9B Unit2 Great people 知识点讲解

9BUnit2知识点讲解
Comic(P20-P21)
1.Who do you think is the greatest person in history 你认为谁是历史上最伟大的人？
do you think 是该疑问句中的插入词语
What do you think we should do to protect the environment
2.I’ve never heard of him.
hear of 听说，得知 常接人或事物
heard about听说，得知 后常接事情类的名词
hear from 收到某人的来信 get a letter from sb/ receive a letter from sb
3. He is an inventor.发明家 发明物______________
Printing ______________________the Chinese. 印刷术是中国人先发明的。
他创造了1000多个发明。__________________________________________.
动词变名词(人)① 常见+er runner, swimmer, shopper,
②+or visitor, survivor,actor, director,collector
③+ist artist, pianist, scientist
4.change the way we live 改变我们生活的方式
5. Asia Africa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Europe America Italy Russia England France
Asian African ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )European American Italian Russian English French
Germany China Japan Australia
German Chinese Japanese Australian
Reading.(P22-25)
1.He became intereste ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d in flying when he took his first flight at the age of six.
当他6岁第一次乘飞机时就对飞行产生了兴趣.
①become interested in 对….感兴趣. become可换为be/get,主语通常是人.
Eg. He becomes interested in science.他对科学感兴趣.
我对足球感兴趣己经有好几年了.
I ________________________________ for a few years.
同义词组: have /show/take (an) interest in
② flight “(飞机的) 空中航行,航程; 班机;飞行 飞翔
某人第一次乘飞机 __________________________
We met _______________from London to Paris.我们在从伦敦到巴黎的飞行途中相遇了
③ at the age of 在…岁时,相当于when 引导的时间状语从句.
They began to learn English at the age of 8,
=They began to learn English ___________________. 他们8岁时开始学英语.
2.He received his student pilot’s licence when he was 16.
他16岁时拿到了他的飞机学员执照
receive作动词,意为”收到,接收”.
I received a lot of cards and presents on my birthday.
★receive与 accept 的区别:
Receive只表示被动地收到,但不一定接受; accept常表示主动接受
Eg. She has _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )___________ his present, but she will not ______________it.
3.Armstrong joined ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the navy in 1949 and served as a pilot for three years.
阿姆斯特朗于1949年加入美国海军, 他做了3年飞行员
join 参加, 主要指加入某个组织(如军队,党派, 社团, 协会等), 成为其中一员.
Please __________ and be one of those people! 请加入我们,成为这些人中的一员!
join 是短暂性动词,不能跟段时间状语连用.如跟段时间状语可改成 be in / be a member of …
He joined the ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )my two years ago. = He________________________ for two years.
= He_________________________ for two years.
辩析join, join in 与take part in 的区别:
join 多指参加某个组织.团体等
I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.我永远也忘不了入党的那一天.
join in 通常指参加某种活动,尤其指和其他人一起参加某项活动.我们可以用join sb. in sth/ doing sth.
I hope you’ll all join in the discussion. 我希望你们大家都参加讨论.
Would you like to join me in a walk 你愿意和我一起去散步吗
take part in 指参加群众性活动等, 往往指参加者持有积极的态度并起到一定的作用,可与join in 互换.
Will you take part in the English evening
serve 作vi. 意为”服役”;还可以vt.表示”服务,招待”.后跟人作宾语. 意为”为……服务＂名词形式是service.
They can ______________ in a better way.(招待你）
Thank you for _________________.(你的服务）
4.In 1966, he went into space as command pilot of Gemini 8.
１９６６年，　他作为＂双子座８号＂宇宙飞船的飞行指挥进入太空．
　space 作不可数名词，　意为＂空间，太空＂
　Eg . ______________, our earth looks like a beautiful huge blue ball.
从太空上看，　我们的地球像一个美丽的巨大的蓝色的球．
　　　There isn’ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t ______________ in my room for the piano. 我的房间没有足够的空间放钢琴．
5.He and Dav ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )id Scott managed to join two spacecraft together for the first time in space.
他和大卫.斯科特成功地将两艘宇宙飞船在太空中首次交会对接.
manage to do sth. 设法做某事
Eg. I __________________, but the show had been over.我好不容易赶到那里,但演出已经结束了
辨析mange to do sth.与try to do sth.
manage to do sth.设法 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )做成某事.强调结果”成功完成”; 而try to do sth.尽力做某事,强调动作,不知道此事能否做成.
How could he manage to get away from the prison. 他怎么设法从监狱里逃走的呢
Simon __________________________. 西蒙尽力完成了这项工作.
6.However, on the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ir way back to the Earth, the spacecraft began spinning out of control. 但是, 在他们返回地球的途中, 宇宙飞船开始快速旋转, 失去控制.
on one’s way to …在某人去……路上. 当后接表示地点的副词时,要省去to
When I saw them , they were on their way to the cinema.
Don’t worry. They are ___________________.(去哪里的路上）。
out of control 失去控制,无法管理.
The machine was out of control.
常见的词组: beyond control 难以控制 under control 被控制的
7.Armstrong received ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the order to cut the flight short. 阿姆斯特朗接到缩短航程的命令.
order 作名词,意为”命令,指挥,要求,”,”顺序, 订单”
He had no choice but to __________________. 他别无选择只好服从命令.
We often answer the questions _____________. 我们常常按照这个顺序回答问题.
The factory has r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eceived ________________ for 2000 machine tools 工厂收到了一张2000张机床的订货单
他使一切都井然有序。He_____________________________________________.
order 作动词, 意为”命令;订货; 点菜.”
The police ordered him to stand up
More and more people like ordering things on the internet.
cut …short “缩短”
He cut short his holiday to deal with the problem.
常见词组: cut down 砍倒;削减 cut in 插嘴,插队
cut off 切断, 隔断 cut out 剪去, 关掉
8.Together with Buz ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )z Aldrin, he landed the spacecraft Apollo 11 on the Moon.
他和巴兹.奥尔德林一起将阿波罗11号宇宙飞船降落在月球上.
together with 意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为”与… 一起, 连同” 位置比较灵活, 可以放在句首, 句中,句尾或主语后,但谓语动词的单复数形式要与主语保持一致.
The teacher together with some students ___________the factory.（正在参观）
I have some problems working together with her.
★ together 用作副词, 意为”一起,共同,同时,在一起/到一起”
They always go home together every day. 他们总是每天一起回家.
They will arrive together. 他们将同时到达.
I’ll get all my thi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ngs together tonight because I want go leave early tomorrow.
今晚我会反我所有的东西放在一起, 因为我想明天提早离开.
Land 动词, 意为”登陆,使着陆;”
The plane ____________________at last. 飞机最后安全着陆了.
也可作不可数名词, 意为”陆地, 地面”
We don’t know how man ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y people there are living ________________. 我们不知道有多少人生活在这片土地上.
9.They collect ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed Moon rocks to take back to the Earth for further research.
人们采集了月球岩石带回地球作进一步研究.
take back 带回, 拿回. back 是副词, 当宾语为代词时,位于中间
She took them back to the boat.
further 更多的, 更进一步地. 是far的比较级.
For ________________________, write to the above address.欲知详情,请按上面的地址致函询问.
farther 与further
两者都是far的比较级.但用法不完全 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )相同. Farther 表示距离上更远, 凡是能用farther的地方, further也能用; further 除了有更远讲之外还可以表示抽象意义的”更远,更进一步, 更深入” 而farther 不能这样用.
They pushed the boat _____________ into the water. 他们把船又往水里推远了些.
Most students choos ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e to go to college for ________________. 大多数学生选择上大学继续深造.
10.He was the pride of the whole world. 他是全世界的骄傲.
pride 名词, 意为”骄傲, 可引以为豪的人/物.
the pride of …..意为”… 的骄傲”
take pride in 以…为自豪.
You are _________________ us now, and we will ___________________in the future. 现在你是我们的骄傲, 将来我们会为你感到自豪.
be proud of “以… 为自豪,” proud 是pride的形容词.
11.What did Armstrong mean by his famous words… 阿姆斯特朗的名言…是什么意思
What did/does/do… ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mean by… …什么意思 相当于what did /does/do …mean 或 what’s the meaning of…
你那样说是什么意思 _________________________________________
Grammar(P26-28)
A一般现在时　
1．概念、句式结构以及常用的时间状语
（1）概念：一般现在时主要表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，也可表示现在的情况或状态以及永恒的真理。
I like apples.我喜欢苹果。
He often goes to school late.
他经常上学迟到。
（2）句式结构（肯定句）有以下两种：
句式结构 例句
be（am/is/are）＋表语 Bob is a doctor.鲍勃是一名医生。
实义动词作谓语 She likes eating chocolate.她喜欢吃巧克力。
（3）常用的时间状语有：always，usually，often，every day等。
I usually go to school on foot.
我通常步行去上学。
.一般现在时的用法
（1）表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表频率的时间状语连用。
My mother often goes shopping on weekends.
我妈妈经常在周末去购物。
（2）描述现在的情况、状态等。
Tom is ill.汤姆生病了。
（3）描述客观真理、客观存在或科学事实等。
Light travels faster than sound.
光比声音传播得快。
（4）在含时间状语从句或条件状语从句的复合句中，若主句用一般将来时，则从句用一般现在时表示将来。
I'll ring you up if Tom comes back tomorrow.
如果汤姆明天回来，我就给你打电话。
现在进行时
1．概念、句式结构以及常见的时态标志词
（1）概念：现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。
Jim is watching TV.吉姆正在看电视。
（2）句式结构：主语＋am（is，are）＋现在分词
Ann is singing.安正在唱歌。
（3）常见的时态标志词：now，at the moment，look，listen等。
Look！She is dancing.看！她正在跳舞。
2.现在进行时的用法
（1）表示目前正在进行的动作。
Nick is having lunch.
尼克正在吃午饭。
（2）与always，usually，forever等词连用，表示说话者的赞扬、厌恶或不满等情绪。
He is always helping others.
他总是帮助别人。
（3）一些表示位置移动的动词，如go，come，leave，fly，arrive 等，常用现在进行时表示即将发生的动作。
I'm leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
我打算明天离开去北京。
B　一般过去时　
1．概念、句式结构以及常用的时间状语
（1）概念：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
His dog died yesterday.昨天他的狗死了。
（2）句式结构（肯定句）有以下两种：
句式结构 例句
be（was/were）＋表语 Bill wasn't at home last night.比尔昨晚不在家。
实义动词过去式作谓语 Jim went swimming yesterday.吉姆昨天去游泳了。
（3）常用的时间状语有：yesterd ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ay（昨天），the day before yesterday（前天），last week（上星期），two days ago（两天前），just now（刚才）,the other day,in1999,in the past等。
Ann went to Shanghai last week.
上周安去上海了。
2.一般过去时的用法
（1）表示过去发生或过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
Bill visited the Great Wall yesterday.
比尔昨天游览了长城。
Lucy went to the hospital once a week last year.
去年露西每周去医院一次。
（2）用于虚拟条件句中，表示与现在事实相反的情况。
If I were you，I would take a small present.
如果我是你的话，我就带上一件小礼物。
　
过去进行时　
1．概念、句式结构以及常用的时间状语
（1）概念：表示在过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。
I was watching TV at 8：00 last night.
昨天晚上八点我正在看电视。
（2）句式结构：主语＋was（were）＋现在分词
当主语为第一、三人称单数时，用was，其余用were。
Bill was playing basketball when I saw him.
当我看见比尔的时候，他正在打篮球。
（3）常用的时间状语有：at nine ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o'clock last night（昨天晚上九点），at that time（那时），at that moment（当时），this time yesterday（昨天的这个时候），from 8：00 to 9：00 last night（昨晚8：00到9：00）以及when，while引导的时间状语从句等。
Jim was having supper at this time yesterday.
昨天这个时候吉姆正在吃晚饭。
C　现在完成时　
1．概念以及句式结构
（1）概念：现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，还表示动作从过去某时开始，一直持续到现在，并有可能持续下去。
I have had lunch.
我已经吃了午饭了。（影响是不饿了）
（2）句式结构：主语＋have/has＋过去分词
Bill has gone to Beijing.比尔去北京了。（不在这里了）
2．现在完成时的用法和常用的时间状语
（1）表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，常与already，yet，ever等连用。
She has already finished the work.
她已经完成了工作。
（2）表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到现在，并有可能持续下去，常与“for＋时间段”或“since＋表过去的时间点或一般过去时的句子”连用，此时句中的动词必须是延续性动词。
I have lived in Beijing for 10 years.
我已经住在北京十年了。
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
两种时态除结构、句式和搭配的时间状语不同之外，最重要的就是意义不同。试比较：
He has lived here since 1972.
自1972年起他就一直住在这儿。（对现在的影响是他还住在这儿）
He lived here in 1972.
在1972年他住在这儿。（并没有说明他现在是否还住在这儿）
Integrated skills------Task
1.married a French scientist called Pierre Curie in 1895
(1)marry 既可以做及物动词，也可以作为不及物动词，常见用法
marry sb 嫁给某人，与……结婚
Mary married John last week.
be/get married to sb 与某人结婚
Jane ___________________________a doctor last Sunday.
marry sb to sb 父母把女儿嫁给某人 或 为儿子娶媳妇
Mr Green married her daughter to a businessman.
marry 做不及物动词时，往往用副词或介词短语来修饰。
She married very early.
marry和get married ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 都是非延续性动词，因此不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，表示结婚已有一段时间应用have/has been married
They _________________________________ for 5 years.
(2)scientist 名词，科学家， science 名词 科学 scientific 形容词 科学的
He is a famous __________________.
He is interested in ________________.
I think that is a __________________ way.
2.won the Nobel Prize twice during her lifetime
during 介词，在……期间 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )During the three months he asked a lot of questions.
lifetime 名词，终生， 在某人一生中 __________________________
The doctor saved many people’s lives during his lifetime.
3. famous for ：the discovery of radium
①discovery 名词 发现，被发现的事物
Scientists have made some important ______________________.
②discover 动词， 发现
Who __________________________ America
③be famous for 因……而出名 be known for
Guilin is famous for its beautiful scenery.
be famous as 作为……而出名
He is famous as a great inventor.
4.Pierre was not th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ere to share the joy with her—he died in a traffic accident in 1905.
share…with 与…分享…
Li Ming shared an apple with his brother.
5.I admired him the most.
admire 动词，钦佩，赞赏 后接名词或代词做宾语
He is a winner in the competition. So I admired him very much.
admire sb for (doing) sth
I admired him for his honesty.
6.It was brave ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of him to go to a place that was unknown to humans at that time.
It’s + adj +of sb to do sth 某人做某事… adj是描述行为者的性格、品质的词。
It’s nice of you to help me so much.
It’s + adj +for sb to do sth 做某事对于某人来说……adj是描述事物特征的词。
It’s important for us to learn English well.
unknown 形容词 未知的，不出名的
He was______________________ one year ago.(不为人知的画家）
7.She pushed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )for the use of X-ray machines, which are not widely in hospitals.
①widely, 副词，广泛地，普遍地
English is widely used in many fields.
②wide, 形容词，宽的，宽阔的
The river is 10 meters wide.
③wide, 副词，主要表示“张大、睁大”到最大程度
Open your eyes wide.
8.saw people die of hunger,so began research into hybrid rice
①die of “死于”,常指死于疾病，衰老等自身的原因。
die of hunger/heart disease/cancer
②若死因不是人体的内在原因，而是由环境造成（主要是事故等方面的外部原因）用die from
die from an earthquake/a traffic accident/a ligntning
9.happened to find a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )natural hybrid rice plant that had many advantages over others
happen to do sth 碰巧做某事
我碰巧坐在她旁边。I _________________________________.
10.this new type of hybrid rice was introduced into the USA
be introduced into.... 被传入到……被引进到……
茶叶是从亚洲传入到欧洲__________________________________.
11.his achievements ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve increased rice production by 20%—30%,and in some places even more
increase“增长，增加”可作及物或不及物动词。还可作名词。
The population of this town has increased.
increase by 和increase to 的区别
①increase by+倍数或百分数表示增加了...倍或百分之....
②increase to +具体的增长后的数字表示增加到了...