山东省聊城市2023年中考英语真题

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山东省聊城市2023年中考英语真题
一、完形填空
（2023·聊城） 完形填空
How did you spend your summer and winter holidays Did you travel Or did you just stay at home and watch TV As for 14-year-old Wang Ziyue, he had a 1． way to spend his holidays. The boy spent his holidays running a mobile library.
Wang got the 2． of building a library in August 2018. At that time, he was spending his 3． holiday at his grandma' s home in a town in Taizhou, Zhejiang. He found that 4． of the children in the town watched TV all day on their holiday as they hardly had any books at home. Wang wanted to help them. During the winter holiday in 2019, he 5． more than 500 books and brought them back to the town. At his grandma' s home, Wang built a small library to 6． his books with others. His library helped to make some children fall in love with 7． . But Wang didn' t stop there. He made a cart (手推车) into a mobile library. On market days, he 8． his cart to the market so that more children were able to read the books. For four years Wang has helped hundreds of children, and his library now has about 1,200 books. Many people 9． praise Wang for what he has done. They say the library is small, 10． it is a big help to children in the town.
1．A． common B． special C． secret
2．A． advice B． agreement C． idea
3．A． summer B． National Day C． winter
4．A． many B． few C． none
5．A． lost B． chose C． wrote
6．A． mix B． compare C． share
7．A． speaking B． listening C． reading
8．A． sold B． took C． returned
9．A． highly B． luckily C． nervously
10．A． so B． or C． but
二、阅读理解
（2023·聊城） 阅读理解
We all know that people have much more stress (压力) than before. Luckily, a new study has found an easy way to solve the problem. According to the researchers of the study, small green plants on the desk can greatly reduce people' s stress.
60 people from different jobs took part in the study. Half of them worked without any plants, while the other half worked with plants on their desks. Then a standard test was used to find out their stress levels. More than 90% of the office workers showed a lower stress level after taking only a three-minute rest to look at their plants.
The study has also found that it does not matter whether people looked at their plants or only had the plants near their computers. Only if people could see green plants for about a week in their working places, their stress levels changed greatly. This finding worked for everyone no matter how old they were and what their jobs were.
" People used to go out of their houses and enjoy themselves in nature, but now they have less time to do so," one of the researchers said. , " Lucky for them, our study has found out that a small green plant is as useful as a large forest. "
11．A study has found a way to reduce people' s stress.
12．30 people worked without any plants in the study.
13．The test showed that all the office workers had a lower stress level.
14．The finding of the study worked for all the people.
15．The study shows that a green plant is more useful than a forest.
（2023·聊城）阅读理解
2023 English Speech Competition
The competition is for all the students in our school. Students from the first to sixth grade should give a speech for about 5 minutes, and students from the seventh to ninth grade should give a speech for about 8 minutes. The speech is about your dream.
●If you are interested in joining in the competition, you can meet your English teacher or Mrs Wang to register (登记).
●The registration will start on 21st October, and end on 15th November, 2023.
●The real competition will be on 10th December, 2023.
●The 1st, 2nd and 3rd place winners will separately win a schoolbag, a dictionary and a pen. All the competitors (参赛者)will get a notebook.
●If you want more information about the competition, you can meet Mrs Wang.
16．Who can join in the competition
A．All the teachers and students.
B．All the students in the school.
C．Only the students from the sixth grade.
D．Only the students from the ninth grade.
17．If a student wants to enter the competition he can register ____.
A．before 21st October B．on 8th November
C．on 16th November D．after 10th December
18．The 3rd place winner will get ____.
A．a schoolbag and a pen B．a dictionary and a pen
C．a pen and a notebook D．a dictionary and a notebook
19．Students can only ask Mrs Wang for help if they want to ____.
A．get more information
B．know what the speech is about
C．register for the competition
D．know the date of the real competition
20．The passage above can probably be found in ____.
A．a textbook B．a restaurant menu
C．a travel guide D．a school newspaper
（2023·聊城） 阅读理解
Xie Xiaohua is a special education teacher. She has won the hearts of hundreds of children and is called Mum Xiaohua by many of them.
" It is my greatest happiness to care for them," said 49-year-old Xie. She has been working at Yiyuan County Special Education School in Zibo, Shandong Province for 27 years.
Xie knows the difference between special education and general education. She takes care of each student according to their physical conditions. And she also helps them with learning and their daily life. She used to help carry a student to restrooms, the dining hall, classrooms and the dormitory for nine years until the student graduated (毕业) from the school.
In 2003, the school set up a rehabilitation (康复) centre and Xie worked harder. To make sure every child received the best training, she made special plans for them. Then she began to teach them patiently the basic skills of taking care of themselves. She also spent lots of time training the children with hearing and speech problems. That often made her throat ache.
2015, the school started offering door-to-door education to students with physical problems. Besides Xie, there are over 30 teachers teaching and helping those students. The teachers have walked over 60, 000 kilometres over the past seven years because many students live in mountain villages.
" Although we feel tired sometimes, we feel our work is valuable after seeing the students' progress, even just a little bit," Xie said.
21．Xie Xiaohua began to work at the school at the age of ____.
A．22 B．27 C．29 D．49
22．What does Paragraph 3 (第3段) mainly tell us
A．What Xie knows.
B．How long Xie helped carry the student.
C．How Xie takes care of the students.
D．What the students' physical conditions are.
23．Xie probably ____first to help them receive the best training.
A．made some plans for the children
B．taught the children the basic skills
C．set up a rehabilitation centre for the children
D．trained the children with hearing and speech problems
24．Which of the following is true
A．Xie said the teachers always felt tired.
B．Xie thinks their work is useful and important.
C．Each teacher has walked over 60,000 kilometres.
D．The school offered door-to-door education to all the students.
25．What is the best title (题目) for the passage
A．Special students B．A famous school
C．Mountain villages D．Mum Xiaohua
（2023·聊城） 阅读理解
Albatross (信天翁) is not a kind of bird. It is a collection of bird families. Some of them have short tails, some have black feet and some others have large bodies and wings. There are at least 12 different kinds of albatrosses, and the largest kind has 1. 5-metre-long wings.
Like other sea birds, albatrosses drink seawater. They mainly live on squids (鱿鱼) and fish, and they sometimes follow ships to eat rubbish. Besides, they may also dive (俯冲) into water to catch their " seafood" . One kind of albatross can dive as deep as 12. 5 metres. Albatrosses spend most of their lives flying and can reach faraway places. They are also able to stay in air in windy weather for hours. Some large albatrosses have trouble keeping in air when there is no wind, and then they would rest on the water.
Most albatrosses live in the Antarctic and the North Pacific, and you can find them inShandong, Taiwan and other seaside provinces of China. They give birth to babies by laying eggs. The mother albatross lays one egg every two years. The egg is taken care of by the parents in turn.
Albatrosses are popular sea birds but their population is small. They are the first classprotected birds in China. We should try our best to protect them.
26．From Paragraph l we know that ____.
A．albatross is a kind of bird
B．all albatrosses have black feet
C．there are many kinds of albatrosses
D．the wings of all albatrosses are 1. 5 metres long
27．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about albatrosses
A．Their food and drink. B Their habit of eating rubbish.C. Their ability to catch their " seafood" . D. Their skills of following ships.
28．Albatrosses ____ for most of their lives.
A．swim in the sea B．fly in the air
C．stay on the seaside rocks D．rest on the water
29．The mother albatross can do all the following things EXCEPT ____.
A．dive into water
B．reach faraway places
C．stay in air in windy weather
D．give birth to one baby every year
30．Which of the following is NOT true
A．There are a lot of albatrosses in China.
B．Some albatrosses can dive 12. 5 metres.
C．Both the parents take care of their egg in turn.
D．Albatrosses can probably be found in Fujian Province.
三、语法填空
语法填空
Zhao Yafu is an old agricultural (农业的) researcher in Jiangsu Province, He spends most of the year working 　31． 　(介词) the fields.
Born in 1941, Zhao' s childhood dream was to become 　32． 　(冠词) news reporter. When he was at college, Zhao saw how hard lives were in the countryside, 　33． 　(连词) he decided to do something to help. He began to teach agricultural science to the farmers in a primary 　34． 　(school) in the village. " The villagers needed someone to help 　35． 　(they) change their minds and learn new techniques (技术)," Zhao said.
Zhao kept on 　36． 　(encourage) the farmers to use the new techniques and to plant new kinds of rice, which brought in a lot of money. As time went by, more new 　37． 　(house) and roads were built in the village. And the villagers came to understand that Zhao 　38． 　(real) wanted to help them.
Besides working in Jiangsu, Zhao and his team are also 　39． 　(active) in Western China. Since 2013, they have helped many farmers in Western China become rich.
" I saw how poor villagers used to be, and I also see how they have 　40． 　(change) over the years. I will continue with my work if my health is not too bad," said Zhao.
四、任务型阅读
任务型阅读
Five rules for a healthy life
Thanks to better health care, most people are living healthier and longer lives. It' s eventhought that in the future more and more people will celebrate their hundredth birthdays. Here are five rules for a healthy life.
①Get off the sofa!
Sure, it' s comfortable to sit on the sofa and watch TV. But doctors say you should get off the sofa. 要保持健康，你每天至少应走10,000步。In the past, people' s jobs required more physical effort. They often had to walk for miles every day. When farmers were working, they were keeping fit at the same time. Think about it: Do you get the same amount of exercise today as they did in the past
②Eat healthy food!
It' s important to eat food that is fresh and natural, for example, fruit and vegetables. Fast food is not healthy. You should only have it once in a while. Eating too much of the wrong food will harm your health.
③Rest while you can!
When we were babies, we slept for much of the night. Teenagers do not need as much sleep as babies, but it' s important for you to get about eight hours' sleep a night. At weekends, you' ve got more time, so use it not just for your friends, but for rest too.
④Don' t worry. Be happy!
Many people believe that happiness is important for our general health. Sometimes it is not easy to be a teenager because of the difficulties of school, exams or friendships. If you' re worried about something, talk to your parents or your teacher.
⑤Say no to smoking!
Yes, you knew I was going to say this! It' s so important. Smoking is not cool. It is dangerous. It harms nearly every part of your body. Think about how your family and friends will feel, and think about what it will do to your health.
41．将文中划线的汉语句子译成英语。
42．从文中找出与下面所给句子意思相近的句子。
If you eat too much of the wrong food, your health will be harmed.
43．将文中划线的英语句子译成汉语。
44．How many kinds of difficulties are mentioned in the part " ④Don' t worry. Be happy! "
45．What does the underlined word " It" in the last paragraph refer to (指)
五、书面表达
46． 假设你家有一台电脑，由你和父亲共同使用。你父亲是位公司经理，你是个中学生。请你根据下面的提示，用英语写一篇短文，介绍一下你们平时用电脑做什么，并谈谈你对玩电脑游戏的看法。
提示：
1. 你父亲经常用电脑跟顾客交谈、上网查看火车信息，等等。
2. 你在周末用电脑听音乐、看电影，但很少玩电脑游戏。
3. 你对玩电脑游戏的看法。
注意事项：
1. 短文词数：80 左右。
2. 短文必须包含以上内容，但可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3. 短文的开头部分已给出，不计入总词数。
4. 文中不得出现真实的人名和地名。
We have a computer in our home, and my father and I share it.
答案解析部分
【答案】1．B；2．C；3．A；4．A；5．B；6．C；7．C；8．B；9．A；10．C
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了王子悦为了帮助台州老家孩子们多读书而创办"流动图书馆"的暖心故事。
【点评】考查完形填空，注意词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意上下文的逻辑，并且考虑句型，语法搭配 ，语境等因素，最后通读一遍检查验证。
1．句意：对于14岁的王子悦来说，他有一种特殊的方式来度过他的假期。ommon普通的，special特殊的，secret秘密，根据后句The boy spent his holidays running a mobile library.中的running a mobile library及生活常识可推知，在假期度假的方式比较特别。故选B。
2．句意：表示王子悦是在2018年8月有建图书馆的想法。advice建议；agreement同意；idea想法， building a library是个想法，故选C。
3．句意：那时，他正在浙江台州的奶奶家度暑假。A夏天，B国庆节，C冬天，2018年8月，这个时间应是暑假，故是夏天。故选A。
4．句意：他发现镇上的许多孩子在假期里整天看电视，因为他们家里几乎没有书。修饰名词复数，许多，few，没有，none，没有，均表示否定含义，根据后文家里基本上没有几本书。可知许多孩子在假期里整天看电视，故选A。
5．句意：根据句意在2019年寒假，他选择了500多本书，然后带到镇上。lost丢失；chose选择；wrote，根据brought them back to the town，可知短期内写不出500本书，故是选出书籍。故选B。
6．句意：在外婆家，王建了一个小图书馆与其他人分享他的书。mix混淆；compare比较；share，王子悦是和镇上的孩子们一起分享他的书籍，而不再去看电视打发时间。故选C。
7．句意：他的图书馆帮助一些孩子爱上了阅读。A说，B听，C读，前面提到了王子悦建了图书馆，很明显孩子们是爱上了读书。故选C。
8．句意：在赶集的日子，他把他的手推车带到集市上，以便于更多的孩子可以读到书。sold卖；took带到；returned归还，根据 children were able to read the books，可知是带到集市去，让更多的孩子读到书。故选B。
9．句意：许多人高度赞扬王所做的事情。A高度地，B幸运地，C紧张地，前文提到王子悦4年的时间，通过自己的流动书店帮助了成百上千的孩子，所以人们对他应该是高度赞扬。故选A。
10．句意：他们说图书馆很小，但它对镇上的孩子们有很大的帮助。A所以，B或者，C但是，根据前面的small及后面的a big help可知，此空表示转折。故选C。
【答案】11．正确
12．正确
13．错误
14．正确
15．错误
【知识点】教育类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文文章讲述了办公桌上放些绿植，可以缓解人们工作中的压力。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文要注意从文中寻找答案，或需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，从而做出判断。
11．根据Luckily, a new study has found an easy way to solve the problem.可知，一项研究已经发现减少人们压力的方式。故选正确。
12．根据60 people from different jobs took part in the study. Half of them worked without any plants, while the other half worked with plants on their desks可知，60个人参加这项研究，其中30人办公桌上有绿植，30人办公桌上没有绿植。故选正确。
13．根据More than 90% of the office workers showed a lower stress level after taking only a three-minute rest to look at their plants可知，90%的办公人员在只休息三分钟看植物后表现出较低的压力水平，而不是全部的办公人员，故选错误。
14．根据This finding worked for everyone no matter how old they were and what their jobs were可知，这项研究发现适合于所有人。故选正确。
15．根据Lucky for them, our study has found out that a small green plant is as useful as a large forest.可知，一种小的绿色植物和一大片森林一样有用，而不是一种小的绿色植物比一片森林更有用，故选错误。
【答案】16．B
17．B
18．C
19．A
20．D
【知识点】社会活动类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了2023年英语演讲比赛的基本情况。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题，推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。
16．细节题。根据The competition is for all the students in our school.可知，所有的学生都可以参加这次比赛。故选B。
17．推断题。根据The registration will start on 21st October, and end on 15th November注册将于10月21日开始，11月15日结束，可知on 8th November11月8日在此期间，可以申请注册，故选B。
18．推断题。根据The lst, 2nd and 3rd place winners will separately win a schoolbag, a dictionary and a pen. All the competitors (参赛者) will get a notebook可知，第三名获得一支钢笔，外加所有参与者均可以获得一个笔记本。故选C。
19．细节题。根据 If you want more information about the competition, you can meet Mrs Wang可知，如果想了解更多有关比赛的信息，可以和Mrs Wang联系。故选A。
20．推断题。通读全文可知，此文在描述学生参与英语比赛的各项，由此可推知，此文应是学校举行英语比赛的一个通知。故选D。
【答案】21．A
22．C
23．A
24．B
25．D
【知识点】人物传记类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】文章讲述了来自山东省淄博市沂源县特殊教育学校的一名老师谢小华的故事。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题，推断题，和主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
21．推断题。根据49-year-old Xie 及She has been working at Yiyuan County Special Education School in Zibo, Shandong Province for 27 years.可知，现在谢小华49岁，她在单位工作了27年，由此推断她是22岁开始工作的。故选A。
22．细节题。根据Xie knows the difference between special education and general education. She takes care of each student according to their physical conditions可知，谢知道特殊教育和普通教育的区别，她根据每个学生的身体状况来照顾他们，包括从学习到生活起居。故选C。
23．细节题。根据 To make sure every child received the best training, she made special plans for them可知，为了让孩子们得到最好的训练，谢制定了特殊的计划。故选A。
24．细节题。根据we feel our work is valuable after seeing the students' progress, even just a little bit看到学生的进步，我们觉得自己的工作是有价值的，哪怕只是一点点，可知谢认为他们的工作是有用的和重要的。故选B。
25．主旨题。文章讲述了来自山东省淄博市沂源县特殊教育学校的一名老师谢小华的故事。小华妈妈是何时的标题。故选D。
【答案】26．C
27．A
28．B
29．D
30．B
【知识点】文学艺术类；说明文
【解析】【分析】文章介绍了折纸艺术家裴浩正的人生经历所取得的成就，以及他的作品《百花鹿》的情况。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题，推断题，主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
26．推断题。根据There are at least 12 different kinds of albatrosses信天翁至少有12种不同的种类可知，信天翁有许多种类，故选C。
27．主旨题。通读第二段可知，此段介绍了信天翁喝海水，吃鱿鱼、鱼、船上的垃圾、及俯冲海底很深去捕捉它们的"海鲜"。故选A。
28．细节题。根据Albatrosses spend most of their lives flying and can reach faraway places.可知，信天翁大部分时间都在天空飞翔。故选B。
29．推断题。根据The mother albatross lays one egg every two years可知，信天翁妈妈每两年产一个卵。D项give birth to one baby every year每年生一个孩子描述错误，排除，故选D。
30．细节题。根据and you can find them in Shandong, Taiwan and other seaside provinces of China可知，在中国是可以看到许多信天翁的，A项正确，根据地理知识可推知，福建是中国的沿海城市，D项正确；根据One kind of albatross can dive as deep as 12.5 metres可知Some albatrosses can dive 12. 5 metres有些信天翁可以下潜12.5的描述错误，不是一些，而是一种信天翁可以俯冲12.5米深；根据 The egg is taken care of by the parents in turn可知，信天翁的卵是父母轮流照顾，C项正确。故选B。
【答案】31．in；32．a；33．so；34．school；35．them；36．encouraging；37．houses；38．really；39．active；40．changed
【知识点】语法填空；人物传记类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了时代楷模赵亚夫的故事。
【点评】考查语法填空，注意谓语的时态，动名词，副词，冠词，连词搭配等多种用法。
31．句意：赵亚福是江苏省的一位老农业研究员，他大部分时间都在田间工作。spend......in doing sth，固定搭配，在某方面花费时间，in是介词，故填in。
32．句意：赵亚福 1941年出生，小时候的梦想是成为一名新闻记者。reporter是名词单数，第一次提及某人，用不定冠词，news是以辅音音素开头的单词，故用不定冠词a表示泛指一个，故填a。
33．句意：在上大学的时候，赵亚福看到了农村生活的艰辛，他决定为农村做些什么。因为Zhao saw how hard lives were in the countryside，所以e decided to do something to help，故用连词，so，所以，故填so。
34．句意：他开始在村里的一所小学里教农民农业科学。不定冠词修饰名词单数，school是可数名词，故填school。
35．句意：村民们需要有人帮助他们改变观念，学习新技术。they是主格，他们，help动词后用宾格作宾语，them，他们，是宾格，故填them。
36．句意：赵亚福一直鼓励农民使用新技术，种植新的水稻品种，这为村里带来了很多收入。encourage是动词，鼓励，keep on doing，固定搭配，持续做某事，故用动名词，故填encouraging。
37．句意：随着时间的推移，村里建起了越来越多的新房子和道路。house是名词，根据and roads，可知and前后一致，用名词复数做主语，故填houses。
38．句意：村民们开始明白，赵亚福真的想帮助他们。real是形容词，真的，副词修饰动词want，really，是副词，真地，故填really。
39．句意：除了在江苏工作外，赵亚福和他的团队在西部地区也很活跃。are系动词后用形容词作表语，active是形容词，be active in，固定搭配，在某方面积极，故填active。
40．句意：我看到了过去村民的贫穷，也看到了他们这些年的变化。只要我的身体不是很差，我会继续工作。change是动词，根据助动词have可知时态是现在完成时，故用过去分词，故填changed。
【答案】41．To keep fit, you have to walk at least 10,000 steps every day.
42．Eating too much of the wrong food will harm your health.
43．婴儿时期，我们夜里大部分时间都在睡觉。
44．Three/3.
45．Smoking.
【知识点】任务型阅读；教育类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文详细介绍了健康生活五原则。
【点评】考查任务型阅读，关键在看懂文章，然后根据题目要求作答，注意尽量用文章的语言填写答案。在文章中找不到答案时，要完全理解句子，根据同义词，句型转换的方式找到可以替换文章中的单词，短语或者句子的词。
41．为了保持健康，to keep fit，不定式做目的状语，你，you， have to+动词原形，情态动词，必须做某事，walk，走步，at least，至少，10,000 steps，10,000步，every day，每天，时间状语，故答案为To keep fit, you have to walk at least 10,000 steps every day。
42．Eating，吃，动名词做主语，too much of the wrong food，太多不健康的食物，will harm your health，一般将来时，可知用if引导条件状语从句，如果你吃太多不健康的食物，你的健康就会受到损害，时态是主将从现，如果，你，主语，吃，eat，故谓语动词用动词原形，too much of the wrong food，太多不健康的食物，will harm your health用一般将来时被动语态，your health will be harmed，语义不变，故答案为If you eat too much of the wrong food, your health will be harmed。
43．When，引导时间状语从句，当......的时候，we were babies，从句婴儿时期，we，我们，slept，睡觉，for much of the night，夜里大部分时间，故答案为婴儿时期，我们夜里大部分时间都在睡觉。
44．根据Many people believe that happiness is important for our general health. Sometimes it is not easy to be a teenager because of the difficulties of school, exams or friendships. If you' re worried about something, talk to your parents or your teacher许多人认为快乐对我们的整体健康很重要。有时，由于学校、考试或友谊的困难，青少年并不容易。如果你担心什么，和你的父母或老师谈谈，可知提到3个困难，故答案为Three/3。
45．根据 Smoking is not cool. Itis dangerous吸烟并不酷。是危险的，可知it指代smoking，故答案为Smoking。
46．【答案】One possible version:
We have a computer in our home, and my father ad I share it. My father is a manager of a company, so he often talks to his customers on the computer. He also goes on the Internet to check the times of trains, make travel plans, and buy tickets.
I listen to music or watch movies on it at weekends. But I seldom play computer games on the Internet. In my opinion, playing computer games is very funny, but it waste our time and it is also bad for our health and body.
【知识点】提纲作文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇提纲类作文，介绍一下你们平时用电脑做什么，突出介绍你父亲经常用电脑跟顾客交谈、上网查看火车信息，你在周末用电脑听音乐、看电影，但很少玩电脑游戏，对玩电脑游戏的看法并谈谈你对玩电脑游戏的看法，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要适当添加内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文。最后检查所用时态 人称是否符合要求，检查段落是否完整，句子表达是否准确，语法，拼写，标点，移行，大小写等方面是否有误。
【点评】本文结构紧凑，语言简练，要点齐全，文中a manager of，talk to，listen to，be bad for等词汇的使用，使上下文意连接紧密 ，本文还采用了丰富的句型，比如运用了In my opinion, playing computer games is very funny, but it waste our time and it is also bad for our health and body动名词做主语，大大增加了信息的容量，使文章增色不少。也更富有条理。
二一教育在线组卷平台（zujuan.21cnjy.com）自动生成 1 / 1登录二一教育在线组卷平台 助您教考全无忧
山东省聊城市2023年中考英语真题
一、完形填空
（2023·聊城） 完形填空
How did you spend your summer and winter holidays Did you travel Or did you just stay at home and watch TV As for 14-year-old Wang Ziyue, he had a 1． way to spend his holidays. The boy spent his holidays running a mobile library.
Wang got the 2． of building a library in August 2018. At that time, he was spending his 3． holiday at his grandma' s home in a town in Taizhou, Zhejiang. He found that 4． of the children in the town watched TV all day on their holiday as they hardly had any books at home. Wang wanted to help them. During the winter holiday in 2019, he 5． more than 500 books and brought them back to the town. At his grandma' s home, Wang built a small library to 6． his books with others. His library helped to make some children fall in love with 7． . But Wang didn' t stop there. He made a cart (手推车) into a mobile library. On market days, he 8． his cart to the market so that more children were able to read the books. For four years Wang has helped hundreds of children, and his library now has about 1,200 books. Many people 9． praise Wang for what he has done. They say the library is small, 10． it is a big help to children in the town.
1．A． common B． special C． secret
2．A． advice B． agreement C． idea
3．A． summer B． National Day C． winter
4．A． many B． few C． none
5．A． lost B． chose C． wrote
6．A． mix B． compare C． share
7．A． speaking B． listening C． reading
8．A． sold B． took C． returned
9．A． highly B． luckily C． nervously
10．A． so B． or C． but
【答案】1．B；2．C；3．A；4．A；5．B；6．C；7．C；8．B；9．A；10．C
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了王子悦为了帮助台州老家孩子们多读书而创办"流动图书馆"的暖心故事。
【点评】考查完形填空，注意词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意上下文的逻辑，并且考虑句型，语法搭配 ，语境等因素，最后通读一遍检查验证。
1．句意：对于14岁的王子悦来说，他有一种特殊的方式来度过他的假期。ommon普通的，special特殊的，secret秘密，根据后句The boy spent his holidays running a mobile library.中的running a mobile library及生活常识可推知，在假期度假的方式比较特别。故选B。
2．句意：表示王子悦是在2018年8月有建图书馆的想法。advice建议；agreement同意；idea想法， building a library是个想法，故选C。
3．句意：那时，他正在浙江台州的奶奶家度暑假。A夏天，B国庆节，C冬天，2018年8月，这个时间应是暑假，故是夏天。故选A。
4．句意：他发现镇上的许多孩子在假期里整天看电视，因为他们家里几乎没有书。修饰名词复数，许多，few，没有，none，没有，均表示否定含义，根据后文家里基本上没有几本书。可知许多孩子在假期里整天看电视，故选A。
5．句意：根据句意在2019年寒假，他选择了500多本书，然后带到镇上。lost丢失；chose选择；wrote，根据brought them back to the town，可知短期内写不出500本书，故是选出书籍。故选B。
6．句意：在外婆家，王建了一个小图书馆与其他人分享他的书。mix混淆；compare比较；share，王子悦是和镇上的孩子们一起分享他的书籍，而不再去看电视打发时间。故选C。
7．句意：他的图书馆帮助一些孩子爱上了阅读。A说，B听，C读，前面提到了王子悦建了图书馆，很明显孩子们是爱上了读书。故选C。
8．句意：在赶集的日子，他把他的手推车带到集市上，以便于更多的孩子可以读到书。sold卖；took带到；returned归还，根据 children were able to read the books，可知是带到集市去，让更多的孩子读到书。故选B。
9．句意：许多人高度赞扬王所做的事情。A高度地，B幸运地，C紧张地，前文提到王子悦4年的时间，通过自己的流动书店帮助了成百上千的孩子，所以人们对他应该是高度赞扬。故选A。
10．句意：他们说图书馆很小，但它对镇上的孩子们有很大的帮助。A所以，B或者，C但是，根据前面的small及后面的a big help可知，此空表示转折。故选C。
二、阅读理解
（2023·聊城） 阅读理解
We all know that people have much more stress (压力) than before. Luckily, a new study has found an easy way to solve the problem. According to the researchers of the study, small green plants on the desk can greatly reduce people' s stress.
60 people from different jobs took part in the study. Half of them worked without any plants, while the other half worked with plants on their desks. Then a standard test was used to find out their stress levels. More than 90% of the office workers showed a lower stress level after taking only a three-minute rest to look at their plants.
The study has also found that it does not matter whether people looked at their plants or only had the plants near their computers. Only if people could see green plants for about a week in their working places, their stress levels changed greatly. This finding worked for everyone no matter how old they were and what their jobs were.
" People used to go out of their houses and enjoy themselves in nature, but now they have less time to do so," one of the researchers said. , " Lucky for them, our study has found out that a small green plant is as useful as a large forest. "
11．A study has found a way to reduce people' s stress.
12．30 people worked without any plants in the study.
13．The test showed that all the office workers had a lower stress level.
14．The finding of the study worked for all the people.
15．The study shows that a green plant is more useful than a forest.
【答案】11．正确
12．正确
13．错误
14．正确
15．错误
【知识点】教育类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文文章讲述了办公桌上放些绿植，可以缓解人们工作中的压力。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文要注意从文中寻找答案，或需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，从而做出判断。
11．根据Luckily, a new study has found an easy way to solve the problem.可知，一项研究已经发现减少人们压力的方式。故选正确。
12．根据60 people from different jobs took part in the study. Half of them worked without any plants, while the other half worked with plants on their desks可知，60个人参加这项研究，其中30人办公桌上有绿植，30人办公桌上没有绿植。故选正确。
13．根据More than 90% of the office workers showed a lower stress level after taking only a three-minute rest to look at their plants可知，90%的办公人员在只休息三分钟看植物后表现出较低的压力水平，而不是全部的办公人员，故选错误。
14．根据This finding worked for everyone no matter how old they were and what their jobs were可知，这项研究发现适合于所有人。故选正确。
15．根据Lucky for them, our study has found out that a small green plant is as useful as a large forest.可知，一种小的绿色植物和一大片森林一样有用，而不是一种小的绿色植物比一片森林更有用，故选错误。
（2023·聊城）阅读理解
2023 English Speech Competition
The competition is for all the students in our school. Students from the first to sixth grade should give a speech for about 5 minutes, and students from the seventh to ninth grade should give a speech for about 8 minutes. The speech is about your dream.
●If you are interested in joining in the competition, you can meet your English teacher or Mrs Wang to register (登记).
●The registration will start on 21st October, and end on 15th November, 2023.
●The real competition will be on 10th December, 2023.
●The 1st, 2nd and 3rd place winners will separately win a schoolbag, a dictionary and a pen. All the competitors (参赛者)will get a notebook.
●If you want more information about the competition, you can meet Mrs Wang.
16．Who can join in the competition
A．All the teachers and students.
B．All the students in the school.
C．Only the students from the sixth grade.
D．Only the students from the ninth grade.
17．If a student wants to enter the competition he can register ____.
A．before 21st October B．on 8th November
C．on 16th November D．after 10th December
18．The 3rd place winner will get ____.
A．a schoolbag and a pen B．a dictionary and a pen
C．a pen and a notebook D．a dictionary and a notebook
19．Students can only ask Mrs Wang for help if they want to ____.
A．get more information
B．know what the speech is about
C．register for the competition
D．know the date of the real competition
20．The passage above can probably be found in ____.
A．a textbook B．a restaurant menu
C．a travel guide D．a school newspaper
【答案】16．B
17．B
18．C
19．A
20．D
【知识点】社会活动类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了2023年英语演讲比赛的基本情况。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题，推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。
16．细节题。根据The competition is for all the students in our school.可知，所有的学生都可以参加这次比赛。故选B。
17．推断题。根据The registration will start on 21st October, and end on 15th November注册将于10月21日开始，11月15日结束，可知on 8th November11月8日在此期间，可以申请注册，故选B。
18．推断题。根据The lst, 2nd and 3rd place winners will separately win a schoolbag, a dictionary and a pen. All the competitors (参赛者) will get a notebook可知，第三名获得一支钢笔，外加所有参与者均可以获得一个笔记本。故选C。
19．细节题。根据 If you want more information about the competition, you can meet Mrs Wang可知，如果想了解更多有关比赛的信息，可以和Mrs Wang联系。故选A。
20．推断题。通读全文可知，此文在描述学生参与英语比赛的各项，由此可推知，此文应是学校举行英语比赛的一个通知。故选D。
（2023·聊城） 阅读理解
Xie Xiaohua is a special education teacher. She has won the hearts of hundreds of children and is called Mum Xiaohua by many of them.
" It is my greatest happiness to care for them," said 49-year-old Xie. She has been working at Yiyuan County Special Education School in Zibo, Shandong Province for 27 years.
Xie knows the difference between special education and general education. She takes care of each student according to their physical conditions. And she also helps them with learning and their daily life. She used to help carry a student to restrooms, the dining hall, classrooms and the dormitory for nine years until the student graduated (毕业) from the school.
In 2003, the school set up a rehabilitation (康复) centre and Xie worked harder. To make sure every child received the best training, she made special plans for them. Then she began to teach them patiently the basic skills of taking care of themselves. She also spent lots of time training the children with hearing and speech problems. That often made her throat ache.
2015, the school started offering door-to-door education to students with physical problems. Besides Xie, there are over 30 teachers teaching and helping those students. The teachers have walked over 60, 000 kilometres over the past seven years because many students live in mountain villages.
" Although we feel tired sometimes, we feel our work is valuable after seeing the students' progress, even just a little bit," Xie said.
21．Xie Xiaohua began to work at the school at the age of ____.
A．22 B．27 C．29 D．49
22．What does Paragraph 3 (第3段) mainly tell us
A．What Xie knows.
B．How long Xie helped carry the student.
C．How Xie takes care of the students.
D．What the students' physical conditions are.
23．Xie probably ____first to help them receive the best training.
A．made some plans for the children
B．taught the children the basic skills
C．set up a rehabilitation centre for the children
D．trained the children with hearing and speech problems
24．Which of the following is true
A．Xie said the teachers always felt tired.
B．Xie thinks their work is useful and important.
C．Each teacher has walked over 60,000 kilometres.
D．The school offered door-to-door education to all the students.
25．What is the best title (题目) for the passage
A．Special students B．A famous school
C．Mountain villages D．Mum Xiaohua
【答案】21．A
22．C
23．A
24．B
25．D
【知识点】人物传记类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】文章讲述了来自山东省淄博市沂源县特殊教育学校的一名老师谢小华的故事。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题，推断题，和主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
21．推断题。根据49-year-old Xie 及She has been working at Yiyuan County Special Education School in Zibo, Shandong Province for 27 years.可知，现在谢小华49岁，她在单位工作了27年，由此推断她是22岁开始工作的。故选A。
22．细节题。根据Xie knows the difference between special education and general education. She takes care of each student according to their physical conditions可知，谢知道特殊教育和普通教育的区别，她根据每个学生的身体状况来照顾他们，包括从学习到生活起居。故选C。
23．细节题。根据 To make sure every child received the best training, she made special plans for them可知，为了让孩子们得到最好的训练，谢制定了特殊的计划。故选A。
24．细节题。根据we feel our work is valuable after seeing the students' progress, even just a little bit看到学生的进步，我们觉得自己的工作是有价值的，哪怕只是一点点，可知谢认为他们的工作是有用的和重要的。故选B。
25．主旨题。文章讲述了来自山东省淄博市沂源县特殊教育学校的一名老师谢小华的故事。小华妈妈是何时的标题。故选D。
（2023·聊城） 阅读理解
Albatross (信天翁) is not a kind of bird. It is a collection of bird families. Some of them have short tails, some have black feet and some others have large bodies and wings. There are at least 12 different kinds of albatrosses, and the largest kind has 1. 5-metre-long wings.
Like other sea birds, albatrosses drink seawater. They mainly live on squids (鱿鱼) and fish, and they sometimes follow ships to eat rubbish. Besides, they may also dive (俯冲) into water to catch their " seafood" . One kind of albatross can dive as deep as 12. 5 metres. Albatrosses spend most of their lives flying and can reach faraway places. They are also able to stay in air in windy weather for hours. Some large albatrosses have trouble keeping in air when there is no wind, and then they would rest on the water.
Most albatrosses live in the Antarctic and the North Pacific, and you can find them inShandong, Taiwan and other seaside provinces of China. They give birth to babies by laying eggs. The mother albatross lays one egg every two years. The egg is taken care of by the parents in turn.
Albatrosses are popular sea birds but their population is small. They are the first classprotected birds in China. We should try our best to protect them.
26．From Paragraph l we know that ____.
A．albatross is a kind of bird
B．all albatrosses have black feet
C．there are many kinds of albatrosses
D．the wings of all albatrosses are 1. 5 metres long
27．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about albatrosses
A．Their food and drink. B Their habit of eating rubbish.C. Their ability to catch their " seafood" . D. Their skills of following ships.
28．Albatrosses ____ for most of their lives.
A．swim in the sea B．fly in the air
C．stay on the seaside rocks D．rest on the water
29．The mother albatross can do all the following things EXCEPT ____.
A．dive into water
B．reach faraway places
C．stay in air in windy weather
D．give birth to one baby every year
30．Which of the following is NOT true
A．There are a lot of albatrosses in China.
B．Some albatrosses can dive 12. 5 metres.
C．Both the parents take care of their egg in turn.
D．Albatrosses can probably be found in Fujian Province.
【答案】26．C
27．A
28．B
29．D
30．B
【知识点】文学艺术类；说明文
【解析】【分析】文章介绍了折纸艺术家裴浩正的人生经历所取得的成就，以及他的作品《百花鹿》的情况。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题，推断题，主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
26．推断题。根据There are at least 12 different kinds of albatrosses信天翁至少有12种不同的种类可知，信天翁有许多种类，故选C。
27．主旨题。通读第二段可知，此段介绍了信天翁喝海水，吃鱿鱼、鱼、船上的垃圾、及俯冲海底很深去捕捉它们的"海鲜"。故选A。
28．细节题。根据Albatrosses spend most of their lives flying and can reach faraway places.可知，信天翁大部分时间都在天空飞翔。故选B。
29．推断题。根据The mother albatross lays one egg every two years可知，信天翁妈妈每两年产一个卵。D项give birth to one baby every year每年生一个孩子描述错误，排除，故选D。
30．细节题。根据and you can find them in Shandong, Taiwan and other seaside provinces of China可知，在中国是可以看到许多信天翁的，A项正确，根据地理知识可推知，福建是中国的沿海城市，D项正确；根据One kind of albatross can dive as deep as 12.5 metres可知Some albatrosses can dive 12. 5 metres有些信天翁可以下潜12.5的描述错误，不是一些，而是一种信天翁可以俯冲12.5米深；根据 The egg is taken care of by the parents in turn可知，信天翁的卵是父母轮流照顾，C项正确。故选B。
三、语法填空
语法填空
Zhao Yafu is an old agricultural (农业的) researcher in Jiangsu Province, He spends most of the year working 　31． 　(介词) the fields.
Born in 1941, Zhao' s childhood dream was to become 　32． 　(冠词) news reporter. When he was at college, Zhao saw how hard lives were in the countryside, 　33． 　(连词) he decided to do something to help. He began to teach agricultural science to the farmers in a primary 　34． 　(school) in the village. " The villagers needed someone to help 　35． 　(they) change their minds and learn new techniques (技术)," Zhao said.
Zhao kept on 　36． 　(encourage) the farmers to use the new techniques and to plant new kinds of rice, which brought in a lot of money. As time went by, more new 　37． 　(house) and roads were built in the village. And the villagers came to understand that Zhao 　38． 　(real) wanted to help them.
Besides working in Jiangsu, Zhao and his team are also 　39． 　(active) in Western China. Since 2013, they have helped many farmers in Western China become rich.
" I saw how poor villagers used to be, and I also see how they have 　40． 　(change) over the years. I will continue with my work if my health is not too bad," said Zhao.
【答案】31．in；32．a；33．so；34．school；35．them；36．encouraging；37．houses；38．really；39．active；40．changed
【知识点】语法填空；人物传记类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了时代楷模赵亚夫的故事。
【点评】考查语法填空，注意谓语的时态，动名词，副词，冠词，连词搭配等多种用法。
31．句意：赵亚福是江苏省的一位老农业研究员，他大部分时间都在田间工作。spend......in doing sth，固定搭配，在某方面花费时间，in是介词，故填in。
32．句意：赵亚福 1941年出生，小时候的梦想是成为一名新闻记者。reporter是名词单数，第一次提及某人，用不定冠词，news是以辅音音素开头的单词，故用不定冠词a表示泛指一个，故填a。
33．句意：在上大学的时候，赵亚福看到了农村生活的艰辛，他决定为农村做些什么。因为Zhao saw how hard lives were in the countryside，所以e decided to do something to help，故用连词，so，所以，故填so。
34．句意：他开始在村里的一所小学里教农民农业科学。不定冠词修饰名词单数，school是可数名词，故填school。
35．句意：村民们需要有人帮助他们改变观念，学习新技术。they是主格，他们，help动词后用宾格作宾语，them，他们，是宾格，故填them。
36．句意：赵亚福一直鼓励农民使用新技术，种植新的水稻品种，这为村里带来了很多收入。encourage是动词，鼓励，keep on doing，固定搭配，持续做某事，故用动名词，故填encouraging。
37．句意：随着时间的推移，村里建起了越来越多的新房子和道路。house是名词，根据and roads，可知and前后一致，用名词复数做主语，故填houses。
38．句意：村民们开始明白，赵亚福真的想帮助他们。real是形容词，真的，副词修饰动词want，really，是副词，真地，故填really。
39．句意：除了在江苏工作外，赵亚福和他的团队在西部地区也很活跃。are系动词后用形容词作表语，active是形容词，be active in，固定搭配，在某方面积极，故填active。
40．句意：我看到了过去村民的贫穷，也看到了他们这些年的变化。只要我的身体不是很差，我会继续工作。change是动词，根据助动词have可知时态是现在完成时，故用过去分词，故填changed。
四、任务型阅读
任务型阅读
Five rules for a healthy life
Thanks to better health care, most people are living healthier and longer lives. It' s eventhought that in the future more and more people will celebrate their hundredth birthdays. Here are five rules for a healthy life.
①Get off the sofa!
Sure, it' s comfortable to sit on the sofa and watch TV. But doctors say you should get off the sofa. 要保持健康，你每天至少应走10,000步。In the past, people' s jobs required more physical effort. They often had to walk for miles every day. When farmers were working, they were keeping fit at the same time. Think about it: Do you get the same amount of exercise today as they did in the past
②Eat healthy food!
It' s important to eat food that is fresh and natural, for example, fruit and vegetables. Fast food is not healthy. You should only have it once in a while. Eating too much of the wrong food will harm your health.
③Rest while you can!
When we were babies, we slept for much of the night. Teenagers do not need as much sleep as babies, but it' s important for you to get about eight hours' sleep a night. At weekends, you' ve got more time, so use it not just for your friends, but for rest too.
④Don' t worry. Be happy!
Many people believe that happiness is important for our general health. Sometimes it is not easy to be a teenager because of the difficulties of school, exams or friendships. If you' re worried about something, talk to your parents or your teacher.
⑤Say no to smoking!
Yes, you knew I was going to say this! It' s so important. Smoking is not cool. It is dangerous. It harms nearly every part of your body. Think about how your family and friends will feel, and think about what it will do to your health.
41．将文中划线的汉语句子译成英语。
42．从文中找出与下面所给句子意思相近的句子。
If you eat too much of the wrong food, your health will be harmed.
43．将文中划线的英语句子译成汉语。
44．How many kinds of difficulties are mentioned in the part " ④Don' t worry. Be happy! "
45．What does the underlined word " It" in the last paragraph refer to (指)
【答案】41．To keep fit, you have to walk at least 10,000 steps every day.
42．Eating too much of the wrong food will harm your health.
43．婴儿时期，我们夜里大部分时间都在睡觉。
44．Three/3.
45．Smoking.
【知识点】任务型阅读；教育类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文详细介绍了健康生活五原则。
【点评】考查任务型阅读，关键在看懂文章，然后根据题目要求作答，注意尽量用文章的语言填写答案。在文章中找不到答案时，要完全理解句子，根据同义词，句型转换的方式找到可以替换文章中的单词，短语或者句子的词。
41．为了保持健康，to keep fit，不定式做目的状语，你，you， have to+动词原形，情态动词，必须做某事，walk，走步，at least，至少，10,000 steps，10,000步，every day，每天，时间状语，故答案为To keep fit, you have to walk at least 10,000 steps every day。
42．Eating，吃，动名词做主语，too much of the wrong food，太多不健康的食物，will harm your health，一般将来时，可知用if引导条件状语从句，如果你吃太多不健康的食物，你的健康就会受到损害，时态是主将从现，如果，你，主语，吃，eat，故谓语动词用动词原形，too much of the wrong food，太多不健康的食物，will harm your health用一般将来时被动语态，your health will be harmed，语义不变，故答案为If you eat too much of the wrong food, your health will be harmed。
43．When，引导时间状语从句，当......的时候，we were babies，从句婴儿时期，we，我们，slept，睡觉，for much of the night，夜里大部分时间，故答案为婴儿时期，我们夜里大部分时间都在睡觉。
44．根据Many people believe that happiness is important for our general health. Sometimes it is not easy to be a teenager because of the difficulties of school, exams or friendships. If you' re worried about something, talk to your parents or your teacher许多人认为快乐对我们的整体健康很重要。有时，由于学校、考试或友谊的困难，青少年并不容易。如果你担心什么，和你的父母或老师谈谈，可知提到3个困难，故答案为Three/3。
45．根据 Smoking is not cool. Itis dangerous吸烟并不酷。是危险的，可知it指代smoking，故答案为Smoking。
五、书面表达
46． 假设你家有一台电脑，由你和父亲共同使用。你父亲是位公司经理，你是个中学生。请你根据下面的提示，用英语写一篇短文，介绍一下你们平时用电脑做什么，并谈谈你对玩电脑游戏的看法。
提示：
1. 你父亲经常用电脑跟顾客交谈、上网查看火车信息，等等。
2. 你在周末用电脑听音乐、看电影，但很少玩电脑游戏。
3. 你对玩电脑游戏的看法。
注意事项：
1. 短文词数：80 左右。
2. 短文必须包含以上内容，但可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3. 短文的开头部分已给出，不计入总词数。
4. 文中不得出现真实的人名和地名。
We have a computer in our home, and my father and I share it.
【答案】One possible version:
We have a computer in our home, and my father ad I share it. My father is a manager of a company, so he often talks to his customers on the computer. He also goes on the Internet to check the times of trains, make travel plans, and buy tickets.
I listen to music or watch movies on it at weekends. But I seldom play computer games on the Internet. In my opinion, playing computer games is very funny, but it waste our time and it is also bad for our health and body.
【知识点】提纲作文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇提纲类作文，介绍一下你们平时用电脑做什么，突出介绍你父亲经常用电脑跟顾客交谈、上网查看火车信息，你在周末用电脑听音乐、看电影，但很少玩电脑游戏，对玩电脑游戏的看法并谈谈你对玩电脑游戏的看法，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要适当添加内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文。最后检查所用时态 人称是否符合要求，检查段落是否完整，句子表达是否准确，语法，拼写，标点，移行，大小写等方面是否有误。
【点评】本文结构紧凑，语言简练，要点齐全，文中a manager of，talk to，listen to，be bad for等词汇的使用，使上下文意连接紧密 ，本文还采用了丰富的句型，比如运用了In my opinion, playing computer games is very funny, but it waste our time and it is also bad for our health and body动名词做主语，大大增加了信息的容量，使文章增色不少。也更富有条理。
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