人教版九年级全册Unit 5 What are the shirts made of？讲义

Unit 5 What are the shirts made of？
词汇拓展
leaf (单数)—leaves (复数)
fair n. 展览会 ；交易会 adj. 公平的；白皙的；[气象] 晴朗的fairness n. 公平；美好；unfair adj. 不公平的
sliver n.银；银器 adj. 银的 slivery adj. 似银的
glass n.玻璃 glasses n. 眼镜
produce v. 生产；制造；出产product n.产品，C/U new product新产品
production n.不可名，“生产，制造，产量”
producer 生产商，制造商，产地 film producer.出品人
France n. 法国
French adj.法国的 n. 法语
Frenchman n.法国人 pl. Frenchmen
Germany(德国) —German(德语)
widely adv. wide adj. widen v. 使变宽、加宽
pack v. 包装；装箱 package n. 包裹 packed adj.充满的，塞满的
local adj. 当地的；本地的 localization n. 地方化 localized adj. 局部的，地区的 location n.地点，位置
avoid v. 避免，回避 avoidance n. 避免，避开
international n adj. 国际的
national adj 国家的，民族的 a national drink国饮 nation n.国家，民族 nationality n. 国籍；民族
competitor n.参赛者；竞争者
compete v. 竞赛，竞争 compete with sb. 和...竞争
competition n.比赛
form n. 形式，类型 formal adj.正式的，庄重的 informal adj. 非正式的
lively adj. 生气勃勃的；（色彩）鲜艳的 lively paintings
live adj.活的；实况转播的； vi.居住；生存vt.经历；度过
alive adj. 活着的；活泼的；有生气的
living adj.活的；现存的； n.生存；生计v.生活；居住（live的ing形式）；
historical adj.（有关）历史的 history n.历史，历史学；
historic adj. 有历史意义的；历史上著名的
historian n. 历史学家
heat n. 热；高温 v. 加热，变热 heated adj.热的；激昂的；
complete v. 完成 adj.完整的 completely adv.完全地，彻底地=totally
重点短语
1.由---制成 be made of / from 2.在---制造 be made in
3.由某人制造 be made by sb. 4.在艺术和科学展览会上 at the art and science fair
5. 环境保护 environmental protection 6. 以---闻名 be famous / known for
7.作为---闻名 be famous / known as 8.据我所知 as far as I know
9.在山腰上 on the sides of mountains 10.用手工 by hand
11.送某物用语做某事 send sth for (doing) sth 12.派人去请 send for sb
13.全中国/世界 all over / around China /the world
14.搜寻美国产品 search for American products
15.哪几种东西 what kinds of things 16.在法国 in France
17.不论什么 no matter what 18.在那些国家生产be made in those countries
19.一位17岁的上海男孩 a 17-year-old boy from Shanghai
20.看望他的阿姨和叔叔 visit his aunt and uncle
21.在当地商店的这么多产品 so many products in the local shops
22.为我堂兄买玩具 buy a toy car for my cousin
23.即使，虽然 even though 24.大多数玩具 most of the toys
25.美国牌子 American brands 26.中国生产的唯一东西 the only things made in China
27.一双篮球鞋 a pair of basketball shoes 28.避免买日本产的产品avoid buying products made in Japan
29.实际上 in fact 30.手机 (on the )mobile phones
31.擅长擅长日常用品 be good at making everyday things
32.制造高科技的产品 make high-technology products
33.在世界各地 in all parts of the world
34.由用过的木头和玻璃制成的be made of used wood and glass
35. 在每月的最后的星期五 on the last Friday of each month
36.讲德语 speak German 37.好几个德国人 several Germans
38.在德国 in Germany 39.被---覆盖 be covered with sth / by sb.
40.做衣服 make dresses 41.做风筝 make a kite
42.放风筝 fly a kite 43.引起交通事故 cause traffic accidents
44.对---了解一些（更多) learn /know /find out something about .
45.去度假 go on vacation 46.在度假 on his vacation
47.许多不同种类的风筝 many different kinds of kites
48.在国际风筝节上 (at)an international kite festival
49.从纸到粘土到毛竹 from paper to clay to bamboo
50.变成 turn into (to /on /off/ up/ down around )
51.美的物体 objects of beauty 52.根据 according to
53.放出孔明灯 send out sky lanterns 54.处在困境中 (be) in / out of trouble
55.升到空中 rise into the air 56.被看作光明的象征 be seen as bright symbols
57.剪纸 paper cutting 59.用剪刀剪 be cut with scissors 60.中国粘土艺术 Chinese clay art
61.粘土作品 the clay pieces 62.看起来逼真 look real
63.中国童话故事的生动人物 lively characters from a Chinese fairy tale
64.仔细地用手工定型 be carefully shaped by hand
65.用高温烧 be fired at a very high heat
66. 用于做某事 be used for doing 67.用于做某事 be used to do sth
68.被某人用 be used by sb. 69.由牛奶制成 be made from milk 70.在半夜 at midnight
71.许多关于语言学习的研究 a lot of research on how languages are learned
72.一些古典电影 some classic films
经典句式
1、As far as I know, tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains. 据我所知，茶树被种在山坡上。.
2、He sent out sky lanterns to ask for help when in trouble. 当处于困境时，他放飞孔明灯来寻求帮助。
3、Many traffic accidents are caused by careless driving. 很多交通事故都是被粗心驾驶造成的。
4、Children under 18 are not allowed to watch this show without their parents.
18岁以下的儿童没有家长的陪同不被允许观看这个节目。
5、When the leaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then are sent for processing.
茶叶成熟以后，人们就手工把叶子采摘下来，然后送去加工。
6、It seems that many people all over the world drink Chinese tea. 似乎全世界好多人都在喝中国茶。
7、People say that tea is good for both health and business. 大家说茶对健康和生意都有好处。
8、He found it interesting that so many products in the local shops were made in China.
他发现一个有趣的事情，当地商店里许多产品都是中国制造的。
9、He realized that Americans can hardly avoid buying products made in China.
他意识到美国人几乎不可避免的会买到中国制造的产品。
10、It’s great that china is so good at making these everyday things.
中国擅长制造这些日常用品真的是太棒了。
11、He wishes that in the future China will also get better at making high-technology products.
他希望将来有一天中国更善于制造高科技产品。
12、They try to show the things that are important in life, such as love, beauty and family.
他们通常表达的都是那些生活中重要的东西，比如爱，美和家庭。
13、Sky lanterns are seen as bright symbols of happiness and good wishes.
孔明灯被幸福和美好愿望的光明象征。
14、When the lanterns are lit, they slowly rise into the air like small hot-air balloons.
孔明灯被点燃以后，像小小的热气球一样缓缓地升入天空。
15、These small pieces of clay art show the love that all Chinese people have for life and beauty.
这些小小的陶泥艺术品表达了中国人民对生活和美的热爱。
16、It takes several weeks to complete everything.
完成这一切需要花费几周时间
语法 被动语态
一 .语 态 分 类
英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
e.g They will build a new bridge over the river. A new bridge will be built over the river.
被动语态形式：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。
二.八种时态中的被动语态
一般现在时：am / is / are+ done
一般过去时：was / were + done
一般将来时： will be + done
am / is / are going to be + done
现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done
过去进行时：was / were + being + done
现在完成时：have/has + been+ done
过去完成时：had + been + done
将来完成时：shall / will + have been + done
e.g The school will have been built by 2024.
注意：被动语态没有将来进行时
三.含有情态动词的被动语态：
含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。
e.g You must hand in your compositions after class.
Your compositions must be handed in after class.
四.被 动 语 态 的 使 用
1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。
eg.“Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ”
2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。
eg.These records were made by John Denver.
The cup was broken by Paul.
.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in + 名词作状语，而代替 by 短语。
eg.These cars were made in China.
五.主动语态变被动语态的方法
1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。
3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by 短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in + 地点名词作状语。
六.语态转换时所注意的问题
1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
eg. We have bought a new computer.
A new computer was bought by us.
2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多.
V + sb sth = sb be V-ed sth
e.g My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.
I was given a present by my uncle on my birthday.
如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词， 如上句还可以说：
e.g A present was given to me on my birthday.
注意：①一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。
eg. The book is shown to the class.
My bike is lent to her.
②一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如：
build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep,
make, order, paint, play, sing 等。
eg. A new skirt is made for me.
The meat is cooked for us.
3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。
①及物动词+ 介词: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。
eg.The patient is being operated on.
The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.
②及物动词+ 副词：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。
eg.His request was turned down.
The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.
4. 带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：
eg.We always keep the classroom clean.
The classroom is always kept clean by us.
注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to。

eg.We often hear him play the guitar.
He is often heard to play the guitar.
5. 当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody,作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：
eg. Nobody can answer this question.
The question can be answered by nobody. (×)
The question can't be answered by anybody.
6. 当否定句中的宾语是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing, nobody, no one作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如：
e.g They haven't done anything to make the river clean.
Nothing has been done to make the river clean.
9. 下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：
①感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain等。
eg. —Do you like the material
— Yes, it feels（feel） very soft.
The food tastes (taste) delicious.
The pop music sounds (sound) beautiful.
②谓语是及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own等,不用被动语态。
eg.He entered the room and got his book.
误：The room was entered and his book was got.
She had her hand burned.
误：Her hand was had burned.
③一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。如：
eg.The fire broke out in the capital building.
误：The fire was broke out in the capital building.
④不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。
eg.When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already
risen.
误：The sun had already been risen.
⑤.宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：
eg.I taught myself English.
误：Myself was taught English.
We love each other.
误：Each other is loved..
10.在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，
据说…… It is said that … 据报导…… It is reported that …
普遍认为…… It is generally considered that … 希望…It is hoped that …
众所周知…… It is well known that … 有人建议…… It is suggested that …
据推测…… It is supposed that
11.初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：
be covered with被……覆盖 be made of由……制作（发生物理变化）
be made from由……制作（发生化学变化）be made in由（某地）制造
be made by被（某人）制造 be used for被用来……
be used as被当作（作为）……来使用 be used to do sth．被用来做某事
It is said that．．．据说…… It is hoped that．．．希望……
It is well known that．．．众所周知… It is reported that …
It is believed that …
根据首字母提示完成单词。
1.She looks beautiful because she wears a s________ chain around her neck.
2. Shandong is k________for big and sweet apples.
3. At present, people are trying their best to stop the virus from spreading w______ in the other parts of the world.
4. The red paper is usually folded before it is cut into pictures with s____________.
5.The l on the .ground in autumn mean winter is coming soon.
6.Each c _has two sides.So don't feel too sad because of the bad news.
7.These materials will be p __into paper cups and then sent to different parts of the country.
8.When I travel somewhere new,I would like to taste the l food.
9.It's impossible for people to a making mistakes , so don't worry about it.
10.Because of the heavy t , his car was stuck in cars.
11.Qu Yuan is a h figure in Chinese history.
12.He p his car so that his car looked like new one.
13.Foxconn (富士康）p ___a lot of smart mobile phones for Apple Inc. every year.
14.Chengdu is becoming an i city , more and more foreign companies have their
factories here.
15.The h of the summer sun prevented us from hiking.We had to stay in the hotel.
16.Different f of traditional arts can be found in different parts of the country..
17.People eat food with c in China while westerners eat with knives and forks.
18.The c _ are from different high schools in the city; they will compete with each other in the following games.
19.Paris , one of the l cities in Europe , is famous for its fashion art.
20.I spent two hours p _my old shoes.The shoes have special meaning to me.
1.silver 2.known 3.widely 4.scissors 5.leaves 6.coin 7.processed 8.local 9.avoid 10.traffic
11.historical 12.produces pleted 14.international 15.heat 16.forms
17. chopsticks petitors 19.liveliest 20. polishing
语法填空
（一）
The Chinese boy Su Yiming shone at the 2022 Winter Games in Beijing. After winning ___1___ (China) first ever Olympic gold medal in snowboarding, Su encouraged other youths to go after their goals. ___2___ 17-year-old said after the game, “It feels like a wild dream come true.”
___3___ (influence) by his father, Su, born in Jilin Province, took up skiing at 4. “When I first skied, it was just for fun. At that time, I didn’t know what sport it was,” He recalled. “Then I ___4___ (gradual) fell in love with it.”
After 14 years on the snow, Su has found the most special thing about snowboarding comes from its various styles, and he is trying ___5___ (discover) his own. He said, “Combine your style and ___6___ (difficult). I think this is the coolest thing about snowboarding.”
Besides, Su has noted the rapid growth of the sport has consistently kept him ___7___ (go) forward. “My goal has never been to beat anyone else, ___8___ to challenge myself.”
Although some Changes have taken place over these years, the only unchanged thing for Su is his love for skiing. “Whether ___9___ a fan or an athlete, I’m doing what I love. Only when you love something will you do your best to go for it. If you spare no effort, nothing is ___10___ (possible),” he said.
China’s 2.The 3.Influenced 4.gradually 5.to discover
6．difficulty 7．going 8．but 9．as 10．impossible
（二）
Scientists have used modern technology to recreate the voice of an Egyptian mummy(木乃伊) who’s been dead for 3,000 years.
The mummy has been part of the ____11____ (collect) at Leeds University Museum. Over 3,000 years ago, the mummy was a priest (教士) whose job was ____12____ (sing) and chant in the capital of Egypt.
In 2016, scientists put the mummy in a CT scanner, which ____13____ (allow) scientists and doctors to see inside of things without cutting them open. The CT scanner gave the scientists a complete picture of the mummy’s vocal tract( 声腔) that was used to make sounds. Because the process of turning the priest into a mummy ____14____ (do) so well, his vocal tract was in surprisingly good shape.
Once the scientists had images of the vocal tract, they were able to make a 3D-printed copy of it. Dr. David Howard, ____15____ of the main scientists in the project, created something he called a “Vocal Tract Organ(器官)”. This is basically a speaker ____16____ can push sounds through a 3D-printed vocal tract.
The scientists chose a simple sound as a test. They used the VTO to play the sound. It’s not much, really- just ____17____ “ehhhhh” sound. But the scientists say the sound is very much like the sound that the priest would have made.
How can they be so sure They’ve made 3D-printed models of the vocal tracts of ____18____ (live) people. The sounds those models make are very similar ____19____ the voices of the actual people.
The sound isn’t perfect. But the researchers hope that at some point in the future, they will ____20____ (success) recreate the sounds of the priest speaking in full sentences.
collection 12.to sing 13．allowed 14.was done 15．one
16．that/which 17．an 18．living 19．to 20．successfully