模块2 Unit 4 Cyberspace全单元课件

课件43张PPT。Module 2
Unit 4 Lesson 2
Websites
课型：听力课人大附中翠微学校 谭松柏教材分析：
本课是听力技能课, 共有两段听力材料，第一段材料是了解因特网的历史和发展，学会预测和在听力过程中抓关键词、理解细节，学会提取、处理关键信息，猜测词汇，实施听力策略，并能根据所提取的信息进行再加工和自主表达。第二段材料，关注功能用语及句子重音，学会使用功能用语打电话建议周末活动安排。学情分析电脑及网络是目前中学生经常接触和非常感兴趣的事物，绝大多数学生常用互联网，发送邮件，或查找资料，但对电脑和网络发展的历史了解不是很全。
词汇：
重点词汇： scientific, nuclear, network military, project
相关词汇： the Pentagon, update, championship, ancient, marathon, footwear, sportswear, boutique, accommodation, archaeological
词语搭配： link…into, destroy /use the network, continue doing, share ideas, get information, for fun, a nuclear war本课词汇学习的任务不太重，建议在听中通过上下文或构词法来猜测词义。理解大意后，要引导学生关注听力材料中的词语搭配和短语动词，培养学生在语境中猜词的能力和关注词语搭配的意识。使学生能够：
听懂提取、处理有关因特网发展中的主要信息；
简单介绍因特网发展的情况；
在英文网站上找到所需信息。
理解并运用打电话及表达建议的功能用语；教学目标WebsitesUnit 4 Lesson 2World
Wide
Web www.google.com
www.sina.com
www.baidu.com
www.rdfz.cn
www.bbc.co.uk
Do you often surf the Internet?
What do you normally do online?
What else can we do on the Internet?
Searching for information
Reading news
Email
Shopping
Playing games
Searching for jobs
Chatting with friends
Watching movies
Listening to music
Blog
…Page 10: Ex. 4Which website can you visit to do these things?Find out what’s going on in your town
Look for a job
Find out world news
Get information for a school history project
Write to your friends by e-mail
Buy clothesScanning: do not read everything, focus on the key information Look for a jobFind out what’s going on in your townANCIENT CIVILISATIONS
Ancient civilisationsGet information for a school history projectBuy clothesJackets footwear sportswearWrite to your friends by e-mailHI Debbie,
How are you getting on?
How about the cinema on Friday?
And do you fancy going to the dance on Saturday night?
Get in touch. Love Lottie>Find out world newsHow much do you know about the history of the Internet?Brainstorming Prediction1.Why did the Net begin?
For military reasons
For scientific reasons
For business reasons
2.What year did it start in?
1959
1969
1979
3.When did people start calling it the “Internet”?
The 1980s
The early 1990s
The late 1990s
4.when did the Internet start to grow very fast?
The late 1980s
The mid-1990s
The late 1990sListen and check your prediction1st listening 1.Why did the Net begin?
For military reasons
For scientific reasons
For business reasons
2.What year did it start in?
1959
1969
1979
3.When did people start calling it the “Internet”?
The 1980s
The early 1990s
The late 1990s
4.when did the Internet start to grow very fast?
The late 1980s
The mid-1990s
The late 1990sListen and check your prediction1st listening 1.Why did the Net begin?
For military reasons
For scientific reasons
For business reasons
2.What year did it start in?
1959
1969
1979
3.When did people start calling it the “Internet”?
The 1980s
The early 1990s
The late 1990s
4.when did the Internet start to grow very fast?
The late 1980s
The mid-1990s
The late 1990sWhy did the Net begin?
For military reasons
For scientific reasons
For business reasons
A. For military reasonsWhat year did it start in?
1959
1969
1979
B.1969When did people start calling it the “Internet”?
The 1980s
The early 1990s
The late 1990s
The 1980swhen did the Internet start to grow very fast?
The late 1980s
The mid-1990s
The late 1990s
B. The mid-1990sMilitary trainingnetworkInternetNuclear
bombListen and fill the blanksThe Internet was started by the 1 . As they were worried about communications after a 2 , the Pentagon made a big decision to link computers into a 3 so that if one part of the network was destroyed, other parts could 4 working. Scientists and people in universities started to use the Internet to 5 . They use the network for work and for fun. In the 1980s, people started calling it the Internet. And it was in the mid-1990s that the Internet really began to 6 . Now it is important for 7 , email, playing games and 8 .Note: you don’t have to write down everything while listening, use short forms!Listen and fill the blanksThe Internet was started by the 1 . As they were worried about communications after a 2 , the Pentagon made a big decision to link computers into a 3 so that if one part of the network was destroyed, other parts could 4 working. Scientists and people in universities started to use the Internet to 5 . They use the network for work and for fun. In the 1980s, people started calling it the Internet. And it was in the mid-1990s that the Internet really began to 6 . Now it is important for 7 , email, playing games and 8 .Note: you don’t have to write down everything while listening, use short forms!The Internet was started by the 1 military. As they were worried about communications after a 2 nuclear war , the Pentagon made a big decision to link computers into a 3 network so that if one part of the network was destroyed, other parts could 4 continue working. Scientists and people in universities started to use the Internet to 5 share ideas. They use the network for work and for fun. In the 1980s, people started calling it the Internet. And it was in the mid-1990s that the Internet really began to 6 grow fast. Now it is important for 7 entertainment, email, playing games and 8 getting information.Questions and answersWhat were the Pentagon worried about?
Why did they think of linking computers?
Why did people in universities use network?
Presenter: Welcome to “Future Now”. Today we are going to discuss the Internet with Dr Jennifer May from Manchester University. Dr May, how did the Internet begin?
Dr May: well, it’s strange but the Internet was started by the military. In the 1960s the Pentagon were worried about communications after a nuclear war. And in 1969 they thought of linking computers into a network so that if one part of the network was destroyed, other parts could continue working.
Presenter: And then scientists started to use the network, right?
Dr May: yes, people in universities all over the world began to use the network to share ideas. They used it for work and for fun. In the 1980s, people started calling it the Internet.
Presenter: Then it was in the Mid-1990s that the Internet really began to grow fast.
Dr May: Yes, now the Internet is important for entertainment, e-mail, playing games and getting information.Read after the tapePresenter: Welcome to “Future Now”. Today we are going to discuss the Internet with Dr Jennifer May from Manchester University. Dr May, how did the Internet begin?
Dr May: well, it’s strange but the Internet was started by the military. In the 1960s the Pentagon were worried about communications after a nuclear war. And in 1969 they thought of linking computers into a network so that if one part of the network was destroyed, other parts could continue working.
Presenter: And then scientists started to use the network, right?
Dr May: yes, people in universities all over the world began to use the network to share ideas. They used it for work and for fun. In the 1980s, people started calling it the Internet.
Presenter: Then it was in the Mid-1990s that the Internet really began to grow fast.
Dr May: Yes, now the Internet is important for entertainment, e-mail, playing games and getting information.Read after the tapeIntroduce the history of the Internet to your partner. Speaking Outline:
Started
In the 1960s
In 1969
In the 1980s
In the mid-1990s
NowVoice your opinionWhat are the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet?Discussion ？Pessimistic Optimistic The advantages and disadvantages of InternetListen and fill the blanksAnswer the phone Hello, __________.
Say who you are Hello, Mrs. Turner. ______Mandy.
Ask to speak to somebody Can I speak to Lucy, ________?
Ask somebody to wait Just ______ a second.
Ask about plan What ________ this weekend?
Say you didn’t hear_________?
Make suggestions _________go on Saturday morning? ________doing something on Friday night? _______ to go?
Reject suggestions Well, ________ I’ve got a music lesson.
Accept suggestion Great, ________.
Finish the call Well, ____ go now.
Make an arrangement _____meet at 6:30. outside the cinema.
Say goodbye Right. ________ tomorrow.Listen and pay special attention to the stressed wordsHello, Mrs. Turner. This is Mandy.
What are you up to this weekend?
Oh, good. Why don’t we go on Saturday morning?
well, I can’t … mm… I’ve got a music lesson on Saturday morning.
Do you fancy doing something on Friday night?
Well, I’d better go now.
Let’s meet at 6:30. outside the cinema.课件10张PPT。CyberspaceGrammar
will & be going to discover the difference of will & be going to;
use will or be going to to express pessimistic or optimistic preditions about the future.By the end of this lesson, you will be able toObjectives …; now there are around 50 million and this growth_____________________.
…, “It is clear that we ____________a huge growth in shopping on the Internet.”
She also believes that, in the future, we ______ entertainment from the Net and that television _________________ .
“Personally I think virtual reality _________ a part of modern life,” …
“… We _______ in virtual offices, shop in virtual supermarkets, and we ___________ in virtual schools.” is clearly going to continueare going to seewill getwill probably disappearwill becomewill workwill even studyRead
&
FindFind out the difference talks about a future event we can predict from a present situation? (陈述根据目前状况可以推测出的未来结果）
b) expresses our opinions about the future? (陈述我们对未来的看法和观点）Which sentence?…; now there are around 50 million and this growth is clearly going to continue.
…, “It is clear that we are going to see a huge growth in shopping on the Internet.”
She also believes that, in the future, we will get entertainment from the Net and that television will probably disappear.
“Personally I think virtual reality will become a part of modern life,” …
“… We will work in virtual offices, shop in virtual supermarkets, and we will even study in virtual schools.” ababbDifferencepredicted future eventsopinions about futurePractice Which is more natural ?1. He is going to repaint the fence. ________ I know he likes green.
A. I think he is going to paint it green. B. He’ll paint it green.Practice Which is more natural ?2. You are planning to buy a computer.
A. I hope it will be cheap. B. It is going to be cheap.Practice Which is more natural ?. It’s the last ten minutes of a basketball match between Russian and the USA. The score is 102:56 to Russia.
A. The USA will lose. B. The USA is going to lose.
Try more exercise P 9: 9 & 10
P 54–55: Ex. 1, 2, 4Unit 4 Lesson 1 Handout
语法： will 和 be going to
(a) He will finish his work tomorrow.
(b) He is going to finish his work tomorrow.
will或be going t0用于表示将来时。
在口语中，going to常读做“gonna”。
shall与I或we连用表示将来时是可以的，但在英式英语中shall用于第一人称，will用于第二、三人称，美式英语中will可用于各种人称。
注意：在口语与非正式书面语中will与人称代词通常缩略在一起。will与名词和其它代词在口语中也常缩略，但不用于书面语。
WILL或BE GOING T0的比较：
表示预测时，WILL或BE GOING T0都可以用：
(a) According to the weather report, it will be cloudy tomorrow.
(b) According to the weather report, it is going to be cloudy tomorrow.
(c) Be careful! You' II hurt yourself!
(d) Watch out! You're going to hurt yourself!
当说话人在做一个预测时(他或她认为将来会发生或出现某种情况)，will或be going to都是可以用。
(a)与(b)在意思上没有区别。
(c)与(d)在意思上没有区别。
表达一种事先计划或打算时，只能用BE GOING TO
(e) A: Why did you buy this paint?
B: I'm going to paint my bedroom tomorrow.
(f) I talked to Bob yesterday. He is tired of taking the bus to work. He's going to buy a car. That's what he told me.
当说话人要表达一种事先打算时(说话人打算在将来做某事因为在过去他或她已制定了一个计划或决定去做这件事)，只能用be going to
在(e)中，说话人B事先已有一个计划。她
上周决定粉刷卧室。她打算明天粉刷卧室。
在(f)中，说话人知道Bob买汽车的打算。
Bob过去做出了决定，而且打算在将来买汽
车。在(e)和(f)中，用will是不合适的。
表达意愿时，只能用WILL
(g) A: The phone's ringing.
B : I'll get it.
(h) A: I don't understand this problem.
B: Ask your teacher about it. She'll help you.
在(g)中，说话人B在说：“我愿意，我高兴去接这个电话。”他不是在做预测。他事先没有计划去接这个电话。他只是自告奋勇地去接电话并且用will来表示他的意愿。
在(h)中，说话人B感到很肯定老师会愿意
帮助学生。be going to在(g)和(h)中就不
合适了。
比较： 情景l：
A：Are you busy this evening?
B: Yes. I'm going to meet Jack at the library at seven. We're going to study together.
在情景1中，只有be going to可行。说话人有一个事先打算，所以他用be going to。
情景2：
A：Are you busy this evening?
B: Well, I really haven't made any plans. I'll eat/I'm going to eat dinner, of course. And then I'll probably watch/ I'm probably going to watch TV for a little while.
在情景2中，will或be going to都可以用。说话人B还没有计划好晚上做哪些事。他是在“预测”晚上的活动(而不是陈述事先的打算)，所以他可以使用will或be going to。
练习：用括号里动词的will和／或be going to形式填空。
第一部分：表达预测
1. Sue (graduate) will graduate/is going to graduate in June. After that, she (begin) will begin/is going to begin work at an electronics firm.
2. Fred (be)_________ at the meeting tomorrow. I think Jane (come)_______too.
3.A: Can you give Ed a message for me?
B: Sure. I(see, probably)__________ him at the meeting this evening.
4. The damage we do to our environment today (affect)______the quality of life of future generations.
5. A: Mr. Swan (be, not)______ here next term. He has resigned. Who (be)______the new teacher? Do you know?
B: Yes. Mary Jefferson. Ms. Jefferson (teach ) ______ the same courses Mr. Swan taught: English, algebra, and geometry. I (be)______ in her algebra class. Do you know which algebra class you (be) _______in next term?
答案：
2.will be, will come 3.will probably see 4. Is going to/will affect
5.is not going to be, will/is going to teach， am going to be, are going to be
第二部分：表达事先打算或意愿
如果你认为说话人在表达事先计划，用be going to。如果你认为没有事前计划，则用will。
6. A: This letter is in French, and I don't speak a word of French. Can you help me?
B: Sure. I (translate) will translate it for you.
7. A: Do you want to go shopping with me? I (go) am going to go to the shopping
mall downtown.
B: Sure. What time do you want to leave?
8. A: This light doesn't work. The bulb is probably burned out. Where are the new light bulbs?
B: I (get)_______ one for you.
9. A: It's cold in here.
B : I agree. I (turn)______the heater on.
A: That's a good idea.
10. A: I (enroll)______in the community college next spring.
B: Oh? I didn't know you wanted to go back to school.
A: I need to sharpen my skills so I can get a better job. I (take)______a course in word processing.
11. A: Brrr. Who turned up the air conditioner? It's really cold in here. My nose is cold and my fingers are cold.
B: I (make)______ you a hot cup of tea.
A: Thanks, That sounds good.
12. A: Oh, oh! I've spilled coffee on my shirt.
B: Just a minute. I (get) ______a damp cloth for you.
13. A: What do you want to be when you grow up?
B: I (be) ______an astronaut.
A: Good for you!
14. A: Do you mind if I turn the TV off? I (place) ______long distance call, and it's hard to hear if the TV is on.
B: No, that's fine. I wasn't watching it anyway.
15. A: Who wants to erase the board? Are there any volunteers?
B: I (do) ______ it!
C: I (do) ______ it!
D: No, no! I (do) ______ it!
16. A: Why do you have an eraser in your hand?
B: I (erase) ______ the board.
答案：
8.will get 9.will turn 10.am going to enroll 11.am going to take 12.will get 13.ma going to be 14.am going to place 15.will do, will do, will do
16.am going to erase
时间状语从句中将来时态的表达
(Expressing the Future in Time Clauses)
(a) Bob will come soon. When-Bob comes, we will see him.
(b) Linda is going to leave soon. Before she leaves, she is going to finish her work.
I will get home at 5：30. After I get home, I will eat dinner.
(d) The taxi will arrive soon. As soon as it arrives, we'll be able to leave for the airport.
(e) They are going to come soon. I'll wait here until they come.
在(a)中，“When Bob comes”是一个时间状语从句。
When + 主语 + 动词 = 时间状语从句
will或be going to不能用于时间状语从句。虽然时间状语从句指将来，但用的是一般现在时。
一个时间状语从句由when，before，after，
as soon as，until这样的词引导并包含一个主语和一个谓语动词。时间状语从句可置于句首，也可以置于句末：
When he comes，we’11 see him．
或者：
We’ll see him when he comes.
(f) I will go to bed after I finish my work.
(g) I will go to bed after I have finished my work.
偶尔，如在(g)中，现在完成时也可用于时间状语从句。例句(f)和(g)的意思相同。现在完成时用来强调时间状语从句中的动作在主句将来的动作之前已经完成。
练习：用will／be going to或一般现在时完成句子。
(在该练习中will和be going to都可以用于表达将来时，意思相近或相同。)
1. Peter is going to leave in half an hour. He (finish) will finish / is going to finish all of his work before he (leave) leaves.
2. I'm going to eat lunch at 12：30. After I (eat)______ , I (take, probably) ______ a nap.
3. I'll get home around six. When I (get) ______ home, I (call) ______ Sharon.
4. I'm going to watch a TV program at nine. Before I (watch) ______ that program, I (write) ______ a letter to my parents.
5. Gary will come soon. I (wait) ______ here until he (come) ______
6. I'm sure it will stop raining soon. As soon as the rain (stop) ______, I (walk) ______ to the drugstore to get some film.
7. Right now I'm a junior in college. After I (graduate) ______ with a B. A., I (intend) ______ to enter graduate school and work for an M.A. Perhaps I (go) ______ on for a Ph. D. after I (get) ______ my Master's degree.
8. A: How long (stay, you) ______ in this country.?
B: I (plan) ______ to be here for about one more year. I (hope) ______ to graduate a year from this June.
A" What (do, you) ______ after you ( leave ) ______?
B: I (return) ______ home and (get) ______ a job. How about you?
A: I (be) ______ here for at least two more years before I (return) ______ home and (get) ______ a job.
答案：
2. eat, will probably
3. get， am going to /will call,
4. watch, am going to/will write
5. will wait, comes
6. stops, am going to/will walk
7. graduate, am going to intend, will go, get
8. will you /are you going to stay, plan, hope, will/am going to be, return, get
现在进行时和一般现在时表示将来(Using the Present Progressive and the Simple Present to Express Future Time)
现在进行时
(a) My wife has an appointment with a doctor. She is seeing Dr. North next Tuesday.
(b) Sam has already made his plans. He is leaving at noon tomorrow.
(c) A: What are you going to do this afternoon?
B: After lunch I am meeting a friend of mine. We are going shopping.
Would you like to come along?
当一个句子的意思涉及一个计划好的事件
或者明确的意图时，用现在进行时可以表示将来时间。
(比较：像rain这样的动词在现在进行时中就不表示将来时间，因为下雨不是一个事先计划好的事件。)现在进行时的将来意义或者通过时间副词或者通过上下文来暗示出来。
一般现在时
(d) The museum opens at ten tomorrow morning.
(e) Classes begin next week.
(f) John's plane arrives at 6:05 P.M. next Monday.
当句子涉及一些列入确定的议事日程或时
间表的事件时，一般现在时也能用来表达将来时间。这些句子通常含有表示将来时间的副词。只有个别动词可以这样用，例如：open，close，begin，end，start，finish，arrive，leave，come，return.
练习：用in the future, now或habitually填空，以表达斜体部分的意思。
1. I am taking four courses next semester.
in the future
2. I am taking four courses this semester.
Now
3. Students usually take four courses every semester.
habitually
4. I'll mail this letter at the corner when I take Susan home.
in the future
5. My brother's birthday is next week. I am giving him a sweater.
in the future
6. Hush！ The broadcaster is giving the latest news about the crisis in England. I want to hear what she's saying.
Now
7. When I graduate, I'm going to return home.
in the future
8. When students graduate, they receive diplomas.
habitually
9. I'm tired. I am going to bed early tonight.
in the future
10. When I am in New York, I'm going to visit the Museum of Modern Art.
in the future
11. When I am home alone in the evening, I like to read or watch television.
habitually
12. A: Are you busy?
B: Not really.
A: What are you doing? Now
B: I'm writing a letter to my folks. Now
A: When you finish your letter, do you want to play a game of chess?
in the future
13. A: What are you doing after class? in the future
B. I'm eating at the cafeteria with Cindy. Do you want to join us?
in the future
14. Tony will arrive at eight tomorrow evening.
in the future
15. Tony is going to arrive at eight tomorrow evening.
in the future
16. Tony is arriving at eight tomorrow evening.
in the future
17. Tony arrives at eight tomorrow evening.
in the future
18. When Tony arrives, we'll have a party.
in the future
一般将来时的其他表达法
除了will／shall结构可以表示将来之外，以下几种形式也是表示将来时态常用的结构。
(1)be going to结构表示将来
be going to可以表示说话者主观打算做某事，或客观迹象表明即将发生某事。
I’m going to sell my old house．我打算卖掉我的旧房子。
They are going to set up a laboratory next year．
明年他们打算建立一个实验室。
It’s going to rain soon．很快就要下雨。
The boy is going to fall off the parallel bars．这个男孩要从双杠上掉下了。
(2)现在进行时表示将来
现在进行时表示将来，往往是指计划好或准备要做的事。一些表示动作转换的终止性动词，如go，come，leave，start，begin等的进行时则表示马上要做某事。
I’m taking the kids to the zoo this Sunday．本周日我将带孩子们去动物园。
He is leaving school in one year’s time．他一年后就要毕业了。
My brother is having a party tomorrow．我弟弟明天开一个聚会。
Wait a minute．I’m coming．等一会，我马上就来。
(3)一般现在时表示将来
①按照计划或时刻表要发生的事情。
The library opens next month．新图书馆下月开放。
The plan takes off at 3:00 P．M．飞机于下午三点起飞。
We have no classes tomorrow．明天我们不上课。
②在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。
When she comes，I'll tell her about it．她来时我将把这件事告诉她。
If you leave tomorrow，I'll see you off at the airport．
如果你明天走，我到机场送你。
(4)be to do结构表示将来
这种结构表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务和要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。
The Prime Minister is to visit Hungary in May．首相将于五月访问匈牙利。
I’m to get married next year．我明年结婚。
Your assignment is to be handed in next Monday．你的作业下周一必须上交。
(5)be about to do表示将来
这一结构表示马上就要发生的事，不强调主观。一般不能与具体的时间状语连用。
We’re about to start off．我们马上出发。
Be quiet．The film is about to start．安静，电影马上开始。
Hurry up The train is about to leave．快点!火车就要开了。
Module 2 Unit 4 Lesson 1 语法讲义 — Will & be going to
be going to与will两者都可表示将要发生的事、将要去做某事，但它们有如下几点区别：
1. be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些，如： He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day.
2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。 He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old.
3. be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如： She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour.
4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如： If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you.
在下列情况下用will:
根据说话者的见解和观点对未来作出预言时
I think Smiley will make a good footballer. Smith will beat Patterson with a knock-out in the second round.
在说话时突然做出的决定时，一般用will的缩约式’ll
I’m tired. I think I’ll go to bed.
— Come to supper.
— OK, thanks. I’ll bring a bottle.
表示意图、提议、许诺、自愿做某事或坚持做某事时
—There’s the door-bell.
— I’ll go. I will stop smoking
— I really will!
表示请求和邀请时
Will you give me a hand?
Will you come in and have a drink?
5.表示命令或威胁时
You will start work at six o’clock.
I’ll beat you if you do that again.
表示习惯和规律时
She will greet me when she meets me. Man will die.
7.在正式的通知（如新闻媒体公布的官方消息，气象预报等）中用will结构。例如：
??? There will be a heavy rain to the south of Huai River.
???
在下列情况下用be going to
根据现在所见，预计不久肯定会发生的事情时
Look!—it’s going to rain! The car is going to turn over.
谈及打算或事先决定了的事情时
What are you going to be when you grow up?
—Why have you torn the paper into pieces?
—I am going to rewrite it.
Grammar (be going to / will )
1. – Are you still busy?
-- Yes, I ____ my work, and it won’t take long.
A. just finish B. am just finishing C. have just finished D. am just going to finish
2. – What are you going to do this afternoon?
-- I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film ____ quite early, so we ____ to the bookstore after that.
A. finished; are going B. finished; go C. finishes are going D. finishes; go
3. Let’s keep to the point or we ____ any decisions.
A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached
4. – What’s that terrible noise?
-- The neighbors _____ for a party.
A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare
5. At this time tomorrow _____ over he Atlantic.
A. we’re going to fly B. we’ll be flying C. we’ll fly D. we’re to fly
6. – When will you come to see me, Dad?
-- I will go to see you when you ____ the training course.
A. will have finished B. will finish C. are finishing D. finish
7. I wonder why Jenny ____ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
A. hasn’t written B. doesn’t write C. won’t write D. hadn’t written
8. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ____ so rapidly.
A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change
9. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _____.
A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survive D. will survive
10. – You’ve left the light on.
-- Oh, I _____ as ill as I do now for a very long time.
A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone C. I go D. I’m going
11. – Have you heard from Janet recently?
-- No, but I _____ her over Christmas.
A. saw B. ill be seeing C. have seen D. have been seeing
12. – Alice’s second-hand computer ____ wrong although she used it only once.
-- You’d better go to check it.
A. went B. has gone C. is going D. had gone
13. – Was Charles still there when you arrived?
-- Yes, but he ______ home soon afterwards.
A. had gone B. has gone C. is going D. went
14. – Isn’t it hard to drive downtown to work?
-- Yes, that’s why I _____ to work by train.
A. have been going B. have gone C. was going D. will have gone
15. – Don’t go there alone in such late hours.
-- Don’t worry. I _____.
A. don’t B. won’t C. didn’t D. haven’t
16. – I _____ to a party, but I’ve got nothing to wear.
-- Why don’t you have a dress made for the party?
A. was asked B. will ask C. have asked D. have been asked
17. – Do you know if the film _____ on this week?
-- No, it ____ in Beijing first.
A. has been; shows B. was; ought to show
C. will be; is shown D. is; should be shown
18. – Look, it ____ again.
-- Yeah. This is the fourth snow we ____ the month.
A. is snowing; have had B. is raining; will have
C. snow; have D. will snow; had
19. – A good film is on in the cinema, what about going t here?
-- If you don’t go there, nor ________ I.
A. will B. do C. am D. did
20. Many new workers ____ trained and in half a year they _____ to build a new railway.
A. are being; will be sent B. are; will be sending
C. are; will send D. will be; will be sent
Answers:
1-5 DCABB 6-10 DACBA 11-15 B ADB 16-20 DCAAA
课件20张PPT。Module 2 Unit 4 Lesson 3 Grammar
ConditionalsObjectives By the end of this lesson, we will be able to:
1. discover the differences between the first and second conditionals and their rules;
2. use the second conditional to describe your ideal future life. Breathless
(by Shayne Ward)Listen and findIf our love was a story bookwe would meet on the very first pageThe last chapter would be aboutHow I'm thankful for the life we've made
And if we had babies they would have your eyesI would fall deeper watching you give lifeYou don't even know how very special you are Simple Past Simple Past Read the dialogue（L3） and find all the sentences with “if…”2. Which talks about
a) unlikely situations in the future
b) possible situations in the futureDiscover the rulesIf I don’t finish my project on the history of the Internet, the science teacher will be angry.
If it’s good, Dad, Mum and I will probably go camping. But we won’t go if it rains.
If I stay at home, I’ll help you with your project if you like.
If you tell me some titles, I’ll look for them in the library.
If you go to the Science Museum website, you’ll find lots of good information.possible situations in the future First conditional（真实条件句） We use First conditional（真实条件句）to talk about possible future events. First conditional：
The pattern is（句型是）：？
If clause Main clause

Summary do/ does will + do 1. If we had virtual reality holidays,
★we wouldn’t have any problems with the weather.
★we wouldn’t have to spend a long time traveling on planes to get to our holiday destinations.
2. If they invented virtual holidays, I would go on an around-the-world tour.
something that isn’t possible now Second Conditional（虚拟条件句） Second conditional：
The pattern is（句型是）：？
If clause Main clause


Summary (did/ were ) would/could/ might/should + do We use Second conditional 虚拟条件句 to talk about：
1. impossible present situations
2. Impossible/unlikely/imagined future situations Match the if-clauses with the main clauses.Practice-1ebdcaI/see/John/I/tell him
2) I/buy/that computer/it/be/cheaper
3) My sister/not go/to London/she/not pass her
exam.
4) we/not have/the Spring Festival/we/not have/a good time in winter
5) what/you/do/you/be/a millionaire?
Practice-2 Write sentences with first or second conditional using the cues.If I see John, I will tell himI would buy that computer if it were cheaper. My sister won't go to London if she doesn't pass her exam.If we didn’t have the Spring Festival, we would
not have a good time in winter. What would you do if you were a millionaire? Example:
T: If I were a millionaire, I would buy a new house.
S1: If I had a new house, I would make a room into a cinema.
S2: If I had a cinema at home, I would watch movies every day.
… Practice-3 Choo-choo Train1. If I were a parent/teacher/doctor/the
headmaster/ scientist, I …
2. If I had five days off without homework, …
3. If I lived in Africa, ...
4. If I had only three more days to see, …
5. If I didn't have computers, …
6. If I were mayor of Beijing, ...1 person 1 sentence; The more the better.
Logical Idea; Correct Grammar. Practice-3 Choo-choo trainIf I were a teacher, …If I lived in…If I had… Write about your ideal future. Think about your home, job, partner, family, etc. Write conditional sentences to explain why you would like this kind of life.Eg. I’d like to live in Africa and work as a doctor. If I were a doctor in Africa, I would help a lot of people. If I helped them, they would suffer less pain and they would live a healthy life. If they lived a healthy life, I would be happy.Practice-4 Writing1) If I don’t finish my homework, ___________.
2) If it rains, __________________________.
3) If I pass the exam, ___________________.
4) If we had a holiday tomorrow, ___________.
5) If I lived in England, ___________________.
6) If I were a millionaire, _____________.Complete the sentences Practice以下练习可自行选择使用Ex 61) What will you do if your computer
doesn’t work?
2) Will you go out with me on Saturday
night if you finish the project?
3) If you go to that website, you will find
some interesting information.
4) Will you go to that concert if it rains?PracticeEx 6
5) She will buy a computer if she gets that
job.
6) I will give you the information if you
telephone me tomorrow.
7) What will you do if the weather is not
good tomorrow?
8) My sister will not go to London if she
doesn’t pass her exams. Practice1. If you surfed the Internet, you would find interesting information.
2. If you did not have a try, people would laugh at you.
3. If I took part in the game, I would win.
4. If you told the police, they would help you to get out of the trouble.
5. If you used the Internet, you would make new friends.Ex 9PracticeHomework 1. Review the new words
2. P58~59: Ex 1, 3, 4 & 6 Listen to a song and complete the following sentences._____________________,
____________ Lord for giving me wings.
_______________a robin in a tree,
___________ Lord that I could sing.
_______________ in the sea, I’d
wiggle my tail and I’d giggle with glee.If I were a butterflyI’d thank you If I wereI’d thank you If I were a fishI would有两首歌曲可供选择Module 2 Unit 4 Cyberspace
Lesson 3 Virtual Reality Period 2
Grammar: First Conditional and Second Conditional（见ppt）
I. Listen to a song and fill in the blanks.
If our love _______a story bookwe _________ ________ on the very first pageThe last chapter ________ _______aboutHow I'm thankful for the life we've made
And if we ________ babies they would have your eyesI _________ ________ deeper watching you give lifeYou don't even know how very special you are
II. Grammar summary
1. Uses of the conditional
We use First conditional（真实条件句）to talk about ____________________________
We use Second conditional (虚拟条件句) to talkabout ____________________________
2. Patterns of the conditional
If-clause
Main clause
first conditional
second conditional

III. Practice
1. Match the if-clauses with the main clauses.
1) If you are promoted,
2) If I lived in the USA,
3) If you work hard,
4) If we didn’t have computers,
5) If it snowed every day in winter,
a. I would love it.
b. I would celebrate Thanksgiving.
c. life would be very different.
d. you will get a good job.
e. will you make any changes?
Write the sentences with First or Second Conditional using the cues.
1) I/see/John/I/tell him
_____________________________________________________________________
2) I/buy/that computer/it/be/cheaper
_____________________________________________________________________
3) My sister/not go/to London/she/not pass her exam.
_____________________________________________________________________
4) we/not have/the Spring Festival/we/not have/a good time in winter
_____________________________________________________________________
5) what/you/do/you/be/a millionaire?
_____________________________________________________________________
IV. Choo-choo Train
Example:
T: If I were a millionaire, I would buy a new house.
S1: If I had a new house, I would make a room into a cinema.
S2: If I had a cinema at home, I would watch movies every day.
…
1) If I were a parent/teacher/doctor/the headmaster/ scientist, I …
2) If I had five days off without homework, …
3) If I lived in Africa, ...
4) If I had only three more days to see, …
5) If I didn't have computers, …
6) If I were mayor of Beijing, ...
V. Language in use
Write about your ideal future. Think about your home, job, partner, family, etc. Write conditional sentences to explain why you would like this kind of life.
If I were a ______________________________________________________________
If I had ________________________________________________________________
If I lived _______________________________________________________________
If I ____________________________________________________________________
Module 2 Unit 4 Lesson 3 语法讲义
语 气
虚拟语气的用法归纳
1、虚拟条件句的三种基本类型：与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反。
条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟)条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生：
If I have time, I will go with them. 假若我有时间，我就同他们去。(陈述语气)
If I were you, I would go with them. 假若我是你，我就同他们去。(虚拟语气)
▲ 与现在事实相反
若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”：
If I knew her number ，I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道)
▲与过去事实相反
若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”：
If I’d left sooner，I’d have been on time. 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)
▲与将来事实相反
若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”：
If I asked him，I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做)
注：几点特别说明
① 主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后。would, might, could的大致区别是：would表示结果，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较：
If you tried again ，you would succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。(would表结果)
If you tried again， you might succeed. 要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。(might表可能)
If you tried again ，you could succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(could表能力)
④ 对于与将来事实相反的情形，请注意以下几点：一是这里说的与将来事实相反，实为对将来情况的推测；二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外，有时也用“should+动词原形”(表示可能性极小，常译为“万一”)或“were to+动词原形”(表示与将来事实相反的假设)；三是当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时，主句谓语除可用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外，也可用直陈语气或祈使语气：
If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me. 万一明天下雨，就不要等我了。（祈使语气）
If I should see him, I’ll tell him. 万一我见到他，我就告诉他。（直陈语气）
2、错综时间虚拟条件句
所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整：
If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. 要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。
You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了。
3、两个常考虚拟语气句型
▲ 句型介绍
这两个句型是If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for…，这是两个很常用的虚拟语气句型，也经常受到命题人的青睐，其意为“若不是(有)”“要不是有”。如：
If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。
If it hadn’t been for your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded.
=But for your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded.
=Without your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded.
5、wish后宾语从句用虚拟语气
▲ 用法说明
动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)＋动词原形。如：
注：特别注意
从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关，而与wish的时态无关，比较：
I wish I were rich. 要是我现在有钱就好了。
I wish I had been rich. 要是那时我有钱就好了。
I wished I were rich. 当时我后悔自己没有钱。
I wished I had been rich. 当时我后悔自己曾经没有钱。
6、if only后的句子用虚拟语气
if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同：
If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。
If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。
If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!
注：if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。
7、as if (though) 从句用虚拟语气
▲ 基本用法
以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气，若表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；若表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；表示将来的可能性不大，用would (might, could)+动词原形：
He acts as if he knew me. 他显得认识我似的。
They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人。
He talks as if he had been abroad. 他说起话来好像曾经出过国。
注：两点说明
(1) 从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气：
It looks as if we’ll be late. 我们似乎要迟到了。
(2) 注意 It isn’t as if…的翻译：
It isn’t as if he were poor. 他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。
8、It’s time后的从句用虚拟语气
▲ 基本用法
从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来，有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见，且should不能省略)，其意为“(早)该干某事了”：
It’s time we went [were going, should go]. 我们该走了。
It’s time I was in bed. 我该上床睡了。(不用were)
9、would rather后句子用虚拟语气
在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 后的that从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气， 表示”宁愿做什么” ，具体用法为：
▲ 一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望
I’d rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。
▲ 用过去完成时表过去的愿望
I’d rather you hadn’t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。
10、宾语从句用虚拟语气的10种类型
▲ I wish后的宾语从句
动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)＋动词原形。如：
I wish I could be of some use. 我希望我能有什么用处。
We wish he didn’t smoke. 我们希望他不吸烟。
I wish prices would come down. 我希望物价能降下来。
▲ 表示“坚持”后的宾语从句
主要是指insist的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
I insisted that he (should) stay. 我坚持要他留下。
注：动词insist后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别是：若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。比较：
He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。
He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。
▲ 表示“命令”后的宾语从句
主要是指order, command的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
He ordered that it (should) be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。
▲ 表示“建议”后的宾语从句
主要是指advise, suggest, propose, recommend等的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。
注：与动词insist相似，动词suggest后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别也是：若谓语动词所表示的情况尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气，此时suggest通常译为“建议”；若谓语动词所表示的情况为既成事实，则要用陈述语气，此时的suggest通常译为“表明”、“认为”。比较并体会：
He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建议我们留下吃饭。
I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him. 我觉得你与他心照不宣。
▲ 表示“要求”后的宾语从句
主要是指ask, demand, require, request等后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
I ask that he leave. 我要求他走开。
He requires that I (should) appear. 他要求我出场。
▲ 表示“提议”“投票”后的宾语从句
主要是指move, vote等后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
I move that we accept the proposal. 我提议通过这项提案。
▲ 表示“敦促”后的宾语从句
主要是指动词urge后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
He urged that they go to Europe. 他敦促他们到欧洲去。
▲ 表示“安排”后的宾语从句
主要是指动词arrange后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
He arranged that I should go abroad. 他安排我去国外。
▲ 表示“希望”“打算”后的宾语从句
主要是指动词desire, intend后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
She desires that he do it. 她希望他做此事。
▲ 表示“指示”后的宾语从句
主要是指动词direct后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
The general directed that the prisoners should be set free. 将军指示释放那些俘虏。
?11、主语从句中的虚拟语气
在It is necessary，important，strange，natural， advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc. ；it is a pity；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：
▲ It’s important…类
这一类型主要包括It is (was) important (necessary, desirable, imperative, advisable)that. . .句型。如：
It is impossible that he should go home. 他不可能会回家去。
▲ It’s a pity…类
It is a pity that she should fare so badly. 她竟吃得这么差，真可怜。
▲ It’s desired…类
这种主语从句还常用在It is (was) desired (suggested, settled, proposed, requested, decided, etc. ) that...句型。如：
It is requested that a vote be taken. 建议付诸表决。
12、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气
　　在advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation ，suggestion， idea，plan，order等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：
Our suggestion is that you（ should）be the first to go． 我们的建议是你应该第一个去。
?13、 在 lest ，for fear that( 以免) , in case (以防)引导的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气
在 lest ，for fear that( 以免) , in case (以防)从句中用should＋动词原形, should 可以省略. She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates. 她走得很轻以免吵醒她的室友。
为方便记忆，表格对比
使用虚拟语气的主要句型
谓语动词的虚拟形式
例句
表现在的虚拟条件句
从句：用动词过去（be 多用were　）
1. If I were you, I should study English.
2. I would certainly go if I had time.
主句：would/should/could/might+动词原形
表过去的虚拟条件句
从句：had + PP
1. If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the test.
2. If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.
主句：would/should/could/might +have + PP
表将来的虚拟条件句
从句：①用动词过去②should +V原③（were +to do　）
1. If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
2. If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.
主句：would/should/could/might +have + PP
省略 if 的条件句
从句：用倒装形式，即把were,had等置于句首。(并只限were/ had)
主句：根据虚拟的情况采取与从句相应的形式。
1.?????? Were I in school again(= If I were in school again, I would work harder.)
2.?????? Were it not for the rain, (不能说Weren’t it for the rain, ) I would go swimming.
错综时间条件句（从句与主句所表示时间不一致）
根据从句与主句表示的不同时进行调整。
1.If you had worked hard yesterday, you would be tired now
2. If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years, things woud be going so smoothly.
含蓄条件句（虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文之中，从句不表现出来）(常见有but for“要不是” without等)
根据句子表达的实际情况选用相应的虚拟条件句中的主句的动词形式
1.Without air, there would be no living things.
2.I would have given you more help, but I was busy now.
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
wish, “可惜……”“……就好了”，“悔不该……”“但愿……”
wish后从句：与表各种时间的虚拟条件句中的从句动词形式基本相同。
具体：１，表与现在不能实现的愿望，从句用“过去时，be 用were”
２.表与过去不能实现的愿望，从句用“had+PP 或 could/would +have +PP“
３. .表与将来不能实现的愿望，从句用“could/would +动词原形”
1.I wish I were a bird.
2. I wish I had known the answer..
would rather 后的宾语从句
would rather后从句：动词常用过去式
1. I would rather they came tomorrow
demand, insist,suggest, command, order, require, request, desire等一类动词后的宾语从句
（suggest表“暗示、隐含等”insist表“强调，力言等”不用虚拟语气。）
从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可省。
1. I suggest you (should)go at once.
2. He suggested that he patient’s leg should be cut and this suggested that he was not good at the case.(注意两个suggest的准确翻译)
“It is (was)+上述demand/suggest等动词过去分词（或important,natural,strange ,necessary等形容词）”后的主语从句
从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可省。
1. It ordered that the army (should) get there by 4 a.m.
2. It is necessary that she (should) be sent there at once.
order,suggestion,idea,plan, proposal, advice, demand等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句
从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可省。
His demand is that we (should )finish the work in 3 hours.
特殊形式的虚拟语气
as if 引导的从句（表示非真实时）但表真实时，不用虚拟语气。
与虚拟语气条件中从句动词形式基本相同。
1.Tom speaks as if he were a girl.
2.He looks as if he had been to Beijing.
so that, in order that引导的目的状语从句
May/might/should +V原
I live so that others may live better.
It is (the very/high)time that后的定语从句
从句谓语动词常用过去式，有时也可用should+动词原形
It is (high)time that we went (should go) to bed.
It is time that I were leaving.
省去主句的If only(要是……就好了)虚拟条件句
与wish后的宾语从句谓语形式相同。
If only I hadn’t lost the chance!
(= I wish I hadn’t lost the chance)
某些表祝愿的句子
常用原形或“May+动词原形”
Long live world peace!
May you be happy1
表委婉客气的是常语句
情态动词的过去式+动词原形
Could I borrow your bike?
Would you please give me a hand?
虚拟语气的用法
虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种：
?一、与现在事实相反
连接词
条件从句
结果从句
If
1.动词过去式(或were)
2.助动词（过去式）+动词原形
Should
Would +动词原形
could
might
If had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.
If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.
?二.与将来事实相反
连接词
条件从句
结果从句
If
1.???? should+动词原形
2.???? 动词过去式
3、were to+动词原形
Should
Would +动词原形
could
might
If you should lose, what would you do?
If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her thetruth.
If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.
三、与过去事实相反
连接词
条件从句
结果从句
If
had+过去分词
Should
Would + have+过去分词
could
might
If I’d dnown that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country.
四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法
省掉if的条件从句结构：
Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,…)
2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：
A true friend would not do such a thing.
(=If he were a true friend, he...)
(=If there were no water,…)
(=If you hadn’t helped me,…)
3.???? 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：
If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.
If I were you, I would have gone home.
?五、虚拟语气的其他用法
1、Suggest, advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：
suggest, advise, recommend, demand,
require, insist, urge, request, order, +that…(should )+动词原形
devide, ask, move, propose等
注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。
He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.
上述动词的名词形式出现时，that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。
He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking.
如果that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈述语气。
He insists that he is right.
?2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：
imperative, advisable, 动词完成式
It is (was) + important,natural, necessary, +that…(should) +
essential, strange,等 动词原形
It is important that you (should) follow the doctor’s orders.
It is right that you should have done your homework.
?3、wish的用法
动词过去式或were—与现在事实相反
主语+wish(that)+主语 + 动词过去完成式—与过去事实相反
助动词过去试+动词原形—与将来事实相反
I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer..)
I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)
I wish they’d let us get some sleep.
注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：
（1） We hope they will come,(We don’t know if they can come.)
（2） We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)
4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气，如：
He acts as if nothing had happened.
I would rather you didn’t tell him.
?5、It’s (high) time that…+动词过去式或should+动词原形，如：
It’s time (that) you had a hair cut.
It’s high time (that) we took some action.

Unit 4 lesson 3条件句巩固训练
I Complete the following sentences with the right forms of verbs in the brackets.
1. It’s too bad. Helen isn’t here. If she (be) _________ here, she (know) _____________ what to do.
2. Fred failed the test because he didn’t study. However, if he (study) _____________ for the test, he (pass) _______________ it.
3. A paint spray can will explode if you (throw) __________ it into a fire.
4. You should tell your father exactly what happened.
If I (be) ____________you, I (tell) _______________ him the truth as soon as possible.
5. If I (have) __________ my camera with me yesterday, I (take) _______________ a picture of Alex standing on his head.
6. I’m almost ready to plant my garden. I have a lot of seeds. Maybe I have more than I need. If I (have) __________ more seeds than I need, I (give) __________ some to Nellie.
II Choose the best answer
1 If he ________ he ________ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned, would not take
B. had been warned, wouldn’t have taken
C. would be warned, hadn’t taken
D. would have been warned, had not taken
2. If I __ you, I ___ more attention to English idioms and phrases. A. was/ shall pay B. am/ will pay
C. would be/ would pay D.were/ would pay
3. If I ___ the way to New York, I ___.
A. knew / would drive B. knew/ will drive
C. knew/ would have drive D. had known/ would drive
4. If it should rain, the crops _____ .
A. would be saved?? B. would have been saved????
C. will be saved???? D. had been saved
5. If it ___ tomorrow, what would we do?A. rains B. were to rain C. would rain D. rain
6. You _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.
A. may not make? B. might not make
C. shouldn’t have made? D. might not have made
7. ____ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive.
A. If he went B. if he were gone C. If he have gone D. If he had gone
8.?If we ____ here ten minutes earlier, we ___ the bus.
A. arrived/would catch B. arrived/would have caught
C. had arrived/had caught D. had arrived/would have caught
9. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _______.
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
10. Had you listened to the doctor, you _________ all right now.
A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been
11. If I ______ ten years younger, I _______ very happy.
A. be were, shall be B. am, shall be C. were, would be D. am, would be
12. If I hadn’t stood under the tree to catch you when you fell, you _____ now.
A. couldn’t have smiled B. wouldn’t be smiling
C. can’t smile D. won’t smile
13.He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ____ to the meeting.
A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come
14.Don't touch the sleeping tiger. If he woke up, he _____ you.
A. would come to B. would come at
C. would have come toward D. will come to
15.Without electricity human life _____ quite different today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
16. But for the party, he ___ of hunger 30 years ago.
A. would have died B. would die C. must have died D. must die
17.If it ___ tomorrow, what would we do?
A. rains B. were to rain C. would rain D. rain
Keys:
1. were; would know 2. had studied; would have passed 3. throw 4.were; would tell
5. had had; would have taken 6. have; will give
II. BDAAB DDDCC CBCBD AB
专项语法复习—虚拟语气
A组
1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English ___ much easier.
A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be
2. If I ___ you, I would try again.
A. am B. was C. were D. be
3. Without electricity human life ___ quite different today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
4. If she had worked harder, she ___.
A. would succeed B. had succeeded C. should succeed D. would have succeeded
5. If my lawyer ____ here last Saturday, he ____ me from going.
A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent
C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented
6. -- If he ____, he ____ that food. -- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken
7. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
8. You didn't let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you ____ so tired.
A. drove; didn't get B. drove; wouldn't get
C. were driving; wouldn't get D. had driven; wouldn't have got
9. He ___ the test, but he wasn't careful enough.
A. could have passed B. were able to pass
C. must have passed D. might be able to pass
10. We ___ the work on time without your help.
A. hadn't had finished B. didn't have finished
C. couldn't have finished D. can't have finished
11. If the weather were better, we ___ a picnic.
A. had B. have C. will have D. would have
12. I ___ this class if I had known the level was so high.
A. didn’t join B. hadn’t joined C. won’t join D. wouldn’t have joined
13. If I had worked harder, I ___ the maths test now.
A. passed B. would pass C. would have passed D. passes
B组
1.Tom shouldn’t ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
2. Mr. Brown ___ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up.
A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. could arrive D. must have arrived
3. ---My cat’s really fat. ---You ___ have given her so much food.
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
4. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ___ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
5. I don’t pass the maths test. I wish I ___ harder for it.
A. worked B. had worked C. will work D. would have worked
6. "He is a very brave man." "Yes. I wish I ___ his courage."
A. have B. had C. will have D. would have
7. I wish I ___ you yesterday.
A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see
8. "Have you ever been to Beijing?" "No, but I wish I ___."
A. have B. will C. do D. had
9. Where is xiao Zhang? I wish I ___ him at once.
A. can find B. will find C. could find D. could have found
10. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ___.
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
11. He treated me as though ___ his own son.
A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were
*12. It is time that we ___ English lesion.
A. have B. had C. had had D. would have
*13. We suggested that he ___ all the way to the top of the hill.
Our suggestion is that he ___ all the way to top of the hill.
A. climb B. climbs C. climbed D. had climbed
*14. It is important that we ___ a good knowledge of history and geography.
A. have B. had C. had had D. would had
*15. If only I ___ my money.
A. had lost B. lost C. hadn’t lost D. didn’t lost
课件5张PPT。Unit4 Cyberspace1. 词汇（1课时）2. 泛读（1课时）3. 精读（1课时）词汇课前导学学案
课堂教学课件泛读课前学案
课上教学课件
课上教学学案精读课上教学课件
课后重点词组学习学案课件11张PPT。CyberspaceUnit4Reading1. If possible, read the title which always tells a lot;
2. Pay attention to the first or last sentence of each paragraph as it often introduces the main idea;
3. Identify the most important and frequent words and underline them.Reading Strategy---How to find the main idea.e.g. People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti（意大利面条）, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.( )Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraph?A. Some people like steak and others red meat.B. Vegetables are very healthy for you.
C. How food is prepared has a lot to do with how well a person may like it.D. Different people have different tastes in food.
D例:请快速阅读下段文章，用划线划出文章的中心句和信号词Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?
Read the text of Lesson 1 on page 8 and find headings of each paragraph.Part 1:
Part 2:
Part 3:
Part 4:The Growth of the InternetPessimistic Ideas towards the
Future of CyberspaceOptimistic Ideas towards the
Future of CyberspaceThe Future of Virtual RealityRead the text of Lesson4 on page 14 and find the topic of each paragraph. Match the topics a-f with the five paragraphs in the text. There is one extra topic.
a) the history of the city
b) travel links
c) things to see in
d) night-life in Auckland
e) for water lovers
f) New Zealand’s largest city
25341Task 1: Match topics with paragraphsThank you!Unit4 Cyberspace
Name__________ Class __________
WARM-UP:
People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti（意大利面条）, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast——foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.( )Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraph?　　A. Some people like steak and others red meat.　　B. Vegetables are very healthy for you.　　C. How food is prepared has a lot to do with how well a person may like it.　　D. Different people have different tastes in food.
EXERCISE:
Read the following passages and find the main ideas or topics.
（1）　
Since plants give off this valuable gas, they are doing other living things a great service, because, since all living things have to breathe, there could easily be a short-age of oxygen in the atmosphere. Green plants, in this way; help to maintain the balance of gases in the atmosphere.
（2）
Africa——The fight against starvation in six West African nations is being hampered by the rainy season. Heavy rains are turning the dirt roads into muddy rivers. Relief will have to wait for a dry spell which seems nowhere in sight. The weather bureau is maintaining silence for fear of causing increased alarm.
（3）
Some people like to go to beach or a lake for recreation. They enjoy the swimming or boating that is available there. Other people, especially in the hot summer, prefer clean air and cool mountain breezes. Some people like excitement and entertainment. They got to shows and nightclubs. Still other people find that staying home with the family and enjoying the togetherness of spending time with loved ones is the most pleasurable experience of all.
　Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?
　　A. People enjoy different kinds of recreation.
　　B. Some people like staying at home with their families.
　　C. Some people love swimming and boating.
　　D. Some people are richer than others.
（4）
If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only ＄79. Two days sale. Hurry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs ＄395. This sales trick is called “bait and switch”. Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale.
The paragraph could be entitled _________.
A. Buyer Beware（当心）　　　　B. Closeout(出清存货) Sale
C. Crime Pays 　　　　 D. Buying a TV Set
(2013北京,C)
Does Fame Drive You Crazy?
Although being famous might sound like a dream come true, today’s star, feeling like zoo animals, face pressures that few of us can imagine. They are at the center of much of the world’s attention. Paparazzi (狗仔队) camp outside their homes, cameras ready. Tabloids (小报) publish thrilling stories about their personal lives. Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature.
According to psychologist Christina Villareal, celebrities — famous people — worry constantly about their public appearance. Eventually, they start to lose track of who they really are, seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them, not as the people they were before everyone knew their names. “Over time,” Villareal says, “they feel separated and alone.”
The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages. In the 4th century B.C., painters followed Alexander the Great into battle, hoping to picture his victories for his admirers. When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans, leading him to complain (抱怨) about his lack of privacy. Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film-stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.
Being a public figure today, however, is a lot more difficult than it used to be. Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras. When they say something silly or do something ridiculous, there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their “story” alive forever.
If fame is so troublesome, why aren’t all celebrities running away from it? The answer is there are still ways to deal with it. Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities. They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place.
Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice. Still, even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are. They are tired of being famous already.
64. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A. Great heroes of the past were generally admired.
B. The problem faced by celebrities has a long history.
C. Well-known actors are usually targets of tabloids.
D. Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers.
2．(2011·安徽卷·D)
Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer (征服) Ireland. For hundreds of years，the Irish people fought against the English. Finally，in 1921，the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two “Irelands”．Northern Ireland，in the north，is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland，in the south，is an independent country.
In the 1840s the main crop，potatoes，was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger. This，and a shortage (短缺) of work，forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA，the UK，Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems，the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.
For many years，the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers. Today，many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices. Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside，where things move at a quieter and slower pace.
The Irish are famous for being warm—hearted and friendly. Oscar Wilde，a famous Irish writer，once said that the Irish were “the greatest talkers since the Greeks”．Since independence，Ireland has revived(复兴) its own culture of music，language，literature and singing. Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments. Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin，whistles，etc.
69．What does the author tell us in Paragraph 1?
A．How the Irish fought against the English
B．How Ireland gained independence.
C．How English rulers tried to conquer Ireland.
D．How two “Irelands” came into being.
70．The last paragraph is mainly about ________.
A．the Irish character B．Irish culture
C．Irish musical instruments D．a famous Irish writer
71．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Life in Ireland B．A Very Difficult History
C．Ireland，Past and Present D．The Independence of Ireland
英语阅读技巧——如何做主旨大意题
一．题型特点：
要求考生能够把握文章全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析归纳文章的段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、环境特点的能力。要求把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心。
二．常见题干:
主旨题的题干表现形式有以下几类：
1．Main Idea 类型： 选项形式为陈述句。要求考生选择表达作者思想、观点的句子。
1．What is the main idea/point of this passage？2. The main idea of this article is ______.3. This passage is mainly about ______.
4. The text mainly talks about _________________.
2．Main Topic类型： 选项形式为名词或名词词组。要求考生指出文章的Topic（论题）或 Subject（主题），或 Title（标题）等。典型问题形式： 1. What is the main topic of this passage？ 2. What is the main subject of the passage? 3. The best title /headline for this passage might be _____. 4. The best title/headline for this passage should be ________.　　 5. The passage can be entitled _________.
3．Purpose类型： 选项形式多为动宾结构。要求考生找到主要的写作目的。　典型问题形式：　What is the author's main purpose in the passage?　The author's purpose of writing this passage is to _____.三.方法：
要正确理解一篇文章，关键是要抓住文章的主题思想。阅读中如何才能抓住文章的主旨大意呢？通常有两种方法：1. 找出主题句。一般来讲，文章或段落的主题句在文章或段落的开头或结尾。但也有一些段落，其主题句在段落的中间 。2. 找出主题词。如果文章或段落中找不到主题句，考生就要找出主题词或关键词，然后根据对文章的理解自己归纳概括出文章的中心思想。
（一）找主题句　　主题句是在段落中最能概括说明段落中心思想的句子。据估计，英语中有60%—90%的说明文和科技文献都有主题句，其中50%的主题句在段首，30%的主题句在段尾，15%的主题句在段落中间。因此，如果文章只有一段，看懂文章的开头两句是极为重要的。如果文章有几段，则每一段的第一句都要仔细地读，尤其是最长的一段更要注意它的主要内容。边阅读边在主题段或主题句或重要的词句下面划线，读完全文后再回过头来重读划线部分，然后就会得出作者的主要意图
例1. People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti（意大利面条）, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast——foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.( )Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraph?　　A. Some people like steak and others red meat.　　B. Vegetables are very healthy for you.　　C. How food is prepared has a lot to do with how well a person may like it.　　D. Different people have different tastes in food.
（1）小结：主题句在__________________.　有些段落，在主题句后面有明显的引出细节的信号词。常见的信号词有for example，an example of，the most important example of；first，second，next，last，finally；to begin with，also，besides that；one ； the other，some，others，等等。在阅读中应尽量利用上述信号词来确定主题句的位置
例2： 请快速阅读下段文章，用划线划出文章的中心句和信号词：　　 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease (illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?
例3： Americans might be embarrassed because their Japanese friends are so formal with them. Japanese might feel insulted because American acquaintances greet them casually. Still, the forms of greeting in both countries only show respect for others. It just happens that Americans and Japanese have a different way of looking at human relationships and thus have a different way of showing respect.　　This passage mainly tells us_________.　　A. how Americans show respect to others　　B. how Japanese show respect to their American acquaintances　　C. Americans and Japanese have different ways of showing respect　　D. Japanese are not satisfied with American casual behavior
（2）小结：主题句在________________________________。　　在做阅读理解试题时，要充分利用引出结论的信号词，如clearly，plainly；so，therefore，thus，consequently；In conclusion，in short等来确定主题句的位置在段尾。当无明显的此类信号同时，可添加一个引出结论的信号词以确定主题句是否是段落的最后一句话。例4：请快速阅读下段文章，用划线划出文章的中心句和引出结论的信号词
Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent（清白的）. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance
例5： In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market, Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of cheaper foreign cars has not cost American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted. Ford operates as far as Asia, and General Motors is considered Australia's biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable society.
　　What is the main idea of the passage?
　　A. The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers.
　　B. General Motors is one of the largest car producers.
　　C. Ford operates not only in the USA, but also in Asia.
D. The flood of cheaper foreign cars is terrible for American autoworkers.
（3）小结：主题句在____________________________________。　
请阅读下列短文并找出主题句
例1: What does the doctor need to know about his patient? In the initial（最初的）interview the doctor needs to know as much as possible about him, as it relates to his ailments（疾病）. This is the medical history, and although informal and brief, it is the first step at arriving at a diagnosis（诊断） The sooner a correct diagnosis, the quicker he can get effective therapy（治疗）
例2:　Just as I settle down to read or watch television, he demands that I play with him. If I get a telephone call, he screams in the background or knocks something over. I always have to hang up to find out what's wrong with him. Baby-sitting with my little brother is no fun. He refuses. to let me eat a snack in peace. Usually he wants half of whatever I have to eat. Then, when he finally grows tired, it takes about an hour for him to fall asleep.　　
（二）找主题词
有时段落中没有明显的主题句。作者用一种间接的方式表达了段落的中心思想。这时我们不能轻而易举地判断出主旨或主题这样，主题句是含蓄的，它隐含在短文或段落之中，需要考生从段落中寻找主题词或词组。然后用这些主题词或词组概括和归纳出段落的中心思想。
例1：Bats are the only animals that truly fly. These animals use their leathery wings differently from birds. Birds flap their wings up and down, while bats use both their wings and legs, which make them seem as if they are swimming through the air. Even though bats take much longer, stronger strokes than birds, they still can beat their wings as often as twenty times per second!
此段落的主题词是：bats, birds , different , fly
The main idea of this paragraph is that _ Bats are different from birds in flying..
例2：Joshua Bingham studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.
此段落的主题词是：___________________________________
The main idea of this paragraph is that ______.A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university.B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D. Tom received an excellent education.
四．小结
主题句在段落中的位置
Types
Of
Paragraph
Structures
The position of the topic
At the beginning
At the end
In the middle
No clear topic sentence
课件10张PPT。Lesson1
Tomorrow’s WorldIntensive ReadingThe Future of CyberspaceReview headings of each paragraph.Part 1:
Part 2:
Part 3:
Part 4:The Growth of the InternetPessimistic Ideas towards the
Future of CyberspaceOptimistic Ideas towards the
Future of CyberspaceThe Future of Virtual RealityWhy are some experts pessimistic about the future?
Why are many people optimistic about the future?
What does the author think of the future?Why are some experts pessimistic about the future?1. One worry is crime in cyberspace.
2. Hackers can get into the computers of banks and governments.
3. In the future, terrorists many attack the world’s computers, cause chaos, and make planes and trains crash.2. Why are many people optimistic about the future?1.Users can buy books, find out about holiday offers, book tickets, and get all sorts of information from the internet.
2. In the future, we will get entertainment from the Net and that television will probably disappear. 3. What does the author think of the future?I think the author is optimistic about the future because….
I think the author is neutral about the future because….
I think the author doesn’t say anything about the future because …Style: Persuasive Writing
论点：
论据：
1.____________
2._____________
3._____________
What is your opinion about the future? optimistic or pessimistic? Why ?Thank you!UNIT4 Cyberspace 重点词汇预习学案
Lesson 1
1. offer vt. & n. 提供，出价，提议，主动提出
(1) offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 提供某人某物
(2) offer to do sth = make an offer to do主动提出帮忙做
★联想: (1) provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb.
(2) supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. to sb.
■翻译:老板主动提出要送我们去郊区。
The boss__offered to send___ us to the suburb.
那个失主悬赏寻找他失去的小狗。
_The owner offered a reward_for the return of his dog.
2. population n. 人口
◆搭配：have a population of 有……人口
with a population of 有……人口
※用法：(1)问有多少人口时，不用how many或how much，而用what。
(2)表示人口的多少通常用large, small, big等修饰population。
(3) population单独做主语并表示人口数量时，谓语用单数；表示居住在某一地区的人时是集体名词。此时，如果指整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果指具体成员，谓语动词用复数形式。
■运用：翻译下列句子。
印度是全球第二人口大国。
India has the second largest population in the world.
这个城市的人口有一千多万。
The population of this city is above ten million.
3. attack v. & n. 攻击，进攻 n. (疾病)侵袭，发作
◆搭配：写出下列短语的汉语意思。
(1) a heart attack 心脏病发作
(2) make an attack on攻击，向……进攻
(3) be attacked with (a disease)___患病___
★联想:attract v. 吸引
◇attract one’s attention吸引某人的注意力
4. suggest vt.建议，提议；暗示，表明
※用法:
(1)表示“建议，提议”时，后跟名词、代词、v.-ing或that从句。接从句时，谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略。
(2)表示“暗示，表明”，后接名词或that从句，从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。
★拓展:suggestion n. 建议
◇make ［offer］ a suggestion提议,建议
(1)大家建议我们现在开会。
It is suggested that we__should have a meeting_now.
(2)我建议换个方法来做这件事。
I suggest___doing this_in a different way.
(3) The sadness on his face suggested that he__failed _ (fail)to pass the exam.
The teacher suggesed __ us having a rest /
/ we should take a rest _.
5. settle v. (使)定居，安顿，栖息；殖民；确定，解决
◆搭配：
（1）settle down定居,安下心来,专心致志,安坐
（2）settled the dispute解决争论
■运用：完成句子。
(1)你最好安定下来并开始复习功课。
____ You had better settle down and study the lesson.
(2)这一家人不久就在中国定居下来。
The family soon__ settled downinChina.
(3)让我们专心工作吧。
Let’s ___ settle down to our work___.
(4)他安坐在扶手椅里读—本新小说。
He___ settled down in his armchair_ to read a new novel.
6. harm n. & v. 伤害，损害，危害
◆搭配：熟记下列搭配。
(1) do harm to sb./ sth.= do sb. / sth. harm对……有害
(2)be harmful to对……有害
(3) do no harm无害
★拓展:写出适当的单词。
(1) __ harmful adj.有害的
(2) ____ harmless adj.无害的
■运用：用harm相关短语翻译下列句子。
(1)干旱给庄稼带来许多危害。
The drought____ does great harm to___the crops.
(2)吸烟对身体有害。
Smoking can____be harmful/do harm ___to health.
7. view n.视野；景色，风景；观点 v. 观看
◆搭配：说出下列短语的意思。
(1)point of view 观点
(2)his view of life 他的人生观
(3)in my view (=in my opinion) 依我看
■运用：用view翻译下列句子。
(1) 旁边的楼房挡住了视野。
The view is cut off/is blocked by the next building.
(2)你对学校的处罚有什么看法？
What is your view on school punishments?
(3)在我看来，他是个傻瓜。In my view, he’s a fool.
8. connect v.连接，接通，联系，使……有关
◆搭配：熟记下列搭配，特别是介词。
(1)connect...to/with把……与……相连接/联系起来
(2)be connected with与……有联系/有关
★拓展:
in connection with与……有关系，和……联络着
■运用：根据汉语意思完成下列句子。
(1)又给我接错了电话。
I was again _connected__(connect) to the wrong person.
(2)我们由“蓝”这个字会联想到晴空的颜色。
We__ connect the word“blue” with the color of the sky.
(3)请你将这根电线和电视机连上好吗？
Will you_connect this wire to_ the television?
9. average n. 平均，平均数；一般水平，平均标准
adj.（无比较级）平均的 v. 平均
◆搭配：(1) on (the) average 按平均数计算
(2) above/ below the average 超出/ 低于平均数
(3) an average of平均有(跟数词)
◇The average of 3, 7 and 8 is 6.
◇An average of two workers are absent each day.
■运用：翻译下列句子。
(1) 中国人每周平均上网17个小时。
_ The average time the Chinese people spend
online___is 17 hours perweek.
(2) 现时每日平均有43,000个访客来港。
On average, there are 43,000 visitors coming to HongKong every day.
重要词组
1. get in touch with和……取得联系
※用法:是短暂动词，不能与一段时间的状语连用。
◇I finally got in touch with him after getting separated for ten years.在10年的失散之后我终于与他取得了联系。
★联想：在空格处填上适当的动词。
(1)be in touch with与……有联系
(2) _keep__in touch with与……保持联系
(3) __lose__touch with与……失去联系
■运用：请用以上结构完成句子。
(1)我与他之间的联系有10年了。
I__ have been in touch with him for ten years.
(2)多多打电话给我，我不想与你失去联系。
Do telephone me as often as you can. I don’t want to lose touch with you__.
(3)我们现在通过QQ与他保持联系。
We now_____ keep in touch with him ____by QQ.
(4)我和他取得联系没有什么困难。
I have no difficulty_(in)getting in touch with him _.
2. be up to由……决定/负责，干……(doing)，达到，胜任
※用法:to是介词，后面跟名词、代词或动名词。
■运用：翻译下列句子。
(1)你什么时候走由你决定。
When you are leaving__ is up to you_______.
(2)去看看那个女孩在干什么？
Go and see_ what that girl is up to?
(3) Mike很胜任这份工作(this post)。
_ Mike is up to this post_.
(4)数字已经达到100了。
The number_ is up to 100 now __.
(5)我的英语水平还没达到能翻译那封信的水平。
My English__ isn’t up to translating that letter____.
3. come true 成真，实现
◇May all your dreams come true.梦想成真。
◇The prediction has come true. 预言变成了事实。
◇His words really came true. 他的话真的应验了。
※比较:注意两者的区别。
come true (vi.)没有被动语态,主语通常是something。
realize (vt.)有被动语态，意思为“实现”。
◇My wishes have been realized. =My wishes have come true.我的愿望实现了。
■运用：翻译下列句子。
(1)我相信只要你努力，你的梦想会实现的。
I’m sure your dream will___ come true_if you try your best.
=I’m sure your dream willbe realized if you try your best.
(2)心想事成。May all your wishes come true.
4. as well as也，又；和……一样好
※用法:
(1)表示“也，又”时，通常用来连接两个并列的结构，如名词，代词，动词等。当 as well as连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与前面的保持一致，重点在前面的名词，其结构可以与not only...but also互换，但not only... but also...中，重点在后面，谓语动词与最近的保持一致。
(2)表示“和……一样好”时，是比较结构。
■运用：用所给词的适当形式填空或完成句子。
(1) English as well as many other subjects, _is_ (be) of great importance.
=Not only English but also other subjects__are__ (be) of great importance.
(2)他英语讲得和他的老师一样好。
He speaks English___ as well as his teachers __ .
5. be known as作为……而出名
be known for因为……而出名
be known to sb.为某人所知
■运用：用适当的介词填空。
(1) My cousin, who is known _as_a workaholic, always works overtime.
(2) Shunde, a beautiful city in Guangdong, is known __for_electric appliances.
(3) As is known__to_all, Tibet is part of China.
6. in secret 秘密地(=secretly)
※说明: 英语中“in+抽象名词”可以在句中作状语，相当于与抽象名词同源的副词的作用。如：in peace = peacefully, in surprise=surprisedly, in anger=angrily, in excitement= excitedly, in silence = silently等。
■运用：翻译下列句子。
这两个社区和平相处。
The two communities live together in peace (with each another).
(2) 据说总统已经秘密逃往边境了。
__ It is said that the president has escaped to the
border in secret._
7. go on 发生；（情况、形式）继续下去，持续；（时间）流逝，过去（= go by）；(灯)亮，通(电)，开始运行；继续；（向前）前进
※理解:指出下列划线部分的意思。
You’ll ruin your health if you go on like that.
(2) What’s going on out there? 发生
(3) The light went on. （灯）亮
※用法:
(1)表示“发生”时，go on通常用于进行时。
(2)表示“继续做某事”时，有三个搭配。go on to do sth. (做完一件事)，接着做(另一件事)；go on doing sth. (继续做同一件事)；go on with sth.（同一件事情，可以有间隔）。
■运用：完成下列句子。
(1) 随着时间的推移，他变得越来越不耐烦。
__ As time went on __, he became more and more impatient.
(2) 如果我们继续污染它的话，那么这个世界将不再适合我们生存了。
The world won’t be fit for us to live in if we go on polluting it____.
8. feel like想（干）某事
※用法:后面接名词、代词或动名词。
★联想:
(1) would like to do sth. 想干某事
(2) would rather do sth. 宁愿干某事
■运用：我想参观科学博物馆。
I feel like visiting the Science Museum.
/ I’d like to visit the Science Museum.
难句分析： 1. Some specialists see our future in virtual reality — the use of computers with sounds and images that make you feel as if you are in a real situation. 有些专家看到了虚拟现实中我们的未来——运用计算机产生声音和视觉效果，使你感觉就好象生活在现实中一样。（Book II, P8）
结构分析：本句破折号后面是一个含有两个从句的复杂的名词短语，充当our future的同位语。中心词是the use of computer。with sounds and images是该中心词的后置定语；that makes you feel as if you are in a real situation充当前面sounds and images的定语从句；定语从句中as if... 在系动词feel后充当表语从句。
佳句诵译
1. It is clear that we are going to see an explosion of shopping on the Internet. 很显然，不远的将来我们就会看到网上购物狂潮。(BII P.8)
◆句型：It is clear / obvious that... 显然……；很清楚……
※提示：It是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，that不可省略。
■仿写：根据汉语意思，完成英文句子
(1) 显然，由于人为原因, 地球正在变暖。
It is obvious that ___ the earth is growing warmer.
(2) 由于金融危机，许多产业正面临着倒闭，这是一个很清楚的事实。
__It is clear/obvious that _many industries are going to close down because of the global financial crisis.
2. Auckland has a population of just under a million people. 奥克兰人口不到一百万。(BII P.14)
◆句型：has a population of... 有……人口
※提示：该句型作谓语用has，of后跟数字；作状语或定语时，可用同义的介词短语with a population of。
■仿写：根据汉语意思，完成英文句子
(1) 佛山拥有约610多万人口。
Foshan____ has a population of___ more than 610 million.
(2) 乐从是一个拥有9.2万多人的商业城镇。
Lecong is a commercial town with a population of more than 92,000.
3. Auckland is located on North Island. 奥克兰位于北岛上。(BII P.14)
◆句型：is located (situated ) at /in/on... 位于……
※提示：该句型作谓语用 is located (situated), 作状语或定语去掉is 。
■仿写：根据汉语意思，完成英文句子
(1) 佛山位于广东省中南部。
Foshan islocated in the central south of Guangdong province.
(2) 乐从是一个位于顺德西北部的商业城镇
Lecong is a commercial town_ located in_ the south-west of Shunde City.
4 former??? a．在前的，以前的，旧时的n．【the～】前者【辨析】former，preceding，previous和prior这几个词都可表示“以前的，先前的”，其中former指属于过去某一段时间的，即“从前的，前任的；preceding指时间、位置或顺序上居先，与定冠词连用含有”前一个，前几个“的意思；previous指在时间或顺序上”在前的，早先的“； prior除具有previous的上述意义外，还表示”更重要的“。The girl was a shop assistant；she is now a manager in a large department store．（CET-6，97．6—57）A）preliminarily B）presumably C）formally Dformerly
【答案】preliminarily意为“初步地”.presumably意为“可能、据推测”.formally意为“正式的”formerly意为“从前，以前”.prior形容词1.在先的,在前的;居先的No?prior?knowledge should be required.?2.优先的,更重要的He feels a?prior?obligation to his job as a journalist.?副词?ad.?1.在前;居先[(+to)]It happened?prior?to her departure.?5.field n.a.田野 fields of corn b.运动场，战场=ground a football field c, （电或磁场）d.领域，范围：the field of knowledge the field of business.
6 experiencen.
vt.　经受，体验，感受Have you ever experienced a flood?
have much teaching/working experience经验丰富
by/from experience凭经验；从经验中(得出)
in one’s experience据某人的经验看
experience in/of在……方面的经验
experienced adj.有经验的，熟练的
be experienced in在……方面有经验例句探源
①Children need to experience things for themselves in order to learn from them.
②You will have your choice between hot or cold rooms，but you will be well advised to stay at least one night in a cold room for a true experience.
③In my experience，these things never last very long.
④He had no experience of managing a farm.
7.lean
9. She tried to _____ out of the window to see the procession more clearly.A. bend B. lean C. bow D. slope
lean?vi. 倚，靠；lean out of the window(倚着窗户探出身去)lean against a tree(背倚靠着树)lean back in a chair (坐在椅子上背向后倾)lean on a desk(靠在桌上)，指胸对桌子。
Lesson 4
1. population 见上
2.go back to/date back to/date from
date back to可追溯到; date from从某时期开始(有)
语感稍有不同，前者和现在也有联系，而后者没有表明是否与现在有关。如: This kind of music dates from the 18th century. 这种音乐可追溯到18世纪。 The church dates back to 1173. 这座教堂从1173年就已存在。
date back to = date from 追溯到 [只能用主动语态，不可用被动] go back(to)回到某处:不一定是追溯，也可以地点上的回到go back to home回家.
3.surburb名词?n. [C]---downtown
a.(城市周围的)近郊住宅区(或村,镇)New?suburbs?burgeoned all around the city.?
城市周围新住宅区如雨后春笋般兴起。
b.郊区[the P]His family moved to the?suburbs.?c.边缘,外围[the P]The kingdom was in the?suburbs?of destruction.?countryside 常用来泛指一切乡村地域或居民。例如：?The countryside is the most beautiful at this time. country 作“乡村”讲时，侧重指区别于城市的乡间、乡下。例如：?They are leaving the country and moving into the town. 特别注意的是，country的另一个意思是“国家”，在这一点上，两者在使用中稍不注意就会出错。一般说来，表示“国家”的country可与不定冠词连用；而表示“乡村”之义的country则总是同定冠词一同出现。?　　village 一般指乡下的“村子”或“村落”。也可作形容词，表示“村庄的”、“乡下的”。例如：?go out to the villages下乡?village people村民，乡下人?village industry农村工业
4 protest
Protest about/against/at sth.对...提出抗议
Without protest没有任何反对地，一声不吭地
Under protest无奈地，不服气地，不甘心地
She accepted the charge without protest.
They didn’t make a protest against the we put forward at the meeting.
She wrote a letter of apology but only under protest.(无奈之下)
5 plenty of
plenty (of)通常不用于否定句在通常情况下
误：Have you plenty of food for the holidays?
正：Have you enough food for the holidays?
疑问句中通常用 enough 代替，否定句中通常用 much, many 代替. There isn’t much time. Is there enough time?
表示“大量”的短语：
??? a great deal可单独使用，也可以用在形容词或副词的比较级前，表示“大量；许多”；而a great deal of只能用在不可数名词前，表示“大量的”。如：We learned a great deal from them.我们从他们那里学到很多东西。
??? He ran a great deal faster than I.。
He has given me a great deal of help.
[拓展]?英语中有很多短语表示“大量；许多”，根据性质可分为以下三类：
修饰可数名词的有：a good / great many， a large / great number of， scores of等，谓语动词用复数形式。?
修饰不可数名词的有：a large amount of等，谓语动词用单数形式。如：He has spent a large amount of money on his new house.
??? 既能修饰可数名词，又能修饰不可数名词的有：a lot of， lots of， plenty of等，谓语动词根据被修饰的名词是可数还是不可数来决定单复数形式。如：?? There is a lot of / lots of rice in the bag.?? There are plenty of eggs in the fridge。??? Don‘t worry about it. We have plenty of time.不要着急，我们有充裕的时间。
6．The rest of
the rest of...指的是剩余部分的所有内容
the rest of...作主语是谓语动词的单复数取决与of 后边的名词.例如：The rest of the books are dull .The rest of oil is not enough .
?another, (the) other(s), else; the rest的用法辨析?1. another或“another＋单数可数名词”泛指“另一个，有一个，再一个”，其复数形式是others或“other＋复数名词”泛指“别人或别的物”，有some…others(一些…另一些…)之搭配。
?2. the other(+单数可数名词)特指两者中的另一个，常有one…the other(一个…另一个…)的搭配；其复数形式the others或“the other ＋复数名词”特指在某些人或物中，除去一部分后，“其余的”“剩下的”人或物。
3. another还可用于“another＋基数词或few＋复数名词”中，与“数词或some＋more/other ＋复数名词”相当。
4. 注意下列固定用法：other than(除……外), each other, one another(相互), one after another(一个接一个), “any other ＋单数名词”(别的/其他的任何一个)。
5. else只能放在复合不定代词或者疑问词后。If this dictionary is not yours, ______can it be? (2001春)??A. what else ??B. who else??C. which else's ?D. Who
6. the rest既可代替可数名词，也可代替不可数名词。而another, other, others, the other(s)只能代替可数名词。I have done much of the work. Could you please finish _____in two days?
?A. the rest??B. the other??C. another??D. the others7 regular
A new _____bus service to Tianjin Airport started to operate two months ago.
A.normal B.usual C.regularD. common
regular，定期的，固定的。这里是“到天津机场的定点班车”common ,ordinary,general,usual,normal,natural
有时可以互换。common是指“普通的，常见的，共同的，共有的，一般的，平常的”它的用法很简单，也很广泛。在表示以上意思的情况下你都可以用这个单词。
另外，也有一些固定搭配。如：common knowledge 是指“常识”。ordinary也是指“普通的，平常的”当表示这层意思时可以与common互换，另外，它也有“平淡的，平庸的”意思， ordinary life 表示平淡的生活。general重在指“全面的，普遍的总体的，整体的，常规的”你在翻译句子时经常会遇到“大家都认为......”这里就需要用general来翻译成“It is generally believed that......”usual表示“经常的，通常的，寻常的，惯常的”，一般用在表示做某事的频率里面。normal主要是指“正常的，平常的，正规的，标准的”如，normal standard 就是指“标准水平”的意思。
natural主要是指“天然的，自然的，天生的”强调一种自然而然的状态。
8 take over
take in吸收take for 误认为take out 拿出 take down 放下take up从事；拿起；占据（时间或空间）take off 飞机起飞；脱下；休假；走红take by攻占 take after像take along 随身携带take away带走，拿走；使离去take back 收回（说错的话）；退回(所购商品);使忆起take charge 负责，掌管 take on呈现；雇佣 take out拿出；带……出去take over 接管，接任take place发生take to开始喜欢；染上……习惯 take with 与……混在一起。
It is certain that he will _____ his business to his son when he gets old. (2004 福建)
A. take over B. think over C. hand over D. go over
Communication Worshop
Spider蜘蛛 fly苍蝇
Culture Corner
1 civil—official
civil市民的,国民的,公民的;民用的the?civil?rights movement 民权运动b.一般平民的,民间的;文职的;世俗的
It might be long before?civil?government would be re-established.?
c．【律】民事的;法定的a?civil?case民事案件
d.彬彬有礼的,客气的;文明的It's?civil?of you to say so.?你这样说是很有礼貌的。
e.国内的civil?war.?official形容词?a.?官员的;公务上的
The President's?official?duties include being Commander in Chief.?总统的职责包括担任总司令。
b.官方的,法定的;正式的Is the news?official??c.摆官架子的;讲究形式的His?official?airs offended her.?名词?n. [C]官员,公务员The mayor is an elected?official.?civilian：名词?n. [C]平民,百姓形容词?a.?平民的;百姓的;民用的civilian?clothes?便服
2 pension名词?n. [C]退休金;养老金;抚恤金She lived on a small?pension.?她以一点退休金为生。
10 consist of/include/contain/be made up of/be composed of/make up/constitute/involve/comprise/部分+comprise（要用复数，主语是很多个部分）+整体
3 rainfall,waterfall(瀑布)降雨,下雨;降雨量[U][C]There was another?rainfall?early this morning.?今天清晨又下了一场雨。?What is the average annual?rainfall?in this region??这个地区的年平均降雨量是多少?
4 cut down,cut up
cut down1. 削减He tried to cut down on smoking but failed.
2. 缩短Cut down the article so as to make it fit the space available on the paper.
3. 砍倒 cut down the trees
cut up1. 切开;切碎Cut up the carrots before you put them into the pot.
2. 抨击The article was severely cut up by some critics.
cut off
1. 切除He had a finger cut off by a machine while working.
2. 切断;中断I was cut off on my line to London.
3. 使死亡He was cut off in his prime.
5 origin—original
Origin—n.
---起源;由来;起因
What was the?origin?of the quarrel??---出身;门第;血统[U]
His?origins?were humble.?
Original--adj. 形容词?
---最初的,本来的;原始的
The?original?price of the car was a bit too high.?
---有独创性的;新颖的;奇特的He is an?original?dramatist.?---原作的;原本的This is an?original?painting by Picasso.?---n.原物, 原作(c)
6 spring泉；根源,源泉[C]Her vanity was the?spring?of her unhappiness.?她的虚荣心是她不幸的起因。
fountain（人造喷泉;喷水池）
(知识等的)源泉;根源[(+of)]Ancient Greece was a?fountain?of wisdom and philosophy.?
Woman, in your laughter you have the music of the fountain of life.女士，在你的笑声里有生命之泉的音乐（泰戈尔）。
(smile和laugh，但前者无声，后者有声。诗人选用有声的laughter（laugh的名词形式），是基于对后面有声音乐的考虑。泉，英文中最常见的有两个词，即spring和fountain。二者的区别在于，前者是天然，后者是人造。如山中天然的泉是spring，园中人造的泉是fountain。
Hot spring温泉， fountain pen自来水笔
7 Pigeons are a symbol of peace.
Bulletin Board
1 for...purpose
On purpose=by design故意做
By accident/by chance偶然
By no accident绝非偶然
I don’t think he hurt her on purpose.
2 not...any more, no longer
no longer通常置于行为动词之前，动词be之后，偶尔也置于全句的末尾。?①He no longer lives here. ②Don’t worry about her. After all she is no longer a child .③I shall wait no longer.
no longer 常可相当于not…any longer. not 用来否定谓语, any longer 置于句末。上面的句子可分别改作:?①He don’t live here any longer.?②Don’t worry about her. After all she isn’t a child any longer.?③I shall not wait any longer.?
注意：no more（相当于not…any more）也是“不再”的意思。no longer是把现在的情况和过去对比，时态以现在时为多，有时也用过去时或将来时；no more 指今后如何，通常用将来时态。?①I can no longer stand it.②I will go there no more.美国人有时用起来比较随便。?He is no more/no longer ill.他的病好了。?另外：涉及数量或程度时要用no more; 谈到时间表示once but not now（有一度、曾经那样，但现在不了时），要用no longer.?①There is no more bread.没有面包了。?②I no longer support the Conservative Party.我不再支持保守党了。（曾经支持过）?
课件11张PPT。Lesson 1 Vocabulary 3. Some experts are _________ (悲观的) about the future. 2. In the last thirty years, the internet has grown ______ (quickly).affectpessimistic 1.Peter Taylor finds out how computers and the internet are going to _______ (influence) our lives. rapidlyComplete the blanks4. In the future, terrorists may “_______” （攻击）the world’s computers, cause ______ (混乱)。chaos5. Anyone who commits a ______ (犯罪) will not escape from being punished。crime6. Even now, young ________(黑客) can get into the computers of banks and governments.hackersattack7. In the future, terrorists may “attack” the world’s computers, cause ______ (混乱)。chaosentertainment 8. We will get ____________ (娱乐) from the Net and that television will probably ________ (消失).disappear 9. Virtual reality is the use of computers with sounds and pictures that make you feel _______ (好像) you are in real situation.as ifLesson 2 Vocabulary 1. It’s strange but the internet was started by the ______ (军队)。 2. In the 1960s the Pentagon were worried about communications after a ______________ (核战)。 3. People in universities all over the world began to use the ______ (网络) to share ideas.militarynuclear warnetwork5. Do you _____ (喜欢) doing something on Friday night? 4. On Friday there is a ______ (时尚) show.
fashionfancyLesson 3 Vocabulary 1. What’s more, we wouldn’t have to spend along time travelling on planes to get to our holiday _________ (目的的)。 2. We won’t have to go there ______________ (亲自)at all。 3. The Great Wall is one of the famous ____________ (历史遗址) in Beijing。destinationin the fleshhistorical sitesLesson 4 Vocabulary1. Auckland is ______ (位于) on North Island.2. The history of the city goes back 650 years when the Maoris _____ (定居) in the area.3. It has a warm climate with plenty of ___ (阳光). 4. Famous sights include Mt Eden, one of many large ________(火山)，_______ (和；还有)
the Auckland Harbor Bridge.locatedsettledsunshinevolcanoesas well asUnit4 CYBERSPACE 单元词汇构成法导学学案
1. 请观察以下合成词，并找出其规律。
paperwork 文书工作 lifestyle 生活方式 shepherd 牧羊人
midnight 午夜 forecast 预报 bridegroom 伴郎
练习： 根据以上规律，猜测下列合成词的中文意思，并和课文UNIT4单词表进行核对。
cyberspace _____________ network _____________ waterproof _____________
seaside _____________ sunshine _____________ background _____________
breakthrough _____________ chairman _____________ copyright _____________
feedback _____________ downtown _____________ landscape _____________
outstanding _____________ overcome _____________ underestimate _____________
shortcoming _____________ somewhat _____________ worthwhile _____________
2. 请观察以下常见否定前缀（Prefixes)，并找出其规律。
(1) dis-: disagree (不同意), dislike (不喜欢), disabled (残疾的)
(2) in-(il-, im-, ir-): incorrect (错误的), impossible (不可能的), irregular (不定期的),
(3) un-: unhappy (不高兴的), unable (不能), unfit (不合适的),
(4) non-: nonstop (不停的)
(5) ab- : abnormal (不正常的，反常的)
(6) de-: decrease (减少)， decolor (脱色; 漂白)
(7) anti-: anti-Japanese (抗日), anti-social (厌恶社会的; 反社会的)
练习：根据以上规律，猜测下列合成词的中文意思，并和课文UNIT4单词表进行核对。
appear（出现）--- disappear _____________ advantage(优点)---disadvantage _____________
honorable 荣誉的，光彩的 dishonorable _____________
non-smoker _____________ non-electrical _____________
disconnect _____________ inability _____________
inaccurate _____________ impolite _____________
illegal _____________ illogical _____________
irregular _____________ irresistible _____________
unfinished _____________
3. 请观察以下后缀（Suffixes)，并找出其规律。
1) 表示“人”的后缀
-er banker 银行家; partner 搭档；reporter记者；teenager 青少年；volunteer 志愿者
-er teacher 老师； writer 作者
-or inventor 发明家； author 作者
-ant accountant 会计
2) 支持或信奉……的人，……主义者
-ist
terror 恐怖 → terrorist 恐怖主义者 social 社会的 → socialist 社会主义者
练习：根据以上规律，猜测下列词的中文意思，并和课文UNIT4单词表进行核对。
author ____________ writer ____________ attendant ____________
smoker ____________ scientist ____________ terrorist ____________
4. 抽象名词后缀，表“行为、动作的后果”
-ion union联合; collection 收集; revolution 改革；presentation 展示； graduation 毕业；
occasion 场合；celebration 庆祝； tradition 传统；reception 接待； invitation 邀请；
decoration 装饰； production 生产； congratulation 恭喜
-ment punishment惩罚；management管理；embodiment 体现；化身
-th warmth温暖 depth深度 length长度 breadth宽度 width宽度
练习： 根据以上规律，请写出下列词的中文意思。
entertainment _____________ arrangement _____________ settlement _____________
destruction _____________ fashion _____________ suggestion _____________
destination _____________ location _____________ weight _____________
growth _____________ length _____________
5. 请观察以下形容词后缀（Suffixes)，并发现其规律。
1）属于…的；与…有关的
-al emotional感情的 professional职业的 global全球的
-ial presidential总统的 racial 种族的
2）具有…性质的
-ical typical典型的 historical历史的
练习： 根据以上规律，请写出下列词的中文意思。
global ___________ artificial ___________ virtual ___________
historical ___________ central ___________
6. 请欣赏以下副词后缀（Suffixes)，并发现其规律。
1）-ly （一般加在形容词后面，就原意构成副词） carefully 小心地
特别注意：少数形容词变成副词后意义发生变化 hardly几乎不 shortly不久
练习： 根据以上规律，请写出下列词的中文意思。
likely ___________ friendly ___________ hardly ___________
Unit 4 基础知识专练
I. 根据下列句子及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出各单词的正确形式。
1. It took us a long time to get to our d____________ by car.
2. The floods brought death and ____________ (破坏) to the area.
3. We’ve had several ____________ (建议) on the name of the baby.
4. There have been many ____________ (科学的) discoveries in recent years.
5. This summer I went to Beijing and visited some places of ____________ (历史的) interest.
6. The town provides a choice of ____________ (娱乐) on National Day.
7. Surf the Internet and you can find many useful learning ____________ (材料).
8. Go out in spring and enjoy the beautiful ____________ (阳光).
II. 用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. Our school is ____________ (locate) in the center of the city.
2. She made a new ____________ (arrange) for the interview with Professor Liu.
3. Because of pollution some animals have already ____________ (appear).
4. Our president will be on an ____________ (officially) visit to Germany next month.
5. The Great Wall and the Summer Palace ____________(attractive) a lot of tourists.
6. The man sat at his ____________ (regularly) table near the window.
III. 用适当的介词填空。
1. In my opinion, those who are optimistic ____________ life live a happy life.
2. Whether we’ll go swimming tomorrow depends ____________ the weather.
3. I’m poor at math and my elder brother often helps me ____________ it.
4. Every day he spends half an hour ____________ watching CCTV news.
5. He was lost in the forest and couldn’t get ____________ touch with his family.
6. Seven prisoners are on hunger strike in protest ____________ their treatment.
IV. 根据汉语意思和英文提示完成下列句子，每空一词。
1. In 1983, there were only 200 computers connected to the Internet.
In 1983, there were only 200 computers ______ ______ ______ ______ the Internet.
2. What are you going to do this weekend?
What are you ______ ______ this weekend?
3. China is a big country with a population of more than 1.3 billion.
China is a big country, ______ ______ a population of more than 1.3 billion.
4. Smoking is harmful to health.
Smoking ______ ______ to health.
V. 根据括号内的提示，将下列句子翻译成英语。
1. 环保专家建议立刻采取措施应对全球变暖问题。（suggest; take action; deal with）
2. 很清楚，在今后几年里气候将发生变化。（It is clear that…）
3. 快点， 还剩下50分钟了， 还有很长的路要走呢。 大约有500听众在等着你呢。（there be + n. + 非谓语动词）
4. 我收到了一封用黑色墨水写的信。 （过去分词作后置定语）
5. 我下星期要完成的文章是关于西方文化的。（动词不定式作后置定语）
Unit4 Key:
I. 1. destination 2. destruction 3. suggestions 4. scientific 5. historical / historic
6. entertainment 7. materials 8. sunshine
II. 1. located 2. arrangement 3. disappeared 4. official 5.attract 6. regular
III. 1. about 2. on 3. with 4. in 5. in 6. against
IV. 1. which / that were connected to 2. up to 3. which has 4. does harm
V.
1. Experts on the environment suggest that immediate action should be taken to deal with the global warming.
2. It is clear in the next few years that the Earth’s climate is going to change.
3. Hurry up! There are 50 minutes left, and it’s a long way for you to go. Moreover, there are about 500 listeners waiting for you.
4. I received a letter written in black ink.
5. My article to be finished next week is about Western culture.
单选：Unit 4
1. In his fifties, Karl Marx found ______ important to study the situation of Russia.
A. this B. that C. it D. one
2. —Do you fancy going to see the film “Shrek the Third”?
—______. I’ve got a lot of homework to do.
A. Great, I’d love to B. Well, I can’t C. Of course D. I don’t agree
3. —I’ve got different results with the same experiment.
—Why ______ it once more?
A. don’t do B. not to do C. to not do D. not do
4. Though he is seriously ill, he is optimistic ______ the future.
A. to B. with C. at D. about
5. I suggested ______ this Sunday afternoon, but they disagreed.
A. to go swimming B. go swimming C. we swimming D. going swimming
6. It is said that the new stadium can hold 50,000 people when it ______ next spring.
A. will complete B. will be completed C. is completing D. is completed
7. If I ______ enough money, I would buy the dictionary now.
A. have B. had C. will have D. would have
8. Here is my telephone number and address. Let’s keep in ______.
A. touch B. relation C. connection D. feeling
9. — ______ is the population of the town?
— About 30, 000.
A. What B. How much C. How many D. Which
10. The woman, as well as her two brothers, ______ invited to the party yesterday.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
11. ______ the lights off, we could not go on with the work.
A. Until B. As C. With D. Because of
12. It wouldn’t do him any ______ to have to work harder.
A. pains B. injuries C. harm D. trouble
13. —Can you see the man over there? He is looking here and there.
—Yes, ______ he is looking for something.
A. even if B. as if C. if only D. what if
14. Every time I am in trouble, he always ______ me as much help as he can.
A. supplies B. provides C. prefers D. offers
15. The ______ age of the boys in our class is seventeen.
A. average B. obvious C. central D. regular
单选答案：
Unit 4：1-5 CBDDD 6-10 DBAAA 11-15 CCBDA
Unit 4 Cyberspace
重点单词及短语过关检测
班级________ 姓名_______ 得分________
一、重点单词：
1、网络空间 n. _________ 2、全球的，全世界的_________ 3、artificial adj. _________
4、climate n. _________ 5、virtual adj. _________ 6、reality n. _________ 7、影响 vt._________
8、快，迅速地 adv. _________ 9、罪犯 n. _________ 10、娱乐、款待 n. _________
11、attack vt. & n. _________ 12、crash vt. _________ 13、提供，提议 n./vt. _________
14、terrorist n. _________ 15、obvious adj. _________ 16、destruction n. _________
17、nuclear adj. _________ 18、project n. _________ 19、suggestion n _________
20、拒绝，不接受 vt. _________ 21、目的地 n. _________ 22、历史的，有关历史的 adj. _________
23、suburb n. _________ 24、观光、浏览 n. _________ 25、使……坐落于，位于 vi. _________
26、settle vi. _________ 27、百万富翁 n. _________ 28、average adj. _________
29、regular adj. _________ 30、material n. _________ 31、officially adv. _________
32、attractive adj. _________ 33、_________n. 概念 34、集中注意 vi. _________
35、waist n. _________ 36、画廊 n. _________ 37、水灾 n. _________
38、virus n. _________ 39、伤害，损害 vt. & n. _________ 40、military adj. _________
41、scientific adj. _________ 42、脚趾 n. _________ 43、火山 n. _________
44、海港 n. _________ 45、view n. _________ 46、location n. _________ 47、scenery n. _________
48、蜘蛛 n. _________ 49、title n. _________ 50、时髦，时尚 n. _________ 51、optimistic adj. _________
二、词汇拓展：
1、global _________ (n.) 2、reality _________ (adj.) 3、affect _________ (n.) 4、growth _________ (vi.)
5、pessimistic _________ (反义词) 6、criminal _________ (n.) 7、entertainment _________ (vt.)
8、disappear _________ (反义词) 9、harm _________ (adj.) 10、fashion _________ (adj.)
11、arrangement _________ (vt.) 12、suggest _________ (n.) 13、smoker _________ (反义词)
14、locate _________ (n.) 15、settle _________ (n.) 16、central _________ (n.)
17、regular _________ (adv.) 18、officially _________ (adj.)
三、用所给单词的适当形式填空：
1. It is l_________(可能) that we will finish M2U4 within 10 periods if everything goes smoothly.
2. You are supposed to ____________(集中) your attention---time and efforts--- on listening, speaking, reading and writing if you want to get your English improved.
3. He didn’t quite get used to the c_________(气候) in the north as he used to live in the south.
4. Nowadays, more and more youth get involved in e__________(娱乐) from the Internet.
5. I arrived home only to find the house was in c____________ as if it had just been robbed.
6. Due to careless driving, the car driver had his car c____________ into a lightening post on the road.
7. It is o_________ that the more time you spend on English, the better grades you will achieve.
8. The devoted scientists are doing ____________(科学) research in chemical science.
9.Nowadays more and more sophisticated weapons are used for ___________(军事) purposes.
10. I often f__________ furthering my studies at Harvard. --- Don’t daydream.
11. She r___________(拒绝) our arrangement, and did it in her own way.
12. The Summer Palace, the Forbidden City and the Great Wall in Beijing are the most attractive d___________ for tourists at home and abroad.
13. He said he would not come to meet me here, so I would like to see in the f__________.
14. Yuanming Park is one of the h____________ sites, which leaves us a sad story.
15.We are on good terms, as we have a gathering party at r____________ time.
16. L____________ in the North China Plain, Beijing is the capital city of China, serving as a center of politics and culture.
17. On the seaside, tourists can breathe fresh air and enjoy lots of s_________.
18. T__________ is a sunshine business/ industry for Tibet, which attracts millions of tourists at home and abroad.
19. On the a__________, the air temperature in winter in Beijing varies from -5℃ to 10 degrees Celsius。
20. On the Great Wall, tourists might have a bird’s-eye v__________ of the whole city of Beijing.
Keys:
三
likely
focus
climate
entertainment
chaos
crash
obvious
scientific
military
fancy
rejected
destinations
flesh
historical
regular
Located
sunshine
Tourism
average
view
高一unit4词组验收
in the last thirty years……(have/has done)
1在过去的三十年当中
connect to
2.和…… 连接
be pessimistic about
3.对…… 很悲观
be optimistic about
4.对…… 很乐观
get into the computers of banks
5.进入银行的电脑
cause chaos
6.引起混乱
find out
7.找到，发现
all sorts of information
8.各种各样的信息
It is clear/ obvious that…
9. 很明显/清楚
in the future
10. 在将来
with the increasing use of e-mail
11. 随着电子邮件使用的增加
virtual reality
12. 虚拟现实
as if
13. 似乎，好像
take immediate action
14.采取立即行动
see/catch/ find sb. doing sth.
15.看到某人在做某事
because of global warming
16.由于全球变暖
hang on
17.别挂断电话
fancy doing sth.
18.幻想做某事
be up to
19.做，从事于
have sth. done
20.某人做了某事（让别人做的）
suggest doing sth. / suggest that sb. (should) do sth.
21.建议做某事 / 建议某人做某事
spend time (in) doing sth.
22.花费时间做某事
in the flesh
23.本人亲自
imagine doing sth.
24.想象做某
not only… but also…
25.不仅， 而且
go on an around- the –world tour
26.环游世界的旅行
go on a world-famous university
27.上一所世界著名的大学
What’s the population of…
28.有多少人口?
be located in/ to/ on…
29.位于
go back to/ date back to / date from
30.追溯到
as well as
31.也，又，还
plenty of sunshine
32.充足的阳光
average temperature
33.平均气温
be known as…
34.被认为是
get in touch with / keep in touch with
35. 取得联系 / 保持联系
offer sb. sth / offer sth. to sb./
supply sb. with sth. / provide sb. with sth.
36.给某人提供某物
come true
37.实现
affect our life
38.影响我们的生活
do water sports
39.进行水上运动
Why not do…?
40.为什麽不做？
find it + adj. to do sth.
41.觉得做某事怎么样
have some problems with…
42.有….问题
since then
43.自从那时
go camping
44.去露营
do harm to
45.伤害、损害
in fashion / out of fashion
46.流行/ 不流行
make a suggestion
47.提建议
regular international flights
48. 定期国际航班
enjoy an amazing view from…
49.从…看到令人惊奇的景色
feel excited just thinking about …
50.一想到…就感到兴奋
Unit Four—Cyberspace
I . 根据所给提示，在空白处填上合适的单词，使句子完整。
I am sure he has got involved in some kind of _______________(犯罪的) activity.
Usually, the leader has a very ________ (科学的) method of dealing with political problems.
How long will it be before we get to the________(目的地)?
The house has wonderful _______________ (景色) over the valley.
Of course, you need to pay more for houses with a c location.
She has made r________ progress in English this term, which makes his teacher happy.
It is h________ to your eyes to watch TV for a long time.
The world Trade Center was a________ by terrorists and fell to the ground.
Tom left that position because he was o________ a job in London.
Our president will be on an _____ (officially) visit to Germany next month.
II. 用下列词组的适当形式填空。
depend on, take action, be known as, consist of ， be located in,
as well as , come true , up to , date back to, be optimistic about
Jackie Chen ___________ a very excellent actor, who has got many prizes of the world.
---What time will you arrive?
---I don’t know. It ___________ the traffic.
His dream to be a doctor ___________ at last.
The Bank of China ___________ the center of the city.
The city has lots of good beaches for water sports ___________ lots of good places to fish.
The old temple has a long history which ___________ 800 years ago.
---My brother has locked himself in his room for a whole morning.
---What is he ___________?
He ___________everything because he has a positive attitude.
The medical team ___________ ten nurses and three doctors.
We must ___________ to prevent the spread of bird flu.
III. 翻译句子
1、近十年，人们的生活消费提升了百分之四十。
__________________________________________________________________________________
2、很明显她很久没有和她的家人联系了。
__________________________________________________________________________________
3、学生们在英语语法方面很有困难。
__________________________________________________________________________________
4、妈妈建议我们去夏威夷度假。
__________________________________________________________________________________
5、想象一下就在此地遇见她！你认为她会跟你说什么呢？
__________________________________________________________________________________
6、天气很冷。看上去快要下雪了。
__________________________________________________________________________________
7、中国人口比西班牙的多。
__________________________________________________________________________________
8、我怎样处理这事和你没关。
__________________________________________________________________________________
9、他不可能接受这样的建议。
__________________________________________________________________________________
10、父母的所作所为往往对他们的孩子有深远的影响。
_____________________________________________________ ________________
IV．根据课文填空
L1 Tomorrow’s World
In the last thirty years, the Internet ___1___ rapidly. In 1983, there were only 200 computers ___2__ to the Internet; now there are around 50 million and this ___3__ is clearly going to continue.
Some experts are pessimistic about the future. One __4____ is crime in cyberspace. Even now, young hackers can get into the computers of banks and governments. In the future, terrorists may ___5___ the world’s computers, ___6_ chaos, and make planes and trains ___7___.
However , many people are ___8___about the future of the Internet. People will shop on the Internet and get ____9___ from the Net. And with the increasing use of e-mail, the mail service may also ___10___ . Some experts believe virtual reality will become a part of modern life.
L4 Auckland New Zealand
Auckland is ___1___ on North Island in New Zealand. It has a ___2____ of just under a million people and it has large modern ___3____. This seaside city is an important ___4___for business and industry. The history of the city ___5___650 years when the Maoris settled in the area. In 1840, some people from Europe began to ___6___ in the area. You can ___7___ many amazing views there, such as some large volcanoes, the Sky Tower ___8__ the Auckland Harbour Bridge. Auckland is called “the city of sail” because it has more boats than ___9___ else in the world. It has a warm climate with plenty of ___10___ and you can do water sports: swimming, diving, and so on.
V. 选择填空
1. I find ________ strange ________ she doesn’t want to go swimming.
A. that; that B. one; why C. it; when D. it; that
2. —Can I join your club, Dad?
—You can when you _________ a bit older.
A. get　　　　B. will get　　 C. are getting　　 D. will have got
3.—If you like I can do some shopping for you?
—That’s a very kind________.
A. offer B. service C. point D. suggestion
4. —Shall we go to the art exhibition right away?
—________.
A. It’s your opinion B. I don’t mind
C. It’s all up to you D. That’s your decision
5. Look，dark clouds are gathering. It ________ soon.
A. will rain B. is going to C. is to rain D. is raining
6. --- What did you suggest________, Joan?
--- I suggested ________ her father for his opinion.
A. her doing, to ask B she did; asking C. her to do; to ask D. she do; asking
7. I’m feeling sorry that my mother died of cancer.
Now if I ________ a millionaire, I ________ a hospital for those with cancer.
A. had been; would have opened B. were; would open
C. was; would open D. am; will open
8. Today 85% of the Australian population ________in the great cities ________ around the coast.
A. lives; locating B. lived; locating C. living; located D. live; located
9. Robberies often happen around the hospital. A nurse was walking home last Sunday night when
she ________.
A. was to be attacked B. had got attacked
C. was going to attack D. got attacked
10. She has failed many times, but is _________ that she will succeed one day.
A. obvious B. confident C. attractive D. pessimistic
VI．翻译下面短文
北京,世界最大的城市之一,位于中国的北部, 占地16，808平方公里，有超过1900万人口，是中国的政治和文化中心； 它历史悠久可以追溯到元朝；它名胜众多，有长城,故宫,颐和园等，这些令人叹为观止的景观，吸引着五湖四海的游客； 它气候温和，尤其秋天,既不冷也不热；这里交通便利，人们乘车可以去各个地方。
key：
I .
1. criminal 2. scientific 3. destination 4. scenery 5. central
6. rapid 7.harmful 8. attacked 9. offered 10. official
II.
1. is known as 2. depends on 3. came true 4.is located in 5. as well as
6. dates back to 7. up to 8.is optimistic about 9. consists of 10. take action
III．
In the last 10 years, the living cost has gone up by 40 percent.
It is obvious that she hasn’t been in touch with her family for a long time.
The students have difficulty with English grammar.
Mum suggested that we spend our holiday in Hawaii.
Imagine meeting her right here! What do you think she will say to you?
It’s very cold. It seems that it is going to snow.
The population of China is much larger than that of Spain.
How I will deal with this matter has nothing to do with you.
She is unlikely to accept this suggestion./It’s not likely that he will accept such an offer.
What parents do has a far-reaching effect on their children.
IV．
L1：1. has grown, 2. connected, 3. growth, 4. worry, 5. attack,
6. cause, 7. crash , 8. optimistic, 9. entertainment, 10. disappear,
L4: 1. located 2. population 3. suburbs 4. center 5. goes back
6. settle 7. enjoy 8. as well as 9. anywhere 10. sunshine
V．
1-5 DAACB 6-10 DBCDB
VI.
Beijing, one of the largest cities in the world, covers an area of 16,808 square kilometers. It is located in the north of China and has a large population of over 19 million people. This wealthy city is an important centre for politics and culture. It has a long history which dates back to the Yuan Dynasty. Famous sights include the Great Wall, the Summer Palace as well as the Forbidden City. These breathtaking sights attract people all over the world. The climate here is mild especially in autumn when it is neither too cold nor too hot. Public transport of the city is efficient, which can take you to anywhere you want to go.
课件27张PPT。 Unit 4 cyberspace
Communication WorkshopwritingObjectivesBy the end of this lesson , you will be able to
write an Internet page to introduce one of the largest cities in China.Task 1Introduce AucklandReviewExample 1. Introduction
Location
General
Population
History
……
2. Sightseeing (Things to see)
3. Entertainment (Things to do)A Page for AucklandGeneralExample Auckland is the largest city in New Zealand, a seaside city, an important center for business and industry, and the most exciting city.Auckland is a seaside city which is famous for…LocationIt is on North Island.
It lies on North Island.
It is located on North Island.
It is to the north of Wellington.Example Example PopulationAuckland is the largest city and an important center
with a population of under a million.Auckland has a population of under a million.Example HistoryMaoris settled 650 years ago and European settlement began in 1840.Example ClimateIt has a warm climate with…

The average temperature in …is…Example Sightseeing ( Things to see )Famous sights include the Harbor Bridge, the Parnell Village as well as the Sky Tower.
There are many places worth visiting such as ...Example Entertainment ( Things to do )There are many things to do in
Auckland such as ...introduce a placehistorythings to seelocationclimatethings to dopopulationlayoutSentence patterns and expressionsLocation:
is/ lies; is located in/to/on…
Population:
…has a population of…
…with a population of…General:
…is the largest city
…is one of the largest cities
… is famous for/as…
…is a center of
… is a political and cultural centerSentence patterns and expressionsClimate:
…has a warm climate with…
Sightseeing:
Famous sights include … as well as…
Leisure:
There are many things to do in… such as...Sentence patterns and expressionsAn Internet PagelogoGeneralLocationPopulationHistorySightseeingLeisureTask 2: Complete the notes about Sydney with this information :
3. 9 million, Chinatown,
Sydney Harbor Bridge ,
seaside city,
surfing,
Sydney Tower,
official created a city Introduction /history
Sydney
Located: South –eastern coast of Australia/__________
General : modern/beautiful city
Population: almost __________.
history: founded in
1788/1842__________________.3.9 millionseaside cityofficial created a city2. Things To See
Places to visit: Sydney Opera House/___________________
Darling Harbor/_____________
Scenery: beach/forest/mountainsSydney Harbor BridgeSydney Tower3. Things to Do
Sports: sailing/_________/Bondi Beach
Tourism: Blue Mountains
Going out: international
cuisine/__________ChinatownsurfingTask 3: Use your notes to write key sentences for each paragraph about your area.For example:
Sydney is modern city located in South –eastern coast of Australia.Have a tryIt is known to all that Sydney Opera House has become a symbol of Sydney.
Darling Harbor also attract a lot of tourism as well.
Sydney, official created a city , which has a population of 3.9 million was founded in 1788/1842.Sydney is a paradise of sailing , every year a great many come here for the sport.Sailing is not the only thing you can do in Sydney, which is also home to surfing , one of the most challenging sports.Task 3: Writing practiceMake an Internet page for the school website.
Introduce one of the largest cities of China to foreigners.
Find information for your Internet page.HomeworkType your writing on your computer and save it as an Internet page.
Choose at least 1 “hot word” on your Internet page which someone could click on to get more information about the topic.
Make a fact file according to the culture练习：
1. 请介绍你最喜欢的一个城市
Vancouver is an attractive city located on the Pacific Coast of Canada in the province of British Columbia. It is a multicultural city with a population of over half a million people. It was founded in 1862 and its original name was "Gas Town". There are many places worth visiting like Stanley Park and the Vancouver Aquarium. An interesting place to visit is the Gallery of Tribal Art. There are many things to do in Vancouver and it is a great place for sailing and skiing. You can also watch some ice hocky, the city's main sport. As well as that, there are many places to visit outside the city like Victoria Island and the Rocky Mountain.
2. 根据以下内容写一篇100词左右的说明文，标题为“Australia”。
1)、澳大利亚位于太平洋的西侧，是大洋洲（Oceania）最大的国家，面积760万平方公里。
2)、人口稀少，只有2，000多万，多数集中在东部沿海地区。
3)、首都堪培拉（Canberra）风景秀丽。
4)、悉尼（Sydney）是澳大利亚最大城市。有许多名胜，其中悉尼歌剧院（Opera House）闻名于世。2000年奥运会就是在悉尼举行.
Sample one
Australia, the largest country in Oceania, lies on the west coast of the Pacific. It covers an area of 7.6 million square kilometers. It has a small population of over 20 million. Most of its population live in the east of the country by the sea. Canberra, the capital of Australia, is a beautiful city. Sydney is the biggest city in Australia, which has many places of interest. The Opera House is well known all over the world. The 2000 Olympic Games were held in Sydney.
So you can see that how important the Sydney is. In a word, if you want to travel abroad，Australia is a right place.
Sample two
Once a great prison of the British Empire, Australia is now one of the most developed countries in the world. It is located in the south hemisphere and to the west of the Pacific Ocean. A total land area of 760 million square kilometers makes Australia the largest country in Oceania. It’s amazing that the density of population in such a huge country is so small. The entire island holds only 10 million people in total while most of whom are concentrated on the east coast. Unlike many other countries in the world, the capital of Australia is not its largest city, but the people of Canberra are always proud of the beauty of their home. Sydney is made famous by the 2000 Olympic Games. Although it doesn’t have the honor to be the capital of the great nation, Sydney owns hundreds of places that people all around the world dream of seeing. The Opera House is most talked about among these places. The sail-like or shell-like house is what marks the biggest city of Australia and often Australia itself.
4. 使用本单元的词汇，简要向大家介绍Santa Fe （the capital of New Mexico, U.S.A. ）
Santa Fe, the capital of New Mexico, U.S.A., is in the central part of the state, on the Santa Fe River, which flows into the Rio Grande 35 kilometers west of the city. More than two thousand meters above sea level, it lies in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains with the Ortiz Mountains to the southeast. Santa Fe was founded in 1609 by the Spanish on an old Indian village. In 1680 the Indians seized the place but only held it for twelve years before the Spanish retook it. The city remained under Spanish rule until Mexico won its independence in 1821. From then on it was a Mexican city until 1846 when it was taken over by U.S.A. troops.
With a population of 48,953, Santa Fe is now the second largest city in the state. Because of its sunny weather, rich history and surrounding mountains, it is a good place for holiday makers. Besides hunting and skating in the mountains people enjoy shopping in the Indian and Spanish shops, which brings a large income to the city every year.
运用四单元所学重点单词和短语，翻译下面短文。
北京,世界最大的城市之一,位于中国的北部, 占地16，808平方公里，有超过1900万人口, 是中国的政治和文化中心; 它历史悠久可以追溯到元朝，当时的蒙古人在这里安顿下来；名胜众多，有长城,故宫,颐和园等，修筑长城是为了抵御外族的进攻, 颐和园的风景美不胜收，这些令人叹为观止的景观，吸引着五湖四海的游客; 它气候温和，尤其秋天,既不冷也不热;交通便利，人们乘车可以去城市的各个地方; 北京因京剧而蜚声世界,高楼大厦随处可见；第29届奥运会在这里举行, 是盛况空前的大会; 它呈现着迷人的过去与现在融合的景象,是一个最适宜使人梦想成真的城市；背好背包，到这里寻求发展的机会。
1. 根据中文完成关于北京的句子。
1. 北京,世界最大的城市之一, 占地16，808平方公里。
Beijing , _________ the largest cities in the world, _______ an area of 16,808 square kilometers.
2. 它位于中国的北部,，有超过1900万人口，
_________ in the north of China it has a large_____________over 19 million people.
3. 它是中国的政治和文化中心;
This wealthy city is ____________for politics and culture.
4. 它历史悠久可以追溯到元朝，当时的蒙古人在这里安顿下来；
It has a long history which ___________to the Yuan Dynasty when peoples of Mongolia _______.
5. 名胜众多，有长城,故宫,颐和园等，
Cultural sights________the Great Wall, the Summer Palace _________the Forbidden City.
6. 修筑长城是为了抵御外族的进攻,
Building the Great Wall is to prevent the __________ the north.
7. 颐和园的风景美不胜收.
You can _________an amazing__________in the Summer Palace.
8. 这些令人叹为观止的景观吸引着五湖四海的游客;
These stunning sights __________people all over the world.
9. 它气候温和，尤其秋天,既不冷也不热;
The climate here is mild especially in autumn when it is ______ too cold _____ too hot.
10. 交通便利，人们乘车可以去城市的各个地方;
Public transport of the city is efficient, _________ can take you to _________you want to go.
11. 北京因京剧而蜚声世界,高楼大厦随处可见；
Beijing is ________ Peking Opera, where modern buildings and overpasses can be seen _________.
12. 第29届奥运会在这里举行, 是盛况空前的大会;
The 29th Olympic Games the best ever _____________ in this international city.
13. 它呈现着迷人的过去与现在融合的景象。
Beijing__________ a fascinating mix of the past and the present.
14. 它是一个最适宜使人梦想成真的城市；
This exciting city is ______________one where dreams can come true.
15. 背好背包，到这里寻求发展的机会。
__________ and move to Beijing in search of opportunities.
Keys:
Beijing , one of the largest cities in the world, covers an area of 16,808 square kilometers.
Located in the north of China it has a large population of over 19 million people.
This wealthy city is an important centre for politics and culture.
It has a long history which dates back to the Yuan Dynasty when peoples of Mongolia settled in.
Cultural sights include the Great Wall, the Summer Palace as well as the Forbidden City.
Building the Great Wall is to prevent the attack from the north.
You can enjoy an amazing view in the Summer Palace.
These stunning sights attract people all over the world.
The climate here is mild especially in autumn when it is neither too cold nor too hot.
Public transport of the city is efficient, which can take you to anywhere you want to go.
11. Beijing is famous for Peking Opera, where modern buildings and overpasses can be seen everywhere.
The 29th Olympic Games the best ever has been held in this international city.
Beijing offers a fascinating mix of the past and the present.
14. This exciting city is the most likely one where dreams can come true.
15. Pack your bag and move to Beijing in search of opportunities.
2. 翻译
Beijing , one of the largest cities in the world, covers an area of 16,808 square kilometers. It is located in the north of China and has a large population of over 19 million people. This wealthy city is an important centre for politics and culture. It has a long history which dates back to the Yuan Dynasty when peoples of Mongolia settled in. Cultural sights include the Great Wall, the Summer Palace as well as the Forbidden City. Building the Great Wall is to prevent the attack from the north. You can enjoy an amazing view in the Summer Palace. These stunning sights attract people all over the world. The climate here is mild especially in autumn when it is neither too cold nor too hot. Public transport of the city is efficient, which can take you to anywhere you want to go. Beijing is famous for Peking Opera, where modern buildings and overpasses can be seen everywhere. The 29th Olympic Games the best ever has been held in this international city. Beijing offers a fascinating mix of the past and the present. This exciting city is the most likely one where dreams can come true. Pack your bag and move to Beijing in search of opportunities.
课件30张PPT。How to describe a place基础写作技巧指导地点描写Suppose you are a guide
to describe a place to
tourists, what subjects
(主题）will you introduce ?
Possible subjects：1.介绍地理位置（Location）
be located in…
be situated in…
lie in…
坐落于……脚下/顶部
…stands at the foot of/ on the top of… 常用词语 1. 日本在中国的东方。
2. 这房子朝南。
3.新教学坐落在学校的中央。
翻译Japan is/lies to the east of China.The house faces (to) the south.The new teaching building lies in the center of the school.
4.中国位于亚洲东部，是世界上最大的国家之一。China, located/ lying in the east of Asia, is one of largest countries in the world. 2.介绍人口（Population）:…has a population of…,
（a city） with a population of…北京是中国的首都，是一个有1200多万人口的大城市。（用一句话）
Beijing, the capital of China, is a large city with a population of over 12,000,000.3.介绍面积（Area）has/covers an area of…square kilometers
（a city） with an area of…square kilometers城镇 面积 100多平方公里It’s a town with an area of over 100 square kilometers4.介绍历史（History）:…has a long history (of …years)
with a long history (of …years)历史悠久它是一个具有悠久历史的现代化城市。It is a modern city with a long history.5.介绍交通（Transportation）take a bus, a train or a plane to…
go to …by bus/train/plane坐汽车、火车、飞机到…交通便利
…has convenient transportation
（a city） with convenient transportation both on land and water经济迅速发展
…economy has been developing rapidly
多次进入全国经济十强城市
…has been listed among the top ten strongest cities in economy several times6、介绍经济（economy）7. 名胜古迹有很多名胜古迹：
places of interest/ historical spots承德是全国24个历史文化名城之一，也是44个风景名胜之一。
Chengde City is not only one of the well-known 24 historical and cultural cities but also one of the 44 major scenic spots in China. 一些其它表达方式：……发生了很大变化
great changes have taken place…
特色鲜明的地方文化
distinct local culture海岸线总长……公里
Its coastline has a total length of …kilometers.
Now let's try!基础写作---情景说明西山镇依山傍水。过去，这里的人们生活极其贫困。解放后人们的生活在各方面都发生了很大的变化。写作要求：
1.短文标题自拟
2必须使用５个句子介绍全部所给的内容；
3将５个句子组织成连贯的短文title if necessary(标题）
tense and voice （时态和语态）
person （人称）
style （文章题材）
the important points （要点要全）1.How to analyze the directions (审题)?
Great Changes in Xishan Town一般现在、一般过去、现在完成时第三人称应用文List the important points out :解放后人们的生活发生了很大的变化。
西山镇的人口约10万；
Since liberation great changes
have taken place in people’s lifeXishan town has a population of about
The population of Xishan town is about 100,000. 面积约126平方公里It covers/has an area of about126 square kilometers.
The size of it is about 126 square kilometers.
坐落在粤北一座山脚下，面临一条大河 Xishan town is located at the foot of a mountain of North Guangdong Province and faces a big river.
Xishan town is located /stands at the foot of a mountain of North Guangdong province and in front of it flows a big river.
新建有许多工厂商店、医院学校Many factories, shops, hospitals and schools have been built/ set up.
解放前只有一所学校且只有富家子弟可以上学。
现在有10所学校，每个孩子都可以上学；
人们工作之余，可以逛商店、看电影、跳舞、参加体育活动等
Now there are 10 schools and every child can go to school.Before liberation there was only one school for children from wealthy families.After work people go shopping, see films, go dancing and have sports.用５个句子介绍全部所给的内容；用适当的连接词或在必要的地方改变句子结构将５个句子组织成连贯的短文1.Xishan town is a small town, ______ is located at the foot of a mountain of North Guangdong province and in front of it flows a big river.whichLet’s try!2.Xishan town has a population of about 100,000 _______ covers an area of about 126 square kilometers.
Xishan town, _________ an area of about 126 square kilometers, has a population of… .
Xishan town covers an area of about 126 square kilometers______________________
100,000 . andcoveringwith a population of多种表达法灵活表达3.Before liberation, people there lived a hard life _______ since liberation great changes have taken place___________ many factories, shops, hospitals and schools have been built.
butand now4.Before liberation there was only one school for children from wealthy families______ now there are 10 schools and every child can go to school.
5.After work people go shopping, see films, go dancing and have sports .butLet’s share!One possible version :
1.Xishan town is a small town, which is located at the foot of a mountain of North Guangdong province and in front of it flows a big river. It has a population of about 100,000 and covers an area of about 126 square kilometers. Before liberation, people there lived a hard life but great changes have taken place since liberation and now many factories, shops, hospitals and schools have been built. The school education has also improved, for example , before liberation there was only one school for children from wealthy families, but now there are 10 schools and every child can go to school. After work people go shopping, see films, go dancing and have sports .南极洲世界上最寒冷的地方，常年有冰雪覆盖
Antarctica,
is the coldest continent in the world.
Antarctica,
is covered with cold thick ice and deep snow all year round.
1.使用定语从句或同位语优化句子表达which is covered with coldthick ice and deep snow all（the) year round, the coldest continent in the world,* 语法，句法高分tips 夏天几乎不下雨，但一下起来就很大。
It hardly ever rains in summer
__________________it rains heavily. 2.运用非谓语动词和with结构优化句子表达我的家乡位于中国广东，毗邻香港
My hometown,_________________
is located in Guangdong Province of China.but whenever it does,neighboring Hong Kong,使用状语从句优化句子表达Name of the City
General introduction
Location
Population
Climate
History
Things to see
Things to do
Others
References