【语法考点夯实】2015年聚焦中考英语(甘肃)语法课件:第22讲 名词和冠词(共35张PPT)

文档属性

名称 【语法考点夯实】2015年聚焦中考英语(甘肃)语法课件:第22讲 名词和冠词(共35张PPT)
格式 zip
文件大小 402.1KB
资源类型 教案
版本资源 通用版
科目 英语
更新时间 2014-12-21 07:26:43

图片预览

文档简介

课件35张PPT。甘肃省英
语语法考点夯实  第22讲 名词和冠词
名词【名题实战】
1.—I want to go to different places,but I don't know the ____.
—A map is helpful,I think.(2014,孝感)
A.price   B.time   C.way   D.ticket
2.—Mum,I want to buy an iPhone 5s for a change.
—Well,I think there is no ____.It's almost the same as an iPhone 4s.(2014,宁波)
A.reason B.need C.answer D.way
3.Look at the ____,sir. The white shirt is larger than the yellow one.
A.size B.shape C.weight D.colorCBA4.Look!There are some ____ on the farm.(2014,黔东南)
A.chicken B.goose C.sheep D.cow
5.—You may go to Milan for a free trip.
—It's a very kind ____,but I really can't accept it.(2014,河南)
A.excuse B.offer C.promise D.decision
【考点梳理】
名词是甘肃各地市中考考查的重点,考生应熟练掌握并能正确运用该考点内容。考查内容主要包括:
1.常用专有名词表示方法;
2.可数名词单、复数变化规则及其用法;
3.不可数名词量的表示方法;
4.名词所有格的运用方法;
5.名词作主语时主谓一致问题;
6.名词词义的辨析。BC高频考向一 常用专有名词
1.人名。如:Jackie Chan,Yao Ming
2.地名。如:New York,the Great Wall
3.国名。如:China,America
4.一周七天。如:Monday,Tuesday
5.一年十二个月。如:May,September
6.节日。如:Teachers' Day,Mother's Day,Christmas Day
7.专有名词缩写形式。如:USA,CD
【例1】 ________ is the most important festival in China.
A.Christmas Day B.Spring Festival
C.Mid-autumn Day D.National Day
解析:A选项是圣诞节;B选项是春节;C选项是中秋节;D选项是国庆节。根据句意“在中国最重要的节日”,当然是春节。
答案:____B高频考向二 名词辨析
名词词义辨析主要让考生在不同的语言环境中,通过对上下文的理解或者对一些词义相同的名词准确地掌握其意义,然后做出正确的选择。近年来,兰州中考试卷中的单选部分必考一题名词辨析。
【例2】 —What are you going to do when you grow up?
—My ________ is to become an astronaut.(2014,襄阳)
A.hobby B.dream C.job D.advice
解析:由问句“你长大后将去做什么”可知,答句应为“我的梦想是成为一名航天员”。
答案:____B【例3】 —The picnic is only in three days. Have you made any ________?
—Not yet. So let's discuss what to prepare.(2014,台州)
A.wishes B.plans C.mistakes D.friends
解析:A选项意为“愿望”;B选项意为“计划”;C选项意为“错误”;D选项意为“朋友”。由答句句意“还没有。那么让我们去讨论一下准备什么吧!”可知,问句句意为“野餐就在三天后了。你做好计划了吗”。
答案:____B高频考向三 名词的数
名词分可数名词与不可数名词两类。可数名词有单、复数变化形式。a用于以辅音音素开头的单数名词前,an用于以元音音素开头的单数名词前。如:an uncle,an apple,an honest man,an hour,a useful book,a university等。其复数形式分为规则和不规则两种:
1.可数名词复数的规则变化2.可数名词复数的不规则变化
?元音或词尾发生变化。
如:man→men;woman→women;Frenchman→Frenchmen;tooth→teeth;foot→feet;child→children
(巧记为:男女孩子的脚,踩住老鼠的牙。)
?单复数形式相同。
如:sheep→sheep;fish(鱼的条数) →fish;Chinese(中国人)→Chinese;Japanese(日本人)→Japanese;deer(鹿)→deer
?只用复数形式的名词。
如:pants,shorts,clothes,glasses (眼镜)等。
?由man,woman构成的合成名词,变复数时将名词及man,woman都变成复数。
如:man driver→men drivers,woman teacher→women teachers
但其他合成名词,只需把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式。
如:a banana tree→banana trees;a shoe factory→shoe factories3.不可数名词
?不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词,它们一般没有复数形式。如果要表示不可数名词的数量则要借助于“a+量词(可数名词)+of+不可数名词”短语,变复数时把a变为具体数词,量词变为复数形式。如:a bowl of water一碗水;two cups of tea两杯茶
初中阶段常见的不可数名词有:water,rice,tea,milk,food,fruit,meat,fish(鱼肉),chicken(鸡肉),beef,mutton,orange(橙汁),sugar,salt,paper(纸),porridge,bread,sand,juice,news,music,time(时间),information,fun,advice等。
?有些名词既可作不可数名词,又可作可数名词,如:time(时间/次数,倍数),fish(鱼肉/鱼),room(空间/房间),noise(噪音/响声),paper(纸/试卷,文件),chicken(鸡肉/鸡),experience(经验/经历)【例4】 —Where are you going,Sam?
—There isn't any ________ in the fridge.I'll go and buy some.(2014,凉山)
A.vegetables B.beef C.eggs D.money
解析:由is可知此处应用可数名词单数或不可数名词,故排除A、C选项。再根据句意来判断。
答案:____
【例5】 I saw some ________ and ________ dancing in the street the day before yesterday.
A.Germen;Englishmen B.Germans;Englishmans
C.Germans;Englishmen D.Germen;Englishmans
解析:German的复数形式为Germans;Englishman的复数形式为Englishmen。
答案:____BC高频考向四 名词所有格
①名词所有格,一般用在词尾加“'s”这种形式来表示。以-s或-es结尾的名词在末尾只加“'”。如:
It's my mother's handbag.这是我妈妈的手提包。
It's only twenty minutes' walk.这只是步行20分钟的路程。
Who won the girls' 100-meter race?谁赢了女子100米赛跑?
②不以-s或-es结尾的复数名词末尾仍要加“'s”。如:Where's the People's Hospital,please?请问人民医院在哪儿?
It's the policemen's bedroom.这是警察宿舍。③表示两个或多个人共同拥有的人或物时,只需在并列名词的后一个名词词尾加“'s”。若表示两者各自所拥有时,则每个名词后均加“'s”。如:
Lily and Lucy's father is a worker.莉莉和露茜的父亲是工人。
Lily's and Lucy's fathers are both workers.莉莉的父
亲和露茜的父亲都是工人。
④有些名词,如诊所、家、店铺等名词所有格后加“'s”后,可以省去表示相关处所的名词。如:the doctor's(医生诊所),Mr.White's(怀特先生家),the book-seller's(书店)。
⑤of所有格主要表示无生命的东西。如:
a map of China一幅中国地图
⑥既表示所属关系又表示数量时要用双重所有格。如:an old friend of my uncle's,a photo of Jim's family等。【例6】 ________ desk is long and wide.They like it very much.(2014,齐齐哈尔)
A.Sonia's and Jane's B.Sonia and Jane's
C.Sonia and Jane
解析:A项表示两个人各自的桌子,后应接复数名词;B项表示两个人共有的桌子,后接单数名词;C项不可以直接作定语。
答案:____
【例7】 —How far is your home from school?
—It's about two ________ walk.(2013,潍坊)
A.hours B.hours' C.hour's D.hour
解析:由答语“两个小时的步行路程”可知,此处应用名词所有格形式。hour为可数名词,在基数词后应使用复数形式hours,以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格直接在词尾加“'”构成。
答案:____BB一、单项选择。
1.____ is one of the four great inventions of ancient China.(2014,兰州)
A.The car B.The train
C.Paper-making D.The computer
2.Which of the following does paper burn in?____(2013,兰州)
A.CO2 B.N2 C.He D.O2
3.Miss Black is a friend of ____,she always looks after my sister.(2014,龙东)
A.Mary's mother's B.Mary's mother'
C.Mary mother's
4.There are fifty ____ in our school.They are all friendly to us.(2014,安顺)
A.woman teachers B.women teachers
C.woman teacher D.women teacherCDAB5.—I hear you have to get up early every morning.
—Right.It's one of the ____ of my family.(2014,泰安)
A.plans B.jobs C.programs D.rules
6.I'm tired.This is not the right ____ to ask me to go for a walk.(2014,杭州)
A.moment B.chance C.place D.season
7.Could you please get me some ____?I'm hungry.(2014,黔西南)
A.apple B.water C.bread D.eggDAC8.—Excuse me,where did you get the book?
—I borrowed it from the ____.(2013,重庆)
A.cinema B.library C.park D.station
9.—The sweater is not the right ____ for me.
—Well,shall I get you a bigger one or a smaller one?(2013,绍兴)
A.price B.color C.size D.material
10.You'd better read the ____ first before you use the camera.(2013,嘉兴、舟山)
A.websites B.expressions
C.instructions D.advertisementsBCC二、词汇运用:根据句意及汉语提示完成单词。
11.Uncle Wang bought two (手表) yesterday.
12.There are a lot of (绵羊) on the grass.
13.The cat caught two (老鼠) last night.
14.Gina would like some (果汁) to drink.
15.Jack went to have two (牙齿) pulled out yesterday afternoon.watches sheep mice juice teeth甘肃省英
语语法考点夯实  第22讲 名词和冠词
冠词【名题实战】
1.—What do you think of the new movie The Monkey King,Sally?
—It's ____ funny one.(2013,台州)
A.a     B.an    C.the    D.不填
2.—Mary,who's ____ woman over there?
—She's my aunt, English teacher.(2014,天津)
A.the;the B.a;the C.the;an D.a;an
3.Let's take ____ photo!Everyone,cheese!(2014,河北)
A.a B.an C.the D.不填 ACA4.I'm going to be ____ basketball player.(2014,成都)
A.the B.a C.an
5.Eric is not going to Nanjing by ____ plane. Instead,he is taking ________ train.(2014,广东)
A./;a B.a;/ C.a;the D.the;a
【考点梳理】
甘肃各地市中考中对冠词的考查主要为:
1.冠词的基本用法;
2.零冠词的情况;
3.习惯用语中冠词的位置及使用。 BA高频考向一 不定冠词a,an
①泛指某一类人或物。如:
A horse is a useful animal.马是有用的动物。
②表示数量“一”,但没有one强。如:
I would like a cup of coffee.我想要一杯咖啡。
③用在文中第一次提到某人或某物时。如:
—What's this?这是什么?
—It's a bike.这是一辆自行车。
④用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前有“每一”的意思,相当于every。如:
three times a week每周三次⑤用于某些固定短语中。如:
a lot of许多,have a cold感冒,in a hurry匆忙,have a good time玩得高兴/过得愉快,take a bus乘坐公共汽车
注意:不定冠词an用于以元音音素开头的单词前,而a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前。如:
an apple 一个苹果 an hour一小时
a book一本书 a university一所大学
【例1】 —What do you think of Lucy?
—She is ________ honest girl.(2014,益阳)
A.an B.a C.the
解析:表泛指,且以元音音素开头。
答案:____A【例2】As Tim loves Zunyi a lot,he bought ________ one-way ticket to Zunyi and decided to stay here for a year.(2014,遵义)
A.an B.a C./
解析:表数量“一”。
答案:____
【例3】 Do you know a spaceship flies at about nineteen kilometers ________ second?(2013,兰州)
A.the B.a C./ D.an
解析:用在时间“second”前,表示“每一”。
答案:____
【例4】 Lin Dan is ________ excellent player.I'm ________ big fan of him.(2014,福州)
A.a;the B.an;a C.the;an
解析:表泛指,第一个空后以元音音素开头,第二个空后面以辅音音素开头。
答案:____BBB高频考向二 定冠词the
①谈话双方都知道的人或物。如:
The girl is Lucy's sister.这个女孩是露茜的妹妹。
②用于特指某人或某物。如:
The man in the car is my teacher.坐在车里的那个人是我的老师。
③用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如:
The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
④用在乐器名称前。如:
She is playing the piano.她正在弹钢琴。
⑤用在序数词或形容词的最高级前。如:
Tom is the tallest in his class.汤姆在他班上个子最高。
⑥用在姓氏的复数前,表示“一家人或夫妇二人”。如:
The Browns are having dinner.布朗一家正在吃晚饭。⑦用在上文已提到的人或物前。如:
Nancy has a cat.The cat is very cute.南希有一只猫,这只猫很可爱。
⑧用在表示海洋、江河、山脉、群岛、国家和党派等名词前,或由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:
the Huai River淮河,the United Kingdom英国,the Great Wall长城
⑨用在某些形容词前表示一类人。如:
the old老人,the young年轻人,the rich富人,the poor 穷人
⑩用于the+比较级,the+比较级及the+比较级+of+两者的句型中。如:
The more he thinks of it,the sadder he will be.他越想的多,就越难过。
Maria is the thinner of the two girls.玛利亚是两个女孩中较瘦的那一个。
?the用在某个世纪的某个年代。如:
in the 1980s 20世纪80年代
?用在某些固定短语中。如:
at the age of在……岁时,all the time一直,by the way顺便说一下,in the end最后/终于,in the morning在早上,on the right在右边,in the middle of在……中间【例5】 Mom,I like ________ green T-shirt.Could you buy it for me?(2014,威海)
A.a B.an C.the D./
解析:在特指的名词前用定冠词。
答案:____
【例6】 —How is ________ film you saw last night?
—You mean ________ one,Lost in Thailand?That's wonderful!(2013,内江)
A.a;the B.the;the C.the;不填 D.不填;the
解析:本题两空都应用定冠词the。第一空表示特指,第二空表示在上文中已提到的物。
答案:____CB【例7】—Tom,I'll invite you to have ________ lunch after playing ________ violin.
—Thank you.(2014,赤峰)
A.a;the B.the;the C./;/ D./;the
解析:have lunch为固定词组,中间不需任何冠词;在西洋乐器名词前应用定冠词。
答案:____D高频考向三 零冠词
①复数名词和不可数名词表示一般意义而不特指具体的人或事物时前面不用冠词。如:
Blood is thicker than water.血浓于水。
②在某些专有名词前不用冠词,如国名、人名等。如:
China has a long history.中国拥有悠久的历史。
③在星期、日期、月份、季节、节日前不用冠词。如:
October 1st is National Day.十月一日是国庆节。
注:若特指某年的某月或某季节时,则要在月份、季节前加定冠词the。如:
In the winter of 2010,he moved to China.在2010年的冬天,他搬到了中国。
④在三餐、球类运动及娱乐活动的名词之前不用冠词。如:
He went to school without breakfast this morning.
他今天早晨没有吃早饭就去上学了。
Davy likes playing basketball.戴维喜欢打篮球。⑤当名词前有this,that,these,those,every,his,your,some,any等限定词或名词所有格修饰时,不用冠词。如:
Jenny's sister is my friend.珍妮的妹妹是我的朋友。
Those students often play football after school.那些学生放学后经常踢足球。
⑥在表示职位和称呼前不用冠词。如:
He was elected manager of our company last year.去年他当选为我们公司的经理。
⑦与by连用的表示交通工具的名词前不用冠词。如:
by bus坐公共汽车,by train坐火车
注:动词take或介词in,on后接表示交通工具的名词前要加冠词。如:
take a bus坐公共汽车,on a/the bus坐公共汽车,in a/the car乘小汽车
⑧用在某些习惯用语中。如:
go to school去上学,at home在家,at once立刻/马上,on time按时,in trouble陷入困境,watch TV看电视,on foot步行,by mistake错误地,day and night日日夜夜,at first首先【例8】Li Na started playing ________ tennis at the age of six.She is one of ________ best women tennis players in the world.(2014,凉山)
A.the;the B.a;/ C./;the D.the;/
解析:球类名词前不能用任何冠词;形容词最高级前应用定冠词the。
答案:____
【例9】 It is a good habit to go to ________ bed early and get up early.(2013,丽水)
A.a B.an C.the D.不填
解析:go to bed意为“上床睡觉”,是固定搭配,不用冠词。
答案:____
【例10】Miss Zhang will go to ________ America for ________ important meeting next month.(2014,梅州)
A.an;an B./;an C./;an D.an;the
解析:表示国家的专有名词前不能用冠词;第二个空表示泛指,且以元音音素开头。
答案:____CDC一、单项选择。
1.—Who is ____ man in a black hat?(2012,兰州)
—It's Jim Brown. We often play ________ basketball together in our free time.
A.an;a B.a;/ C.the;a D.the;/
2.Our Chinese teacher told us ____ interesting story and ________ story was about Thomas Edison.(2011,兰州)
A.an;a B.the;the C.a;the D.an;the
3.I have ____ English dictionary and it helps me a lot.(2014,重庆)
A.a B.an C.the D./
4.—What's ____ matter with you?
—I have ________ toothache.(2014,白银)(2014,平凉)
A.a;the B.the;/ C./;a D.the;aDDBD5.—Would you like to come to my party this afternoon?
—I'd like to,but my mother is ill in ____ hospital,I will go to ________ hospital to see her.(2014,内江)
A.不填;a B.a;the
C.the;the D.不填;the
6.—Have you seen ____ film Where Are We Going,Dad?
—Yes,it's ________ interesting film!(2014,扬州)
A.a;the B.the;an C.a;an D.the;the
7.My brother Fred woke up with ____ bad headache,yet by the evening the pain had gone.(2014,绍兴)
A.a B.an C.the D.不填DBA8.—Is ____ red bag under the table yours,Jean?
—No,I only have ________ yellow bag. Maybe it's Julia's.(2014,泰安)
A.a;the B.the;a C.a;a D.the;the
9.I had ____ wonderful time in Beijing.(2014,孝感)
A.a B.an C.the D./
10.—You've dropped ____ “c” in the word “succeed”!
—Sorry,I forgot ________ letter “c” is doubled.(2014,黄石)
A.a;a B.a;the C.an;the D.the;the BAB请完成考点跟踪突破22