外研版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature Understanding Ideas课时分层练（含答案）
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature Understanding Ideas课时分层练（含答案） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2023-09-04 16:29:30 | ||
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Unit 5 Revealing nature Understanding Ideas—2023-2024学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册课时分层练
【夯实基础】
知识点1名词的用法
1. The dirty classrooms are a _____(grace) to the school.
2. It was difficult to get to know the princess because she always kept everyone at a _____(distant).
3. Helping the next _____(generate) to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
知识点2固定搭配
4. Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame _____ the alarm clock.
5. It was not all right, he said, because the police suspected him _____ stealing wires.
【提升能力】
6.孩子们好像正在房间里吃东西。
The children seemed ________ ________ ________ something in the room.
7.适应大的变化从来不是件容易的事。那些适应快的人成功的可能性更大。
It is never easy to ________ ________ ________ ________ . Those who can do it faster are more likely to succeed.
8.那位专家说这座寺庙历史悠久，可追溯到初唐时期。
According to the expert, the temple has a history _______ ________ ________ the early Tang Dynasty.
9.要是这些生物不能适应变化着的环境，它们就不会在地球上存在。
If the creatures couldn't _________ _________ the changing environment, they wouldn't _________ _________ _________ on Earth.
10.我们应该响应政府的号召，节能减排。
We are supposed to _________ _________ _________ of the government to save energy and reduce emission.
【核心素养】
A
Humans: It's time to abandon Earth or race extinction.
It could be the plot of a summer blockbuster(巨片), but this prediction isn't science fiction. It's a glimpse of the future, according to famous British scientist Stephen Hawking.
"I see great dangers for the human race," he said in an interview with global forum Big Think. "There have been a number of times in the past when its survival has been a question of touch and go."
"I believe that the long-term future of the human race must be in space," he said. "It will be difficult enough to avoid disasters on planet Earth in the next hundred years, let alone the next thousand, or million."
Hawking, who was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom last year, has recently voiced many concerns about the future of life on Earth.
"If aliens visited us, the outcome would be as much as when Columbus landed in America, which didn't turn out well for the Native Americans," he said. "Such advanced aliens would perhaps become nomads(游牧者), looking to conquer(征服) and colonize whatever planets they can reach."
But Hawking says he's still hopeful for the future of humanity. He told Big Think, "We've made remarkable progress in the last hundred years. But if we want to continue beyond the next hundred years, our future is in space."
Getting to another planet will prove a challenge, not to mention colonizing it for humanity. Katherine Freese from University of Michigan told Big Think that "the nearest star to Earth is Proxima Centauri which is 4. 2 light years away. That means, if you were traveling at the speed of light the whole time, it would take 4. 2 years to get there—or about 50,000 years using current rocket science."
1. Humans are advised to abandon Earth mainly because _________.
A. aliens will take up our home planet soon B.it was discussed in the forum Big Think
C. many scientists like Hawking concern it D. many disasters will happen on the Earth
2.Thinking about the future of humans, Hawking feels that ________.
A. humans can't live on the Earth any longer B. the Earth will not be habitable for humans
C. other planets are ready for humans to reach D. aliens are the biggest future threat to humans
3.What is the writer's key point in the last paragraph
A. It is impossible to get to another planet in space.
B. It is urgent for Hawking to develop the space science.
C. The near future can't see human's move to another planet.
D. The planet Proxima Centauri is far away from the Earth.
4. This passage is most probably taken from ________.
A. a conference interview B. a science fiction
C. a history book D. a forum report
B
A biologist from the National Park Service discovered a rare and unusual mammoth(猛犸) skull (颅骨) buried in a 13,000-year-old rock layer on the Santa Rosa Island, the second largest landmass in the Channel Islands, California. The fossil of the extinct giant animal is leaving many paleontologists(古生物学家) scratching their heads. Despite the fact that it's possibly the best preserved mammoth skull ever found and of high scientific importance, the species of the individual it belonged to can't seem to be identified yet—it's too big to be a pygmy(矮小的) mammoth and too small to have come from a Columbian mammoth. Some say it's a new species while others believe the truth lies somewhere in between.
The first mammoths showed up in North America around two million years ago, but it was only during the last two ice ages that the Columbian species, which could grow to be up to 14 feet tall, made its way to the Channel Islands 100 miles west of Los Angeles. Once the ice melted, many populations became trapped on the island and evolved into pygmy mammoths, an endemic species (地方种) to the Channel Islands which grew only to six feet tall.
Judging from its size, the newly found mammoth skull doesn't seem to fit any of the two species, Columbian or pygmy. To make things even more confusing, one of its two tusks(象牙) is nearly five feet long and coiled in a manner that resembles those of fully grown mammoths but the left tusk is shorter and sloped, more like a juvenile(青少年).
This has caused some scientists to say the Santa Rose skull may belong to a transitional species. Whatever the case, a following examination of the mammoth's teeth should put the matter to rest. The analysis will also tell us how old the mammoth was when it died, so we can tell for sure whether it was an adult or a juvenile.
More interesting than the mammoth's lineage, however, might be its story. The giant mammal lived 13, 000 years ago or roughly the same timeline of the "Arlington Man", a 13,000-year-old human skeleton also found on the Santa Rosa Island. Some 3,000 years later humans were already spread throughout the continent and the Channel Islands' mammoth went extinct. The present finding might help reveal a link between the two.
The remains also seem to confirm a long-held assumption that there were two mammoth migrations to the Channel Islands. "The discovery of this mammoth skull increases the probability that there were at least two migrations of Columbian mammoths to the island: during the most recent ice age 10,000 to 30,000 years ago, as well as the previous ice age that occurred about 150,000 years ago," said USGS geologist Dan Muhs.
1. The underlined part in the first paragraph means the paleontologists feel _________.
A. excited B. confused C. anxious D. frustrated
2.Which of the following is NOT among the reasons why the newly found skull is special
A. It is possibly the best preserved mammoth skulls.
B. Its size fits neither the Columbian mammoth nor the pygmy mammoth.
C. It was found on the Santa Rose Island, California.
D. Its two tusks give out different information of the mammoth's age.
3. What can be inferred from the last three paragraphs
A. The examination of the mammoth's teeth can tell us how old it was when it died.
B. There may be a link between the extinction of mammoths and the spread of humans.
C. At least two mammoth groups migrated to the Channel Islands during different periods of time.
D. There remains no final conclusion as to how many mammoth groups migrated to the Channel Islands.
4. This passage mainly tells us the newly found mammoth skull ________.
A.is among the best preserved, but with a mysterious story
B. has aroused a debate over what species it belongs to
C.is of great scientific importance to mankind
D.is likely to confirm a former assumptions
答案以及解析
【夯实基础】
1.答案：disgrace
解析：句意:肮脏的教室是这个学校的耻辱。由前面的dirty可知,此处应用grace的反义词disgrace。
2.答案：distance
解析：句意:要了解那位公主很难,因为她总是与每个人都保持一定距离。不定冠词a后应用名词形式,构成短语keep sb.at a distance,意为“与某人保持一定距离,不接近某人”。
3.答案：generation
解析：句意:帮助下一代拥有一个健康且充满活力的童年是非常重要的,这个行业正在发挥自己的作用。next此处作形容词,修饰名词。
4.答案：on
解析：句意为：很多人认为早上起床很困难，并将责任归咎于闹钟。put the blame on sth为固定搭配，意为“将责任归咎手某事/物”。
5.答案：of
解析：句意:他说,这并不完全正确,因为警察怀疑他偷窃电线。suspect sb. of doing sth.是固定结构,意为“怀疑某人做某事”。
【提升能力】
6.答案：to be eating
7.答案：adapt to big changes
8.答案：dating back to
9.答案：adapt to, come to exist
10.答案：answer the call
【核心素养】
A
答案：1-4.DBCD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第三段中的"I see great dangers for the human race..."和第四段中的"'It will be difficult enough to avoid disasters on planet Earth in the next hundred years, let alone the next thousand, or million.'"可知,未来地球会面临许多灾难,这些灾难会严重影响人类的生活,所以科学家们建议人类放弃地球。
2.推理判断题。根据第四段中的"'It will be difficult enough to avoid disasters on planet Earth in the next hundred years, let alone the next thousand, or million.'"可知,霍金认为未来地球会面临许多灾难,这些灾难会严重影响人类的生活,地球不再是适合人类生存的居住地。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"'...if you were traveling at the speed of light the whole time, it would take 4.2 years to get there—or about 50,000 years using current rocket science.'"可知,依靠现有的科学技术到达那里还不现实,短期内不会实现。
4.推理判断题。本文讲述的是由于各种灾难和威胁,地球将不再适合人类生存,科学家建议放弃地球去其他星球居住。但目前还不现实。所以这类文章不属于会议采访、科幻小说和历史故事,应该属于论坛报告。
B
答案：1-4.BCDA
解析：语篇解读:这是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述的是新发现的猛犸象头骨的事情,古生物学家不能确定它属于哪一类。
1.解析:推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句话可知,古生物学家很难确定新发现的化石为哪一种类的猛犸象,他们因此感到很困惑。故选B项。
2.解析:推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,在这个地方以前就发现过13 000年前的人类头骨化石,所以C项并不是这次发现的化石的特别之处,其他几项才是它的特别之处。故选C项。
3.解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句话"The remains also seem to confirm a long-held assumption that there were two mammoth migrations to the Channel slands."及第二句话中的"at least two migrations of Columbian mammoths"可知,对于猛犸象究竟有几次迁移并无定论。故选D项。
4.解析:主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述的是最新发现的保存最完好的猛犸象头骨的事情。关于这个头骨,古生物学家也不能确定它究竟属于哪一类。故选A项。
2
【夯实基础】
知识点1名词的用法
1. The dirty classrooms are a _____(grace) to the school.
2. It was difficult to get to know the princess because she always kept everyone at a _____(distant).
3. Helping the next _____(generate) to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
知识点2固定搭配
4. Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame _____ the alarm clock.
5. It was not all right, he said, because the police suspected him _____ stealing wires.
【提升能力】
6.孩子们好像正在房间里吃东西。
The children seemed ________ ________ ________ something in the room.
7.适应大的变化从来不是件容易的事。那些适应快的人成功的可能性更大。
It is never easy to ________ ________ ________ ________ . Those who can do it faster are more likely to succeed.
8.那位专家说这座寺庙历史悠久，可追溯到初唐时期。
According to the expert, the temple has a history _______ ________ ________ the early Tang Dynasty.
9.要是这些生物不能适应变化着的环境，它们就不会在地球上存在。
If the creatures couldn't _________ _________ the changing environment, they wouldn't _________ _________ _________ on Earth.
10.我们应该响应政府的号召，节能减排。
We are supposed to _________ _________ _________ of the government to save energy and reduce emission.
【核心素养】
A
Humans: It's time to abandon Earth or race extinction.
It could be the plot of a summer blockbuster(巨片), but this prediction isn't science fiction. It's a glimpse of the future, according to famous British scientist Stephen Hawking.
"I see great dangers for the human race," he said in an interview with global forum Big Think. "There have been a number of times in the past when its survival has been a question of touch and go."
"I believe that the long-term future of the human race must be in space," he said. "It will be difficult enough to avoid disasters on planet Earth in the next hundred years, let alone the next thousand, or million."
Hawking, who was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom last year, has recently voiced many concerns about the future of life on Earth.
"If aliens visited us, the outcome would be as much as when Columbus landed in America, which didn't turn out well for the Native Americans," he said. "Such advanced aliens would perhaps become nomads(游牧者), looking to conquer(征服) and colonize whatever planets they can reach."
But Hawking says he's still hopeful for the future of humanity. He told Big Think, "We've made remarkable progress in the last hundred years. But if we want to continue beyond the next hundred years, our future is in space."
Getting to another planet will prove a challenge, not to mention colonizing it for humanity. Katherine Freese from University of Michigan told Big Think that "the nearest star to Earth is Proxima Centauri which is 4. 2 light years away. That means, if you were traveling at the speed of light the whole time, it would take 4. 2 years to get there—or about 50,000 years using current rocket science."
1. Humans are advised to abandon Earth mainly because _________.
A. aliens will take up our home planet soon B.it was discussed in the forum Big Think
C. many scientists like Hawking concern it D. many disasters will happen on the Earth
2.Thinking about the future of humans, Hawking feels that ________.
A. humans can't live on the Earth any longer B. the Earth will not be habitable for humans
C. other planets are ready for humans to reach D. aliens are the biggest future threat to humans
3.What is the writer's key point in the last paragraph
A. It is impossible to get to another planet in space.
B. It is urgent for Hawking to develop the space science.
C. The near future can't see human's move to another planet.
D. The planet Proxima Centauri is far away from the Earth.
4. This passage is most probably taken from ________.
A. a conference interview B. a science fiction
C. a history book D. a forum report
B
A biologist from the National Park Service discovered a rare and unusual mammoth(猛犸) skull (颅骨) buried in a 13,000-year-old rock layer on the Santa Rosa Island, the second largest landmass in the Channel Islands, California. The fossil of the extinct giant animal is leaving many paleontologists(古生物学家) scratching their heads. Despite the fact that it's possibly the best preserved mammoth skull ever found and of high scientific importance, the species of the individual it belonged to can't seem to be identified yet—it's too big to be a pygmy(矮小的) mammoth and too small to have come from a Columbian mammoth. Some say it's a new species while others believe the truth lies somewhere in between.
The first mammoths showed up in North America around two million years ago, but it was only during the last two ice ages that the Columbian species, which could grow to be up to 14 feet tall, made its way to the Channel Islands 100 miles west of Los Angeles. Once the ice melted, many populations became trapped on the island and evolved into pygmy mammoths, an endemic species (地方种) to the Channel Islands which grew only to six feet tall.
Judging from its size, the newly found mammoth skull doesn't seem to fit any of the two species, Columbian or pygmy. To make things even more confusing, one of its two tusks(象牙) is nearly five feet long and coiled in a manner that resembles those of fully grown mammoths but the left tusk is shorter and sloped, more like a juvenile(青少年).
This has caused some scientists to say the Santa Rose skull may belong to a transitional species. Whatever the case, a following examination of the mammoth's teeth should put the matter to rest. The analysis will also tell us how old the mammoth was when it died, so we can tell for sure whether it was an adult or a juvenile.
More interesting than the mammoth's lineage, however, might be its story. The giant mammal lived 13, 000 years ago or roughly the same timeline of the "Arlington Man", a 13,000-year-old human skeleton also found on the Santa Rosa Island. Some 3,000 years later humans were already spread throughout the continent and the Channel Islands' mammoth went extinct. The present finding might help reveal a link between the two.
The remains also seem to confirm a long-held assumption that there were two mammoth migrations to the Channel Islands. "The discovery of this mammoth skull increases the probability that there were at least two migrations of Columbian mammoths to the island: during the most recent ice age 10,000 to 30,000 years ago, as well as the previous ice age that occurred about 150,000 years ago," said USGS geologist Dan Muhs.
1. The underlined part in the first paragraph means the paleontologists feel _________.
A. excited B. confused C. anxious D. frustrated
2.Which of the following is NOT among the reasons why the newly found skull is special
A. It is possibly the best preserved mammoth skulls.
B. Its size fits neither the Columbian mammoth nor the pygmy mammoth.
C. It was found on the Santa Rose Island, California.
D. Its two tusks give out different information of the mammoth's age.
3. What can be inferred from the last three paragraphs
A. The examination of the mammoth's teeth can tell us how old it was when it died.
B. There may be a link between the extinction of mammoths and the spread of humans.
C. At least two mammoth groups migrated to the Channel Islands during different periods of time.
D. There remains no final conclusion as to how many mammoth groups migrated to the Channel Islands.
4. This passage mainly tells us the newly found mammoth skull ________.
A.is among the best preserved, but with a mysterious story
B. has aroused a debate over what species it belongs to
C.is of great scientific importance to mankind
D.is likely to confirm a former assumptions
答案以及解析
【夯实基础】
1.答案：disgrace
解析：句意:肮脏的教室是这个学校的耻辱。由前面的dirty可知,此处应用grace的反义词disgrace。
2.答案：distance
解析：句意:要了解那位公主很难,因为她总是与每个人都保持一定距离。不定冠词a后应用名词形式,构成短语keep sb.at a distance,意为“与某人保持一定距离,不接近某人”。
3.答案：generation
解析：句意:帮助下一代拥有一个健康且充满活力的童年是非常重要的,这个行业正在发挥自己的作用。next此处作形容词,修饰名词。
4.答案：on
解析：句意为：很多人认为早上起床很困难，并将责任归咎于闹钟。put the blame on sth为固定搭配，意为“将责任归咎手某事/物”。
5.答案：of
解析：句意:他说,这并不完全正确,因为警察怀疑他偷窃电线。suspect sb. of doing sth.是固定结构,意为“怀疑某人做某事”。
【提升能力】
6.答案：to be eating
7.答案：adapt to big changes
8.答案：dating back to
9.答案：adapt to, come to exist
10.答案：answer the call
【核心素养】
A
答案：1-4.DBCD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第三段中的"I see great dangers for the human race..."和第四段中的"'It will be difficult enough to avoid disasters on planet Earth in the next hundred years, let alone the next thousand, or million.'"可知,未来地球会面临许多灾难,这些灾难会严重影响人类的生活,所以科学家们建议人类放弃地球。
2.推理判断题。根据第四段中的"'It will be difficult enough to avoid disasters on planet Earth in the next hundred years, let alone the next thousand, or million.'"可知,霍金认为未来地球会面临许多灾难,这些灾难会严重影响人类的生活,地球不再是适合人类生存的居住地。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"'...if you were traveling at the speed of light the whole time, it would take 4.2 years to get there—or about 50,000 years using current rocket science.'"可知,依靠现有的科学技术到达那里还不现实,短期内不会实现。
4.推理判断题。本文讲述的是由于各种灾难和威胁,地球将不再适合人类生存,科学家建议放弃地球去其他星球居住。但目前还不现实。所以这类文章不属于会议采访、科幻小说和历史故事,应该属于论坛报告。
B
答案：1-4.BCDA
解析：语篇解读:这是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述的是新发现的猛犸象头骨的事情,古生物学家不能确定它属于哪一类。
1.解析:推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句话可知,古生物学家很难确定新发现的化石为哪一种类的猛犸象,他们因此感到很困惑。故选B项。
2.解析:推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,在这个地方以前就发现过13 000年前的人类头骨化石,所以C项并不是这次发现的化石的特别之处,其他几项才是它的特别之处。故选C项。
3.解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句话"The remains also seem to confirm a long-held assumption that there were two mammoth migrations to the Channel slands."及第二句话中的"at least two migrations of Columbian mammoths"可知,对于猛犸象究竟有几次迁移并无定论。故选D项。
4.解析:主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述的是最新发现的保存最完好的猛犸象头骨的事情。关于这个头骨,古生物学家也不能确定它究竟属于哪一类。故选A项。
2