【名师面对面】2015中考精英英语（外研版）总复习课件：第31讲　动词及动词短语（共45张PPT）

课件45张PPT。英 语第31讲　动词及动词短语【真题体验】
1．—The medicine __A__ awful.I can't stand it.
—I know，Jimmy.But it's helpful for you.(2014，昆明)
A．tastes B．eats C．drinks D．takes
2．—Could you please have a walk with me？(2014，泰安)
—Sorry，I __C__．I have something important to do now.
A．mustn't B．needn't C．can't D．may not3．—Where are you going？(2014，台州)
—To the library.I've finished reading this book，so I'm going to __C__ it.
A．buy B．throw C．return D．borrow
4．—Jim，you look sleepy.What's wrong？(2014，随州)
—I __C__ to write a report last night.
A．looked up B．ended up
C．stayed up D．took up5．—Look，someone left a book.(2014，菏泽)
—Oh，yeah...This book __B__ be Kitty's.Only she likes to read this kind of books.
A．can B．must C．may D．might
6．I like the dress very much.It __A__ comfortable.(2014，聊城)
A．feels B．tastes C．sounds D．smells【考点梳理】
动词与动词短语是中考考查的重点之一。考查的范围有：行为动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词或动词及动词短语间的辨析。
1．第三人称单数形式的构成
①一般现在时中主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加-s或-es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同。②不规则变化的有have—has等。2．现在分词的构成
3.过去式和过去分词的构成
①规则变化
②不规则变化需单独记忆。高频考点一　实义动词词义辨析
实义动词能独立作谓语，根据后面是否带宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
1．及物动词
及物动词后面要跟宾语才能使句子句意完整。如love，need，want等。它主要用于三种句型中：
①动词＋宾语
如：I bought some books yesterday.我昨天买了一些书。(bought后有宾语books，为及物动词)
②动词＋宾语＋宾补
③动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语2．不及物动词
①不及物动词本身有完整的意思，后不需接宾语。
如：He listened but could not hear.他留神听，但没有听见。(listen后无宾语，为不及物动词)
②若不及物动词需要带宾语，其后需加适当的介词，才可以跟宾语。
③有的动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。
如：She sings very well.她唱得很好。(sing是不及物动词)
She sang an English song just now.她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物动词)【例1】—Do you often watch Man and Nature on TV？(2014，丽水)
—Sometimes.It's an interesting program，but I _ A __ Sports News.
A．prefer B．want C．know D．review
点拨：prefer“更喜欢”；want“想要……”；know“知道”；review“复习”。句意“你经常在电视上看《人与自然》吗？”“有时看，这是一个有趣的节目，但我更喜欢看《体育新闻》。”【例2】My brother _ B __ to move the heavy box，but I didn't give up.(2014，孝感)
A．reminded B．refused
C．agreed D．considered
点拨：remind“提醒；使想起”；refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”；agree to do sth.“同意做某事”；consider“考虑；认为”。句意“我的哥哥拒绝搬这个箱子，但是我不放弃。”B项符合句意。高频考点二　系动词和助动词的用法
1．系动词
本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与表语一起构成谓语。用来表示主语状态的系动词只有be(am，is，are，was，were)；用来表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度的系动词有keep，stay，remain，stand等；表象系动词有look，seem，appear等；表示人的感觉的系动词有feel，smell，sound，taste等；表变化的系动词有become，get，grow，turn等。2．助动词
本身无意义或意义不完整，不能独立用作谓语。它须与别的动词连用，帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等。常用助动词有be，have，has，do，does，did，will和shall等。
【例3】This kind of peach looks really nice，but it _ A very sour.(2014，宁波)
A．tastes B．looks C．feels D．sounds
点拨：taste“尝起来”；look“看起来”；feel“摸起来”；sound“听起来”。句意“这种桃子看起来真的不错，但尝起来很酸”。【例4】—Do you like watching TV?
—No，but my brother_ A _.
A．does B．do C．is D．likes
点拨：通常我们用助动词替代上文提到的动词，以免重复。my brother为第三人称单数，故“does”符合题意。高频考点三　情态动词的用法
情态动词有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的情绪、态度和语气。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
1．can(could)
①表能力，could表过去的能力。can与be able to的意义基本相同。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而be able to能用于各种时态。
②表可能性。
③表许可。口语中可代替may。
④can't表有把握的否定判断，意为“不可能”。
could在口语中，常代替can来向对方比较委婉客气地提出请求或表示看法。此时could不表示过去时。2．may(might)
①用来征求对方意见，意为“可以”。口语性较强。might可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。
②表猜测和对可能性的判断，意为“可能；也许”。might可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更加不肯定。3．must
①表说话人的主观意志，意为“必须，应该”。无时态变化。其否定答语常用needn't或don't have to，意为“不必”。
注意：have to意为“不得不；必须”，主要强调受到外界客观因素的迫使。它可用于多种时态，且有人称和数的变化。
must本身的否定形式mustn't意为“不许；一定不要”，表示禁止和告诫。
②表示对事物的推测，意为“想必；一定”，只用于肯定句。且比may的语气要肯定得多。
4．would
作情态动词时，无人称限制，表意愿，常与like，love连用。
5．should
①表义务。意为“应该”(某件事宜于做)，用于各种人称。
②表推测，意为“想必；一定；照说；应该；估计”等。【例5】Here is my phone number.You _ B _ call me anytime you like.(2014，丽水)
A．must B．can C．should D．need
点拨：must“必须”；can“能够；可以”；should“应该”；need“必须”。由句意“这是我的电话号码，任何时候你都可以给我打电话。”可知应选B。
【例6】—Is the long-haired man Bruce？(2014，聊城)
—No，it _ A _ be him.He's in New York now.
A．can't B．mustn't C．needn't D．may not
点拨：can't“不可能”；mustn't“禁止，不允许”；needn't“不必”；may not“可能不”。由答句第二句话“他现在在纽约”。可推断那个长发的男人不可能是布鲁斯。【例7】—Must I go to medical school and be a doctor like you，Dad?
—No，you_ D __，son，you're free to make your own decision.(2013，上海)
A．can't B．mustn't
C．shouldn't D．needn't
点拨：对“Must I…？”句型的否定回答应为“No，you needn't.”或“No，you don't have to.”高频考点四　动词短语
动词短语指动词跟一个或两个介词或副词构成的固定词语。
1．动词短语的分类：
①动词＋介词
arrive in(at)，ask for，begin with，be from，come from，get to，laugh at，look for，send for，wait for
②及物动词＋副词
find out，give up，look up，put on，pick up，take off，take away，turn on，turn off，think over③不及物动词＋副词
get up，go on，grow up，set off，stand up，take off(起飞)
④动词＋副词＋介词
get on (along) with，catch up with，come up with，go on with，look forward to
⑤动词＋名词＋介词
take part in，make friends with，take care of
⑥be＋形容词＋介词
be good at，be interested in，be good for，be worried about2．初中阶段常用短语如下：
①look短语
look for寻找；look after照顾；look over查看；look forward to渴望，向往；look at看着；look up抬头看，查找；look into 调查；look out当心；look like看起来像；look the same看起来一样；look through浏览
②put短语
put off推迟；put on 穿上，上演；put away 收拾好；put out扑灭；put down写下；put back放回；put up 举起，建造，张贴③turn短语
turn on打开；turn off关掉；turn up把音量开大一点；turn down把音量开小一点；turn into变成；turn over翻开，翻转；turn… into…把……变成……
④get短语
get on/along(well)with与某人相处(融洽)；get up起床；get on上车(船、飞机、马)；get off下车(船、飞机、马)；get back回去；get back to回到；get down下来；get home到家；get into进入，陷入；get out(of)(从……)出去；get to到达；get together聚会⑤take短语
take off(飞机)起飞，脱掉(衣服)；take in吸收，上当；take away拿走；take out取出；take on雇佣，呈现；take down取下；take up占据，开始从事，拿起
⑥agree短语
agree with同意某人的(意见、想法、分析、解释)；agree to同意(计划、办法)；agree to do sth.同意做某事⑦go短语
go over温习，复习；go swimming/skating/shopping/
dancing/fishing/hunting/camping去游泳/溜冰/购物/跳舞/钓鱼/打猎/野营；go into走进；go out出去，熄灭；go away走开；go back回去，回顾；go up上升，攀登；go by时间流逝，从旁经过；go for为……而去；go on继续；go through经历；go to school去上学；go home回家；go to the doctor去看医生
⑧come短语
come along进展；come in进来；come into进入；come out出来，出版；come down下来；come from来自；come back回来；come across偶然遇到；come over过来；come home回家；come into use开始使用；come on快，得啦，跟着来，加油⑨give短语
give up放弃；give off放出，发出(气体、气味、烟雾、光、水、热等)；give out精疲力竭，累倒，耗尽，用完；give away泄露，赠送；give in屈服，让步，投降
⑩make短语
make a decision作出决定；make sb.do sth.让某人做某事；make a mistake犯错误；make progress取得进步；make friends with与……交朋友；make up编造，虚构，打扮，构成，组成；make a face做鬼脸?be短语
be friendly/kind to对……友好；be different from与……不同；be afraid of害怕；be popular with受……欢迎；be interested in对……感兴趣；be strict with sb.对某人严格；be strict in sth.对某事严格；be famous/known as作为……出名；be surprised at对……惊讶；be pleased with对……满意；be proud of对……感到自豪；be polite/impolite to对某人有礼貌/不礼貌；be good for对……有好处；be good at擅长于……；be made up of由……构成；be angry with对某人生气；be busy with忙于；be full of/filled with装满……；be late for迟到
?call短语
call at拜访，后接地点；call on拜访，后接被拜访的对象；号召；call back回电话；call up打电话，使回忆起；call for 叫某人同往某处电话，使回忆起；call for 叫某人同往某处
【例8】 —Do you __ A _ your son a?be短语
be friendly/kind to对……友好；be different from与……不同；be afraid of害怕；be popular with受……欢迎；be interested in对……感兴趣；be strict with sb.对某人严格；be strict in sth.对某事严格；be famous/known as作为……出名；be surprised at对……惊讶；be pleased with对……满意；be proud of对……感到自豪；be polite/impolite to对某人有礼貌/不礼貌；be good for对……有好处；be good at擅长于……；be made up of由……构成；be angry with对某人生气；be busy with忙于；be full of/filled with装满……；be late for迟到
?call短语
call at拜访，后接地点；call on拜访，后接被拜访的对象；号召；call back回电话；call up打电话，使回忆起；call for 叫某人同往某处fter school？(2014，绍兴)
—No.He comes back home on the school bus.
A．pick up B．look after
C．drop in D．send for
点拨：pick up“拿起，拾起，接(某人)”；look after“照顾”；drop in“顺便拜访”；send for“派人去取，召唤”。由答句“他坐校车回家”。可推知问句为“放学后你接你儿子回家吗？”【例9】My parents ask me to _ C _ myself when they go out.(2014，义乌)
A．bring B．think of
C．look after D．agree with
点拨：bring up“抚育”；think of“想起”；look after“照顾”；agree with“同意”。句意为“父母要求我在他们外出时照顾自己。”【例10】Ann is going on a tour of Xi'an，and she wants to__ B __ Chinese history.(2013，江西)
A．dream of B．learn about
C．look through D．pass on
点拨：dream of “梦到；梦想”；learn about“了解”；look through“浏览”；pass on“传递”。由前半句句意“安打算到西安旅行”可知，后半句句意为“她想了解中国的历史”。1．—How do you like the fish I cooked for you？(2014，菏泽)
—I haven't had it yet.However，it __A__ good.
A．smells B．tastes C．sounds D．feels
2．—Bob，where is Linda？(2014，威海)
—She __B__ be in the library，but I am not sure.
A．must B．may C．need D．has to3．Good manners can make people __A__ each other.(2014，兰州)
A．get on well with B．get off
C．get over D．get away
4．—Must I hand in my homework now，Mr. Smith?
—No，you __D__．(2014，北京)
A．can't B．shouldn't C．wouldn't D．needn't
5．The vegetable soup __B__ delicious.Can I have more？(2014，德州)
A．looks B．tastes C．sounds D．feels6．—Let's go climbing，shall we？(2014，绍兴)
—You __C__ be joking！Don't you know I'm afraid of high places?
A．may B．can C．must D．should
7．The girl is greatly interested in the song.The lyrics of it __A__ her thoughts and feelings.(2014，平凉)
A．express B．discuss C．expect D．imagine
8．As time __A__，you'll come to think of English as your friend and love it.(2014，安徽)
A．goes by B．runs out
C．takes off D．turns up9．—__B__ you leave now？You only arrived here an hour ago.
—Sorry，but so much homework is waiting for me.(2014，宁波)
A．May B．Must C．Can D．Might
10．—Do you know the price of the ticket?
—Yes.Each__B__￥180.(2013，济宁)
A．pays B．costs C．takes D．spends11．He__C__an English club last year and has improved his English a lot.(2013，天津)
A．protected B．produced
C．joined D．received
12．—Dinner is ready.Help yourself!
—Wow！It__C__delicious.You are really good at cooking.(2013，孝感)
A．looks B．sounds C．tastes D．feels13．—May I smoke here?
—No，you__B__．This is a no-smoking room.(2013，泰安)
A．needn't B．mustn't
C．couldn't D．wouldn't
14．The great writer has written many stories for children.It is said that a new one will__B__at the end of this month.(2013，丽水、金华)
A．go out B．come out
C．look out D．run out15．Andrea Bocelli never__D__，which makes him a successful singer.(2013，温州)
A．takes away B．gives away
C．gets up D．gives up
16．__C__a light when necessary.You will bring light to other people and yourself.(2013，河南)
A．Try on B．Get on C．Turn on D．Put on17．The Olympic Games of 2016 will__C__in Brazil.(2013，临沂)
A．take after B．take off
C．take place D．take away
18．If Ted can__B__his difficulties，he'll make great progress.(2013，乌鲁木齐)
A．come over B．get over
C．get off D．come out
19．The local people like that Italian restaurant because it__D__both delicious food and good service.(2013，东营)
A．uses B．wants C．shares D．provides