(共14张PPT)
高考英语一轮复习
句子成分及八大基本句型
在英语句子当中,按功能分为八大句子成分,分别是:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语(Attr.)、状语、补语、同位语。
主语(S) 动词的发出对象,常放在句首。 定语 (Attribute) 用来修饰名词、描述主语或宾语,形容词通常做定语。
谓语(V) 谓语部分的主要动词 补语(C) 用来补充说明主语或宾语。
宾语(O) 动词的承受对象,有的动词能够接双宾语。 状语(A) 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、程度等,副词通常做状语。
表语(P) 说明主语的品质、性质、身份等,通常在系动词后面。 同位语 (Appositive) 即“同等位置”,以一个名词来解释说明另外一个名词或代词。
一、主语:
1.主语是句子要说明的人或物,是一个句子的主体,一般位于句首。
2.常用名词或相当于名词的词(动词不定式或动名词)、代词、数词、名词化的形容词等充当。
例如:
1) We often speak English in class.( )
2) One-third of the students in this class are girls.( )
3) To swim in the river is a great pleasure.( )
4) Smoking does harm to the health.( )
5) The rich should help the poor.( )
6) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.( )
7) It is necessary to master a foreign language.( )
代词/名词
数词
不定式
动名词
名词化的形容词
名词性从句
it做形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式
二、谓语:
1. 说明主语的动作、状态和特征,一般放在主语的后面。
2. 分类:
1)简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成.
如:He practices running every morning.
2)复合谓语:
(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成.如:
You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.
(2)由系动词加表语构成.
如:We are students.
三、宾语:
动作行为的对象或承受者,放在及物动词或介词之后。
They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.( )
The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.( )
How many dictionaries do you have I have five.( )
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.( )
He pretended not to see me.( )
I enjoy listening to popular music.( )
I think(that)he is fit for his office.( )
宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语(indirect object)+直接宾语(direct object)),
例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.
名词
代词
数词
名词化形容词
不定式短语
动名词短语
宾语从句
四、表语:
位于系动词(be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后,表主语的性质、状态和特征。
Our teacher of English is an American.( )
Is it yours ( )
The weather has turned cold.( )
The speech is exciting.( )
Three times seven is twenty one ( )
His job is to teach English.( )
His hobby(爱好)is playing football.( )
The machine must be out of order.( )
Time is up. The class is over.( )
The truth is that he has never been abroad.( )
名词
代词
形容词
分词
数词
不定式
动名词
介词短语
副词
表语从句
1、五感:指的是五个表示五官感官动词,look看、sound听、smell闻、taste尝、feel感觉,摸起来。
2、四变:四个表示变化的动词,become变成、turn变得、get变得、grow变得。
3、三保持:三个表示保持的动词,keep保持、stay 保持 remain 仍然是。
4、二特殊:两个特殊动词,be是、seem似乎。
五、定语:
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语.定语可由以下等成分表示:
Qingzhou is a beautiful city.( )
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.( )
There are thirty women teachers is our school.( )
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.( )
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.( )
He is reading an article about how to learn English.( )
This is the girl whose name is LiMei.( )
形容词
分词
名词
代词
不定式短语
介词短语
定语从句
六、状语:
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语.可由以下形式表示:
Light travels most quickly.( )
He has lived in the city for ten years.( )
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.( )
He is in the room making a model plane.( )
Once you begin, you must continue.( )
副词及副词性词组
介词短语
不定式短语
分词短语
状语从句
七、补语:
英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语外,还要有一个宾语补足语,才能使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有:make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let, keep 等。如:
His father named him Dongming.( )
They painted their boat white.( )
Let the fresh air in.( )
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.( )
We saw her entering the room.( )
We found everything in the lab in good order.( )
名词
形容词
副词
不定式短语
现在分词
介词短语
三大句式
简单句(8种)
并列句:并列连接词(but,and,or,so)连结两个以上的简单句
复合句
名词性从句(主、宾、表、同)
形容词性从句(定语从句)
副词性从句(状语从句)
简单句的八种基本句型
基本句型一: S V (主+谓)
基本句型二: S V P (主+系+表)
基本句型三: S V O (主+谓+宾)
基本句型四: S V IO DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
基本句型五: S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)
基本句型六:S V A (主+谓+状)
基本句型七:S V O A (主+谓+宾+状)
基本句型八:存现句:There be 结构
They arrived.
She plans to travel.
He looked worried.
Her father buy her a dictionary.
You should keep the room clean.
They arrived this morning.
There is/are/was/were/ will be / has (have) been/ must be/ used to be/ ......
There live/ stand/ come/ exist/ arrive
She plans to travel this sunday.
Step 1 划分句子中的成分
1.Max meets Amy in the dining hall.
2.I want to make a good first impression.
3.He even told us a funny story.
S
V
O
A
S
V
O
S
V
IO
DO
4.I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.
5.There is a lot to explore at senior high.
6. People spoke too quickly.
7.The teacher lets the students do cool experiment.
S
V
O
C
S
V
A
S
V
O
C
There be 存现句
长难句结构分析:
神经系统疾病
makes
at
what
Though/Although/While
Others
meaning