英语语法：定语从句
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课件53张PPT。2018/12/20全品高考网1第五讲定 语 从 句2018/12/20全品高考网2真 题 精 析 1. (2012大纲全国卷Ⅱ)That evening, ______ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.
A. that B. which
C. what D. when
【解析】 B 考查定语从句。句意：那天晚上，我工作到很晚，我以后会告诉你更多相关的情况。which在从句中作about的宾语，代指that evening。本题易误选D，认为evening表示时间，用when引导。 2. (2012安徽卷) A lot of language learning, ______ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
A. as B. it
C. which D. this
【解析】 A 考查定语从句。句意：正如发现的那样，大量的语言学习是在出生后的第一年发生的，所以父母应当在那一时期多和孩子说话。分析句子结构可知，空处用as指代整个句子。
3. (2011年高考四川卷) The school shop，________ customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays.
A．which B．whose
C．when D．where
【解析】选B。考查定语从句。根据句子结构及句意可确定该题考查定语从句。which引导定语从句，充当从句的主语、宾语或表语，whose充当定语从句的定语，根据句意确定此选项符合要求。
4．(2011年高考课标全国卷)The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.
A．that B．which
C．whose D．What
【解析】选C。考查定语从句。 whose引导定语从句，且在从句中作定语，修饰story；whose story相当于the story of whom。 5．(2011年高考山东卷)The old town has narrow streets and small houses ________ are built close to each other.
A．they B．where
C．what D．that
【解析】选D。考查定语从句。先行词为small houses，that代替先行词，引导定语从句作主语。they，what不能引导定语从句。where引导定语从句时在句中作地点状语。故选D。
2018/12/20全品高考网86. [2008·湖北卷] The place ___________（我成长的）is very hot and damp in summer.（grow）
【解析】 where I grew up 考查定语从句。 注意以下三个定语从句的区别：
The place which/that I grew up in
The place in which I grew up
The place where I grew up2018/12/20全品高考网9 7. [2009·湖北卷] Learning strategies, to __________ importance, have not yet drawn enough attention of students. (attach)
老师们认为重要的学习策略还没有引起学生足够的关注。
【解析】which (the) teachers attach / have attached 考查定语从句。根据结构可知此处应使用非限制性定语从句，提示词attach以及空格前后的to和importance暗示应使用attach importance to的短语。
8．[2010·湖北卷] ________________ many times, “serve the people” is our first policy. (stress)
正如我们强调的那样, “为人民服务”是我们的第一政策。 【解析】 As we have stressed 考查非限定性定语从句。当句子以整个主句作为先行词，又放在主句前的非限定性定语从句只能由 “as”来引导，再根据many times 可知答案为as we have stressed。 9．[2010·湖北卷] My mother was so proud of all ________________that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do)
妈妈对我所做的一切如此自豪，以至她奖励我去北京旅游。 【解析】 that I had done 考查定语从句。先行词是 “all”的时候，定语从句只能由 “that”引导，又因为主句是一般过去时，“我”所做的事情是过去已经完成的事情，所以要用过去完成时。2018/12/20全品高考网12 10. (2012·全国卷Ⅱ·8) That evening, __________ later, I ended up working very late.
那天晚上我工作到很晚，以后我再告诉你更多那晚的情况。
【解析】which I will tell you more about 考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。which指的是that evening, 在定语从句中作about的宾语。
2018/12/20全品高考网13考 点 精 释
什么是定语从句？
定语从句又称形容词性从句,在句子中起定语作用,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可修饰一个句子。受定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
定语从句可分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，要仔细分析，判断是否是定语从句。
The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.先行词放置于名词之_____，修饰
名词的从句关系词连接作用1.2. 在从句中充当成分后 关系代词that和 which的区分
只能使用that的情况：
1、当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时。
eg. Do you have anything that is important to tell me?
2、当先行词被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等修饰时。
eg. I have some books that are very good.
3、当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时。
eg. This is the first book that I bought myself.
The biggest bird that I caught is this bird.
4、当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时。
eg. This is the very book that I lost yesterday.
5、当先行词既有人又有物时。eg. I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw.
6.主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时。
eg .Which is the bike that you lost?
Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting？
7.当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物。
eg.China is no longer the country that she was.
只能使用which的情况：
1、非限制性定语从句中。
eg. Mary has a book, which is very precious.
2、在介词之后。
eg. This is a house in which lives an old man.
3、当主句中的主语被that修饰时。
eg. That dog which I found in the street belongs to
Mary.
Fill in the blanks with suitable relative pron.
1. This is the only book ______ I got last year.
2. Is this the book in ________ you are interested?
3. This is the largest animal ___ Tom saw in the zoo.
4. Rose still remembers the trees and teachers____ exist in the mother school.
5. All the desks ____ are bought look very wonderful.
6. Do you have any money ____is used to build the factory?
7. Tom has a toy, ____ was given by his father.
8. This is the second watch ____ my father bought for me.
thatwhichthatthatthatthatwhich that修饰人时关系代词that 和who, whom的区分。
当主句中的主语是who时，只能用that。
eg. Who is the girl that is standing over there?
在非限制性定语从句中以及介词后面时只能用who 或者whom。
eg. I have a son, who is really lovely and interesting.
There are 40 students in the class, most of whom are boys.关系代词whose
既能修饰人，也能修饰物，在定语从句中充当定语，修饰先行词。
eg. She is the girl whose English sounds very beautiful.
Mary has a very good dog, whose hair turns out white and black. 句子改错.
1. Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from class two.
2. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible.
3. Who are the young girls who are having dinner in the restaurant?
4. Who is the girl that you talked to her just now?whomwhosethather5. She is one of the girls who is very interested
in maths.
6. Tom is the only one of the boys who
are playing football.
7. This is the very pen that you gave it to
me before.
8. There is an old woman, that is holding
a stick. isitwhoare关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别.
1.位置:as从句可在主句前或主句后,而which从句只可在主句后。
2.意义:as从句常是固定结构(如as is known to all, as we expected, as everybody knows 等,而且译为“正如….,恰如…”; the same…as, such… as,译为“和……一样”)。
As we had expected, he failed in the exam.
which从句多为对主句的一种评价看法,或者主从句之间形成一种因果关系。
He failed in the exam, which made his parents angry.
关系副词when, where, why的用法以及与关系代词的区分
关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当定语从句能够完整地表达一个意思时，我们就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系副词。
I won’t forget the time when I got married.
Have you still remember the days when we stayed together?
This is the place where we had a good time.
Is this the house where Mr Smith lives?
I don’t know the reason why he won’t join us.
Do you know the reason why he didn’t come to sweep the classroom?
比较以下几组句子：
1.This is the park that we visited last year.
This is the park where we held a birthday party.
2.She won’t forget the days that she spent there.
She won’t forget the days when she stayed there.
3.That’s the date when we went to the college.
That’s the date that she won’t forget for ever.
4.I like the time when we lived together.
I like the time that we had together.
用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空：
1. Is this the room ____ you cleaned last time?
2. Is this the room ____ we lived before?
3. This is the park ____ they stayed all night.
4. This is the park ____ they visited last time.
5. Tom forgot the day ____ he left his home.
6. Tom forgot the day ____ I told him last day.
7. She still remembers the year ____ she found her first job.
8. She still remembers the year ____ she
spent in Jining.
thatwherewherethatwhenthatwhenthat关系副词when, where, why 和介词+which之间的关系：
关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。
如：when = in/on/at…+ which,
where = in/on/at…+ which,
why = for + which
介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。eg. 1. I won’t forget the date when( on which) I was born.
2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in.
3. I don’t know the reason why (for which) he hasn’t come today.
4. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin. 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空：
1. Is this the room _____ we spent our childhood?
2. This dictionary is the second one _____ I bought in the shop.
3. I still remember the date _____ I went to Nanjing for the first time.
4. Tom is thinking about the grass and the persons ____ he saw in the yard.
5. There are 100 old men in the street, some of ______ are drinking tea.
wherethatwhenthatwhom6. Do you know the days _____ you
spent on English?
7. All the books ____are on the shelf
belong to Mary.
8. Are you satisfied with the park ____
you visited last time?
9. ____ we all know, the building will
soon be destroyed.
10. I have the same book _____ she has.as Asthatthatwhich2018/12/20全品高考网32习 题 精 练 1. When deeply absorbed in work, _____ he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
A. that B. which
C. where D. when
【解析】 B 考查定语从句。句意：他经常全神贯注地工作，每当这个时候，他就会完全忘记吃饭或睡觉。which he often was是由which引导的非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作was的表语。 2. Sales director is a position ______ communication ability is just as important as sales.
A. which B. that
C. when D. where
【解析】 D 考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句。position是先行词，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where。 3. It is the third time that she has won the race, ______ has surprised us all.
A. that B. where
C. which D. what
【解析】 C 考查定语从句。句意：她第三次赢得比赛，这让我们很吃惊。此处which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的内容。
4. Maria has written two novels, both of _______ have been made into television series.
A. them B. that
C. which D. what
【解析】 C 考查定语从句。句意：Maria写了两部小说，这两部小说都被拍成了电视剧。逗号后面为非限制性定语从句，此处介词of后只能用关系代词which来引导该定语从句。
5. The air quality in the city, ______ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
A. that B. it
C. as D. what
【解析】 C 考查定语从句。句意：正如报道所描述的那样，这个城市的空气质量在过去的两个月中已得到改善。关系代词as引导一个非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，如同”。 6. Care of the soul is a gradual process ______ even the small details of life should be considered.
A. what B. in what
C. which D. in which
【解析】 D 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“____even the small details of life should be considered”是定语从句，且从句中缺少地点状语，故用in which。
7. We live in an age ______ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
A. why B. when
C. to whom D. on which
【解析】 B 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知此处考查定语从句，先行词是an age，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以应该用关系副词when，故选B项。
8．The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
A．when B．that
C．where D．Which
【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句中days是定语从句的先行词，关系词代替days并在从句中充当时间状语，故用when引导定语从句。 9. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ________ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A．which B．where
C．what D．who
【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意：她拥有为她的学生创造一种允许他们互相自由交流的气氛的天赋。分析句子结构可知，定语从句缺少主语，故用which引导。 10．It was April 29, 2011 ________ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A．that B．when
C．since D．before
【解析】选B。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，April 29,2011为定语从句的先行词，从句缺少时间状语，故用when引导。
11. At the end, they may possibly lose the last chance of success __________ for so many years. (struggle)
到最后，他们可能失去这些年来他们一直正在努力争取的成功的机会。
【解析】 (that) they have been struggling for 考查定语从句的用法，当先行词被the last修饰时, 关系代词只能用that；同时考查时态：表示一段时间内一直在进行的动作，用现在完成进行时。 12. The local people build a memorial to such a heroic man ______________ in the enemy’s prison. (put)
当地人为这样一个在敌人监狱中被处死的英雄人物建立了一座纪念碑。
【解析】 as has been/was put to death 考查定语从句的用法：关系代词用as引导，与前面的such构成搭配；同时考查语态的用法：put to death与主语存在着逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态。2018/12/20全品高考网45 13. One of the features of London is the number of big stores, _______________ in or near the West End. (locate)
伦敦的特征之一就是大商店的数目，这些大商店大多数位于或靠近西端。
【解析】 most of which are located 考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。2018/12/20全品高考网4614. The performer was dancing on the stage happily in front of the audience, _____________________, he fell from a table. (amusement)
这位表演者在舞台上面对观众跳得很开心，使观众感到非常好笑的是，他从桌子上掉了下来。
【解析】 to whose great amusement 考查定语从句的用法：先行词the audience与great amusement之间存在着逻辑上的修饰关系，故用whose；同时考查词法搭配：to one's great amusement。2018/12/20全品高考网4715. The reason _________________ just now was that the driver was too careless. (refer)
他刚刚谈到的原因是司机太粗心了。
【解析】(that/which) he referred to 考查定语从句及refer的搭配和时态。这里引导词在定语从句中作逻辑宾语，可以省略，不可用why。2018/12/20全品高考网4816．The letter for ________________ is from his former head teacher. (wait)
那封他期盼已久的信来自他以前的班主任。
【解析】 which he has been waiting
2018/12/20全品高考网4917．________________， knowledge is a two-edged sword which can be used equally for good or evil. (point)
正像人们常常指出的，知识是一把双刃剑，可以用于造福，也可以用来为害。
【解析】 As people often point out / As is so often pointed out
2018/12/20全品高考网5018．He suggested an idea on ________________ for many years to the British Government and industrial circles. (work)
他向英国政府和工业界提出了一项他研究多年的计划。
【解析】 which he had been working
2018/12/20全品高考网5119．Of all the planets in our solar system, we are now pretty certain the Earth is the only one on __________.(survive)
我们目前可以肯定的是，在我们太阳系的所有行星中，地球是唯一一个能存在生命的行星。
【解析】 which life can survive
2018/12/20全品高考网52 20．Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, ________________________ a large number of passengers. (crowd)
许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少，以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车，而车上经常已满载乘客。
【解析】 which is usually crowded with
Bye-bye!
A. that B. which
C. what D. when
【解析】 B 考查定语从句。句意：那天晚上，我工作到很晚，我以后会告诉你更多相关的情况。which在从句中作about的宾语，代指that evening。本题易误选D，认为evening表示时间，用when引导。 2. (2012安徽卷) A lot of language learning, ______ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
A. as B. it
C. which D. this
【解析】 A 考查定语从句。句意：正如发现的那样，大量的语言学习是在出生后的第一年发生的，所以父母应当在那一时期多和孩子说话。分析句子结构可知，空处用as指代整个句子。
3. (2011年高考四川卷) The school shop，________ customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays.
A．which B．whose
C．when D．where
【解析】选B。考查定语从句。根据句子结构及句意可确定该题考查定语从句。which引导定语从句，充当从句的主语、宾语或表语，whose充当定语从句的定语，根据句意确定此选项符合要求。
4．(2011年高考课标全国卷)The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.
A．that B．which
C．whose D．What
【解析】选C。考查定语从句。 whose引导定语从句，且在从句中作定语，修饰story；whose story相当于the story of whom。 5．(2011年高考山东卷)The old town has narrow streets and small houses ________ are built close to each other.
A．they B．where
C．what D．that
【解析】选D。考查定语从句。先行词为small houses，that代替先行词，引导定语从句作主语。they，what不能引导定语从句。where引导定语从句时在句中作地点状语。故选D。
2018/12/20全品高考网86. [2008·湖北卷] The place ___________（我成长的）is very hot and damp in summer.（grow）
【解析】 where I grew up 考查定语从句。 注意以下三个定语从句的区别：
The place which/that I grew up in
The place in which I grew up
The place where I grew up2018/12/20全品高考网9 7. [2009·湖北卷] Learning strategies, to __________ importance, have not yet drawn enough attention of students. (attach)
老师们认为重要的学习策略还没有引起学生足够的关注。
【解析】which (the) teachers attach / have attached 考查定语从句。根据结构可知此处应使用非限制性定语从句，提示词attach以及空格前后的to和importance暗示应使用attach importance to的短语。
8．[2010·湖北卷] ________________ many times, “serve the people” is our first policy. (stress)
正如我们强调的那样, “为人民服务”是我们的第一政策。 【解析】 As we have stressed 考查非限定性定语从句。当句子以整个主句作为先行词，又放在主句前的非限定性定语从句只能由 “as”来引导，再根据many times 可知答案为as we have stressed。 9．[2010·湖北卷] My mother was so proud of all ________________that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do)
妈妈对我所做的一切如此自豪，以至她奖励我去北京旅游。 【解析】 that I had done 考查定语从句。先行词是 “all”的时候，定语从句只能由 “that”引导，又因为主句是一般过去时，“我”所做的事情是过去已经完成的事情，所以要用过去完成时。2018/12/20全品高考网12 10. (2012·全国卷Ⅱ·8) That evening, __________ later, I ended up working very late.
那天晚上我工作到很晚，以后我再告诉你更多那晚的情况。
【解析】which I will tell you more about 考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。which指的是that evening, 在定语从句中作about的宾语。
2018/12/20全品高考网13考 点 精 释
什么是定语从句？
定语从句又称形容词性从句,在句子中起定语作用,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可修饰一个句子。受定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
定语从句可分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，要仔细分析，判断是否是定语从句。
The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.先行词放置于名词之_____，修饰
名词的从句关系词连接作用1.2. 在从句中充当成分后 关系代词that和 which的区分
只能使用that的情况：
1、当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时。
eg. Do you have anything that is important to tell me?
2、当先行词被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等修饰时。
eg. I have some books that are very good.
3、当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时。
eg. This is the first book that I bought myself.
The biggest bird that I caught is this bird.
4、当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时。
eg. This is the very book that I lost yesterday.
5、当先行词既有人又有物时。eg. I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw.
6.主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时。
eg .Which is the bike that you lost?
Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting？
7.当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物。
eg.China is no longer the country that she was.
只能使用which的情况：
1、非限制性定语从句中。
eg. Mary has a book, which is very precious.
2、在介词之后。
eg. This is a house in which lives an old man.
3、当主句中的主语被that修饰时。
eg. That dog which I found in the street belongs to
Mary.
Fill in the blanks with suitable relative pron.
1. This is the only book ______ I got last year.
2. Is this the book in ________ you are interested?
3. This is the largest animal ___ Tom saw in the zoo.
4. Rose still remembers the trees and teachers____ exist in the mother school.
5. All the desks ____ are bought look very wonderful.
6. Do you have any money ____is used to build the factory?
7. Tom has a toy, ____ was given by his father.
8. This is the second watch ____ my father bought for me.
thatwhichthatthatthatthatwhich that修饰人时关系代词that 和who, whom的区分。
当主句中的主语是who时，只能用that。
eg. Who is the girl that is standing over there?
在非限制性定语从句中以及介词后面时只能用who 或者whom。
eg. I have a son, who is really lovely and interesting.
There are 40 students in the class, most of whom are boys.关系代词whose
既能修饰人，也能修饰物，在定语从句中充当定语，修饰先行词。
eg. She is the girl whose English sounds very beautiful.
Mary has a very good dog, whose hair turns out white and black. 句子改错.
1. Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from class two.
2. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible.
3. Who are the young girls who are having dinner in the restaurant?
4. Who is the girl that you talked to her just now?whomwhosethather5. She is one of the girls who is very interested
in maths.
6. Tom is the only one of the boys who
are playing football.
7. This is the very pen that you gave it to
me before.
8. There is an old woman, that is holding
a stick. isitwhoare关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别.
1.位置:as从句可在主句前或主句后,而which从句只可在主句后。
2.意义:as从句常是固定结构(如as is known to all, as we expected, as everybody knows 等,而且译为“正如….,恰如…”; the same…as, such… as,译为“和……一样”)。
As we had expected, he failed in the exam.
which从句多为对主句的一种评价看法,或者主从句之间形成一种因果关系。
He failed in the exam, which made his parents angry.
关系副词when, where, why的用法以及与关系代词的区分
关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当定语从句能够完整地表达一个意思时，我们就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系副词。
I won’t forget the time when I got married.
Have you still remember the days when we stayed together?
This is the place where we had a good time.
Is this the house where Mr Smith lives?
I don’t know the reason why he won’t join us.
Do you know the reason why he didn’t come to sweep the classroom?
比较以下几组句子：
1.This is the park that we visited last year.
This is the park where we held a birthday party.
2.She won’t forget the days that she spent there.
She won’t forget the days when she stayed there.
3.That’s the date when we went to the college.
That’s the date that she won’t forget for ever.
4.I like the time when we lived together.
I like the time that we had together.
用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空：
1. Is this the room ____ you cleaned last time?
2. Is this the room ____ we lived before?
3. This is the park ____ they stayed all night.
4. This is the park ____ they visited last time.
5. Tom forgot the day ____ he left his home.
6. Tom forgot the day ____ I told him last day.
7. She still remembers the year ____ she found her first job.
8. She still remembers the year ____ she
spent in Jining.
thatwherewherethatwhenthatwhenthat关系副词when, where, why 和介词+which之间的关系：
关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。
如：when = in/on/at…+ which,
where = in/on/at…+ which,
why = for + which
介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。eg. 1. I won’t forget the date when( on which) I was born.
2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in.
3. I don’t know the reason why (for which) he hasn’t come today.
4. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin. 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空：
1. Is this the room _____ we spent our childhood?
2. This dictionary is the second one _____ I bought in the shop.
3. I still remember the date _____ I went to Nanjing for the first time.
4. Tom is thinking about the grass and the persons ____ he saw in the yard.
5. There are 100 old men in the street, some of ______ are drinking tea.
wherethatwhenthatwhom6. Do you know the days _____ you
spent on English?
7. All the books ____are on the shelf
belong to Mary.
8. Are you satisfied with the park ____
you visited last time?
9. ____ we all know, the building will
soon be destroyed.
10. I have the same book _____ she has.as Asthatthatwhich2018/12/20全品高考网32习 题 精 练 1. When deeply absorbed in work, _____ he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
A. that B. which
C. where D. when
【解析】 B 考查定语从句。句意：他经常全神贯注地工作，每当这个时候，他就会完全忘记吃饭或睡觉。which he often was是由which引导的非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作was的表语。 2. Sales director is a position ______ communication ability is just as important as sales.
A. which B. that
C. when D. where
【解析】 D 考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句。position是先行词，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where。 3. It is the third time that she has won the race, ______ has surprised us all.
A. that B. where
C. which D. what
【解析】 C 考查定语从句。句意：她第三次赢得比赛，这让我们很吃惊。此处which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的内容。
4. Maria has written two novels, both of _______ have been made into television series.
A. them B. that
C. which D. what
【解析】 C 考查定语从句。句意：Maria写了两部小说，这两部小说都被拍成了电视剧。逗号后面为非限制性定语从句，此处介词of后只能用关系代词which来引导该定语从句。
5. The air quality in the city, ______ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
A. that B. it
C. as D. what
【解析】 C 考查定语从句。句意：正如报道所描述的那样，这个城市的空气质量在过去的两个月中已得到改善。关系代词as引导一个非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，如同”。 6. Care of the soul is a gradual process ______ even the small details of life should be considered.
A. what B. in what
C. which D. in which
【解析】 D 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“____even the small details of life should be considered”是定语从句，且从句中缺少地点状语，故用in which。
7. We live in an age ______ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
A. why B. when
C. to whom D. on which
【解析】 B 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知此处考查定语从句，先行词是an age，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以应该用关系副词when，故选B项。
8．The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
A．when B．that
C．where D．Which
【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句中days是定语从句的先行词，关系词代替days并在从句中充当时间状语，故用when引导定语从句。 9. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ________ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A．which B．where
C．what D．who
【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意：她拥有为她的学生创造一种允许他们互相自由交流的气氛的天赋。分析句子结构可知，定语从句缺少主语，故用which引导。 10．It was April 29, 2011 ________ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A．that B．when
C．since D．before
【解析】选B。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，April 29,2011为定语从句的先行词，从句缺少时间状语，故用when引导。
11. At the end, they may possibly lose the last chance of success __________ for so many years. (struggle)
到最后，他们可能失去这些年来他们一直正在努力争取的成功的机会。
【解析】 (that) they have been struggling for 考查定语从句的用法，当先行词被the last修饰时, 关系代词只能用that；同时考查时态：表示一段时间内一直在进行的动作，用现在完成进行时。 12. The local people build a memorial to such a heroic man ______________ in the enemy’s prison. (put)
当地人为这样一个在敌人监狱中被处死的英雄人物建立了一座纪念碑。
【解析】 as has been/was put to death 考查定语从句的用法：关系代词用as引导，与前面的such构成搭配；同时考查语态的用法：put to death与主语存在着逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态。2018/12/20全品高考网45 13. One of the features of London is the number of big stores, _______________ in or near the West End. (locate)
伦敦的特征之一就是大商店的数目，这些大商店大多数位于或靠近西端。
【解析】 most of which are located 考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。2018/12/20全品高考网4614. The performer was dancing on the stage happily in front of the audience, _____________________, he fell from a table. (amusement)
这位表演者在舞台上面对观众跳得很开心，使观众感到非常好笑的是，他从桌子上掉了下来。
【解析】 to whose great amusement 考查定语从句的用法：先行词the audience与great amusement之间存在着逻辑上的修饰关系，故用whose；同时考查词法搭配：to one's great amusement。2018/12/20全品高考网4715. The reason _________________ just now was that the driver was too careless. (refer)
他刚刚谈到的原因是司机太粗心了。
【解析】(that/which) he referred to 考查定语从句及refer的搭配和时态。这里引导词在定语从句中作逻辑宾语，可以省略，不可用why。2018/12/20全品高考网4816．The letter for ________________ is from his former head teacher. (wait)
那封他期盼已久的信来自他以前的班主任。
【解析】 which he has been waiting
2018/12/20全品高考网4917．________________， knowledge is a two-edged sword which can be used equally for good or evil. (point)
正像人们常常指出的，知识是一把双刃剑，可以用于造福，也可以用来为害。
【解析】 As people often point out / As is so often pointed out
2018/12/20全品高考网5018．He suggested an idea on ________________ for many years to the British Government and industrial circles. (work)
他向英国政府和工业界提出了一项他研究多年的计划。
【解析】 which he had been working
2018/12/20全品高考网5119．Of all the planets in our solar system, we are now pretty certain the Earth is the only one on __________.(survive)
我们目前可以肯定的是，在我们太阳系的所有行星中，地球是唯一一个能存在生命的行星。
【解析】 which life can survive
2018/12/20全品高考网52 20．Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, ________________________ a large number of passengers. (crowd)
许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少，以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车，而车上经常已满载乘客。
【解析】 which is usually crowded with
Bye-bye!