外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 6 Survival Developing ideas课时分层练（含答案）
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 6 Survival Developing ideas课时分层练（含答案） |  | |
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Unit 6 Survival Developing ideas—2023-2024学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册课时分层练
【夯实基础】
知识点1固定搭配
1. He wanted to go out and found that his father was standing _____ his way.
2. Consumer spending on sports-related items amounted _____ $9.75 billion.
3. You can stroll along Qintai Road to get a taste _____ the old city.
知识点2一般过去时
4. He _____(wipe) the tables, then sat down and turned on the TV.
知识点3过去完成时的被动语态
5. He told the inhabitants that the date of the meeting _____(advance) from Friday to Monday.
【提升能力】
6.我们的机器人已经探索了火星表面,并且检测土壤,搜寻资源、水和生命迹象。
① Our robots have explored the Martian surface, _______ the soil and _______ for resources, water and signs of life. (非谓语动词)
② Our robots have explored the Martian surface, _______ tested the soil and searched for resources, water and signs of life. (非限制性定语从句)
7.早在20世纪80年代,科学家就在亚利桑那沙漠构建生物圈2号。
① ______ early ______ the 1980s, scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert.
② ______ back ______ the 1980s, scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert. (非谓语动词)
8.即使第一批定居者确实安全到达了火星,他们可能从此再也无法返回地球。
① And ______________ if the first settlers do reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return to Earth. (让步状语从句)
② ______________ whether the first settlers reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return to Earth. (让步状语从句)
9.毫无疑问,火星吸引着人类。
① ____________ is no doubt ____________ humankind is drawn towards Mars. (同位语从句)
② ____________ is not doubted ____________ humankind is drawn towards Mars. (主语从句)
10.近些年的发现激励着多国航天局着手前往火星的载人飞行任务。
①______________ by discoveries over the years, space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars. (非谓语动词)
② Space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars, ______________ they ______________ by discoveries over the years. (原因状语从句)
【核心素养】
A
The sound that woke Damian Languell at 8:15 in the morning was so loud that he assumed it came from inside his house in Wade, Maine. As he got up to investigate, he heard another sound, this one coming most definitely from outside. Looking out of his bedroom window, he noticed a tree enveloped in smoke about 500 yards away. A car wrapped around the tree’s base, its engine on fire.
Grabbing buckets of water, he and his wife ran to the crash site. Up close, the accident looked worse. The car was split nearly in two, and the tree was where the driver's seat ought to have been, as if planted there. No one should have survived this crash, and yet there was 20-year-old Quintin Thompson, his terrified face pressed against the driver's side window, in visible pain.
Languell tried putting out the fire with his buckets of water but failed. When the flames got into the front seats, he knew he had to get the young man out. So Languell opened the car's back door and climbed in. Using a pocket knife he'd brought with him, he cut through Thompson's seat belt. Now that Thompson was free, Languell pulled him out, and dragged him to safety before the entire car was in flames.
It is empathy that drove Languell to help, just as he said, "My heart goes out to Thompson. When you are that close to that level of hurt, you feel it so directly." For his heroic action, Languell was added to the list of real-life heroes changing the world.
1. Where was the first sound actually from
A. house on fire. B. A car crash.
C. The bedroom window. D. The basement.
2. What do we know about Quintin Thompson
A. He saved his car from fire.
B. He was successfully rescued.
C. He remained calm all the time.
D. He was capable of helping himself out.
3. Which of the following best explains "empathy" underlined in the last paragraph
A. Honesty. B. Wisdom. C. Sympathy. D. Responsibility.
4. Which words can best describe Damian Languell
A. Daring and generous.
B. Caring and grateful.
C. Courageous and noble.
D. Ambitious and reliable.
B
If humans ever hope to live on the Mars, the settlers will need to produce a series of organic compounds (有机化合物), from fuels to drugs, which are too expensive to ship from Earth.
Chemists from the University of California, Berkeley, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have a plan for that.
For the past eight years, the researchers have been working on a system combining bacteria(细菌) and nanowires(纳米线) that can catch the energy of sunlight to change carbon dioxide (CO2) and water into building blocks for organic things. Nano wires are thin wires about one-hundredth the width of a human hair, used as electronic parts, and also as solar cells.
"On Mars, about 96% of the atmosphere is CO2. Basically, all you need is these nanowires to take in the solar energy and pass it on to these bacteria to do the chemistry for you," said the project leader Peidong Yang, a professor of chemistry and S.K. and Angela Chan Distinguished Chair in Energy at the University of California, Berkeley. "For a deep space task, you care about the weight, and biological systems have the advantage that they self-reproduce; You don't need to send a lot. That's why this version is highly attractive."
"The only other requirement, besides sunlight, is water, which on Mars is relatively more than enough in the polar ice caps and likely lies frozen underground over most of the planet," said Yang.
It works like photosynthesis (光合作用), which plants naturally employ to change CO2 and water into carbon compounds, mostly sugar and carbohydrates. Plants, however, have a quite low efficiency (效率), usually changing less than one-half percent of solar energy into carbon compounds. Yang's system is comparable to the plant that best changes CO2 to sugar, which is 4% ~5% efficient.
1. What is the function of the new biological system
A. Reducing air pollution on Mars.
B. Carrying many organic things to Mars.
C. Helping to produce organic compounds on Mars.
D. Making building blocks without sunlight.
2. Why is the self-reproduction possible on Mars
A. There's plenty of CO2, water and sunlight on Mars.
B. Mars is much easier to land than other planets.
C. Spaceship technology has developed a lot.
D. Lots of oxygen is found on Mars.
3. What can we learn about Yang's system according to the last paragraph
A. It doesn't need carbon dioxide and water.
B. It can be replaced by plants in space.
C. Its efficiency is higher than natural photosynthesis'.
D. It functions based on rules different from photosynthesis.
4. In which part of a newspaper may this text appear
A. Life. B. Science. C. Health. D. Education.
答案以及解析
【夯实基础】
1.答案：in
解析：句意:他想出去,却发现父亲挡了他的路。In one's way挡某人的路。
2.答案：to
解析：句意:消费者在体育相关项目上的支出达97.5亿美元。amount to总计。
3.答案：for
解析：句意:你可以沿着琴台路漫步,感受一下古城的风情。get a taste for体验;领略。
4.答案：wiped
解析：句意:他擦了擦桌子,然后坐下来打开了电视。分析句子结构可知,then, and连接并列动作,故填过去式。
5.答案：had been advanced
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意:他告诉居民们会议日期已经从星期五提前到星期一。advance意为“提前”。根据句意和结构可知这里用过去完成时的被动语态。
【提升能力】
6.答案：①testing, searching ②which
解析：①非谓语动词作伴随状语。
②which引导非限制性定语从句。
7.答案：①As, as ②Dating, to
解析：①早达……
②追溯到，回溯到。
8.答案：①even ②No matter
解析：①引导让步状语从句。
②引导让步状语从句。
9.答案：①There, that ②It, that
解析：①本句that引导doubt的同位语从句。
②本句it作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。
10.答案：①Encouraged ②because, are encouraged
解析：①非谓语动词引导原因状语从句。
②because 引导原因状语从句。
【核心素养】
A
答案：1-4 BBCC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段中前两句和第一段最后一句可知第一个声音是来自发生车祸的汽车。故选B。
2.推理判断题。根据文章第三段中最后一句可知昆廷·汤普森被成功地救了出来。故选B。
3.词义猜测题。根据文章第四段划线单词所在句子可知"empathy"是同情心的意思，指的是人们常说的将心比心的做法。故选C。
4.推理判断题。根据全文可知Damian Languell勇敢救出因事故着火汽车中的乘客。他勇敢而高尚。故选C。
B
答案：1-4.CACB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知,人类若想在火星上生活,移民者需要生产一系列的有机化合物,从燃料到药物,它们从地球上运送过去会很昂贵。根据第三段可知,研究人员在研究一种新的系统,该系统可以捕捉阳光的能量,将二氧化碳(CO2)和水转化为有机物质的构成要素。综合分析,新生物系统的功能是帮助在火星上生产有机化合物。A项“减少火星上的空气污染”、B项“把许多有机物带到火星”和D项“不用阳光就能制造出有机物质的构成要素”都不是新生物系统的作用。故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容和第五段"The only other requirement, besides sunlight, is water, which on Mars is relatively more than enough in the polar ice caps and likely lies frozen underground over most of the planet," said Yang.可知,火星上存在着大量的二氧化碳,水和阳光让其自己生产有机物质成为可能。B项“火星比其他星球更容易登陆”和C项“太空技术已经有了很大发展”不是让火星自己生产有机物质成为可能的原因;D项“在火星上发现了大量氧气”不符合文章内容。故选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的Plants, however, have a quite low... which is 4%~5% efficient.(然而,植物的效率相当低,通常将不到0.5%的太阳能转化为碳化合物。杨的系统可与将二氧化碳转化为糖类效果最好的植物相媲美,其效率为4%~5%。)可知,杨的系统的效率比自然光合作用要高。A项“它不需要二氧化碳和水”、B项“它可以被太空植物代替”和D项“它基于不同于光合作用的规律起作用”均不符合文章内容。故选C项。
4.推理判断题。本篇文章主要介绍了可以在火星上自己生产有机化合物的新系统。文章分析了它运转的可能性以及它的优点。故本文应取材于报纸的“科学”部分。A项“生活”、C项“健康”和D项“教育”都不包括这样专业的科技内容。故选B项。
2
【夯实基础】
知识点1固定搭配
1. He wanted to go out and found that his father was standing _____ his way.
2. Consumer spending on sports-related items amounted _____ $9.75 billion.
3. You can stroll along Qintai Road to get a taste _____ the old city.
知识点2一般过去时
4. He _____(wipe) the tables, then sat down and turned on the TV.
知识点3过去完成时的被动语态
5. He told the inhabitants that the date of the meeting _____(advance) from Friday to Monday.
【提升能力】
6.我们的机器人已经探索了火星表面,并且检测土壤,搜寻资源、水和生命迹象。
① Our robots have explored the Martian surface, _______ the soil and _______ for resources, water and signs of life. (非谓语动词)
② Our robots have explored the Martian surface, _______ tested the soil and searched for resources, water and signs of life. (非限制性定语从句)
7.早在20世纪80年代,科学家就在亚利桑那沙漠构建生物圈2号。
① ______ early ______ the 1980s, scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert.
② ______ back ______ the 1980s, scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert. (非谓语动词)
8.即使第一批定居者确实安全到达了火星,他们可能从此再也无法返回地球。
① And ______________ if the first settlers do reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return to Earth. (让步状语从句)
② ______________ whether the first settlers reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return to Earth. (让步状语从句)
9.毫无疑问,火星吸引着人类。
① ____________ is no doubt ____________ humankind is drawn towards Mars. (同位语从句)
② ____________ is not doubted ____________ humankind is drawn towards Mars. (主语从句)
10.近些年的发现激励着多国航天局着手前往火星的载人飞行任务。
①______________ by discoveries over the years, space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars. (非谓语动词)
② Space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars, ______________ they ______________ by discoveries over the years. (原因状语从句)
【核心素养】
A
The sound that woke Damian Languell at 8:15 in the morning was so loud that he assumed it came from inside his house in Wade, Maine. As he got up to investigate, he heard another sound, this one coming most definitely from outside. Looking out of his bedroom window, he noticed a tree enveloped in smoke about 500 yards away. A car wrapped around the tree’s base, its engine on fire.
Grabbing buckets of water, he and his wife ran to the crash site. Up close, the accident looked worse. The car was split nearly in two, and the tree was where the driver's seat ought to have been, as if planted there. No one should have survived this crash, and yet there was 20-year-old Quintin Thompson, his terrified face pressed against the driver's side window, in visible pain.
Languell tried putting out the fire with his buckets of water but failed. When the flames got into the front seats, he knew he had to get the young man out. So Languell opened the car's back door and climbed in. Using a pocket knife he'd brought with him, he cut through Thompson's seat belt. Now that Thompson was free, Languell pulled him out, and dragged him to safety before the entire car was in flames.
It is empathy that drove Languell to help, just as he said, "My heart goes out to Thompson. When you are that close to that level of hurt, you feel it so directly." For his heroic action, Languell was added to the list of real-life heroes changing the world.
1. Where was the first sound actually from
A. house on fire. B. A car crash.
C. The bedroom window. D. The basement.
2. What do we know about Quintin Thompson
A. He saved his car from fire.
B. He was successfully rescued.
C. He remained calm all the time.
D. He was capable of helping himself out.
3. Which of the following best explains "empathy" underlined in the last paragraph
A. Honesty. B. Wisdom. C. Sympathy. D. Responsibility.
4. Which words can best describe Damian Languell
A. Daring and generous.
B. Caring and grateful.
C. Courageous and noble.
D. Ambitious and reliable.
B
If humans ever hope to live on the Mars, the settlers will need to produce a series of organic compounds (有机化合物), from fuels to drugs, which are too expensive to ship from Earth.
Chemists from the University of California, Berkeley, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have a plan for that.
For the past eight years, the researchers have been working on a system combining bacteria(细菌) and nanowires(纳米线) that can catch the energy of sunlight to change carbon dioxide (CO2) and water into building blocks for organic things. Nano wires are thin wires about one-hundredth the width of a human hair, used as electronic parts, and also as solar cells.
"On Mars, about 96% of the atmosphere is CO2. Basically, all you need is these nanowires to take in the solar energy and pass it on to these bacteria to do the chemistry for you," said the project leader Peidong Yang, a professor of chemistry and S.K. and Angela Chan Distinguished Chair in Energy at the University of California, Berkeley. "For a deep space task, you care about the weight, and biological systems have the advantage that they self-reproduce; You don't need to send a lot. That's why this version is highly attractive."
"The only other requirement, besides sunlight, is water, which on Mars is relatively more than enough in the polar ice caps and likely lies frozen underground over most of the planet," said Yang.
It works like photosynthesis (光合作用), which plants naturally employ to change CO2 and water into carbon compounds, mostly sugar and carbohydrates. Plants, however, have a quite low efficiency (效率), usually changing less than one-half percent of solar energy into carbon compounds. Yang's system is comparable to the plant that best changes CO2 to sugar, which is 4% ~5% efficient.
1. What is the function of the new biological system
A. Reducing air pollution on Mars.
B. Carrying many organic things to Mars.
C. Helping to produce organic compounds on Mars.
D. Making building blocks without sunlight.
2. Why is the self-reproduction possible on Mars
A. There's plenty of CO2, water and sunlight on Mars.
B. Mars is much easier to land than other planets.
C. Spaceship technology has developed a lot.
D. Lots of oxygen is found on Mars.
3. What can we learn about Yang's system according to the last paragraph
A. It doesn't need carbon dioxide and water.
B. It can be replaced by plants in space.
C. Its efficiency is higher than natural photosynthesis'.
D. It functions based on rules different from photosynthesis.
4. In which part of a newspaper may this text appear
A. Life. B. Science. C. Health. D. Education.
答案以及解析
【夯实基础】
1.答案：in
解析：句意:他想出去,却发现父亲挡了他的路。In one's way挡某人的路。
2.答案：to
解析：句意:消费者在体育相关项目上的支出达97.5亿美元。amount to总计。
3.答案：for
解析：句意:你可以沿着琴台路漫步,感受一下古城的风情。get a taste for体验;领略。
4.答案：wiped
解析：句意:他擦了擦桌子,然后坐下来打开了电视。分析句子结构可知,then, and连接并列动作,故填过去式。
5.答案：had been advanced
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意:他告诉居民们会议日期已经从星期五提前到星期一。advance意为“提前”。根据句意和结构可知这里用过去完成时的被动语态。
【提升能力】
6.答案：①testing, searching ②which
解析：①非谓语动词作伴随状语。
②which引导非限制性定语从句。
7.答案：①As, as ②Dating, to
解析：①早达……
②追溯到，回溯到。
8.答案：①even ②No matter
解析：①引导让步状语从句。
②引导让步状语从句。
9.答案：①There, that ②It, that
解析：①本句that引导doubt的同位语从句。
②本句it作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。
10.答案：①Encouraged ②because, are encouraged
解析：①非谓语动词引导原因状语从句。
②because 引导原因状语从句。
【核心素养】
A
答案：1-4 BBCC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段中前两句和第一段最后一句可知第一个声音是来自发生车祸的汽车。故选B。
2.推理判断题。根据文章第三段中最后一句可知昆廷·汤普森被成功地救了出来。故选B。
3.词义猜测题。根据文章第四段划线单词所在句子可知"empathy"是同情心的意思，指的是人们常说的将心比心的做法。故选C。
4.推理判断题。根据全文可知Damian Languell勇敢救出因事故着火汽车中的乘客。他勇敢而高尚。故选C。
B
答案：1-4.CACB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知,人类若想在火星上生活,移民者需要生产一系列的有机化合物,从燃料到药物,它们从地球上运送过去会很昂贵。根据第三段可知,研究人员在研究一种新的系统,该系统可以捕捉阳光的能量,将二氧化碳(CO2)和水转化为有机物质的构成要素。综合分析,新生物系统的功能是帮助在火星上生产有机化合物。A项“减少火星上的空气污染”、B项“把许多有机物带到火星”和D项“不用阳光就能制造出有机物质的构成要素”都不是新生物系统的作用。故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容和第五段"The only other requirement, besides sunlight, is water, which on Mars is relatively more than enough in the polar ice caps and likely lies frozen underground over most of the planet," said Yang.可知,火星上存在着大量的二氧化碳,水和阳光让其自己生产有机物质成为可能。B项“火星比其他星球更容易登陆”和C项“太空技术已经有了很大发展”不是让火星自己生产有机物质成为可能的原因;D项“在火星上发现了大量氧气”不符合文章内容。故选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的Plants, however, have a quite low... which is 4%~5% efficient.(然而,植物的效率相当低,通常将不到0.5%的太阳能转化为碳化合物。杨的系统可与将二氧化碳转化为糖类效果最好的植物相媲美,其效率为4%~5%。)可知,杨的系统的效率比自然光合作用要高。A项“它不需要二氧化碳和水”、B项“它可以被太空植物代替”和D项“它基于不同于光合作用的规律起作用”均不符合文章内容。故选C项。
4.推理判断题。本篇文章主要介绍了可以在火星上自己生产有机化合物的新系统。文章分析了它运转的可能性以及它的优点。故本文应取材于报纸的“科学”部分。A项“生活”、C项“健康”和D项“教育”都不包括这样专业的科技内容。故选B项。
2