外研版（2019）必修 第二册Unit 6 Earth first Developing Ideas课时分层练（含答案）
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）必修 第二册Unit 6 Earth first Developing Ideas课时分层练（含答案） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2023-09-04 16:30:25 | ||
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Unit 6 Earth first Developing Ideas—2023-2024学年高一英语外研版（2019）必修第二册课时分层练
【夯实基础】
知识点1 不定式的用法
1. The government started a campaign to save electricity and urged people _____ (do) their part.
2. It is very embarrassing for many young single men and women when their parents urge them _________ (marry) as soon as possible.
知识点2 固定搭配
3. Others are _____ (concern) about the planting methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers.
4. The revolutionists of the older generation made great _________ (contribute) to our country's struggle for the independence.
5. The _________ (major) of the residents chose to stay at home rather than go out to travel during the Spring Festival due to the wide spread of the virus.
【提升能力】
6. Sharks don't _____ (把......作为目标) humans.
7. The _____ (大多数) of people interviewed prefer TV to radio.
8. Floods and _____ (旱灾) affect the water supply downstream.
9. We hear the car accident ______ (discuss).
10. ______ (reduce) daily food waste by just 5% could save millions of people from starvation.
【核心素养】
A
The effects of noise can reach organisms (生物) without ears. Because of the way living things rely on each other, noise pollution may actually stop some forests from growing, a new study suggests. In an area of New Mexico woodland of pine trees, researchers found far fewer tree seedlings(幼苗) in noisy sites than they did in quiet ones.
The study area is dotted with gas wells, some of which are quiet and some of which have compressors(压缩机) that create constant noise. This allowed Jennifer Phillips, a behavioral ecologist at Texas A & M University-San Antonio, and her colleagues to compare sites that were similar except for the noise level. In areas that had been noisy for at least 15 years, the researchers found only about13 pine seedlings, compared with 55 pine seedlings per hectare(公顷) in quiet areas.
The differences in plant growth were probably caused by changes in animal behavior, said Phillips. For example, noise might drive away certain pollinators(传花粉者) such as bees, bats and moths. In the case of pine trees, the problem was likely a lack of animals to disperse seeds. Pines depend on birds to carry their seeds away from the parent tree, and birds are known to avoid noise. The differences between the two sites aren't yet obvious to someone walking through them, said Sarah Termondt, a botanist(植物学家) with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service who helped conduct the study. That's probably because pines are slow-growing, with most of the mature trees in such woodlands being over a century old.
The study raises questions about the future of the area. If the noise stays there in the long term, are we going to lose this important ecosystem of the pine which supports so much wildlife " said Phillips. The study was published today in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society.
1. What does the new study focus on
A. The influence of noise pollution on plants.
B. The way organisms receive noise.
C. The damage of noise pollution to insects.
D. The effects of noise pollution on humans.
2. What can be learned from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3
A. Gas wells dotted around the area supply favorable conditions to the study.
B. The study sites are different in many ways including their noise level.
C. It is difficult for plants to live without noise and animals.
D. People can easily find the difference between the noisy and the quiet sites.
3. What does the underlined word "mature" in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Seedling. B. Thin. C. Full-grown. D. Tall.
4. What does Phillips mean by saying the words in the last paragraph
A. Fortunately, noise pollution is a trouble that can be avoided.
B. Noise pollution could be a threat with the power to change ecosystems.
C. The pine forest is important because it affects so much wildlife.
D. Wildlife should be well protected for the future of this area.
Several days of unusually warm weather in northern Greenland have caused rapid melting(融化). "Temperatures have been running around 15.5℃. It is warmer than normal for this time of year," scientists said. The amount of ice that melted in Greenland between July 15 and July 17 alone-6 billion tons of water per day—would be enough to fill 7.2 million Olympic-sized swimming pools, according to the report from the US National Snow and Ice Data Center. To put it another way, it was enough to cover the whole state of West Virginia with a foot of water.
For the scientists out on the ice sheet(冰盖), the warmth has been alarming. "It really makes me anxious," said Kutalmis Saylam, a scientist who is now working in Greenland. "Yesterday, we could hang about in our T-shirts, which was not really expected. Since Greenland holds enough ice, sea level would rise by 7.5 meters around the world if ice all melted."
In 2020, scientists found that Greenland's ice sheet had melted beyond the point of no return. "No efforts to prevent global warming can stop it from finally breaking into small parts," said researchers.
Aslak Grinsted, a climate scientist, said that they were trying to get flights into the camp so that they could ship out the ice cores(冰芯) they had collected. But the warmth is destabilizing the landing site. The weather we are seeing right now is too hot for the ski-equipped planes to land," Grinsted said. "So we store the ice cores in large caves we have made into the snow to protect it from the heat of the summer." Scientists made use of the abnormal warmth while they were waiting, playing volleyball in their shorts on an ice sheet at the top of the world.
Grinsted referred to the temperatures as a heat wave, and noted that the possibility of temperatures getting this hot was clearly connected to global warming.
1. How does the author support the topic of Paragraph 1
A. By exploring reasons. B. By making comparisons.
C. By designing the numbers. D. By doing some experiments.
2. What did Kutalmis mean in Paragraph 2
A. He disliked wearing a T-shirt.
B. He was concerned about the warmth.
C. He was deeply impressed by the ice.
D. He was thirsty for enjoying the sea view.
3. What does the underlined word "destabilizing" mean in Paragraph 4
A. Quitting. B. Removing. C. Sheltering. D. Destroying.
4. What will the author probably do in the following paragraph
A. Recommend visiting Greenland.
B. Describe how to ship out the ice core.
C. Call on people to protect the environment.
D. Plan to organize a sports meeting on ice.
答案以及解析
【夯实基础】
答案以及解析
1.答案：to do
解析：考查动词不定式。句意:政府发起了一个节约用电的活动,并敦促人们履行职责。urge sb. to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“力劝/敦促某人做某事”。故填to do。
2.答案：to marry
解析：考查不定式。句意：对于许多年轻的单身男女来说，当他们的父母催促他们尽快结婚时是很尴尬的。urge sb. to do sth.意为“力劝某人做某事，敦促某人做某事”，故本空应用不定式作宾语补足语。
3.答案：concerned
解析：句意: 其他人担心这些需要更少水和更少肥料的种植方法。be concerned about担心。
4.答案：contributions
解析： 考查名词。形容词great后应用名词，且contribution意为“贡献”时为可数名词，故用其复数形式。make contributions to意为“为……做出贡献”。
5.答案：majority
解析：考查名词。句意:由于病毒的广泛传播,春节期间大部分居民都选择待在家里而不是外出旅游。the majority of...意为“大多数……”,故本空应用名词majority“多数,大多数(人或物)”。
【提升能力】
6.答案：target
解析：句意: 鲨鱼不把人作为目标。
7.答案：majority
解析：本题考查词汇短语的语境运用; majority名词, 大多数; the majority of大多数; 故答案是majority。
8.答案：droughts
解析：句意: 洪水和旱灾对下游的水供应有影响。
9.答案：being discussed
解析：句意: 我们听见那个交通事故正在被人们讨论。此句为"hear+宾语+宾语补足语"的结构, 设空处填being discussed作宾语补足语, 表示正在进行的被动动作。
10.答案：Reducing
解析：所给词为动词, 作主语需用其动名词形式, 故填Reducing。
【核心素养】
A
答案：1-4 AACB
1.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study area is dotted with gas wells...compressors(压缩机) that create constant noise.”可知,研究区域布满了天然气井,有些天然气井很安静,有些天然气井配有会持续产生噪音的压缩机。再结合第二段第二句“This allowed Jennifer Phillips...and her colleagues to compare sites that were similar except for the noise level.”可知前边所说的情况使研究人员能够控制变量,以便对不同区域进行噪音影响的对比。此句中的This指的是前边所说的该区域的环境条件。由此可知,该地区的天然气井星罗棋布,使得噪音情况有所区别,为研究提供了有利条件。故选A。
2.答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“most of the mature trees in such woodlands being over a century old”可知,这里的“mature trees”大部分是有百年树龄的树,也就是“长成的”树。所以画线词的意思是“长成的,成熟的”。故选C。
3.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中菲利普斯说的话“If the noise stays there in the long term, are we going to lose this important ecosystem of the pine which supports so much wildlife (如果噪音长期存在,我们会失去这个重要的、支撑着如此多的野生动物的松木生态系统吗 )”可知,菲利普斯对该系统中的噪音问题很担忧,由此推知,最后一段中菲利普斯说的话的意思是噪音污染可能会成为改变生态系统的威胁。故选B。
4.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。文章第一段讲到“Temperatures have been running around 15.5℃. It is warmer than normal for this time of year(气温一直在15.5℃左右。今年这个时候比正常情况要暖和)”可知作者通过比较气温来支持第一段的主题,故选B。
B
答案：1-3 BDC
1.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“For the scientists out on the ice sheet(冰盖), the warmth has been alarming. ‘It really makes me anxious,’ said Kutalmis Saylam(对于冰盖上的科学家来说,这种温暖令人担忧。‘这真的让我很焦虑。’ Kutalmis Saylam说)”可知,第二段中Kutalmis的意思是他很担心变暖这件事。故选B。
2.答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段画线词后文的“The weather we are seeing right now is too hot for the ski-equipped planes to land(我们现在看到的天气太热,装有滑雪装备的飞机无法降落)”可知,飞机无法降落的原因是上文提到的“But the warmth is destabilizing the landing site.”,由此可推测这种温暖影响了着陆地点,D项(破坏)符合语境,故选D。
3.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。本文主要介绍了格陵兰岛北部连续几天异常温暖的天气导致冰川快速融化,文章最后一段讲到Grinsted将这种异常的高温称为热浪,并指出温度升高显然与全球变暖有关。由此可推测作者在下一段中可能会呼吁人们保护环境,故选C
2
【夯实基础】
知识点1 不定式的用法
1. The government started a campaign to save electricity and urged people _____ (do) their part.
2. It is very embarrassing for many young single men and women when their parents urge them _________ (marry) as soon as possible.
知识点2 固定搭配
3. Others are _____ (concern) about the planting methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers.
4. The revolutionists of the older generation made great _________ (contribute) to our country's struggle for the independence.
5. The _________ (major) of the residents chose to stay at home rather than go out to travel during the Spring Festival due to the wide spread of the virus.
【提升能力】
6. Sharks don't _____ (把......作为目标) humans.
7. The _____ (大多数) of people interviewed prefer TV to radio.
8. Floods and _____ (旱灾) affect the water supply downstream.
9. We hear the car accident ______ (discuss).
10. ______ (reduce) daily food waste by just 5% could save millions of people from starvation.
【核心素养】
A
The effects of noise can reach organisms (生物) without ears. Because of the way living things rely on each other, noise pollution may actually stop some forests from growing, a new study suggests. In an area of New Mexico woodland of pine trees, researchers found far fewer tree seedlings(幼苗) in noisy sites than they did in quiet ones.
The study area is dotted with gas wells, some of which are quiet and some of which have compressors(压缩机) that create constant noise. This allowed Jennifer Phillips, a behavioral ecologist at Texas A & M University-San Antonio, and her colleagues to compare sites that were similar except for the noise level. In areas that had been noisy for at least 15 years, the researchers found only about13 pine seedlings, compared with 55 pine seedlings per hectare(公顷) in quiet areas.
The differences in plant growth were probably caused by changes in animal behavior, said Phillips. For example, noise might drive away certain pollinators(传花粉者) such as bees, bats and moths. In the case of pine trees, the problem was likely a lack of animals to disperse seeds. Pines depend on birds to carry their seeds away from the parent tree, and birds are known to avoid noise. The differences between the two sites aren't yet obvious to someone walking through them, said Sarah Termondt, a botanist(植物学家) with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service who helped conduct the study. That's probably because pines are slow-growing, with most of the mature trees in such woodlands being over a century old.
The study raises questions about the future of the area. If the noise stays there in the long term, are we going to lose this important ecosystem of the pine which supports so much wildlife " said Phillips. The study was published today in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society.
1. What does the new study focus on
A. The influence of noise pollution on plants.
B. The way organisms receive noise.
C. The damage of noise pollution to insects.
D. The effects of noise pollution on humans.
2. What can be learned from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3
A. Gas wells dotted around the area supply favorable conditions to the study.
B. The study sites are different in many ways including their noise level.
C. It is difficult for plants to live without noise and animals.
D. People can easily find the difference between the noisy and the quiet sites.
3. What does the underlined word "mature" in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Seedling. B. Thin. C. Full-grown. D. Tall.
4. What does Phillips mean by saying the words in the last paragraph
A. Fortunately, noise pollution is a trouble that can be avoided.
B. Noise pollution could be a threat with the power to change ecosystems.
C. The pine forest is important because it affects so much wildlife.
D. Wildlife should be well protected for the future of this area.
Several days of unusually warm weather in northern Greenland have caused rapid melting(融化). "Temperatures have been running around 15.5℃. It is warmer than normal for this time of year," scientists said. The amount of ice that melted in Greenland between July 15 and July 17 alone-6 billion tons of water per day—would be enough to fill 7.2 million Olympic-sized swimming pools, according to the report from the US National Snow and Ice Data Center. To put it another way, it was enough to cover the whole state of West Virginia with a foot of water.
For the scientists out on the ice sheet(冰盖), the warmth has been alarming. "It really makes me anxious," said Kutalmis Saylam, a scientist who is now working in Greenland. "Yesterday, we could hang about in our T-shirts, which was not really expected. Since Greenland holds enough ice, sea level would rise by 7.5 meters around the world if ice all melted."
In 2020, scientists found that Greenland's ice sheet had melted beyond the point of no return. "No efforts to prevent global warming can stop it from finally breaking into small parts," said researchers.
Aslak Grinsted, a climate scientist, said that they were trying to get flights into the camp so that they could ship out the ice cores(冰芯) they had collected. But the warmth is destabilizing the landing site. The weather we are seeing right now is too hot for the ski-equipped planes to land," Grinsted said. "So we store the ice cores in large caves we have made into the snow to protect it from the heat of the summer." Scientists made use of the abnormal warmth while they were waiting, playing volleyball in their shorts on an ice sheet at the top of the world.
Grinsted referred to the temperatures as a heat wave, and noted that the possibility of temperatures getting this hot was clearly connected to global warming.
1. How does the author support the topic of Paragraph 1
A. By exploring reasons. B. By making comparisons.
C. By designing the numbers. D. By doing some experiments.
2. What did Kutalmis mean in Paragraph 2
A. He disliked wearing a T-shirt.
B. He was concerned about the warmth.
C. He was deeply impressed by the ice.
D. He was thirsty for enjoying the sea view.
3. What does the underlined word "destabilizing" mean in Paragraph 4
A. Quitting. B. Removing. C. Sheltering. D. Destroying.
4. What will the author probably do in the following paragraph
A. Recommend visiting Greenland.
B. Describe how to ship out the ice core.
C. Call on people to protect the environment.
D. Plan to organize a sports meeting on ice.
答案以及解析
【夯实基础】
答案以及解析
1.答案：to do
解析：考查动词不定式。句意:政府发起了一个节约用电的活动,并敦促人们履行职责。urge sb. to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“力劝/敦促某人做某事”。故填to do。
2.答案：to marry
解析：考查不定式。句意：对于许多年轻的单身男女来说，当他们的父母催促他们尽快结婚时是很尴尬的。urge sb. to do sth.意为“力劝某人做某事，敦促某人做某事”，故本空应用不定式作宾语补足语。
3.答案：concerned
解析：句意: 其他人担心这些需要更少水和更少肥料的种植方法。be concerned about担心。
4.答案：contributions
解析： 考查名词。形容词great后应用名词，且contribution意为“贡献”时为可数名词，故用其复数形式。make contributions to意为“为……做出贡献”。
5.答案：majority
解析：考查名词。句意:由于病毒的广泛传播,春节期间大部分居民都选择待在家里而不是外出旅游。the majority of...意为“大多数……”,故本空应用名词majority“多数,大多数(人或物)”。
【提升能力】
6.答案：target
解析：句意: 鲨鱼不把人作为目标。
7.答案：majority
解析：本题考查词汇短语的语境运用; majority名词, 大多数; the majority of大多数; 故答案是majority。
8.答案：droughts
解析：句意: 洪水和旱灾对下游的水供应有影响。
9.答案：being discussed
解析：句意: 我们听见那个交通事故正在被人们讨论。此句为"hear+宾语+宾语补足语"的结构, 设空处填being discussed作宾语补足语, 表示正在进行的被动动作。
10.答案：Reducing
解析：所给词为动词, 作主语需用其动名词形式, 故填Reducing。
【核心素养】
A
答案：1-4 AACB
1.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study area is dotted with gas wells...compressors(压缩机) that create constant noise.”可知,研究区域布满了天然气井,有些天然气井很安静,有些天然气井配有会持续产生噪音的压缩机。再结合第二段第二句“This allowed Jennifer Phillips...and her colleagues to compare sites that were similar except for the noise level.”可知前边所说的情况使研究人员能够控制变量,以便对不同区域进行噪音影响的对比。此句中的This指的是前边所说的该区域的环境条件。由此可知,该地区的天然气井星罗棋布,使得噪音情况有所区别,为研究提供了有利条件。故选A。
2.答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“most of the mature trees in such woodlands being over a century old”可知,这里的“mature trees”大部分是有百年树龄的树,也就是“长成的”树。所以画线词的意思是“长成的,成熟的”。故选C。
3.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中菲利普斯说的话“If the noise stays there in the long term, are we going to lose this important ecosystem of the pine which supports so much wildlife (如果噪音长期存在,我们会失去这个重要的、支撑着如此多的野生动物的松木生态系统吗 )”可知,菲利普斯对该系统中的噪音问题很担忧,由此推知,最后一段中菲利普斯说的话的意思是噪音污染可能会成为改变生态系统的威胁。故选B。
4.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。文章第一段讲到“Temperatures have been running around 15.5℃. It is warmer than normal for this time of year(气温一直在15.5℃左右。今年这个时候比正常情况要暖和)”可知作者通过比较气温来支持第一段的主题,故选B。
B
答案：1-3 BDC
1.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“For the scientists out on the ice sheet(冰盖), the warmth has been alarming. ‘It really makes me anxious,’ said Kutalmis Saylam(对于冰盖上的科学家来说,这种温暖令人担忧。‘这真的让我很焦虑。’ Kutalmis Saylam说)”可知,第二段中Kutalmis的意思是他很担心变暖这件事。故选B。
2.答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段画线词后文的“The weather we are seeing right now is too hot for the ski-equipped planes to land(我们现在看到的天气太热,装有滑雪装备的飞机无法降落)”可知,飞机无法降落的原因是上文提到的“But the warmth is destabilizing the landing site.”,由此可推测这种温暖影响了着陆地点,D项(破坏)符合语境,故选D。
3.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。本文主要介绍了格陵兰岛北部连续几天异常温暖的天气导致冰川快速融化,文章最后一段讲到Grinsted将这种异常的高温称为热浪,并指出温度升高显然与全球变暖有关。由此可推测作者在下一段中可能会呼吁人们保护环境,故选C
2