more than 500 people died in ten days
all those who died had lived
the pump water carried cholera germs
4 Practice and Apply练习与运用
A: Absolutely! You may not believe it, but that was__________happened at the initial (初始的) stage of our group's research on developing a vaccine for malaria.
B:Yes, it is. And it seemed ___________ all the theories were useful, but the fact was ______ we couldn't persuade one another that one theory was better than another.
C:Exactly! The problem was not about ___________ all our theories were equally good, but in deciding __________________ theory to depend upon.
D:We realized that what we cared about was not ___________ aspect we needed to develop a theory in, but rather ________ we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect!
E: You're right. At last, we became focused on the key issue, which was _________we had to carry out the research in the first place.
as if that what who when how why whose which whether
what
as if
that
whether
which/what
what/which
how
why
P5 EX.3: David is talking to Maria about their scientific research project. First complete David's lines (A-E, using the words in the box. Then put David's lines in the correct order and practice the conversation.
Then put David's lines in the correct order.
A: Absolutely! You may not believe it, but that was what happened at the initial (初始的) stage of our group's research on developing a vaccine for malaria.
B:Yes, it is. And it seemed as if all the theories were useful, but the fact was that we couldn't persuade one another that one theory was better than another.
C:Exactly! The problem was not about whether all our theories were equally good, but in deciding what/which theory to depend upon.
D:We realized that what we cared about was not what/which aspect we needed to develop a theory in, but rather how we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect!
E: You're right. At last, we became focused on the key issue, which was why we had to carry out the research in the first place.
Maria: This mix of theory and data is one of the key characteristics of what we call science.
David: __________________
Maria: With your theoretical framework
David: __________________
Maria: Deciding on a theory is definitely of critical importance.
David:_________________
Maria: This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some solid work.
David:_________________
Maria: So what happened in the end
David:__________________
A：“initial stage” (logical connector)
C：“deciding what theory to depend
upon”-“Deciding on a theory”(lexical connectors)
B：“couldn't persuade one another”-
“this”(grammatical connector)
E：“At last”-“in the end”
(logical connectors)
D：a possible answer to the Wh-question(grammatical connector)
思考：
1.对话语篇有哪些衔接手段？
2.如何选择，才能使对话进行下去？
衔接手段：
logical connector逻辑纽带
grammatical connector语法
lexical connector词汇
Complete the following ideas by famous scientists with a word or expression that introduces a predicative clause and translate them in your own words.
Research is _________ I’m doing when I don’t know what I’m
doing. (Werner von Braun)
what
as though because that what whoever why
P62 Workbook EX.1
研究就是当我不知道自己在做什么的时候我在做的事。
——布劳恩（徳裔美籍火箭科学家）
Practice and Apply
2. The saddest aspect of life right now is _______ science gathers
knowledge faster than society gathers wisdom. (Isaac Asimov)
that
as though because that what whoever why
Practice and Apply
当下生活最可悲的一面就是科学积累知识的速度超过了社会积累智慧的速度。——艾萨克·阿西莫夫
（美国科幻小说作家、化学家）
3. An expert can be _________ has made all the mistakes that can
be made in a very narrow field. (Niles Bohr)
whoever
as though because that what whoever why
Practice and Apply
专家可能是在一个非常狭窄的领域里犯了所有可能犯的错误的人。
——尼耳斯·玻尔 （丹麦物理学家）
4. When different experiments give you the same result, it is no longer subject to your opinion. That’s the good thing about science: It is true whether or not you believe in it. That’s _________ it works. (Neil deGrasse Tyson)
why
as though because that what whoever why
Practice and Apply
当不同的实验呈现出相同的结果时，它就不再受制于你的意见。这就是科学的好处: 不管你信不信它都是真的。这就是科学工作的原理。
——奈尔·德葛拉司·泰森 （美国天文学家）
5. This applied science, which saves work and makes life easier, brings us little happiness. That is _________ we have not yet learnt to make sensible use of it! (Albert Einstein)
because
as though because that what whoever why
Practice and Apply
这种节约工作量，使生活更容易的应用科学，给我们带来的快乐很少。那是因为我们还没有学会合理地利用它!
—— 爱因斯坦
6. There are only two ways to live your life. One is ____________ nothing is a miracle. The other is ____________ everything is a miracle. (Albert Einstein)
as though
as though
as though because that what whoever why
Practice and Apply
你的生活只有两种方式。一种是好像什么都不是奇迹。另一种是好像一切都是奇迹。
—— 爱因斯坦
1. A: Papermaking, printing, gunpowder, and the compass are the four great inventions of ancient China. They are significant contributions of the Chinese nation to the world.
B: Sure, they are. What I want to know though is______________________
_____________________________________________________________
2. A: The ancient Chinese were the first to invent paper and printing. Then they went on to invent books and had opened bookshops in many cities.
B: What I am curious about is ___________________________________
_________________________________________________
which one is the greatest
Complete the conversations using noun clause as the predicative.
/how these inventions have changed China and the world.
who invented paper/when ink was invented.
/when and how printing spread to the rest of the world.
invention.
P62 Workbook EX.2
3. A: The compass is a special invention of ancient China, dating back to as early as the Warring States Period.
B: Yes, It seems_______________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
4. A: Gunpowder was originally used for making fireworks.
B: But what surprises me is _____________________________________
______________________________________________________
that ancient Chinese had developed a good knowledge of
/that the compass was particularly useful.
that gunpowder was not used initially for
/how it is so unexpectedly used today.
magnetism.
firearms.
5. A: After the discovery of medicine, acupuncture was invented in China. Acupuncture is a treatment which doesn’t involve any drugs. Very thin needles are put in certain parts of a person’s body.
B: Really What puzzles me is ________________________________
____________________________________
6. A: High-speed trains, mobile payments, the bike-sharing system, and online shopping are considered by some as the new “four inventions” of China.
B: Is that so I feel/It seems ___________________________________
__________________________________________________________
___________________
/for whom this practice was first done.
who first started this practice.
that these inventions have really made our lives easier.
/as if I could not live without them, especially when it comes to online shopping.