（2015聚焦中考 ）2015中考英语复习教师用书word文档教案：第21讲 九年级Units 13－14
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| 名称 | （2015聚焦中考 ）2015中考英语复习教师用书word文档教案：第21讲 九年级Units 13－14 |  | |
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| 文件大小 | 494.4KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教新目标(Go for it)版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2014-12-19 22:43:25 | ||
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第21讲 九年级Units 13－14
1．advantage(n.)→__disadvantage__(n.反义词)缺点；不利条件
2．wood(n.)→__wooden__(adj.)木制的；木头的
3．harmful(adj.)→__harm__(v.&n.)危害；损害
4．science(n.)→__scientific__(adj.)科学上的；科学的
5．care(v.&n.)→__caring__(adj.)体贴人的
6．congratulate(v.)→__congratulation__(n.)祝贺
7．manage(v.)→__manager__(n.)经营者；经理
8．thank(v.)→__thankful__(adj.)感谢；感激
9．thirst(n.)→__thirsty__(adj.)口渴的；渴望的
1．play a part __in__ doing sth. 参与做某事
2．make a __difference__ 起作用；有影响
3．be __harmful__ to 对……有害
4．the food __chain__ 食物链
5．at the __top__ (of sth.) 在(……)顶部或顶端
6．take __part__ in 参加
7．__turn__ off 关掉
8．__pay__ for 付费；付出代价
9．take __action__ 采取行动
10．__throw__ away 扔掉；抛弃
11．put sth.to __good___ __use__ 好好利用
12．pull...__down__ 拆下；摧毁
13．bring __back__ 恢复；使想起；归还
14．in a __row__ 连续几次地
15．look __back__ at 回首(往事)；回忆；回顾
16．make a __mess__ 弄得一团糟(一塌糊涂)
17．__keep__ one's cool 沉住气；保持冷静
18．__go__ by (时间)逝去；过去
19．__believe__ in 信任；信赖
20．__first__ of all 首先
21．be __thirsty__ for 渴望；渴求
22．be __thankful__ to sb. 对某人心存感激
23．ahead __of__ 在……前面
24．__along__ with 连同；除……以外还
25．be __responsible__ for 对……有责任；负责任
26．__set___ __out__ 出发；启程
27．__separate__ from 分离；隔开
1．We __are___ __trying__ to save the earth.我们正尽力拯救地球。
2．The river __used___ __to___ __be__ clean.河水过去很干净。
3．The air is badly __polluted__．空气被严重污染。
4．Everyone in this t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )own should __play___ __a___ __part_ __in__ cleaning it up！这个城镇上的每个人都应该参与到清扫垃圾中来！
5．So together，our act ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ions can __make___ __a___ __difference__ and __lead___ __to__ a better future！我们齐心协力就能改善环境，创造美好未来！
6．She lives in a hous ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e in the UK that she __built__ herself __out___ __of__ rubbish.她住在美国，房子是她自己用废弃物建造而成。
7．Who told so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )meone to __take___ __a___ __break__ from running？谁说在跑步时要休息一下？
8．She helped you to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) __work___ __out__ the answers yourself __no___ __matter___ __how__ difficult they were.无论多难她都帮你让你自己找出答案。
9．__Because___ __of__ her，I put in more __effort__ and my exam scores doubled.因为她，我更加努力从而使我的考试分数翻了一倍。
10．I'm trying __to___ __keep__ my __cool__．我在尽力保持冷静。
11．I am __looking ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )___ __forward___ __to__ going to senior high school.我正期待进入高中。
12．I can't believe __how___ __fast__ the time went by！真难以相信时光流逝的如此快！
13．You were all so __f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ull___ __of__ energy and __thirsty___ __for__ knowledge.你们都是如此地精力充沛，渴望知识。
14．You've all ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) __grown___ __up__ so much and I'm so __proud___ __of__ you.你们已经长大了，我为你们感到极其的骄傲。
15．I hope yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u'll remember the important people in your lives __who__ helped and __supported__ you.我希望你会记得在你生活中曾经帮助和支持过你的重要的人。
16．As you __set__ __out__ on your new journey，you shouldn't forget __where__ you __came___ __from__．在你们新的旅行启程之际，不应忘了你们来自何处。
afford
【典例在线】
We couldn't afford a car years ago.几年前我们买不起汽车。
The poor parents can't afford to buy some new clothes.这对贫穷的父母买不起新衣服。
【拓展精析】
afford动词，意为“买得起；承担得 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )起(后果)”，其后直接接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语，常和情态动词can，could或be able to连用。
【活学活用】
1)—Some children can't afford __C__ necessary stationary.(2014，扬州)
—Let's donate our pocket money to them.
A．buy B．buying C．to buy D．be bought
cost
【典例在线】
The book costs 20 yuan.这本书的价格是20元。
The bike cost me 350 yuan.这辆自行车花了我350元钱。
The total cost is $3000.总费用是3000美元。
【拓展精析】
cost作动词，意为“花费”，其过去式 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )和过去分词都为cost。引导的句子中，主语通常是物，常用于结构“物＋costs/cost＋人＋金钱”中。
cost也可作名词，意为“花费；价钱”。
【活学活用】
2)—The T shirt looks nice on you！How much does it __B__？(2014，安庆模拟)
—I just ______en dollars for it.
A．take；took B．cost；paid
C．cost；spent D．take；spend
There are other advantages of bike riding.骑自行车还有其他的优点。
【典例在线】
What's that in your other hand？你另一只手里拿的是什么？
The other students are all on the playground.其他的学生都在操场上。
What else did you do yesterday？昨天你还做了什么？
—Do you have anything else to say？你还有别的事情说吗？
—Nothing else.没别的事了。
【拓展精析】
other和else都可作形容词， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )表示“别的”，但用法完全不同。other修饰名词，位于名词之前；else修饰不定代词(something，everything，anything，nothing，somebody，everybody，anybody，nobody等)、疑问代词(who，which，what等)和疑问副词(when，where等)，位于这些词之后。
【活学活用】
1)—Is there __B__ to discuss
—No，that's all，I guess.(2014，合肥模拟)
A．anything other B．anything else
C．other anything D．else anything
Wang Tao hopes to s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )et up a “metal art” theme park to show people the importance of environmental protection.王涛希望建立一个“金属艺术”主题公园向人们展示环境保护的重要性。
【典例在线】
We're planning to set up a new company.我们正在筹划组建一个新公司。
They will set up the new machine this afternoon.今天下午他们将要安装新机器。
He set up a good example to all of us.他给我们大家树立了一个好榜样。
【拓展精析】
set up为“动词＋副词”短语，意为“建立，创立；安装；安排；树立”等。
【活学活用】
2)Eton College in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )England was __B__ in 1440 by King Henry Ⅵ to give free education to poor students.
A．cleaned up B．set up
C．fixed up D．cheered up
As you set out on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )your new journey，you shouldn't forget where you came from.在新的旅行启程之际，不应忘了你来自何处。
【典例在线】
When we set out ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) on this project，we know it could be difficult.我们开始着手这个项目时就知道它很难。
After a three day rest，the travelers set out again.这些旅行者休息三天后又上路了。
【拓展精析】
set out on sth.意为“开始进行新的或重要的事情”。
set out固定短语，意为“出发”。
out其它相关短语：
run out被用尽；put out扑 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )灭；give out分发；公布；hand out分发；派送；work out解决；算出；come out出版；出现；出来；结果是
【活学活用】
3)他明天一大早就动身去旅行。
He will __set___ __out___ __on__ a journey early in the next morning.
4)Another new fiction ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) by Hanhan is being printed and it will soon __A__．(2014，池州模拟)
A．come out B．set out
C．see out D．work out
none，no one
【典例在线】
Although you'v ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e all worked very hard over the last three years，none of you did it alone.虽然在过去的三年你们都努力学习，但你们并不是孤军奋战。
None of them are/is for the plan.他们当中没有一个人同意这项计划。
—How many books are there in the bag？书包里有多少书？
—None.一本也没有。
I found no one/nobody in the house.我发现没有人在家里。
—Who is in the room？谁在房间里？
—No one./Nobody.没有人。
【拓展精析】
none既可指人又可指物，意为“没有任 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )何人或物；一个也没有”，后可与of短语连用。作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。常用来回答how many或how much引导的问句。
no one＝nobody意为“没有人 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”，常用于指人，不能指物，不能与of短语连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。常用来回答who引导的问句。
【活学活用】
1)—How many birds can you see in the tree
—__A__．All the birds have flown away.(2014，马鞍山模拟)
A．None B．No one C．Nothing D．A few
2)I knocked on the door，but __B__ answered.
A．none B．no one C．someone D．anyone
one，that，it
【典例在线】
—Do you have a pen？你有一支钢笔吗？
—Yes，I have one.是的，我有一支。
He was the only one of the boys who was given a prize.他是这些孩子中唯一受到奖励的。
That hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。
I can't find my hat.I don't know where I put it.我找不到我的帽子。我不知道把它放在哪儿了。
【拓展精析】
one单独使用时，表示泛指。指同类中的另 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一个事物，常常代替带有不定冠词a/an的名词。既可代替人，也可代替物，但只能代替可数名词，其复数形式为ones。若one前有定语修饰，其前可带冠词。
that可以代替“the＋单数名词”，用于特指。主要用于两种东西对比，其复数形式为those。常用来代替物，不能用来代替人。
it代替上文中提到的事物本身，表示特指。即可代替单数可数名词，也可代替不可数名词。
【活学活用】
3)I can't find my ticket.I think I must have lost __A__．(2014，杭州)
A．it B．one C．this D．them
4)—I'm a bit hungry，Auntie!
—There're some cakes on the table.You may take __B__．(2014，宁波)
A．it B．one C．that D．this
一、根据首字母及汉语提示完成单词。
1．I can't stand people who are __cruel__ (残酷的) to animals.(2014，淮南模拟)
2．We can use the cloth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) bags instead of the __plastic__ (塑料的) bags to protect the environment.
3．She has the __advantage__ (有利条件) of a good education.
4．We can __recycle ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )__ (回收利用) books and paper to protect the environment.
5．Last week I did a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) __survey__ (调查) about how the students go to school.(2014，六安模拟)
6．My brother has a master's __degree__ (学位) from Harvard.(2014，阜阳模拟)
7．His father is a __manager__ (经理) of the company.
8．He is a very __caring__ (关心他人的) person.We all love him.(2014，淮北模拟)
9．I was so __thankful__ (感激的) for his support.
10．I am __thirsty__ (渴的)．I want a bottle of water.
二、单项选择。
11．—Why don't you buy an iPad
—It's too expensive.I can't __A__ it.
A．afford B．sell C．borrow D．keep
12．How much does the ticket __A__ from Shanghai to Beijing
A．cost B．took C．spend D．pay
13．—How many students are there in the classroom
—__B__．They are all in the lab.
A．Some B．None C．All D．Nobody
14．—Hurry，Mike！The bus is coming.
—Wait a moment，please！Let me see if there's __A__ left.(2014，芜湖模拟)
A．anything else B．important something
C．nothing else D．any other things
15．—This book on idi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oms is interesting.I'd like __D__，where did you buy it，Simon
—In the Amazon Bookstore.(2014，连云港)
A．it B．this C．that D．one
写作典例之环境保护
(一)(2014，贺州)
当前我国政府倡导节约，抵制浪费。作为中学生我们应如何做到节粮、节水、节电呢？请根据以下要求写一篇题为“How To Save”的短文。
提示：1.节约用水、用电、用纸；
2．去超市自备购物袋；
3．不要浪费食物，乱倒剩饭剩菜；
4．步行或骑自行车去上学。
提示词：tap(水龙头)，uneaten food(剩余饭菜)，electricity(电)
要求：1.80词左右；开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
2．文中不要出现作者本人的真实校名和姓名；
3．请不要逐句翻译，可适当发挥。
【范文欣赏】
How To Save
Our_government_is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_aiming_to_build_an_“economized_society”_(节约型社会)．It is our duty to work hard to achieve this goal.As students，we should do something to help.
First，we'd better ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )save more water，paper and electricity.For example，turn off the lights when we leave the classroom，and remember to turn off the tap after washing our hands.Next，we should take our own bags in shopping instead of using plastic bags from supermarkets.Then don't waste food.We'd better eat up all the food when we have meals.And don't throw uneaten food everywhere.Finally，we'd better go to school on foot or ride a bike instead of taking a car.
In_a_word，I_think_o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne_thing_we_should_keep_in_mind_is_that_no_matter_what_a_small_effort_we_make，it_does_make_a_difference.
(二)(2014，黔西南)
有一种节约叫光盘，有一种公益 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )叫光盘！所谓光盘，就是吃光你盘子中的食物，拒绝浪费，珍惜粮食！针对这项行动，并根据以下提示，请你以“No Wasting on Food”为题写一篇短文，号召大家参与这项活动。
要点提示：
Reason：
1．a waste of food，money
2．pollute the environment
……
Suggestion：
1．eat up all your food/clear your plate
2．leftovers (剩饭菜)．..
3．order less or smaller dishes
注意：1.短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥；
2．语句流畅，书写规范；
3．词数：80－100词；
4．文中不能出现真实人名、地名等信息；
5．开头已给出，不计入总词数。
【范文欣赏】
No Wasting on Food
Recently，many ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_restaurants_in_our_country_have_joined_the_“Clearing_Your_Plate”_campaign_(活动)_against_wasting_food_by_offering_smaller_dishes.
Many people around us ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) also pay more attention to saving food in their daily life.A number of people have realized the importance of saving food.I believe it is meaningful/necessary/important for us to take an active part in this activity.It is a waste of food and money if we order too much food but eat too little.And it's not easy for farmers to produce the food for us.There are still too many poor people in the poor areas in China，they don't have enough food to eat.Meanwhile，the environment will be polluted by the wasted food.Also，eating too much is bad for our health.We should take action to support the campaign.
What should we do in o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ur daily life to waste less food？First，we should eat up all the food in our dishes and plates.Second，we may order less or smaller dishes in the restaurant.Third，we can take the leftovers home and enjoy them later.In a word，I think it is our duty to refuse the waste of food.
,请完成考点跟踪突破21 )
1．advantage(n.)→__disadvantage__(n.反义词)缺点；不利条件
2．wood(n.)→__wooden__(adj.)木制的；木头的
3．harmful(adj.)→__harm__(v.&n.)危害；损害
4．science(n.)→__scientific__(adj.)科学上的；科学的
5．care(v.&n.)→__caring__(adj.)体贴人的
6．congratulate(v.)→__congratulation__(n.)祝贺
7．manage(v.)→__manager__(n.)经营者；经理
8．thank(v.)→__thankful__(adj.)感谢；感激
9．thirst(n.)→__thirsty__(adj.)口渴的；渴望的
1．play a part __in__ doing sth. 参与做某事
2．make a __difference__ 起作用；有影响
3．be __harmful__ to 对……有害
4．the food __chain__ 食物链
5．at the __top__ (of sth.) 在(……)顶部或顶端
6．take __part__ in 参加
7．__turn__ off 关掉
8．__pay__ for 付费；付出代价
9．take __action__ 采取行动
10．__throw__ away 扔掉；抛弃
11．put sth.to __good___ __use__ 好好利用
12．pull...__down__ 拆下；摧毁
13．bring __back__ 恢复；使想起；归还
14．in a __row__ 连续几次地
15．look __back__ at 回首(往事)；回忆；回顾
16．make a __mess__ 弄得一团糟(一塌糊涂)
17．__keep__ one's cool 沉住气；保持冷静
18．__go__ by (时间)逝去；过去
19．__believe__ in 信任；信赖
20．__first__ of all 首先
21．be __thirsty__ for 渴望；渴求
22．be __thankful__ to sb. 对某人心存感激
23．ahead __of__ 在……前面
24．__along__ with 连同；除……以外还
25．be __responsible__ for 对……有责任；负责任
26．__set___ __out__ 出发；启程
27．__separate__ from 分离；隔开
1．We __are___ __trying__ to save the earth.我们正尽力拯救地球。
2．The river __used___ __to___ __be__ clean.河水过去很干净。
3．The air is badly __polluted__．空气被严重污染。
4．Everyone in this t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )own should __play___ __a___ __part_ __in__ cleaning it up！这个城镇上的每个人都应该参与到清扫垃圾中来！
5．So together，our act ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ions can __make___ __a___ __difference__ and __lead___ __to__ a better future！我们齐心协力就能改善环境，创造美好未来！
6．She lives in a hous ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e in the UK that she __built__ herself __out___ __of__ rubbish.她住在美国，房子是她自己用废弃物建造而成。
7．Who told so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )meone to __take___ __a___ __break__ from running？谁说在跑步时要休息一下？
8．She helped you to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) __work___ __out__ the answers yourself __no___ __matter___ __how__ difficult they were.无论多难她都帮你让你自己找出答案。
9．__Because___ __of__ her，I put in more __effort__ and my exam scores doubled.因为她，我更加努力从而使我的考试分数翻了一倍。
10．I'm trying __to___ __keep__ my __cool__．我在尽力保持冷静。
11．I am __looking ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )___ __forward___ __to__ going to senior high school.我正期待进入高中。
12．I can't believe __how___ __fast__ the time went by！真难以相信时光流逝的如此快！
13．You were all so __f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ull___ __of__ energy and __thirsty___ __for__ knowledge.你们都是如此地精力充沛，渴望知识。
14．You've all ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) __grown___ __up__ so much and I'm so __proud___ __of__ you.你们已经长大了，我为你们感到极其的骄傲。
15．I hope yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u'll remember the important people in your lives __who__ helped and __supported__ you.我希望你会记得在你生活中曾经帮助和支持过你的重要的人。
16．As you __set__ __out__ on your new journey，you shouldn't forget __where__ you __came___ __from__．在你们新的旅行启程之际，不应忘了你们来自何处。
afford
【典例在线】
We couldn't afford a car years ago.几年前我们买不起汽车。
The poor parents can't afford to buy some new clothes.这对贫穷的父母买不起新衣服。
【拓展精析】
afford动词，意为“买得起；承担得 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )起(后果)”，其后直接接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语，常和情态动词can，could或be able to连用。
【活学活用】
1)—Some children can't afford __C__ necessary stationary.(2014，扬州)
—Let's donate our pocket money to them.
A．buy B．buying C．to buy D．be bought
cost
【典例在线】
The book costs 20 yuan.这本书的价格是20元。
The bike cost me 350 yuan.这辆自行车花了我350元钱。
The total cost is $3000.总费用是3000美元。
【拓展精析】
cost作动词，意为“花费”，其过去式 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )和过去分词都为cost。引导的句子中，主语通常是物，常用于结构“物＋costs/cost＋人＋金钱”中。
cost也可作名词，意为“花费；价钱”。
【活学活用】
2)—The T shirt looks nice on you！How much does it __B__？(2014，安庆模拟)
—I just ______en dollars for it.
A．take；took B．cost；paid
C．cost；spent D．take；spend
There are other advantages of bike riding.骑自行车还有其他的优点。
【典例在线】
What's that in your other hand？你另一只手里拿的是什么？
The other students are all on the playground.其他的学生都在操场上。
What else did you do yesterday？昨天你还做了什么？
—Do you have anything else to say？你还有别的事情说吗？
—Nothing else.没别的事了。
【拓展精析】
other和else都可作形容词， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )表示“别的”，但用法完全不同。other修饰名词，位于名词之前；else修饰不定代词(something，everything，anything，nothing，somebody，everybody，anybody，nobody等)、疑问代词(who，which，what等)和疑问副词(when，where等)，位于这些词之后。
【活学活用】
1)—Is there __B__ to discuss
—No，that's all，I guess.(2014，合肥模拟)
A．anything other B．anything else
C．other anything D．else anything
Wang Tao hopes to s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )et up a “metal art” theme park to show people the importance of environmental protection.王涛希望建立一个“金属艺术”主题公园向人们展示环境保护的重要性。
【典例在线】
We're planning to set up a new company.我们正在筹划组建一个新公司。
They will set up the new machine this afternoon.今天下午他们将要安装新机器。
He set up a good example to all of us.他给我们大家树立了一个好榜样。
【拓展精析】
set up为“动词＋副词”短语，意为“建立，创立；安装；安排；树立”等。
【活学活用】
2)Eton College in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )England was __B__ in 1440 by King Henry Ⅵ to give free education to poor students.
A．cleaned up B．set up
C．fixed up D．cheered up
As you set out on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )your new journey，you shouldn't forget where you came from.在新的旅行启程之际，不应忘了你来自何处。
【典例在线】
When we set out ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) on this project，we know it could be difficult.我们开始着手这个项目时就知道它很难。
After a three day rest，the travelers set out again.这些旅行者休息三天后又上路了。
【拓展精析】
set out on sth.意为“开始进行新的或重要的事情”。
set out固定短语，意为“出发”。
out其它相关短语：
run out被用尽；put out扑 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )灭；give out分发；公布；hand out分发；派送；work out解决；算出；come out出版；出现；出来；结果是
【活学活用】
3)他明天一大早就动身去旅行。
He will __set___ __out___ __on__ a journey early in the next morning.
4)Another new fiction ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) by Hanhan is being printed and it will soon __A__．(2014，池州模拟)
A．come out B．set out
C．see out D．work out
none，no one
【典例在线】
Although you'v ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e all worked very hard over the last three years，none of you did it alone.虽然在过去的三年你们都努力学习，但你们并不是孤军奋战。
None of them are/is for the plan.他们当中没有一个人同意这项计划。
—How many books are there in the bag？书包里有多少书？
—None.一本也没有。
I found no one/nobody in the house.我发现没有人在家里。
—Who is in the room？谁在房间里？
—No one./Nobody.没有人。
【拓展精析】
none既可指人又可指物，意为“没有任 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )何人或物；一个也没有”，后可与of短语连用。作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。常用来回答how many或how much引导的问句。
no one＝nobody意为“没有人 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”，常用于指人，不能指物，不能与of短语连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。常用来回答who引导的问句。
【活学活用】
1)—How many birds can you see in the tree
—__A__．All the birds have flown away.(2014，马鞍山模拟)
A．None B．No one C．Nothing D．A few
2)I knocked on the door，but __B__ answered.
A．none B．no one C．someone D．anyone
one，that，it
【典例在线】
—Do you have a pen？你有一支钢笔吗？
—Yes，I have one.是的，我有一支。
He was the only one of the boys who was given a prize.他是这些孩子中唯一受到奖励的。
That hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。
I can't find my hat.I don't know where I put it.我找不到我的帽子。我不知道把它放在哪儿了。
【拓展精析】
one单独使用时，表示泛指。指同类中的另 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一个事物，常常代替带有不定冠词a/an的名词。既可代替人，也可代替物，但只能代替可数名词，其复数形式为ones。若one前有定语修饰，其前可带冠词。
that可以代替“the＋单数名词”，用于特指。主要用于两种东西对比，其复数形式为those。常用来代替物，不能用来代替人。
it代替上文中提到的事物本身，表示特指。即可代替单数可数名词，也可代替不可数名词。
【活学活用】
3)I can't find my ticket.I think I must have lost __A__．(2014，杭州)
A．it B．one C．this D．them
4)—I'm a bit hungry，Auntie!
—There're some cakes on the table.You may take __B__．(2014，宁波)
A．it B．one C．that D．this
一、根据首字母及汉语提示完成单词。
1．I can't stand people who are __cruel__ (残酷的) to animals.(2014，淮南模拟)
2．We can use the cloth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) bags instead of the __plastic__ (塑料的) bags to protect the environment.
3．She has the __advantage__ (有利条件) of a good education.
4．We can __recycle ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )__ (回收利用) books and paper to protect the environment.
5．Last week I did a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) __survey__ (调查) about how the students go to school.(2014，六安模拟)
6．My brother has a master's __degree__ (学位) from Harvard.(2014，阜阳模拟)
7．His father is a __manager__ (经理) of the company.
8．He is a very __caring__ (关心他人的) person.We all love him.(2014，淮北模拟)
9．I was so __thankful__ (感激的) for his support.
10．I am __thirsty__ (渴的)．I want a bottle of water.
二、单项选择。
11．—Why don't you buy an iPad
—It's too expensive.I can't __A__ it.
A．afford B．sell C．borrow D．keep
12．How much does the ticket __A__ from Shanghai to Beijing
A．cost B．took C．spend D．pay
13．—How many students are there in the classroom
—__B__．They are all in the lab.
A．Some B．None C．All D．Nobody
14．—Hurry，Mike！The bus is coming.
—Wait a moment，please！Let me see if there's __A__ left.(2014，芜湖模拟)
A．anything else B．important something
C．nothing else D．any other things
15．—This book on idi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oms is interesting.I'd like __D__，where did you buy it，Simon
—In the Amazon Bookstore.(2014，连云港)
A．it B．this C．that D．one
写作典例之环境保护
(一)(2014，贺州)
当前我国政府倡导节约，抵制浪费。作为中学生我们应如何做到节粮、节水、节电呢？请根据以下要求写一篇题为“How To Save”的短文。
提示：1.节约用水、用电、用纸；
2．去超市自备购物袋；
3．不要浪费食物，乱倒剩饭剩菜；
4．步行或骑自行车去上学。
提示词：tap(水龙头)，uneaten food(剩余饭菜)，electricity(电)
要求：1.80词左右；开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
2．文中不要出现作者本人的真实校名和姓名；
3．请不要逐句翻译，可适当发挥。
【范文欣赏】
How To Save
Our_government_is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_aiming_to_build_an_“economized_society”_(节约型社会)．It is our duty to work hard to achieve this goal.As students，we should do something to help.
First，we'd better ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )save more water，paper and electricity.For example，turn off the lights when we leave the classroom，and remember to turn off the tap after washing our hands.Next，we should take our own bags in shopping instead of using plastic bags from supermarkets.Then don't waste food.We'd better eat up all the food when we have meals.And don't throw uneaten food everywhere.Finally，we'd better go to school on foot or ride a bike instead of taking a car.
In_a_word，I_think_o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne_thing_we_should_keep_in_mind_is_that_no_matter_what_a_small_effort_we_make，it_does_make_a_difference.
(二)(2014，黔西南)
有一种节约叫光盘，有一种公益 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )叫光盘！所谓光盘，就是吃光你盘子中的食物，拒绝浪费，珍惜粮食！针对这项行动，并根据以下提示，请你以“No Wasting on Food”为题写一篇短文，号召大家参与这项活动。
要点提示：
Reason：
1．a waste of food，money
2．pollute the environment
……
Suggestion：
1．eat up all your food/clear your plate
2．leftovers (剩饭菜)．..
3．order less or smaller dishes
注意：1.短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥；
2．语句流畅，书写规范；
3．词数：80－100词；
4．文中不能出现真实人名、地名等信息；
5．开头已给出，不计入总词数。
【范文欣赏】
No Wasting on Food
Recently，many ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_restaurants_in_our_country_have_joined_the_“Clearing_Your_Plate”_campaign_(活动)_against_wasting_food_by_offering_smaller_dishes.
Many people around us ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) also pay more attention to saving food in their daily life.A number of people have realized the importance of saving food.I believe it is meaningful/necessary/important for us to take an active part in this activity.It is a waste of food and money if we order too much food but eat too little.And it's not easy for farmers to produce the food for us.There are still too many poor people in the poor areas in China，they don't have enough food to eat.Meanwhile，the environment will be polluted by the wasted food.Also，eating too much is bad for our health.We should take action to support the campaign.
What should we do in o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ur daily life to waste less food？First，we should eat up all the food in our dishes and plates.Second，we may order less or smaller dishes in the restaurant.Third，we can take the leftovers home and enjoy them later.In a word，I think it is our duty to refuse the waste of food.
,请完成考点跟踪突破21 )