Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?讲义2023-2024学年人教版英语八年级上册

Unit1 What’s the matter
重点词汇
n.问题；事情 某人/某物怎么啦？v.要紧 不要紧。
无论...
foot n.→pl. 步行 步行去...地方 在...脚下
lie v.躺→pt. pp. V+ing /v.撒谎→pt. pp. V+ing
n.谎言 说谎 lay v. 产卵，下蛋，放置pt. pp. V+ing
4.tooth n.牙齿pt. 牙痛n. 刷牙 牙痛
5.hurt v./adj.疼痛，受伤pt. pp. 伤着自己 受伤
6.break v.打破，打碎pt. pp. adj. n.间歇，休息 休息
7.surprise n./v.吃惊，惊吓 adj.惊吓的 adj.令人惊吓的 惊吓某人 吃惊地
让某人吃惊的是 对....感到吃惊
trouble n.问题，苦恼 = 处于困境中 陷入困境 做 ...苦恼
hit v.打，击pt. pp. V+ing 打中某人的.... 用某物打某人
10.sick adj.生病的=ill 感到恶心 生病 = 病人
11.breathe v.呼吸 深呼吸 上气不接下气
12.accident n.交通→adj. 偶然，意外
13.run →pt. pp. V+ing 用完（主语人） 用完（主语物）
14.mean v.意思是，打算pt. pp. V+ing 意味着 打算做
Section A
1.sore adj. 疼痛的 可作定语或表语。 eg.She has a sore throat / back . My leg is very sore .
2.back n. 后面，背面. eg. He sat at the back of the classroom. adv . 回 (原处) come back
3. lie 躺，卧 ---lay- lain-lying lie down 躺下 撒谎 ---lied-lied .lying eg.You are lying to me .
n. 谎言假话 tell a lie / lies lay .---laid .laid. laying 产卵 下蛋 放置
4. rest 休息 v./n. eg.You should rest for a few days . get some rest= have(take) a rest /a break / breaks休息一下
5. to one ‘s surprise 使某人惊讶的是 常作插入语，位于句首 eg.To his surprise, she failed the exam .
in surprise 吃惊地 surprising ----物 What surprising news !
Surprised---- 人be surprised to do / be surprised at sth / be surprised that…
much too+ adj.， 太...... ， too many+ c n(pl.)，太多……
too much+u n.，太多…也可做副词 talk too much
7. enoughadj./adv. 足够的/地，(1) enough +名词; enough water (2) 形副+ enough ; good enough
8. sound like+n./pron./that：听起来像 eg.It sounds like you don’t know the truth.. It sounds like a good idea. Sound( look/feel/taste/smell )+adj. 听起来... e.g. The music sounds nice.
9. need (1).需要v. 人做主语 need+sth.，需要某物; need (sb.)to do sth..需要做某事，
(2). 物作主语;sth. needs doing/ to be done ; eg. The room needs cleaning /to be cleaned.
(3) 情态动词,多用于否定句或疑问句 eg. Need I stay here ---Yes, you must . /No, you needn’t.
10. agree v.同意，赞同---disagree(反义词) agree with sb. 同意某人 agree to do. 同意做某事
11. right away =right now =at once，意为 马上 。
12. advice u n.建议,意见 a piece of advice 一条建议 give sb. advice on sth./ take one’s advice
advise v. advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 advise doing sth.建议做某事
13. hit ---hit(过去式)(用手或器具)打;击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone.
hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back 打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on 用在所打较硬的部位;
hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in 用在所打较软的部位。
当名词用时;get hit on the head 头部受到撞击
14. see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 eg.I saw a boy playing football near my home.
See sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事(强调全过程) eg.We saw him cross the road.
15.shout to sb.向某人喊话 shout at sb. 冲某人叫喊(贬义) shout for help 大声呼救
expect sb. to do sth.期待某人去做某事。
hink about(+doing)考虑 think of 想起，认为 think over 仔细考虑 think up 想出
18.fall down(+from)摔倒，跌倒 fall behind 落后，跟不上 fall into落入… fall asleep 入睡
fall in love with 爱上… fall off… 从……跌落下来
19.反身代词myself./ yourself / himself / herself / itself / ourselves /yourselves / themselves
enjoy oneself / help oneself to…/ by oneself hurt/ cut oneself / teach oneself=learn sth by oneself
keep to oneself
20.trouble un.苦恼，问题 be in trouble 处于困境 get into trouble陷入困境 make trouble 制造麻烦 have trouble / difficulties / problems (in) doing sth.做......有麻烦 做某事有困难
21 .put …… on sth. 在某物上放…… put some medicine on the cut (伤口) put a bandage on it 在它上面放绷带
22. in the same way 以同样的方式 on the way to 在去……的路上 in the way 挡路
out of the way 不再碍事 by the way 顺便说一下 in this way 用这种方法 in a way 在某种程度上
23.get an X-ray 拍X 光片 take one’s temperature 量体温 hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 see a dentist 看牙医 go to a doctor =go to see a doctor = go to the doctor’s 看医生 get off 下车---get on 上车 all weekend 整个周末 away from 远离for too long 太长时间 on the side of the road 在马路边 without thinking twice 没多想get sunburned 被晒伤 have a heart problem有心脏病 feel very hot 感到很热thanks to 多亏,由于(=because of =with the help of) have a nosebleed 流鼻血cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖 put her head back 把她的头向后仰 save a life 挽救生命 in time 及时 on time 准时 do the right thing 做正确的事 go mountain climbing 去爬山
Section B
1.sick adj.① 生病的，有病的。作表语和定语 。ill只能作表语 be /feel sick =be ill ②恶心的eg. I feel a little sick. ③ 厌倦的 be sick of eg.I’m sick of running .
2. be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于…适应做某事…(be = get = become) eg. He is used to getting up early .
be used to do sth. = be used for sth /doing被用于做某事 eg. Wood is used to make houses .
used to do sth 过去常做某事 eg.He used to go to work by bus .
3. take a risk=take risks 冒险 the risk of sth /doing……的风险 at risk 在危险中 risk to do sth. 冒险去做某事
4. in a very dangerous situation 在一种非常危险的情况下
5. sth. run out 某物用完，用尽 eg. When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. sb. run out of sth. 人用尽了某物。 eg. He run out of all his money last night.
6.blood 血un. a drop of blood 一滴血 -----bloody 有血的，出血的 get out of 离开， 从…出来
7.mean---meant 动词 ①意思是 mean doing sth 意味着做某事 ②打算 mean to do sth eg. I mean to go tomorrow.
meaning n.，含义 意思。 eg.What do you mean by the word = What does the word mean = What is the meaning of the word
8.the importance of (doing) sth 做某事的重要性 eg.Do you understand the importance of studying hard
important ---unimportant (不)重要的
9. free adj.空闲的 free time;免费的 eg.The drink is for free;自由的 eg.I want to become a free bird.
free【动词】使……解脱，得到自由：eg. He could not free his arm.
10. make a decision to do sth.=decide to do sth = make up one’s ming to do sth =determine to do sth 下决心做某事
11. be in control of …掌管，管理 eg.The headmaster is in control of this new school.
be out of control 无法控制，无法管理 under control 在控制之下
12. death 名词(不)---die 动词----dead 形容词---dying 形容词 ：垂死的，临终的
eg. He is afraid of death . She died two years ago . The dog is dead . It is a dying bird.
13. give up (doing) sth. 放弃(做)某事，give up (playing) computer games / Never give up easily.
14.so that 以便，为的是 (当主句与从句主语一致是= in order to =so as to )
eg.He worked hard so that he could succeed. = …… in order to / so as to …….
15. be interested in = take an interest in 对…感兴趣
16. keep on doing sth 继续做某事，重复做…(有间隔) keep doing sth (无间断)
keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事 keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
17. cut off 切断 cut down 砍到 cut up 切碎 cut in 插入插话 cut out 删掉 cut 。。。into… 把…切成…
18.mind doing sth 介意做某事
19.lose one’s way = get lost 迷路 lose to sb 输给某人
20.almost 几乎，差不多。指程度上的空间距离，时间长短等 almost +no,none,nothing,never 等;Nearly 多用于数字
Sentences:
询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到什么麻烦时，常用以下句型：
1.What’s the matter (with sb.) 2. What’s the/ one’s trouble / problem(with sb.)
3.What’s wrong (with sb.) 你怎么了 4. What’s up 5. What happened to sb.
6.Are you OK 7 . Is there anything wrong with sb.
二.表达身体不适或疼痛时，常用以下结构：
1.Sb + have /has + a / an + 疾病名称：have a cold / fever / cough / temperature
2.Sb + have/ has a sore +身体部位：have a sore throat / back
3.Sb + have / has+ a+ 身体部位—ache have a toothache /headache / stomachache / earache /backache
4.Sb + hurt(s) +身体部位/ oneself ; He hurt his leg . 或 身体部位+ hurts ; My head hurts badly .
5.There is something wrong with one’s +身体部位。
6.Sb +have /has a pain in one’s +身体部位
三.情态动词 should / shouldn’t 的用法：意为’应该，应当’ 后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。通常表示提出意见或建议，或义务和责任，还可表示命令责备或要求等语气;
1. You should lie down and rest . 2.You shouldn’t eat so much next time . 3. What should I do
4. Should I put some medicine on it ----Yes ,you should ./ No, you should’ t.
写作练习： 主题“健康与急救”
写作思路：1.根据提示描述问题，What,s the matter have different problems...
2.给出合理化建议 how to slove the problem
3.结尾综述（表示祝愿）important hope
写作模板及注意事项：
It's important for us to …-， You should-.(建议），You shouldn't--, I think it is necessary for us to--, You need to---,If you have acn)--, you should. All in all ,--is important.
No sports,on life.（没有运动就没有生命 ) An apple a day keeps the doctor away.(一天一个苹果, 医生远离我）
（一）写作范文：
Dear Li Ming,
I'm sorry to hear that you haue a cold, Are you feeling better now If not, you should take your temperature right away and see a doctor. As long as you haue a good rest and take medicine on time, you will get better soon. Here is some advice for you to keep healthy. First, no sports, no life. You should take more exercise after school. Second, stay away from junk food. You should eat more fruit and vegetables. Finally, get into a healthy living habit. You should go to bed early and get up early.
I hope you'll get better soon.
（二）每个人的生命只有一次，你平安、健康、快乐地长大是父母最大的心愿，你保护好生命是对父母最好的报答。请你以“How to Protect Our Lives”为题，从安全和健康的角度入手，写一篇如何珍惜和保护我们生命的短文。
要求：1．100－120词；2．文中不要出现本人真实信息；
3．根据提示词每个角度至少选择三个方面来写，也可适当发挥。
提示词：traffic accident，fight，drown(溺水)，fire，electricity，food，exercise，sleep，Internet，smoking，drugs，happiness…
How to Protect Our Lives
Everyone has only one life.It is our parents' best wishes to see us grow up safely and healthily.In return，we should treasure our lives.How to protect our lives
Firstly，now there are more and more cars，so when we walk on the road，we must obey the traffic rules，especially at the traffic lights.At school，we should get on well with our classmates.Don't fight with them，or we'll be hurt.Stay away from the dangerous places.
Secondly，in my opinion，we should eat healthy food instead of junk food.We'd better have enough sleep and do exercise every day.We must refuse drugs as well as smoking.Besides，we are supposed to control the time of playing computer games.Remember，happiness is the most important thing.So smile every day！Be happy every day!
In a word，we must try our best to protect and value our lives