2024届高考英语二轮复习：宾语从句与状语从句 课件(共46张PPT)

(共46张PPT)
第十二讲：宾语从句与状语从句
高中英语基础知识系列
1. 什么是宾语？什么是状语
2.什么是宾语从句？状语从句？
3.宾语通常放在什么后面？
4.状语分类有几种？
导学问题:
宾语从句
PART 01
宾语从句：一个充当主句宾语成分的句子。
通常跟在介词/及物动词/形容词之后
主语
谓语
宾语
简单句
主语
谓语
宾 语 从 句
连词
从句主语
从句谓语
主 句
复合句
2. I know who you are .
I like apples .
一、定义
宾语从句的句子结构：
主句+连接词（引导词）+宾语从句
e.g.: He asks him /how long Mike has been here.(动词宾语)

Miss Zhang is angry at /what you said. (介词宾语)
二、句子结构
宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。包括：
连接词+主语+谓语+宾语+其他；
连接词+主语+系动词+表语+其他;
误: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.×
正: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.√
三、语序
①从属连词：that,if,whether（不充当成分）　
②连接代词：（充当成分：主、宾、表、定）who,whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever,whatever,whichever等。
③连接副词：（做状语）when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等。
例句：I know/ who he is.
四、引导词
宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：
（1）当引导宾从时，第二个及以后的tha个句子中出现多个that不能省；
Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.
（2）当that前有介词时，that不可省。
The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.
（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句
I think it is necessary that you should read English aloud.
that 引导的从句，that在句中无任何意义，不充当句子成分，
1. I said that English was easy.
2. You say that you are a student.
3. I believe it right that English is useful.
4. The research shows that boys are better at math and that girls are better at English.
(可省)
(前面的that 可省，后面的that 不可省)
(可省)
(不可省)
if/ whether “是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 表示疑问不确定意义的词之后；从句句意完整，不缺成分。If 后不加or。
只用whether 的情况：
1、当句末为or not时
2、在to do不定式前
3、介词后只能用whether.
4、作主语只能用whether.
If or whether ？？？
1. I asked her __________ she had a bike.
2. We’re worried about ________ he is safe.
3. I don’t know ________ or not he is well.
4. I don’t know _______ to go.
If/whether
whether
whether
whether
由连接代词、连接副词和wh-ever引导的宾语从句：
要点：who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whatever, whichever, when, where, why, how引导宾语从句：
①担任句子成分(连接代词-主宾表定；连接副词-状语）
包含一定意义；
②起连接作用，不可省略。
I want to know what he has told you.
He wonders where you live.
1.Don’t be satisfied with __________ you have achieved.
2. We can’t understand ______ he avoided speaking to us.
3. I don’t care __________ she will apologize to me or not.
4. I don’t know ____________ the sound came from.
5. He asked me ___________ I wanted.
What
What
Where
whether
why
否定转移：否定的信息焦点在从句里，否定的形式却在主句里。
I think that he will become the new leader.
I don’t think that he will become the new leader.
注意：
①如果主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时 ，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，即可用任意时态。
I know he lived here ten years ago .
②如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时）
I knew who lived here.
五、时态
③当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理，用一般现在时。
The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun .
④Could you tell me…是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。
例：Could you tell me when we will visit the History Museum.
改错题：
1. I asked if Comrade Li is in the office.
2. Jim told Lin Tao that Mr. Smith has been in China for about three years.
3. Our teacher told us that light travelled faster than sound in yesterday’s class .
was
had
travels
make it clear that... 说清楚……
make it possible that...使……成为可能
make it a rule that... 使……成为习惯
take it for granted that... 认为……是理所当然的
see to it that... 务必 / 一定……
The Internet makes it possible that we can work from home.
因特网使我们在家里工作成为可能。
六、it作形式宾语
注意：宾语从句中的虚拟语气用法
当主句谓语动词为insist, advice, suggest, propose, require, request, desire, demand, order, command等表示“建议”、“要求”、“命令”等时，从句用虚拟语气（should）+动词原形。
改错题：
1. His mother insisted that he would put on the coat when going out.
2. Mother insisted that John went to bed at 9 o’clock.
should
go
特别提醒:
suggest：1. 建议（虚拟）；2. 表明，暗示（不虚拟）
insist: 1. 坚决要求（虚拟）；2. 坚持说，陈述事实（不虚拟）
1. He insisted that he ________ (be) in good health and that he ____________ (send) to work there.
2. The dark clouds suggested that it (rain) and my neighbor suggested that we (put) away the clothes.
was
should be sent
was going to rain
should put
状语从句
PART 02
状语从句：在复合句中，起状语作用的从句。
状语从句分为：时间状语从句
地点状语从句
条件状语从句
原因状语从句
让步状语从句
比较状语从句
目的状语从句
结果状语从句
方式状语从句
一、时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有when, whenever, as, while, before, after, until, till, since, ever since, once, so long as, as soon as, every time, each time, the moment, the minute, immediately, instantly, directly等
1、when /as / while
when 表示从句动作与主句动作同时发生，或先于主句动作。While表示从句的动作与主句同时发生，持续性，
从句的动作往往是延续性的。
As 表示从句动作与主句动作并行发生，常译为“一边……一边……”；“随着……”“正当……”
从时间上来说，when指一段时间或一点时间，while只能指一段时间，as指一段时间。
【例句】
When Sally arrived, I was preparing lunch.
While Kathy was doing the washing-up, she was planning her holiday.
The workers shouted slogans as they passed the square.
Exercise：
1、_______ the fire broke out, all the students were sleeping soundly.
2、Mary was having dinner _______ I saw her.
3、Please don't talk so loud _______ others are working.
4、_______ the days went by, he became stronger.
5、We sang _______ we walked along.
When
When
while
As
as
2、 before/ after/ since
before引导的从句主要表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前，如从句是过去时，主句要用过去完成时。
After引导的从句则主要表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后，如主句是过去时，从句要用过去完成时。
since引导的时间状语从句，常译为“自从……”，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。常用句型：It has been (is) + 时间段 + since从句
“自从……有多长时间了 ”
【例句】
He had pulled the trigger before we could stop him.
The computer went better after new RAM （内存）had been added to it.
We haven’t seen each other since we graduated.
Exercise：
1.He had left the town ______ she arrived.
2.As is reported, it is 100 years Tsinghua University was founded.
3.It will not be long ______ we meet each other again.
4.It was not long ______ he left his hometown.
5.I have learned a lot of good things about you I came back from abroad.
before
since
before
before
since
◆当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时，主句常用肯定形式。
例句：我会待在这里，直到你回来。
I’ll stay here until you come back.
◆当主句谓语动词是非延续性动词时, 主句常用否定形式。
not… until…“直到……才……”，这时until 可用before替换。
He didn’t go to bed until he finished his homework.
例句：他直到做完作业才睡觉。
3、until / till 引导的时间状语从句，常译为“直到……时”，
表示主句动作发生在从句之前。
Exercise：
1. He lived with his parents ________ he graduated from college.
2. The children won’t come home ________it’s dark.
3. Not ____ he told me did I know the truth.
4. It was _________ the war was over that he returned to his land.
till/until
till/ until
until
not until
4、 as soon as 引导的时间状语从句，译为“一…就…”，
表示从句动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生。 遵循主将从现原则
例句：他一回来我就告诉他这件事。
I will tell him about it as soon as he comes back.
◆相当于as soon as 用法的词或短语还有：immediately,
directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant等.
I’ll give him your message the minute he arrives.
Directly I had done it, I knew I had made a mistake.
二、地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的从属连词和词组有where, wherever, everywhere
等。
【例句】
Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成
Wherever John happens to be, he can make himself at home.
Where the ancients knew nothing, we know a little.
Everywhere the visitors went, they were warmly received.
You can go anywhere you want after graduation.
1, There are snow _________, so that the shape of things was difficult to identify.
2, We would never go _______without you.
3.「四川」If you happen to get lost in the wild ,you had better stay______ you are and wait for help。
4.She must be a superstar. She goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
where anywhere everywhere wherever
everywhere
anywhere
where
Wherever
三、条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的从属连词和词组有if, unless =if not(除非), as / so long as (只要), on condition (只要), once ( 一旦), in case (假使) , providing / provided (that)(如果) 等。
【例句】
If the dam had broken in the flood last year, there would have been great loss of life and property.
Provided (that) he wins the support of the minority groups, he will be able to win the election.
In case it rains, we won’t be able to go there on foot.
You can go out, as/so long as you promise to be back before eleven.
1._______ you miss the chance, it may be years before you get another one.
2.It is so cold that you can’t you outside _______ you are fully covered in thick clothes.
3.Our eyesight will become poorer and poorer _______ we keep playing with phones.
4. We won’t wait for him long _________ he comes before 6.
If
unless
unless
If
四、让步状语从句
连词：
1, Though, although, as（虽然） 2, even if和even though（即使）;
3, while（虽然） 4, whether…or…：不管
5, no matter+疑问词（不管…都…）= 疑问词-ever，
regardless of+名词/名词短语(无论)
despite和in spite of(尽管) as (用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，
【例句】
He passed the examination although he had been prevented by illness from studying,
Though he should stand alone, he will never yield.
I shouldn’t have time to see him even if he were here.
Rich as he is, Mr. Johnson is by no means a happy man.
① 两个词同义，一般情况下可以互换使用，如：
He didn’t light the fire though / although it was cold.
② although 比though 较正式
He insisted on doing it although I warned him not to.
③ though可以和even 连用，但although 不可以，如：
Although (Even though) the traffic held us up, we got to the airport on time.
④ though可以倒装，although不可以
Difficult though the task was, they managed to accomplish it in time.
although 和though 引导的让步状语从句：
As引导让步状语从句
需将从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词提前至从句句首，引起倒装；
作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需省去。though引导的从句也可以倒装，但although引导的不可以。
Difficult as / though the task was, they managed to accomplish it in time.
Child as / though he is, he remembers many Tang poems.
Much as I like it, I won’t buy it because lack of money.
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
① even if 与 even though同义：
I’ll do it, even if it takes me all the afternoon.
Even though you fail, you can try again.
even if, even though引导的让步状语从句：
even though = even if 引导的条件不是事实；
He will not reveal the secret, even though he knows it. (不知道他是否知道)
He will not reveal the secret even though he knows it. (虽然知道，却不说出来)
五、原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的从属连词和词组有：as, because, since, seeing that, considering that, now that, not that…but that等。
【例句】
As there was no answer, I wrote again.
Since the speaker can’t come, we’ll have to cancel the meeting.
Because it was wet, he didn’t go out for a walk that day.
For在引导并列句时可以和because相互替换，但因for是并列连词，因此不能用于句首，只能用于连接表示原因的并列句。
【例句】
I have got the position for just two months. My boss doesn’t trust me because I am new to him and his office, I think.
Since so many people are absent, we had better put the meeting off.
because：回答why的问题，语气最强
He can’t come because he is ill.
since/now that：既成事实的原因
Since (now that) you're here, you can help me.
as：双方都知道的原因，主句说明结果
As it was raining, the match was cancelled.
1. I danced in front of the people _________ I liked it.
2. You’d better wear strong shoes _____ we’ll do a lot of walking.
3. ____ he was not well, I decided to go without him.
4. ______ everybody know about it, I don’t want to talk any more.
5. Some people believe that ______ oil is running out, the fate of the motor industry is uncertain.
because
as
As
Since
since
6.Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, ______ this was a memory she especially treasured.
because
六、目的状语从句（Adverbial Clause of Purpose）
引导目的状语从句的从属连词和词组有so that, in order that, lest, for
fear that, in case等。
【例句】
The teacher must speak clearly so that his students can understand well.
They climbed to the top of the building in order that they could get a
bird’s-eye view of the city.
(1) so + adj./adv. + that 从句
It’s so cold that the lake has frozen.
(2) so + adj. + a/an + 可数名词单数 + that从句
Jenny is so clever a girl that all the teachers liked her very much.
(3) so + many/much/few/little + n. + that从句
There are so many books that I don’t know which one to borrow.
so…that… 常用搭配
如此……以至于（结果）
such + a/an + adj. + 可数名词单数 + that
Jenny is such a clever girl that all the teachers liked her very much.
= Jenny is so clever a girl that all the teachers liked her very much.
(2) such + adj. + 可数名词复数/不可数名词 + that
It is such strong wind that I can't ride my bike to school.
such…that… 常用搭配
It’s ______ good a book _______ I’ve read it again and again.
It was ______ a cold day ______ there was nobody on the street.
He wrote down my address, ________ he might remember it.
_______ cold weather remained for three days ______ I had to stay at home all day long.
He had _______ few friends _________ he often feels lonely.
They are ______ interesting books ______ I want to buy them home.
such
that
such
so that
Such
that
so
that
so
that
that
衔接教材：p42 宾语从句和状语从句
1-4; 7-10;14/16/18/19/21/22/25