中考英语语法不定代词+it、that、one详解及习题（含答案）

中考英语语法不定代词+it、that、one详解及习题
（一）不定代词的用法
1. some与any
(1) some多用于肯定句中，any多用于疑问句和否定句。
—Do you have any bookmarks —No, I don't have any bookmarks.
I have some questions to ask.
some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议、请求等。
Would you like some bananas
Could you give me some money
(3)some和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。
I have read this article in some magazine.
Please correct the mistakes, if any.
(4)some和数词连用表示“大约”，any可与比较级连用表示程度。There are some 3,000 students in this school.
Do you feel any better today
2.each和every
each 强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上
every 强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上
Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary./ We each have a dictionary.
Every student has strong and weak points./ Every one of us has strong and weak points.
3. no, no one, nobody, none
(1) no等于not any，作定语。There is no water in the bottle.
(2) no one =nobody，两者均只能指人不指物，其后通常不接of短语，作主语时谓语用单数。No one / Nobody likes it.
(3) none既可指人也可指物，作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。其后也通常接of短语。例如：
How much water is there in the bottle None.None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.
none有时暗示一种数量，即指数量上“一个也没有”，而no one或nobody则往往表示一种全面否定，即指“谁都没有”，所以在回答how many或how much的提问时，通常用none；而在回答who的提问时，通常用no one或nobody。
Both，all，either，any，neither与none的用法
都 任何 都不
两者 both either neither
三者(以上) all any none
注：all表示不可数名词时，其谓语动词用单数。
both和all加否定词表示部分否定(否定词不一定在前)，全部否定用neither和none。
All of the hooks are not written in English.= Not all of the books are written in English.不是所有的书都是英文的。
Both of us are not teachers.= Not both of us are teachers.我俩不都是老师。
5.another，other，the other，others，the others
(1) another表示“又一个，另一个”，无所指，指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作代词或形容词。如：
I don't like this shirt, please show me another (one).
The trousers are too long, please give me another pair/some others.
other泛指“另外的，别的”，只作定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用，但如果前面有the，this，that，some，any，each，every，no，one及my，your，his等时，则可与单数名词连用。
如：any other plant, the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way。
the other表示“两者中的另一个”，常与one连用，构成one the other“一个……另一个……”，作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“全部其余的”。如：
I spend half of my holiday practicing English and the other half learning drawing.
others泛指别的人或物，是other的复数形式，泛指别的人或物 (但不是全部)，不可作定语。如：
Some like football, while others like basketball.
the others特指其余的人或物，是the other的复数形式。如：
Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home.
it的用法
用法 举例
代替上文提到的一件事物。 My book is missing. I can't find it anywhere.
代替指示代词this，that。 —What's this —It's a car.
指代时间、季节。 It often rains in spring here.
指代气候、天气、温度、自然环境等。 In Britain it is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer.
指代距离。 It's four kilometers from my home to the farm.
指代不明性别的婴儿。 —Who's the baby in the photo —It's me.
指代远处的人或者敲门者等不能确定对方身份的人。 Open the door, please. It may be the police.
作形式主语。 It's not easy to get him to change his mind.
作形式宾语。 She found it difficult to get along with him.
用于强调结构。 It was he who bought a shirt at this shop yesterday.
it, that, one的用法比较
用法 举例
it (指代同名同物) it指代上文所提事物的本身，如果所代替的事 物为复数，则应该用they或them表示。 The Parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.
it也可以用来代替上文所提到的一件事。 Mary's mother always told her to work hard, but it didn't help.
see to it that = see that/make sure that/check that意思是“确保”“务必”，这里所提到的that 从句中的将来时都要用一般现在时替代。 You will see to it that your methods are ideal.
that (指代同名异物) that表替代时是特指，可指上文谈到物或情况(均为单数),可代替可数名词和不可数名词，有时that后面接of短语。 —He was nearly drowned once. —When was that —It was in 1998 that he was in middle school.
若that所代替的内容为前置用法，即要代替的内容将出现在下文中，一般用this，these或the following表示。 What I want to suggest is that：Everyone should have another try. We needn't only wait for help.
one （既可代替物，也可代替人） 常用来代替与上文所提到人或物相类似的不确定的另一人或物 (而that代替上文谈到的物或情况)，且被替代者为可数名词单数形式，相当于“a+名词”(泛指)，其复数形式为ones。 Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, one I will always treasure.
若下文替代者为另一特指含义，则用the one the+adj+one形式表示；若下文替代时为复数含义，则用the+adj+ones或the ones表示。 I brought a necklace to you that day, but it was a different one.
one作替代词用时，其前可加某些形容词或限定词，如the,this, that, which, each, every, any，但一般不能直接在其前加物主代词。 I don't like this blue cat, I'd like the red one.
【常考固定结构链接】
nothing less than“不亚于” “完全”。
如：It was nothing less than a miracle. 那完全是个奇迹。
His negligence was nothing less than criminal.他的粗心大意无异于犯罪。
nothing more than“仅仅” “不过是”。
如：It was nothing more than a shower.只不过下了场阵雨。
It is nothing more than a made-up story. 它只不过是杜撰的故事而已。
anything but为习语，意为“根本不是”“一点不是”。
如：The party was anything but a success. 晚会根本不成功。
注意：anything but不仅可用于事物，也可用于人；anything but有时可单独使用。
如：I don't mean he's lazy—anything but!我不是说他懒，他根本不懒。
nothing but也是习语，意为“仅仅” “只”。
如：There is nothing but some waste paper in the desk. 课桌里只有些废纸。
现场训练
1.I found_______ difficult to make friends with him because he is very shy.
A.that B.one C.it D.what
2. One of the most important questions they had to consider was_______ of public health.
A.what B. this C. that D.which
3.If something is wrong, fix it. Do not worry. Worry never fixes_______.
A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything
4. As a student studying in America, I find that the method of teaching is quite different from_______given by Chinese teachers.
A.one B. that C.it D.those
5.—What do you think of the furniture on exhibition
—Well, great! But I don't think much of _______ you bought.
A.the one B.it C.that D.which
6.To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against_______.
A.another B. the other C. other D.either
7.The book is_______ but boring; it is, in fact,rather exciting and fascinating.
A.anything B.nothing C. something D.all
8._______ in the office had made a mistake, and the firm regretted causing the customers inconvenience.
A.None B.Anyone C.One D.Someone
9.The USA received more than 1,000 applicants from the Chinese mainland in 2012, making_______ the top market of the Green Card through investment program.
A.that B.itself C.them D.it
10.We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose_______based on your own interests.
A.either B.each C.one D.it
11. If you see things in a negative light, you will find faults everywhere and problems where there are really_______.
A.none B.some C. many D.nothing
12.In my opinion, there's no greater happiness than_______of succeeding in one's career.
A.one B.it C. that D.those
13.I prefer a flat in Paris to_______ in Perth, because I want to live near my Mom's.
A.it B.that C.one D.this
14.—Oh, the traffic is so heavy.
—Let's change_______route to the airport.
A.other B.others C. the other D.another
15. I spent the whole day repairing the motorbike. The work was_______ simple.
A.nothing but B.anything but
C. something of D.all except
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