外研版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature Using language课时分层练（含答案）
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| 更新时间 | 2023-09-04 16:29:57 | ||
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Unit 5 Revealing nature Using language—2023-2024学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册课时分层练
【夯实基础】
知识点1过去完成时
1. A few weeks before, I _____(start) writing my term paper.
2 .By nine o'clock last night, he _____(finish) reading 10 folk tales.
3. The technicians _____(want) to help but could not get there in time.
知识点2固定搭配
4. Rose declined _____(have) lunch with her friend, saying that she wasn't feeling well.
5. Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame _____ the alarm clock.
【提升能力】
6.PHE said it _____ _____(改进) its app so that it could mark the content of sugar, salt and fat in food and drinks.
7.If only he _____ _____ _____ _____(给手机充电) before leaving the office, but it was too late to think of that now.
8.After 12 weeks, the 54 students who completed all study requirements took the same test again to see how much knowledge they _____ _____(获得).
9.Taking a deep breath, he raised his drumsticks and began rocking and rolling, just like Grandpa _____ _____ _____(教他).
10.Before I knew it, another college degree _____ _____ _____(完成).
【核心素养】
A
Louis Pasteur was born in Dole, France on December 27, 1822. His family was poor, and during his early education Pasteur was an ordinary student who enjoyed art and singing. However, when Pasteur was exposed to science as a teenager, he knew he had found his career.
In 1838, Pasteur went to college to become a science teacher. He then became a chemistry professor at the University of Strasbourg. He got married in 1849 and had five children. However, three died young from typhoid fever(伤寒症). It was the deaths of his children that drove Pasteur to investigate the infectious disease in order to find a cure.
During Pasteur's time, people believed that bacteria(细菌) appeared due to "spontaneous generation(自然发生)". They thought that the bacteria just appeared out of nowhere. Pasteur carried out experiments to see if this was true. Through his experiments he proved that germs were living things that came from other living things. They didn't just spontaneously appear. This was a major discovery in the study of biology and earned Pasteur the title of Father of Germ Theory.
As Pasteur learned more about bacteria, he began to think they may be the cause of diseases in humans. When the French silk market was threatened by a disease to silkworms(蚕), Pasteur decided to investigate. He discovered that this disease was caused by germs. By killing them from the silkworm farms, he was able to cease the disease and save the French silk business.
Today Louis Pasteur is known as one of the most important scientists in history. His discoveries led to an understanding of bacteria and diseases that has helped save millions and millions of lives.
1. After his children's deaths, Louis Pasteur ________.
A. became afraid of infectious diseases
B. was frustrated and wanted to do nothing
C. decided to find out how to treat the disease
D. didn't know it was typhoid fever that caused their deaths
2.What is implied about Louis Pasteur's discovery in Paragraph 3
A. It supported what most people thought at that time.
B. It revealed that bacteria often appeared out of nowhere.
C. It attracted the attention of the Father of Germ Theory.
D. It was a very important discovery in the history of biology.
3. What does the underlined word "cease" in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. End. B. Find. C. Develop. D. Spread.
4. What is the text mainly about
A.A disease that killed children easily in history.
B.A great scientist in the field of biology in history.
C. Some of the most important scientists in history.
D. Some of the most important discoveries in history.
B
Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio(比率) drops to near balance at the age of maturity(成熟期), and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But this situation is being changed. Now, boy babies survive (幸存)almost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess(过多)of boys in those years when they are searching for a mate. More importantly, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (especially a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the difference is due to genes, one more agent(原动力) of evolution has gone.
There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as productive as in the past. Except in some particular areas, few women have 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have the same number of children. Again, differences between people and the chance for natural selection to take advantage of it have become smaller.
For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia(乌托邦) has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No other species fills so many places in nature. But in the past 100,000 years—even the past 100 years— our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: "they look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension". No doubt we will remember a 20th-century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however surprised our children may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.
1. What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph
A.A lack of mates. B.A fierce competition.
C.A lower survival rate. D.A poor gene.
2. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because ________.
A. life has been improved by technological advance
B. the number of female babies has been going down
C. our species has reached the highest stage of evolution
D. the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing
3.What does the underlined word "productive" most probably mean in the second paragraph
A. Useful. B. Producing babies. C. Well-educated. D. Caring.
4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. Sex ratio changes in human evolution B. Ways of continuing man's evolution
C. The evolutionary future of nature D. Human evolution going nowhere
答案以及解析
【夯实基础】
1.答案：had started
解析：句意:几个星期前我就开始写我的学期论文了。时间状语a few weeks before表明句子应用过去完成时。
2.答案：had finished
解析：句意:到昨晚9点钟,他已经读完了10个民间故事。此处指昨晚9点钟以前的事情,指“过去的过去”,故用过去完成时。
3.答案：had wanted
解析：句意:这些技术人员本想去帮忙,但是没有及时赶到那里。根据could not get there in time可知,此处表示“本想要做而未做”,故用过去完成时。
4.答案：to have
解析：句意:罗斯拒绝和她的朋友共进午餐,说她身体不舒服。decline to do sth.拒绝做某事。
5.答案：on
解析：句意为：很多人认为早上起床很困难，并将责任归咎于闹钟。put the blame on sth为固定搭配，意为“将责任归咎手某事/物”。
【提升能力】
6.答案：had improved
解析：improve发生在said之前,应用过去完成时。
7.答案：had charged his phone
解析：此处if only后用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。
8.答案：had gained
解析：gain发生在completed和took之前,应用过去完成时。
9.答案：had taught him
解析：teach发生在raised和began之前,应用过去完成时。
10.答案：had been completed
解析：complete发生在knew之前,应用过去完成时,another college degree与complete之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。
【核心素养】
A
答案：1-4.CDAB
解析：语篇解读:本文是一篇科教类文章,主要讲了历史上伟大的科学家路易·巴斯德的生平及其在细菌与疾病等方面的一些发现。
1.解析:细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的"It was the deaths of his children that drove Pasteur to investigate the infectious disease in order to find a cure. (他孩子的死亡驱使他调查这一传染病从而找到治愈的方法)"可知本题答案为C选项。
2.解析:推理判断题。根据本段最后一句"This was a major discovery in the study of biology and earned Pasteur the title of Father of Germ Theory. (这是生物学研究中的重要发现,而且使巴斯德获得了“细菌理论之父”的称号)"可知本题答案为D选项。
3.解析:词义猜测题,根据画线词后面的"save the French silk business(拯救了法国的丝绸业)”可知这里的cease意为“终止,停止”,故本题答案为A选项。
4.解析:主旨大意题。本文主要讲了历史上伟大的科学家巴斯德的生平及其在细菌与疾病等方面的一些发现,故本题答案为B选项。
B
答案：1-4.CABD
解析：语篇解读:这是说明文,短文从几个角度分析了人类停止进化的原因。
1.解析:事实细节题。第一段提到“男人从来都充满危险,新生儿男女比例大约是105:100,但到了成年,这一比例基本持平,而在70岁的老人中女性是男性的两倍”,可见男性的生存率较低,选C项。
2.解析:逻辑关系题。文中提到停止进化是在第三段第一句“对我们来说,这意味着进化已经结束”。第三段指出“在过去的10万年,甚至过去的100年中,我们的生活发生了变化,但我们的身体却没有变。我们没有进化,因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切”,机器实际上指的是技术,故本题选A项。
3.解析:词义猜测题。根据上句中的"but have fewer children"和本句"Few people are as productive as in the past."的顺承关系可知,本句的意思是“现在的人生孩子比过去少了”,故选B项。
4.解析:根据第一段最后的信息"one more agent of evolution has gone",第二段的信息"There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide"和第三段首句中的信息"this means that evolution is over"可知,本文主要讨论的是人类进化的停滞不前,故本题D项合理。
2
【夯实基础】
知识点1过去完成时
1. A few weeks before, I _____(start) writing my term paper.
2 .By nine o'clock last night, he _____(finish) reading 10 folk tales.
3. The technicians _____(want) to help but could not get there in time.
知识点2固定搭配
4. Rose declined _____(have) lunch with her friend, saying that she wasn't feeling well.
5. Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame _____ the alarm clock.
【提升能力】
6.PHE said it _____ _____(改进) its app so that it could mark the content of sugar, salt and fat in food and drinks.
7.If only he _____ _____ _____ _____(给手机充电) before leaving the office, but it was too late to think of that now.
8.After 12 weeks, the 54 students who completed all study requirements took the same test again to see how much knowledge they _____ _____(获得).
9.Taking a deep breath, he raised his drumsticks and began rocking and rolling, just like Grandpa _____ _____ _____(教他).
10.Before I knew it, another college degree _____ _____ _____(完成).
【核心素养】
A
Louis Pasteur was born in Dole, France on December 27, 1822. His family was poor, and during his early education Pasteur was an ordinary student who enjoyed art and singing. However, when Pasteur was exposed to science as a teenager, he knew he had found his career.
In 1838, Pasteur went to college to become a science teacher. He then became a chemistry professor at the University of Strasbourg. He got married in 1849 and had five children. However, three died young from typhoid fever(伤寒症). It was the deaths of his children that drove Pasteur to investigate the infectious disease in order to find a cure.
During Pasteur's time, people believed that bacteria(细菌) appeared due to "spontaneous generation(自然发生)". They thought that the bacteria just appeared out of nowhere. Pasteur carried out experiments to see if this was true. Through his experiments he proved that germs were living things that came from other living things. They didn't just spontaneously appear. This was a major discovery in the study of biology and earned Pasteur the title of Father of Germ Theory.
As Pasteur learned more about bacteria, he began to think they may be the cause of diseases in humans. When the French silk market was threatened by a disease to silkworms(蚕), Pasteur decided to investigate. He discovered that this disease was caused by germs. By killing them from the silkworm farms, he was able to cease the disease and save the French silk business.
Today Louis Pasteur is known as one of the most important scientists in history. His discoveries led to an understanding of bacteria and diseases that has helped save millions and millions of lives.
1. After his children's deaths, Louis Pasteur ________.
A. became afraid of infectious diseases
B. was frustrated and wanted to do nothing
C. decided to find out how to treat the disease
D. didn't know it was typhoid fever that caused their deaths
2.What is implied about Louis Pasteur's discovery in Paragraph 3
A. It supported what most people thought at that time.
B. It revealed that bacteria often appeared out of nowhere.
C. It attracted the attention of the Father of Germ Theory.
D. It was a very important discovery in the history of biology.
3. What does the underlined word "cease" in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. End. B. Find. C. Develop. D. Spread.
4. What is the text mainly about
A.A disease that killed children easily in history.
B.A great scientist in the field of biology in history.
C. Some of the most important scientists in history.
D. Some of the most important discoveries in history.
B
Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio(比率) drops to near balance at the age of maturity(成熟期), and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But this situation is being changed. Now, boy babies survive (幸存)almost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess(过多)of boys in those years when they are searching for a mate. More importantly, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (especially a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the difference is due to genes, one more agent(原动力) of evolution has gone.
There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as productive as in the past. Except in some particular areas, few women have 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have the same number of children. Again, differences between people and the chance for natural selection to take advantage of it have become smaller.
For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia(乌托邦) has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No other species fills so many places in nature. But in the past 100,000 years—even the past 100 years— our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: "they look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension". No doubt we will remember a 20th-century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however surprised our children may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.
1. What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph
A.A lack of mates. B.A fierce competition.
C.A lower survival rate. D.A poor gene.
2. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because ________.
A. life has been improved by technological advance
B. the number of female babies has been going down
C. our species has reached the highest stage of evolution
D. the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing
3.What does the underlined word "productive" most probably mean in the second paragraph
A. Useful. B. Producing babies. C. Well-educated. D. Caring.
4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. Sex ratio changes in human evolution B. Ways of continuing man's evolution
C. The evolutionary future of nature D. Human evolution going nowhere
答案以及解析
【夯实基础】
1.答案：had started
解析：句意:几个星期前我就开始写我的学期论文了。时间状语a few weeks before表明句子应用过去完成时。
2.答案：had finished
解析：句意:到昨晚9点钟,他已经读完了10个民间故事。此处指昨晚9点钟以前的事情,指“过去的过去”,故用过去完成时。
3.答案：had wanted
解析：句意:这些技术人员本想去帮忙,但是没有及时赶到那里。根据could not get there in time可知,此处表示“本想要做而未做”,故用过去完成时。
4.答案：to have
解析：句意:罗斯拒绝和她的朋友共进午餐,说她身体不舒服。decline to do sth.拒绝做某事。
5.答案：on
解析：句意为：很多人认为早上起床很困难，并将责任归咎于闹钟。put the blame on sth为固定搭配，意为“将责任归咎手某事/物”。
【提升能力】
6.答案：had improved
解析：improve发生在said之前,应用过去完成时。
7.答案：had charged his phone
解析：此处if only后用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。
8.答案：had gained
解析：gain发生在completed和took之前,应用过去完成时。
9.答案：had taught him
解析：teach发生在raised和began之前,应用过去完成时。
10.答案：had been completed
解析：complete发生在knew之前,应用过去完成时,another college degree与complete之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。
【核心素养】
A
答案：1-4.CDAB
解析：语篇解读:本文是一篇科教类文章,主要讲了历史上伟大的科学家路易·巴斯德的生平及其在细菌与疾病等方面的一些发现。
1.解析:细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的"It was the deaths of his children that drove Pasteur to investigate the infectious disease in order to find a cure. (他孩子的死亡驱使他调查这一传染病从而找到治愈的方法)"可知本题答案为C选项。
2.解析:推理判断题。根据本段最后一句"This was a major discovery in the study of biology and earned Pasteur the title of Father of Germ Theory. (这是生物学研究中的重要发现,而且使巴斯德获得了“细菌理论之父”的称号)"可知本题答案为D选项。
3.解析:词义猜测题,根据画线词后面的"save the French silk business(拯救了法国的丝绸业)”可知这里的cease意为“终止,停止”,故本题答案为A选项。
4.解析:主旨大意题。本文主要讲了历史上伟大的科学家巴斯德的生平及其在细菌与疾病等方面的一些发现,故本题答案为B选项。
B
答案：1-4.CABD
解析：语篇解读:这是说明文,短文从几个角度分析了人类停止进化的原因。
1.解析:事实细节题。第一段提到“男人从来都充满危险,新生儿男女比例大约是105:100,但到了成年,这一比例基本持平,而在70岁的老人中女性是男性的两倍”,可见男性的生存率较低,选C项。
2.解析:逻辑关系题。文中提到停止进化是在第三段第一句“对我们来说,这意味着进化已经结束”。第三段指出“在过去的10万年,甚至过去的100年中,我们的生活发生了变化,但我们的身体却没有变。我们没有进化,因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切”,机器实际上指的是技术,故本题选A项。
3.解析:词义猜测题。根据上句中的"but have fewer children"和本句"Few people are as productive as in the past."的顺承关系可知,本句的意思是“现在的人生孩子比过去少了”,故选B项。
4.解析:根据第一段最后的信息"one more agent of evolution has gone",第二段的信息"There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide"和第三段首句中的信息"this means that evolution is over"可知,本文主要讨论的是人类进化的停滞不前,故本题D项合理。
2