人教版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration词汇讲解课件(共58张PPT)

(共58张PPT)
词
汇
讲
解
选择性必修四 Unit 3
Sea Exploration
重难点词
精讲
一词多义
extend
withdraw
一词多义
channel
一词多义
bond
一词多义
in hand
词义及扩展
league
词义及基本搭配
构词：ex- (out 向外) + tend (to stretch 伸) → 伸开；伸出 (基本义)
1. extend
extend v
vt 伸开；展开；伸出：
Extend your left hand and see what it is in it.
vt & vi（使）延伸；（使）延长：
This winding road extends to the riverside.
Because the stormy weather, their stay extends to the New Year.
The travelers decided to extend their visit to see more about the beautiful country.
使身体部位伸开 / 伸出
使距离或时间伸开 / 伸出
vt & vi（使）扩大；（使）扩展：
The country is like one huge extended family.
The large company extended its services to Hong Kong.
vt [正式用语] 提供；给予：
We extended a warm welcome to Mr. Rieder’s coming to our party.
I’d like to extend my thanks to all our teachers, parents and families, who have done so much for us over the years.
使业务或影响伸开 / 伸出
使行动、情感等伸开 / 伸出至某人处
extension n [C] & [U]
延伸；扩大；延长期：
When applying for a visa extension, state simply and clearly the reasons why you need an extension.
He will appeal to the state for an extension of unemployment benefits.
The extension of the subway will take several months.
The pub had an extension on Christmas Eve.
扩建部分：
The city is building an extension to the subway line.
电话分机；分机号码：
Extension 520, please!
by extension [正式用语] 再则
选必一 Unit 5
Make sth longer
time
space
influence
body
welcome
invitation
to extend an invitation 发出邀请
to extend my sincere gratitude
表达我衷心的感谢
to extend a fence/road/house 扩建护栏╱公路╱房子
to extend a deadline/visa/life 延长最后期限╱签证/寿命
to extend business 拓展业务
to extend a very warm welcome to our visitors 向我们的客人表示热烈的欢迎
extended his hand 伸手
词汇扩充和助记
泛读 extensive reading 精读 intensive reading
extend：延伸；扩大；推广；伸出；给予
extension：延长；扩大；范围；大小；尺寸；电话分机
extent：程度；范围；长度
intend：打算；想要；意指 intention 意图，打算
intensive：加强的；集中的；透彻的；加强语气的
intension：强度，烈度；加强，加剧；紧张
intent：意图；目的；含义；专心的；急切的；坚决的
pretend 假装
attend 参加
tend 照料；趋向于 tendency 趋势 trend 趋势；趋向；倾向；动态；动向
tense 紧张的，紧绷的； 拉紧，绷紧； 时态
易混：expand v.(向四周)扩大
I climbed up the chair nearby and extended my arms as long as possible.
我爬上旁边的椅子，把胳膊尽可能地伸直。
I explained to him what had happened and sincerely extended my apology to him.
我向他解释了所发生的事情，并真诚地向他道歉。
(读后续写心理描写)
Finally, his face expanded with a satisfied smile when he finished it.
最后，完工时，他脸上绽放出满意的笑容。
(读后续写动作描写)
To her delight, she saw Tom extending his arms towards her at a distance.
令她高兴的是，她看到汤姆在远处向她伸出双臂。
extend 语义网络图
伸开 / 伸出
extend
（基本义）
使身体部位伸开 / 伸出
使距离或时间伸开 / 伸出
使业务或影响伸开 / 伸出
伸开；展开
伸出
（使）延伸；
（使）延长
（使）扩大；（使）扩展
使行动、情感等伸开 / 伸出至某人处
提供；给予
2. League
助记：the Communist Youth League
中国共产主义青年团
league member 团员
in a league of one’s own 独领风骚
Britain has dropped from second to third place in the league.
英国在联赛中的排名从第二位降到了第三位。
As a painter, he is in a league of his own (= much better than others).
作为画家，他独领风骚。
They’re in a different league from us.
他们与我们不属同一个级别。
When it comes to cooking, I’m not in her league.
(= she is much better than me)
A house like that is out of our league.
(= too expensive for us)
She’s way out of my league.
(I mean she’s rich and beautiful. I don’t have a chance.)
the League of Nations 国际联盟
the Women’s League for Peace 妇女和平联盟会议
3. withdraw
看图猜词
withdraw money
取钱
You can withdraw a message in two minutes.
vi & vt （使）撤离；（使）退出：
The tennis player withdrew from several tournaments due to injury. 人教新选必④ – 3
I heard you plan to withdraw from the speech class.
vi & vt 收回（发言、意见等）：
He should either withdraw his statement and apologise or else be forever branded as a liar.
vt 提取（存款等）：
I wanted to withdraw $400,000 to buy a new house from my bank account.
vi 脱离社会；不与人交往：
You need to be loved by the people around you very much, because otherwise you will withdraw into yourself and begin to think of the world as a hostile place.
构词：with- (back 回) + draw (to pull 拉) → 往回拉 → 拿回 (基本义)
withdraw (withdrew, withdrawn) v
收回（发言、意见等）
提取（存款等）
拿回withdraw
（基本义）
“拿回”发言、意见等
“拿回”存款等
（使）撤离；（使）退出
使人从活动或组织中“拿回”
withdraw 语义网络图
脱离社会；不与人交往
从社交活动中“拿回”自己
频道
sports channel
海峡
English Channel
4. channel
看图猜词
n [C]
海峡；水渠；航道：
It vanished on July 28 after passing through the the English Channel.
途径；渠道：
Then what are the differences between the green channel and red channel
Mobile phone reading has become the main channel for him to get information.
Our school BBS is a useful channel of communication between teachers and students.
频道：
He changed / switched channels to watch the basketball game.
vt 把（钱或精力等）导向（某一特定目的）；引导：
Most of his energy was channeled into writing and lecturing.
名词动词化
channel 的词源义及基本义为“航道；水道（bed of running water）”
channel
隐喻
channel 语义网络图
航道；水道channel
基本义
水流的“航道；水道”
传递物品、信息等的“航道；水道”
观看电视节目的“航道；水道”
海峡；水渠；航道
途径；渠道
频道
4. bond
看图猜词
黏合
bond
n [C] 黏合；纽带；关系：
This new glue makes a firmer bond to the wood.
A close / An emotional bond has developed between them.
Nothing can break the bond between us — not even all those elbows you gave me in practice.
vt & vi（使）黏合；（使）结合；增强（与某人的）信任关系：
In this way, the sugar and water molecules bond together before the water can freeze.
It’s also a great way to bond with your family.
bond
名词动词化
Martha and I have a very intense bond. We are connected at a primal level.
我和玛莎关系非常紧密。我们心有灵犀。
注释: 我们可以用 bond 一词，可以用 be connected；bond 表示人与人之间的关系纽带（something that forms a connection between people or groups, such as a feeling of friendship or shared ideas and experiences），
例句：the special bond between mother and child
母子间的独特亲密关系纽带
A bond of friendship had been forged between them.
他们之间形成了友谊的纽带。
have a very intense bond 的意思就是说两人的关系非常密切；
a special bond感情深，特殊感情
bond n. “纽带，关系，感情”
例：Do we have a special bond Absolutely.
我们感情深吗？当然。
bond也可以做动词
表达“建立感情，增进感情”
例：Lily was raised by very loving Asian women, in an orphanage, with whom she clearly bonded.
莉莉在孤儿院由热心的亚洲女性抚养，莉莉和她们的感情很深。
bond with sb 与某人好好相处、建立信任与联系 , 跟某人套近乎，搞好关系，培养感情
We should bond with our neighbors so that we can become closer with each other.
我们要和邻居建立联系/好好相处，这样彼此之间才会更亲近。
bond 语义网络图
人和人、抽象事物之间抽象的“黏合”
具体物体之间用胶水形成的“黏合”
……
黏合
黏合
bond
（基本义）
n
v
纽带；关系
……
（使）结合；增强（与某人的）信任关系
（使）黏合
……
5. in hand 在手头上，可供使用
助记：by hand 手工，亲手
at hand 在手边
on hand 在手边；在场；即将发生
hand in hand 手拉手地，联合地
give sb. a hand 帮某人一个忙
reach out helping hand 伸出援手
on one hand.... on the other hand 一方面，另一方面
with both hands = all out 全力以赴地
hold hands 手拉手
shake hands 握手
However, with no money in hand to spend, she sighed and had to leave.
然而，手里没有钱可花，她叹了口气，不得不离开。
以下为hand的动词短语
hand in 上交，提交；呈送
hand on=pass on 传递，转交
hand over 移交，交出
hand down 传下去
hand back 归还
hand out 分发
She handed the napkin to me, and three $20 bills fell onto my desk when I opened it.
她把餐巾纸递给我，当我打开它时，三张20美元的钞票掉到了我的桌子上。
以下为hand的其它俚语
live from hand to mouth 收入勉强糊口
Don’t sit on your hands. 不要袖手旁观。
He is a green hand. 他是一个新手。
Let’s give him a big hand. 让我们给他热烈的掌声。
续写用短语：
take one’s hand 牵某人的手
reach for one’s hand 伸手抓住某人
She sobbed, hiding her face in her hands.她掩面哭泣。
Her hands were shaking. She was on the edge of tears.
她的手在颤抖。她快要哭了。
They walked along, holding hands (hand in hand).
他们手拉手,并肩走着。
She smiled and reached out a hand in welcome.
她笑着伸出一只手表示欢迎。
She shrugged and spread her hands, “That’s all I can tell you.”
她耸耸肩，摊开双手说：“我只能告诉你这么多了。”
He shook my hands as if we were long lost friends.
他握住我的手好像我们是失散多年的朋友。
续写佳句翻译：
我们解释了我们的目的，把毛衣发给了父母，并祝愿他们的孩子早日康复。
We explained our purpose, handed out sweaters to the parents and wished their kids a quick recovery.
We were forced to return home, empty-handed.
我们被迫空手而归。
1. I would like to extend my thanks to all our teachers, parents and families, who have done so much for us over the years.
2. I wanted to withdraw $4,000 from my bank account.
3. Most of his energy was channeled into writing.
4. In some cultures friendship means a strong lifelong bond between two people.
5. Reading was a special way to bond with my children. 2020 全国改
本单元金句汇总
重难点词
精讲
profession
辨析义
log
词源
possession
搭配义
正式用语
隐喻
cover &
coverage
一词多义
熟词生义
词根词缀
mercy
词源和词根
6. profession
提到职业，你能想到哪些单词？job,work,career …
它们都有什么区别？
profession n [C] 职业；行业：
He is a good writer, although he is not a writer by profession.
A few dedicated doctors have fought for years to enlighten the profession. 【温故】
professional (必修二 Unit 1)
adj 职业的；专业的：
This has been my worst time for injuries since I started as a professional tennis player.
Talking about it in a professional way will impress the interviewer deeply.
n [C] 专业人士；职业选手：
There will be a rise in the demand for health care professionals.
professionalism n [U] 专业水准；专业素质；职业化
profession 指需要专门技能（尤其是较高教育水平）的职业、专业。
He is one of the greatest players of recent times and is a credit to his profession.
occupation 指某人通常从事的“工作”“职业”，是正式用语，常用于正式文体或表格中。
I suppose I was looking for an occupation which was going to be an adventure.
work 尤指目的是挣钱的工作、职业。
Though I had a lot of experience, I could not find satisfying work.
析
辨
career 指生涯、职业。
She fully intends to continue her sporting career once she has recovered from her injuries.
trade 指行业，尤指手工职业、工艺、行当。
A skilled trade can offer secure（稳定的）employment, even in the worst economic times.
job 指工作、职位，是可数名词。
In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well.
析
辨
7. cover & coverage
1. The floor was covered with shavings from his wood carvings.
2. In Southeast Asian cultures, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings.
3. Since he first started offering rides to the young people, Wilson has covered 64,000 miles.
4. Your parents will have to cover your tuition fees.
5. A young journalist was sent to cover the whole event.
6. To cover the cost of hiring a bus for the spring outing, each student will have to pay $100 altogether.
cover vt
【温故】— 语境复习
被覆盖
掩饰
走完（一段路程）
包括、支付
采访
足以支付
cover / k v (r)/ n. 覆盖物，套子，盖子，掩蔽物； (书刊的)封面；掩护；幌子，借口
vt. 包括；采访，报导；涉及；行走（一段路程）；掩护；翻唱
coverage / k v r d / n. 新闻报道; (书、课程学习、电视等的)信息范围
discover /d sk v (r)/ v. 发现；了解到，认识到 【dis- =否定；使失去掩盖】
discovery /d sk v ri/ n. 发现；被发现的事物（或真相、人）
recover /r k v (r)/ v. 康复，痊愈；恢复（常态); 寻回；【re-= back再，重新】
recovery /r k v ri/ n. 恢复，痊愈；改善，复苏
uncover / n k v (r)/ v. 移去覆盖物；发现，揭露
覆盖范围：
Wuhan basically achieved full 5G network coverage in key industrial parks. （书、节目、课程等的）内容范围；信息范围：
You will have to get a good mobile phone with extensive signal coverage.
新闻报道：
When the journey ended, Zac’s adventure received widespread media coverage. 人教新选必④ – 3
保险范围：
There are ways to cut your insurance costs while getting the
necessary insurance coverage you need.
coverage n [U]
(cover + -age)
【知新】
覆盖 cover v （基本义）
用某物覆盖某物
覆盖；遮盖
覆盖多个抽象事物
覆盖距离或空间
覆盖新闻事件
覆盖费用、花销
涵盖；包括；
涉及；处理
走完（一段路程）；占地
采访；报道
足以支付；
够付
cover & coverage 语义网络图
覆盖范围
（书、节目、课程等的）内容范围；信息范围
保险范围
新闻报道
coverage
cover
8. applaud v.鼓掌 vt.称赞;赞赏
派生：applause n.掌声，喝彩
同义：clap v.&n. 鼓掌，拍手
Everyone cheered and applauded when the show ended as Sneha’s first male character turned out a big success.
演出结束时，每个人都欢呼起来并鼓掌，因为Sneha的演的第一个男性角色很成功。
All the audience applauded him for his acceptance speech: “I don’t regret losing the chance of becoming a champion to help others.”
全场观众都为他的获奖感言鼓掌:“我不后悔因去帮助别人而失去成为冠军的机会。”
Thunderous applause broke out, with the name David echoing again and again.
雷鸣般的掌声响起，大卫的名字也反复回响。
I still kept running on when a thunderous applause burst, which signaled the birth of the champion.
我还在继续跑着，这时响起了雷鸣般的掌声，这标志着冠军的诞生。
Immediately Jenny finished her speech, a storm of applause erupted from the class.
珍妮的演讲一结束，教室里就爆发出一阵雷鸣般的掌声。
9. mercy
构词：merc (reward 回报、奖励) + -y (名词后缀)
mercy的词源义是“回报”，指神对帮助弱小之人的奖励和恩典，即对其犯下错误的宽容和原谅。后来，词义演变为“宽容；怜悯”，词源同market和merchant。
mercy的词根是merc (trade 交易) ，源自古罗马神话中的神使和商业守护神墨丘利 (Mercury) 的名字。
神对行善之人的“回报”，本质上就是一种“交易”，用行善来“交换”神灵对其犯错的宽恕。
mercy
n [U] 仁慈；怜悯；宽恕：
Have mercy on Antonio, Shylock. Do not be so bitter.
We should never show mercy to a fraud (欺诈) among friends.
at the mercy of 完全受……支配；任凭……摆布:
The profession is very much at the mercy of the market.
A person who has no sense of responsibility is at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviour.
merciful adj 仁慈的；宽大的：
Others say what he is doing is merciful.
10. possess
possess 意为“拥有；占有”，而当我们想表达“有”的意思时，往往想到的是 have 或者 own。那么，possess, have 和 own 三者之间有何异同？该选用哪一个词来表达“有”才最恰当得体呢？
possess vt [正式用语] [不用于进行时] 占有；具有
to have or own sth：
Happiness is not wishing for what we don’t have, but enjoying what we do possess. 2013 天津改
He learned that horses possess many qualities that make them an excellent choice for guiding the blind.
possess 是正式用语，常表示拥有、占有，并控制和支配财物等。还可用来指具有某种品质、才能、特点或性能等。
have 是普通用词，语义广泛。表示“拥有”之意时，无原因或理由可言，也不表明拥有者和被拥有者之间的任何关系。
own 表示对某物有自然的或合法的拥有权，多指所属关系，不管所属物是否在物主手中。
possession n (possess + -ion)
[U] [正式用语] 拥有；占有：
When her father died, she came into possession of a large fortune.
[C] [常用复数] 所有物；财产 (belongings)：
Of all possessions a friend is the most precious. ——希罗多德
[重要词块]
in possession of 占有；拥有：
Foreigners are required to be in possession of a passport and visa.
in the possession of 为……所有：
Two years later, the company was in the possession of his father.
take possession of 占有；拥有；占领：
We didn’t take possession of the car until a few days after the auction (拍卖会).
抽象名词具体化
词语辨析
下面这四个词均有“财产”之意：
possession 指个人财产、私人物品，尤指动产。
We need to repair our possessions instead of throwing them away.
belongings 指动产，尤指随身物品。
He was told to pack up all of his letters and personal belongings.
goods 较为正式，指动产、（可搬运的）私人财产。
We guarantee to deliver your goods within a week.
property 较为正式，意为“财产”时不可数，指个人或组织的所有物、财产、财物。
He transferred the property to his son when he was 70 years old.
11. log
英语单词 log 指尚未切割的原木，但又常常用来表示“日志”，尤其是航海日志、飞行日志。“原木”和“日志”之间到底有什么关系呢？
词源故事
古人在驾驶帆船出海远航时，常常采用在桅杆上刻道的方法来记录日期，这就是最原始的航海日志了。由于桅杆是用原木（log）做的，所以记录在桅杆上的日志自然也就被称为“log”了。
log n [C]
原木；（大） 木料
航海 / 飞行日志；（事件的） 正式记录:
I’m keep a log of all his comings and goings.
Are you worried about your phone call logs to be peeped (偷看) by others
sleep like a log / baby［非正式用语］沉睡；酣睡
v
vi & vt 伐（木）：
The forest has been so heavily logged that it is in danger of disappearing.
vt 把……记入航海 / 飞行日志；记录 (record)：
Logging new species will improve our understanding of life on the earth.
人教新选必④ – 3
名词动词化
log in / on（使）注册； （使）登录：
When employees log in to their computers, they’re shown a picture of one of their coworkers and asked to guess that person’s name.
log out / off（使）注销； （使）退出：
For some people, the act of going online is addicting, and they find it hard to log off and return to everyday life.
正式用语与非正式用语
Informal / Everyday Neutral（中性的） Formal / Written
向某人发出邀请 / send an invitation to sb _______ an invitation to sb
拥有某物 / have (got) / own sth possess sth /
be in ___________of sth
记录事件 / record an event _________ an event
称赞男孩的勇气 / praise the boy for his courage _________ the boy for his
courage
悬挂某物 / hang sth sth is _________
被解雇 be / get sacked be / get fired be / get _______
个人自由 / personal _______ personal liberty
根据所给提示完成表格。
extend
possession
log
freedom
applaud
suspended
dismissed
本单元的词根词缀
说出下列单词的词根词缀的汉语释义。
1. extend: ex-（out 出去）+ tend（to stretch __________） →（时间）__________出去 → 延长
2. withdraw：with-（back 回） + draw（to pull __________） → 往回__________ → 拿回 → 退出
3. applaud：ap-（表示强调）+ plaud（to clap hands __________） → 使劲__________ → 鼓掌
4. opponent：op-（against ______________） + pon（to put 放） + -ent（名词后缀：……的人） → _______________ 的人 → 对手
5. arrest：ar-（to 使）+ rest（to stop _________）→ 使 (罪犯) _____ → 逮捕
伸展
伸
拉
拉
拍手
拍手
相反 / 相对立
相对着放
停止
停下来
英语单词构词法的核心部分在于词根，词根决定单词的意思。词根可以单独构成单词，也可以通过添加前缀或后缀构成新词。了解词根意思，掌握构词规律， 有助于准确、高效记忆词汇。
本单元隐喻典型词
单词 基本义 比喻义（衍生义）
channel 水道；航道 ____________
bond 黏合 ____________
mixture 混合物 ____________
applaud 鼓掌 ____________
coverage 覆盖（范围） ____________
log 记录 ____________
渠道
称赞
关系
根据所给提示完成表格。
混合
报道
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