Unit 1 Know yourself 知识点详解

9A Unit 1 Know yourself 知识点详解
Welcome to the unit
1. It says some people are generous. 它（文章）说一些人是很慷慨的。
“It says/reads...”意为“它上面说/写着/显示……”,指书面材料或其他可见的东西(如书本、报纸、标牌、通知、信件、贺卡、钟表等)所提供的信息，后常接宾语从句或直接引语,表示说或显示的内容。
--What does your watch say --It says five twenty.
The notice says “Keep out”.
The book doesn't say where he was born.
【注意】句型中says/reads不可换成 writes。
2. It makes them feel good to share things with others. 和别人分享东西，让他们感觉很好。
成分分析：It ( ) makes( ) them( ) feel good( )
to share things with others( ).
(1)make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
此处make为使役动词，类似的动词还有let、have等。
Who made the little girl cry
*被动语态：sb. be made to do sth.
I am made to exercise every morning.
【注意】make, let, have等使役动词和watch, see, hear,notice等感官动词在主动语态中后接省略to的不定式，在被动语态中to要还原出现。
(2)make做使役动词的其他用法：
①make+sb./sth.+n.使得某人/某物成为...
We made him our monitor.
②make+sb./sth.+adj.使得某人/某物处于某种状态
Don’t make ourselves dangerous.
③make+sth.+done让某物被...
当动词不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，然后把真正的主语放在句子的后面。
句 型 例句
“It is +名词/名词短语+to do sth.”意为“做某事是…” It is our duty to serve the people.
“It is +形容词+ to do sth.”意为“做某事是…” It is difficult to learn a foreign language.
“It is +形容词+for sb.+ to do sth.”意为“对某人来说，做某事是…” It is important for us to protect our eyes.
“It is +形容词+ of sb. + to do sth.”意为“某人做某事是…” It is kind of you to help me with my lessons.
⑤“It takes/took sb.+一段时间+to do sth.”意为“做某事花费某人多长时间。” It takes her an hour to review her lessons every day.
3. Hobo，You've eaten up my breakfast！Hobo,你吃光了我的早饭！
(1)eat up吃光，吃完 “动词+副词”结构短语
①eat+名词+up=eat up+名词
Please eat up your noodles quickly.=Please eat your noddles up quickly.
②eat+代词+up（代词只能放在中间）
I bought an apple and I ate it up in the afternoon.
(2)与up有关的短语
clean up打扫干净 give up放弃
look up查阅 set up建立
use up 用完 turn up调高（turn down调低）
cheer up振作起来 pick up拿起；接电话
wake up叫醒 make up化妆；编造
dress up乔装打扮
4. Suzy is well organized.苏西很有条理。
organized adj.有条理的;有效率的
*词根变形
①organize 动词 组织
②organizer 名词 组织者;筹划者
③organization 名词 组织
I agreed to help organize the company picnic.
They have established a student organization.
5. She keeps all her things in good order.她使自己所有的东西都保持井然有序。
keep...in (good) order 使…保持井然有序
①作名词
命令：give/obey orders发出/听从命令
顺序，次序：put the words in the right order
治安，秩序：keep classes in order
②作动词
点菜：order a cake for myself
订购：order a computer online
命令；要求：order her son not to stay up late
order sb. (not) to do sth. 命令某人（不）做某事
6. Daniel is very clever, but he is modest and never shows off.丹尼尔很聪明，但他很诚实并且从不炫耀。
show off意为“炫耀”，后面接名词、代词和从句，代词放中间。
Don’t show it off here.
Those boys always show off their sports skills to the girls.
show的用法
①show sb. sth = show sth to sb 给某人看某位
②show sb around some place 带领某人参观某地
When you come to Nanjing, I will show you around this city.
③show sb the way to…/where …is/ how sb can get to… 给某人指到...的路
④show +that从句…
Your work shows that you are careful.
⑤show up 出现，露面
He showed up at last.
7. Mr Wu is patient enough to repeat grammar rules for us. 吴老师足够耐心为我们反复讲解语法规则。
adj./adv.+enough+ to do sth 足够...做某事
Soon Alice was small enough to go through the door, so she decided to enter the garden.
She can run fast enough to catch up with others.
【拓展】
①“adj./adv. +enough +to do sth.”结构可以与“so...that...(如此…以至于…)”结构进行同义句转换。
Tom is funny enough to make us laugh. = Tom is so funny that he can make us laugh.
②“not + adj./adv. + enough + to do sth.(不足够...而不能做某事)”结构,可与“too...to...(太…而不能…)”结构进行同义句转换。
He is not old enough to drive.=He is too young to drive.
8. Samuel is creative. He often comes up with new ideas. 塞缪尔富有创造力。他经常想出新主意。
creative作形容词，意为“有创造力的，创造性的”，它的动词形式是 ，意为“创造”，它的名词形式是 ，意为“创造力”。
come up with想出（主意）相当于think of/up，后面跟名词或者代词作宾语。
When things go wrong, he is always able to come up with good ideas.
【注意】come up with没有被动语态
An answer was come up with by Tom. (×)
9. Billy is curious about everything. Billy对一切都感到好奇。
be curious about对…感到好奇
后面可以跟名词、代词、动词-ing或从句。
10. Simon is very energetic. 西蒙精力非常充沛。
energetic作形容词,意为“精力充沛的”，常用于修饰人，可作定语或表语。
I never saw such an energetic man.
【拓展】energetic的近义词为active，意为“活跃的;积极的”，名词形式为 ，意为“精力;能量”。have a lot of energy= be energetic
11. Neither my parents nor I think I can make a good accountant. 我和我父母都认为我不能成为一名好会计。
“neither...nor..”, 意为“既不…也不…”,表示否定意义,在句中可连接任意两个并列的成分。当其连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词要遵循"就近原则",即谓语动词应与nor后面的成分在人称和数上保持一致。
Neither Dad nor Mum is at home today.
若将含有“neither..nor..”结构的句子变为肯定句，只需把“neither...nor...”改为“both...and...”,但谓语动词必须用复数形式。
Both Dad and Mum are at home today.
【拓展】neither的其他用法
①neither作限定词时，意为“两者都不(的)”, 后接可数名词单数。
Neither car was made in Japan.
②neither作代词时,意为“两者都不”。当“neither of+名词”作主语时，通常被视为单数，但从意义上讲也可视为复数。
Neither of my parents enjoy(s) music.
③neither作副词时，意为“也不”，可用于指上文否定的陈述同样适用于其他人道物,常用在倒装句中。
--Tom can't swim. --Neither can l.
12. Yeah, I agree. 是的，我同意。
agree做不及物动词，意为“同意，赞同”，常与介词with/to/on等连用。
【辨析】agree with，agree to与agree on
agree with 同意 常用来表示同意某人的话、意见或看法等，其后接表示人的名词或代词。
agree to 同意，应允； 愿意，答应 通常用于对事，不用于对人，其后接表示事物的名词，如decision，idea，plan，opinion等。agree to后接动词原形，意为“愿意，答应”，并有愿意协助之意。
agree on 就……取得一致意见 宾语多为表示某件事或某个计划等的名词，不能是表示人的名词或代词。
13. as good as 和…几乎一样，简直是
(1) “A miss is as good as a mile.” “失之毫厘，谬以千里”。
(2) The model ship is as good as a real one. 这个轮船模型几乎和真的一样。
【注意】as good as 还可表示“和……一样好”。
I hope my book is as good as yours.
Reading
1. Wu wei is a born artist. 吴伟是一位天生的艺术家。
born 作形容词，意为“天生的”，既可作定语修饰名词，又可作状语修饰形容词。birth作名词，意为“出生”。
when sb be born= at birth出生时
born rich生来富有
born leader天生的领袖
I think he was born stupid.
be born with ...天生具有...
be born with intellectual disabilities
【注意】born作形容词，没有比较级和最高级
born 作动词，意为“出生”，用于被动语态，be born 意为“出生”，后可接介词短语。
I was born in 2001.
2. Wu Wei, the young artist, has impressed the whole country with his creative work.
吴伟，一位年轻的艺术家，通过他的富有创造性的作品给全国留下深刻印象。
impress作动词，意为“给...留下印象”
①impress sb. with sth.
He impressed me with his excellent drawing skills.
②be impressed with
I am impressed with your speech.
③leave an impression on sb.
Your school left a beautiful impression on me.
3. His sculpture for Sunshine Town Square has won high praise from the art community.
他的创作的阳光城广场雕塑已赢得了艺术协会的高度赞扬。
(1) praise作不可数名词，意为“赞扬，表扬”。
win high praise from 赢得...的高度赞扬
receive praise from收到...的赞扬
give praise to 表扬...
praise还可作动词，意为“表扬，称赞”。
praise sb. for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事表扬某人
(2)辨析：win 与beat
win 赢得，获胜 所接宾语一般是比赛、辩论、战斗、奖金等名词或赢得的荣誉 Lilei beat Jim and won the first prize.
beat 打败，战胜 所接宾语是参加比赛的人、团体等
4. …so I'm always searching for something better and different.……所以我总是搜寻更好的或与众不同的东西.
be always doing sth 意为“总是在做某事”，always与进行时连用时，常表达说话人的某种情绪。
He was always asking his parents for money.
5. This in itself is great fun. 这本身就很有趣。
（1）itself它自己，反身代词，指的是这个物体或事情的本身
①主语同位语
The activity itself is very meaningful.
②宾语
You take good care of yourself.
③表语
Just be yourself.
（2）fun作不可数名词，意为“有趣”，形容词 ，意为“滑稽的，有趣的”。
have fun doing sth做某事很开心
6. Su Ning gave up her job as an accountant five years ago and started to work for the sales department in a big company. 五年前苏宁放弃了她的会计工作，开始为一家大公司的销售部门工作。
①give up放弃
give up sth/doing sth放弃某事/放弃做某事
give birth to...分娩... give away泄露
give out分发=hand out give off发出
②work for ...为...效力
7. Su Ning is now the general manager of the company. 苏宁现在是这家公司的总经理。
general作形容词，意为“总的；普遍的”。
【拓展】
①“常规的；笼统的；一般的”
general knowledge常识
②in general=generally speaking总的来说
8. Life is like a race. You either take the lead or fall behind. 生活就像一场赛跑。你要么领先，要么落后。
(1) either
①用作副词，意为“也”，通常用在否定句句末。
I don’t want the blue one, and I don’t want the red one,either.
②用作代词, 意为“两者之一；（两者中的）任何一个”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
There are two bikes in the room. You can ride either of them.
③用作形容词，意为“任何一个（的）”，后接可数名词单数。
There are shops on either side of the street.
④either … or…并列连词，意为“不是...就是...，或者...或者...”，连接主语时，谓语动词要与靠近它的主语保持一致。
Either you or he is wrong.
(2) lead作名词，意为“领先地位，榜样”；作动词，意为“指引，引导，带领”。
take the lead 处于领先地位，独占鳌头
lose the lead 失去领先地位，落在后面
take lead in doing sth. 意为“在做某事上领先”。
lead to 导致
(3) fall behind意为“落后”，如果用于现在完成时的肯定句，即出现for/since时,句中fall behind要变为be behind。
9. I’m ready to take on new challenges any time. 我准备好了随时接受新的挑战。
be ready to do sth准备好做某事=be ready for sth
I’m ready for the coming exam.
get ready to do sth为...做准备=get ready for sth
I am getting ready for the coming exam.
get sth ready for sb为某人准备某物=prepare sth for sb
get everything ready for us=prepare everything for us
challenge作可数名词，意为“挑战”，形容词challenging，意为“有挑战性的”
take on意为“承担，接受，从事”
10. Liu Hao is the chief engineer of the high-speed railway connecting Sunshine Town to Tianjin. 刘浩是连接阳光城和天津这段高速铁路的总工程师。
connect作及物动词，意为“连接”，connect ...to/with...意为“把...与...相连，连接；联系。”
connecting Sunshine Town to Tianjin作 ，修饰 。动词的现在分词（短语）作定语时，表示主动的含义，通常指动作正在进行中。
11. We can’t afford to make any mistakes. 我们不能犯任何错误。
afford作动词，意为“买得起，负担得起”，通常与can, could, be able to连用，一般用于否定句、疑问句中。
afford (to do) sth.意为“承担得起（做）某事”，
can’t afford (to do) sth.意为“承担不起（做）某事”。
We can’t afford to buy a new house.
Can they afford to go abroad this summer 　　
12. All of us know that it’s necessary to pay attention to every detail.我们都知道注意每个细节是必要的。
pay attention to意为“注意”，这里的to是一个介词，和look forward to用法一致，接动词要用动词ing形式。
pay attention to (doing) sth. 注意(做）某事
pay no/more/less attention to (doing) sth. 对.…置之不理/多关注/少关注某事
attract/catch one’s attention 吸引/抓住某人的注意力
It在本句中作形式主语:①It’s adj. (for sb.) to do sth. ②It’s adj. (for sb.) not to do sth③It’s+adj. that +从句
13. He always works to high standards,but he’s modest and easy to work with. 他总是按照高标准工作，但是他很谦虚且很好合作。
standard作可数名词，意为“标准”。
work to high standards按照高标准工作
14. Fang Yuan, head of Sunshine Hospital and a pioneer heart surgeon, is kind and patient. 方圆，阳光医院的领导以及心脏外科先驱，既善良又有耐心。
head作形容词，意为“领头的”；作名词，意为“领袖，领导”。
pioneer作名词，意为“先锋，开拓者，先驱”。
surgeon作名词，意为“外科大夫”，surgery作名词，意为“外科手术”。
15. As a doctor, you can’t be too careful. 作为一个医生，再怎么仔细也不为过。
can’t...too...意为“无论怎样…也不算过分，越…越好”。
You can’t praise the book too much.
有时也可用can never，impossible等与too连用来表示类似的意思。
A kid can never have too many toys.
It is impossible to get to school too soon.
16. Carelessness will be a disaster not only to ourselves but also to patients.粗心不仅对我们自己而言是一场灾难，而且对病人而言也是如此。
n. care n.
adj. adj.
adv. adv.
not only ... but also ...意为“不仅... 而且...”，当not only... but also...连接两个主语时，要遵循就近原则。Not only he but also his parents like playing computer games.
Not only you but also he is tired of taking an exam one by one.
17. She’s always willing to work extra hours.她总是愿意加班。
18. In fact, Doctor Fang often does operations for about ten hours a day.事实上，方医生总是一天做十个小时的手术。
operation作名词，意为“手术”。
do operations on sb. =operate on sb. 给某人做手术
医生开始给那个男孩做手术。
19. She has devoted most of her time to her work. 她已经把她大多数的时间贡献给了她的工作。
devote作动词，意为“把...贡献给”，常接时间、精力、生命等抽象名词作宾语。
devote ... to sth/doing sth
devote oneself to 献身于，致力于
devote attention/effort/energy to（贡献出）付出注意力/努力/能量
He could only devote two hours to his study every day.
Lei Feng devoted himself to working for people all his life.
20. All the people in the town respect her.所有镇上的人尊重她。
respect作动词，意为“尊敬，尊重”；还可作不可数名词，意为“尊敬，尊重”。
respectable值得尊敬的
respectful恭敬的
21. Do you think your personality is suitable for the job 你认为你的性格适合这份工作吗？
be suitable for
be suitable to do
Grammar
一、并列连词and, but, or, so
英语中,并列连词是连接单词、短语或句子的虚词,不能单独作句子成分。连词按其作用可分为并列连词、转折连词、选择连词、因果连词四大类。
(1)并列连词and意为“和，又，并且”，表达并列关系，常用来连接表示对等成分的单词、短语或句子，表示意思的并列、顺承或增补。在连接三个或三个以上的并列成分时，and 要放在最后一个成分前。
Mike likes playing football and singing songs.
He went to market and bought some vegetables.
【注意】在连接人称代词时，通常按第二、第三、第一人称的顺序;如果and后连接的和前面的主语指代相同，就不必重复第一个主语。
May and I are good friends.
We saw the tower and liked it.
【拓展】and还可意为“那么,就”,在固定句型“祈使句，and+陈述句”中，祈使句表示条件，and后的陈述句则表示一个较好的结果，常用一般将来时。
Work hard, and you’ll get good grades.
(2)并列连词but意为“但是”，表示转折关系，所连接的成分意思往往相反或相对。
My uncle bought me a watch, but I did not like it.
【注意】
①如果连接两个相同的主语或两个相同的“主语+谓语动词”，but后省去相同的部分。
He has two pens but no pencils.(but后省了he has)
②although/though与but不能同时出现在一个句子中。
(3)并列连词or意为“或者”，表示选择关系，如果连接两个主语，谓语动词要与or后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致,即遵循“就近原则”；也可意为“否则”，用于“祈使句，or+简单句”中。
注意：and和or都可表示“和”，and常用于肯定句中，or常用于否定句或疑问句中，用于否定句中表示“也不”，用于疑问句中表示“或者”。
You or I am going with Mum.
Which do you like better, juice or coffee
Be careful, or you will lose you way!
I cannot speak Japanese or French.
(4)并列连词so意为“因此，所以”，表示因果关系，常用来连接两个简单句。
注意：并列连词so不能和从属连词because一起使用。
It began to rain, so we went home.
The dog was hungry, so we gave it something to eat.
=Because the dog was hungry, we gave it something to eat.
【举一反三】
1. Peter had a stomach ache, he went to see a doctor.
2. We felt tired, we were very happy.
3. His mother cooked dinner made a cake.
4. Do you like this blue shirt that white one
二、并列连词both...and...，not only...but (also)...，either...or...，neither...nor...
(1) both...and...意为“…和…两者都；既…又…”。连接的两个成分在句中做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
He can both swim and skate.
Both she and I are good at English.
(2) not only...but (also)...意为“不但…而且…，不仅...还有...”，当连接两个名词做主语时，其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，即遵循所谓的“就近原则”。
They speak English not only in class but also at home.
Not only the students but also Mr Li has lunch at school.
(3) either...or... 意为“要么…要么…，或者…或者…；不是…就是…”，用于连接两个表示选择关系的词。连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数应遵循“就近原则”。
When the girl is happy, she either sings or dances.
Either you or I am going there tomorrow.
(4) neither...nor... 意为“既不…也不…”，具有否定意义。当neither... nor... 连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数也应遵循“就近原则”。
1. Sometimes she is impatient. 她有时不耐烦。
impatient作形容词，意为“不耐烦的，急躁的”；它的反义词是 ，意为“有耐心的;能忍耐的”。 ，作名词还可意为“病人”。
impatience n. 无耐心
be impatient with sb. 对某人不耐烦
They are impatient with the long trip.
2. Billy would not accept others’ advice比利不会接受别人的建议。
①【辨析accept与receive】
accept v. “接受”(具有主观意义的接受)。
receive v. “接收” (只是被动收到)。
②advice作不可数名词，意为“建议;意见”。
a piece of advice “一则建议”; some advice “一些建议”。
ask for advice “征求意见”; follow/take sb’s advice “接受某人的建议”。
advise作动词，意为“建议”。 advise sb. to do sth. “建议某人做某事”。
③other+n.复数=others
3. Billy would not think twice. 比利不会三思而行。
think twice 三思而行
think twice about (doing) sth. 对（做）某事再三考虑，慎重考虑（做）某事
Linda would think twice about going to America.
think about “考虑”; think of “想起，想出”; think over “仔细考虑”。
4. Suzy worries too much. 苏茜过于担忧。
too much “太;过于”, 修饰副词短语; “太多”, 修饰不可数名词。 他吃得太多。 他有太多作业要做。
much too “太”，修饰形容词或副词。 它看起来太不整洁了。
too many “太多”，修饰可数名词复数。 教室有太多的人。
worry既可作动词，也可作名词，意为“担心; 忧虑; 发愁”。
Don’t worry about making mistakes.
Some students don’t know how to deal with worries.
5. Either my mum or my dad does the dishes after lunch. 午饭后我妈妈或者我爸爸洗碗。
do the dishes 洗碗
dish作名词，意为“盘;碟”。
do+限定词(the/one’s/some)+n. 做...
插花 购物
Integrated skills & Study skills
1. Each of them represents a lunar year. 其中每一种动物代表衣历的一年。
each each强调个体，可以作形容词和代词，用于两者或两者以上的人或物。 ①作代词， “各自，每个”，常与of连用，后接复数名词或代词； Each of the companies supports a local charity. ②作限定词，“各个的，各自的”，用于单数名词前。 Each group has a task to raise money for the disabled.
every every强调整体，只能作形容词，有“每个的，所有的”之意，修饰单数名词，用于三者或三者以上的人或物。 Every student needs to study hard.
represent作动词，意为“代表；象征”相当于 。
2. They appear in a fixed order and the cycle repeats every 12 years. 它们以固定的顺序出现，每12年循环一次。
appear作动词，意为“出现”，无被动语态，它的反义词是 ，意为“消失”。
作系动词，相当于seem，appear (+to be)+形容词/名词 ，意为“看上去好像…,似乎…”。
He appeared (to be) very tired.
fixed作形容词，意为“固定的”。in a fixed order
fix还可作动词，意为“使固定; 安装修理”，其过去式 过去分词均为fixed。
Can you help me fix the shelf to the wall
every 12 years 每12年→ every+基数词+名词复数 “每……”
3. lively
lively “活泼的；生气勃勃的”，可以作表语、定语。
alive “活着的，在世的”，作表语和后置定语。stay alive
living “活着的；活的”，作定语。 living things
4. 12 in all, each representing a lunar year 总共12个，每一个代表一个衣历年
in all “总共，共计”。
【al1相关短语】
above all 最重要的是；尤其是
first of all 第一；首先
after all 终究；毕竟
not at all 一点也不
5. depend on
相当于depend upon，意为“取决于”，后可接名词、代词或从句作宾语。
That depends on you.
还可意为“依靠，依赖”。
depend on sb to do sth依靠某人做某事
You should depend on yourself to solve your problems.
6. Some people believe that people born under the same animal sign may have similar personalities. 有些人相信出生在同一生肖的人可能有相似的性格。
①believe意为“相信，认为，信任”；常用短语believe in，意为“信任”。
The students in our class all believe in our English teacher.
②similar作形容词，意为“相似的”，same作形容词，意为“相同的”。
be similar to=
③personality作名词，意为“个性”，形容词是 ，意为“个人的，私人的”。
7. In Western countries, a year is divided into a cycle of 12 star signs. 在西方国家，一年被分成12个星座的循环。
be divided into意为“被分成”，它的主动结构为divide...into…意为“把…分成…”。
A year is divided into four seasons.
8. Some people believe that your star sign may decide your personality. 有些人认为你的星座可能会决定你的性格。
decide to do= =
9. If you are interested in either animal signs or star signs... 如果你对动物星座或者星座感兴趣...
10. It is you who shape your life and your future. 塑造你的生活和你的未来的人是你。
本句是强调句。强调句的结构为“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who…”。
强调句通常强调句子的某一成分，it没有实际意义，只是引出被强调的部分。如果被强调的部分是表示人的词，引导词用that或who都可以；如果被强调的部分是其他成分，则用that。
It was Tom who/ that found the pen in the classroom yesterday.
强调the pen
强调in the classroom
昨天在敬
shape作动词，意为“便成形，塑造”，后可接名词或代词作宾语；作名词, 意为“形状，外形”。
shape sb./sth. 塑造某人/某物
in shape 在外形上 in the shape of以…的形状。
Exercise can shape people’s personalities.
An elephant is different from a tiger in shape.
11. It is said that people born in the Year of the Tiger are brave. 据说虎年出生的人很勇敢。
“It is said that…”意为“据说…”,其中it是形式主语，that 从句是真正的主语。
It is said that there was a serious earthquake there.
It is+动词的过去分词+that从句
It is believed that ...人们相信/认为…
It is known that ... 众所周知…
It is reported that … 据报道…
It is thought that … 大家认为…
12. That’s not the case. 事实并非如此。
13. Mm, you’re brave in some ways. 嗯，在某些方面你很勇敢。
in some ways 在某些方面
在句中作状语，常置于句首或句尾
In some ways, a hobby can make you relax.
含way的其他常用短语:
①in the/one’s way 妨碍;挡着...的路
②on the/one’s way 在路上
③by the way 顺便说一声
④in this way 用这种方法
14. Personality includes your thoughts,feelings and behaviours which make you different from other people. 个性包含了使你不同于他人的思想、情感和行为。
include为及物动词，意为“包含；包括”。
【辨析】include与including
include 动词，通常在句中做谓语 The cat family includes lions and tigers.
including 介词，后接名词，代词构成介词短语 Seven people in all, including a teacher, are flying to Paris.
15. That is why people say “like father, like son”. 那就是为什么人们说“有其父必有其子”。
“That is why+从句”意为“那就是…的原因;那就是为什么…”，why引导表语从句，表示结果。
【拓展】“That is because+从句”意为“那是因为…”，because引导表语从句，表示原因。
Jill was unhappy yesterday. That is because her bike was lost.
16. The environment, including your education, your experiences and the people around you, can change your personality. 环境，包括你(所受到)的教育、你的经历和你周围的人，能改变你的性格。
experience作可数名词, 意为“经历”；作不可数名词，意为“经验”, 后常接介词in或of，表示在某方面的经验。
I had a wonderful experience in America.
Experience is the best teacher.
17. For example, you may become confident if you successfully complete a difficult task through hard work. 例如，如果你通过努力成功完成一项困难的任务，你可能会变得自信。
①confident adj.→ n.
②successfully adv.→ adj.→ n.→ v.
18. Skimming 略读
Skimming means reading the text quickly to get the main idea.
①the title
②the first and last paragraphs
③the first sentence of each paragraph
④the topic sentence
【练一练】
What do you think of British people and American people You might think that there are no differences between the people in the two countries. After all they speak the same language, don’t they But if you ask a British or an American person, the differences are quite great.
What do British people think Americans are like The British think Americans are very strange.They make a lot of noise and they laugh too loudly. They are rich, and they only think about money. But the British do say that Americans are kind, friendly people.They are happy to help you if you are in trouble.
What do Americans think of the British Well, they think the British are cold and very unfriendly.They are not interested in success or in making lots of money. They think Britain is the best country in the world. They look down upon other countries. But Americans say that the British are quite good workers. They are brave and honest. And in time of trouble they face difficulties happily.
You can see that these ideas can cause misunderstanding between the British and Americans. But when American and British people become friends, they usually find things are not as bad as they expected.
①What do you think of the differences between British and American people
A. Their differences are very small. B. The differences are very great.
C. There are no differences between them. D. Some people think there are, but some people don’t think so.
②What do the British think Americans are like
A. They are strange but friendly. B.They are poor.
C. They are rich but unfriendly. D. They are happy in trouble.
③What do Americans think of the British but
④The American and British people usually get along quite well .
A. when misunderstanding is caused between them B. once they become friends
C. after they fight D. when they help each other
Task
1. We are writing to recommend David as our new monitor. 我们写信推荐戴维担任我们的新班长。
recommend sb. as… =recommend sb. to be... 推荐某人担任...
recommend sb. to do sth. 推荐某人去做某事
recommend sb. for sth. 推荐某人获得某物
I would like to recommend Chen Dan for the year’s Young Star Award.
recommend sb. sth.=recommend sth. to sb. 向某人推荐某物
Would you recommend me a good book =Would you recommend a good book to me
2. He has many strong qualities for this position. 他有很多突出的品质适合这个职位。
position作名词，意为“职业，职务”;也可意为“位置，名词”。
in position 到位，在正确的位置
out of position 不在正确的位置
3. He thinks he can do anything if he tries his best. 他认为他如果尽最大努力就能做到任何事情。
try/do one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事
含try的相关短语
① try doing sth尝试做某事
② try out 试验
③ try to do sth 尽力做某事
④ try on试穿
⑤ try out for 参加…选拔
4. He is not afraid of making a speech in front of many people. 他不害怕在许多人面前发表演讲。
be afraid of (doing) sth. = be afraid to do sth 害怕(做)某事
We must not be afraid of losing. =We must not be afraid to lose.
be afraid +that从句 担心/害怕…
He was afraid that it would rain.
I’m afraid (that)… 恐怕/很遗憾…
I’m afraid I can’t help you.
speech作名词，意为“演说，讲话，发言; 台词”，复数 ；动词形式是 ，意为“讲话”。
make a speech 发表演讲
5. He never forgets the things he needs to do. 他从不会忘记自己需要做的事情。
need
①行为动词：有人称、时态和数的变化。
need sth 需要某物
need to do sth. 需要做某事
need sb to do sth 需要某人做某事
sth needs doing =sth. needs to be done某物需要被做
②情态动词：无人称、时态和数的变化，后接动词原形，多用于否定句或疑问句中。
needn’t = don’t have to不必
③名词：需要，需求
6. He will help us with our lessons if we are absent from school. 如果我们缺课，他会帮助我们补习功课。
absent作形容词，意为“缺席的”。名词形式是 ，意为“缺席”。反义词是 ，意为“出席的，到场的”。
be absent from… 缺席...
Sometimes he was absent from classes and failed his examinations.
7. We hope that you agree with us. 我们希望您同意我们(的看法)。
agree with sb. “同意某人(的看法)”。
If you agree with me, answer with a “yes”.
agree to sth. “同意(提议、办法、计划等)”。
agree to do sth. “同意做某事”。
I agree to do that operation.
agree on sth. “对…取得一致意见”。