【名师面对面】2015中考精英英语（外研版）总复习课件：第37讲　主谓一致（共20张PPT）

课件20张PPT。英 语第37讲　主谓一致【真题体验】
1．Look！There are some __C__ on the farm.(2014，铜仁)
A．chicken B．goose C．sheep D．cow
2．The summer holiday is coming，so the twins as well as Jack __B__ to Hong Kong for vacation.(2014，黄石)
A．is going B．are going
C．goes D．go
3．—What do you think of the environment here?
—Wonderful！__A__ of the land ________ covered with trees and grass.(2014，随州)
A．Two fifths；is B．Two fifth；is
C．Two fifths；are D．Two fifth；are4．A number of volunteers __B__ from faraway cities.(2014，孝感)
A．is B．are C．is come D．are come
5．In China，plenty of rubbish __C__ every day because of the large population.(2014，玉林)
A．is producing B．are producing
C．is produced D．are produced【考点梳理】
中考对主谓一致的考查主要包括以下三点：
1．学科名词作主语；表示时间、长度、价格、质量等短语作主语；the＋姓氏名词复数作主语；一些以-s结尾的不可数名词作主语，如news，maths；不定代词＋名词作主语，如both of，neither等。
2．主语后带有with，except，like等介词短语。
3．就近原则，如there be句型，either…or…，not only…but also…等。
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。因此，找出句子的真正主语是关键。同时，要遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。高频考点一　语法一致原则
语法一致即主语是单数形式时，谓语动词就用单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词就用复数形式。
1．当and连接两个或多个名词，或both…and…连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
Tom and Mike are good friends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。
Both Lucy and Lily are students.露西和莉莉都是学生。
2．不定代词either，neither，anybody，anything，someone，somebody，everyone，everything，nobody，no one，nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Is there anything wrong with your bike？你的自行车有什么毛病吗？
Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.大家都在为运动会做准备。3．由each，each…and each…，every… and every…，every…作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Each boy and each girl was given a new book.每一个男孩和每一个女孩都得到了一本新书。
4．主语后有with，along with，together with，as well as，no less than，more than，including，besides，like，except，but等词或短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。如：
Mr Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing.格林先生将和他的妻子及两个女儿一块儿来北京。5．“a number of＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
A number of trees are cut down.许多树木被砍倒了。
The number of students in our class is 32.我们班学生人数为32。
6．“a lot of(lots of，plenty of，a pile of，piles of，most of)＋名词”和“分数或百分数＋名词”等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词，如果是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：
Lots of people have been there.很多人去过那儿。7．由“a pair(a kind，a series…)＋of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“pairs(kinds…)＋of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table.一副太阳镜放在桌子上。
Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day.每天能制做15双鞋。
8．某些只有复数形式的名词(如clothes，trousers，shorts，pants，shoes，gloves…)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
My shoes were worn out.我的鞋子穿坏了。9．不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Reading is learning.读书就是学习。
【例1】 Oh！Jennifer with her parents __ A __ dinner there.(2014，齐齐哈尔)
A．is having B．are having
C．have D．having
点拨：主语后有with时，谓语动词单复数由主语决定。此句主语为Jennifer，故谓语用单数。
【例2】 Chopsticks _ B _ every day when people eat Chinese food.
A．is used B．are used
C．was used D．were used
点拨：chopsticks作主语，是复数形式；谓语动词应用复数，由句意可知是每天被使用，应用被动语态。高频考点二　意义一致原则
意义一致又叫概念一致，即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。
1．由and连接的两个名词，如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词)，则谓语动词用单数形式。如：
The teacher and writer is coming to give us a report next week.那位老师兼作家下周要来给我们作报告。
The singer and dancer has been invited to the party.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了聚会。
2．表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等复数名词、词组作主语时，一般被看做一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：Three years is a long time.三年是一段很长的时间。3．集体名词(如family，team，crowd，company，class，group，government…)如果表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示集体中的成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：
My family is a small one with three people.我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。
4．people，police，cattle等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
The police are helping a girl find her mother.警察正在帮助一个女孩找妈妈。
5．算式中，表示加法和乘法时谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式，但表示减法和除法时谓语动词必须用单数形式。如：
What is/are three times three？3乘以3是多少？【例3】 —Do you need more time to complete the task?
—Yes.Another ten days _ A __ enough.(2014，广东)
A．is B．was C．are D．were
点拨：答句主语为another ten days，时间作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。由问句可知应用现在时。
高频考点三　就近原则
有时谓语动词的形式与主语并不一致，而是与靠近它的名词一致，这种原则叫做就近原则，又叫做邻近原则。1．由either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but(also)…，not…but…或or连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如：
Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.不但我父母而且我也盼望看到我叔叔。
Not only Jim but also his parents want to live in China.不仅吉姆而且他的父母也想居住在中国。
He or you have taken my pen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。
2．There be…和Here be…这两个句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。如：
There is an apple and two bananas on the table.桌子上有一个苹果和两根香蕉。【例4】 There _ C _ a book and some pens in the bag.Please give them to the old man.(2014，毕节)
A．be B．are C．is D．have
点拨：主语为a book and some pens，谓语应和最近的主语保持一致。there be表示“在某地有某物”。
【例5】 Not only you but also he _ A _ the secret.(2014，六盘水)
A．knows B．know
C．have known D．to know
点拨：not only...but also...连接两个主语时，谓语动词单复数与相邻的主语单复数保持一致。【例6】 There _ C _ some flowers on the teacher's desk just now，but now there ________ nothing on it.
A．have；has B．were；has
C．were；is D．has；has
点拨：第一空应根据some flowers来确定谓语动词应用复数，just now表明是过去时；第二空根据nothing来判断谓语动词应用单数。1．—What __A__ the number of the students in your school？(2014，泰安)
—About two thousand.A number of them ________ from the countryside.
A．is；are B．is；is
C．are；is D．are；are
2．—How do you like these two books？(2014，益阳)
—__A__ of them are interesting.And I've read them several times.
A．Both B．Neither C．None D．Either
3．—I called you at 5：00 yesterday afternoon，but no one answered.
—Sorry，I with my parents __A__ at that time.(2014，达州)
A．was shopping B．were shopping
C．are shopping D．went shoppingos4．Look，the set of keys __C__ on the teacher's desk.(2014，安顺)
A．are B．were C．is D．was
5．—A number of people __A__ killed by the terrorists at the Urumqi train station.
—________ terrible it is！(2014，鄂州)
A．were；How B．was；How
C．were；What D．was；What
6．The sick boy，together with his parents，__D__ to the hospital.
A．sends B．send
C．were sent D．was sent7．There _A_ some milk and two eggs on the table.(2014，永州)
A．is B．are C．has D．have
8．Everyone except Tom and John __D__ there when the meeting began.(2013，威海)
A．are B．is C．were D．was
9．Neither Kate nor her cousins __A__ to America，but __ of them have known the country very well.(2013，绥化)
A．have been；all B．have gone；both
C．has been；all D．has gone；both
10．—Maths __A__ my favourite subject，what about you？(2013，广安)
—Physics ________.I think it's very interesting.
A．is；is B．are；are C．are；is D．is；are11．Thanks to the organization，some money __A__ given to the poor children.
A．was B．were C．are D．has
12．No one __B__ swimming in such bad weather.
A．like B．likes C．liking D．liked
13．Diana，together with her friends，__C__ Chinese in China.
A．study B．have studied
C．studies D．are studying
14．—Would you like to go to the concert with me tonight?
—I'd love to，but __C__ of us two has tickets.Do you have some?
A．both B．all C．neither D．none